CN104749650B - A kind of novel gravity instrument based on HOM principle of interferences - Google Patents

A kind of novel gravity instrument based on HOM principle of interferences Download PDF

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CN104749650B
CN104749650B CN201510134651.4A CN201510134651A CN104749650B CN 104749650 B CN104749650 B CN 104749650B CN 201510134651 A CN201510134651 A CN 201510134651A CN 104749650 B CN104749650 B CN 104749650B
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sequence
flashlight
entangled photons
prism
beam splitter
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CN104749650A (en
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赵连洁
王增斌
张安宁
霍娟
李明飞
杨然
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China Aerospace Times Electronics Corp
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Abstract

A kind of novel gravity instrument based on HOM principle of interferences, including tangle source (1), delayer (2), the first beam splitter (3), strain gauge (4), treat whereabouts prism (5), reference prism (6), the second beam splitter (7), the first detector (8), the second detector (9), coincidence measurement logic computer (10), atomic clock (11), controller.Adjustment delayer (2) delay first, make idle light with occurring destructive interference by the flashlight of first position, then treat prism (5) freely falling body in whereabouts to last position, the recoding free falling body time, delayer (2) delay is adjusted again, idle light is set to occur destructive interference with the flashlight by last position, last controller obtains acceleration of gravity according to difference, the difference at first moment moment Mo of two delays.The present invention is that the measurement of high-precision gravity acceleration is realized by HOM principle of interferences, can be widely applied for measuring, survey and draw, geophysics, the field such as marine exploration and space science.

Description

A kind of novel gravity instrument based on HOM principle of interferences
Technical field
The present invention relates to gravity detection field, particularly a kind of novel gravity instrument based on HOM principle of interferences, it is possible to achieve The measurement of high-precision gravity acceleration g, motion and structure, earth's surface gravitational field ginseng for the changing rule, the earth's crust of analysis gravitational field Number etc. provides experimental datas, can be widely applied for measuring, survey and draw, geophysics, the field such as marine exploration and space science.
Background technology
Gravity measurement can trace back to the Galilean leaning tower of Piza experiment with falling objects of 16th century earliest, with quantum mechanics and The development of Time-Frequency Technology, absolute gravity measurement (g, accepted value 9.81m/s2) the degree of accuracy also improving constantly, and extensive use In multiple fields such as metering, mapping, geology, earthquake and resource explorations.
Italian Civil metering institute have developed IMGC-2 type absolute gravimeters, be the high accuracy using upthrow-whereabouts principle Absolute gravimeter.U.S. JILA laboratories Faller research group once developed six JILA-g types absolute gravimeters there is provided to Multiple national meterings and Mapping departments are used, and later Niebauer etc. is improved on the basis of JILA-g, realizes height The commercialization of precision absolute gravimeter, i.e., the FG-5 type absolute gravimeters of current Micro-g companies production.Steven Chu in 1999 Etc. the high-precision absolute gravity measurement result based on atomic interferometer is published in, cause extensive pass in Precise physical fields of measurement Note.The also independent development T-1 types small-scaled high-precision absolute gravimeter of Tsing-Hua University in 2012, can be achieved microgal magnitude not true Surely the high precise gravity survey spent.
Current achievable high accuracy gravimeter scheme is varied, but is all deposited in resolution ratio raising and Project Realization Various the problem of.Such as gravimeter based on classical optics, it is desirable to which used light source bandwidth is more wide better, but light The line width in source can cause chromatic dispersion problem;Atomic interference gravimeter precision is higher, but in terms of engineering, maturity is low, volume Huge and can not realize continuous measurement, based on this, the present invention devises a kind of novel gravity instrument based on HOM principle of interferences, one Aspect can overcome the chromatic dispersion problem of classical optics gravimeter, moreover it is possible to realize the measurement of high-precision gravity acceleration g.
The content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that being:Overcome the deficiencies in the prior art high-precision can be used extensively there is provided one kind Novel gravity instrument in fields such as metering, mapping, geophysics, marine exploration and space science.
The present invention technical solution be:A kind of novel gravity instrument based on HOM principle of interferences, including tangle source, prolong When device, the first beam splitter, strain gauge, treat whereabouts prism, reference prism, the second beam splitter, the first detector, second detection Device, coincidence measurement logic computer, atomic clock, controller, wherein
Source is tangled, includes the first entangled photons sequence of flashlight and idle light being produced when whereabouts prism is located at first position Row, delayer is delivered to by the idle light in the first entangled photons sequence, and the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence is delivered into the One beam splitter, after after whereabouts prism freely falling body to last position, generation includes the second entangled photons sequence of flashlight and idle light Row, and the idle light in the second entangled photons sequence is delivered into delayer, the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence is delivered to First beam splitter;
Idle light in delayer, the first entangled photons sequence of adjustment, idle light in the second entangled photons sequence prolong When after deliver to the first beam splitter respectively;
First beam splitter, enters to the flashlight in the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence, the second entangled photons sequence Two beam flashlights is transmitted along direction straight up after row reflection, the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence is delivered into just position Treat whereabouts prism, whereabouts prism is treated by what the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence delivered to last position, to after delay The idle light in idle light, the second entangled photons sequence in one entangled photons sequence delivers to the second beam splitting respectively after being transmitted Device;
Strain gauge, treats whereabouts prism certainly when when whereabouts prism freely falling body is to last position, control atomic clock is recorded By falling bodies to last position at the time of t2
Whereabouts prism is treated, to the first entangled photons sequence of the first beam splitter reflection during first position above strain gauge Flashlight in row makes the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence be transmitted along vertically downward direction after being reflected, deliver to reference After prism, freely falling body to strain gauge, the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence of the first beam splitter reflection is carried out The flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence is transmitted along vertically downward direction after reflection, deliver to reference prism;
Reference prism, the flashlight reflected in the first entangled photons sequence for treating whereabouts prismatic reflection, the second entangled photons The second beam splitter is delivered to after flashlight in sequence;
Second beam splitter, receives the flashlight and the first entangled photons sequence in the first entangled photons sequence after interfering Reflected and transmitted after idle light in row, receive the flashlight and second in the second entangled photons sequence after interfering Reflected and transmitted after idle light in entangled photons sequence;
First detector, detect the second beam splitter reflection the first entangled photons sequence interfered in flashlight with The optical signal after idle light in first entangled photons sequence, produces the first electric signal and delivers to coincidence measurement logic computer, Detect in the flashlight and the second entangled photons sequence in the second entangled photons sequence interfered of the second beam splitter reflection Idle light after optical signal, produce the 3rd electric signal and simultaneously deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer;
Second detector, detection the second beam splitter transmission the first entangled photons sequence interfered in flashlight with The optical signal after idle light in first entangled photons sequence, produces the second electric signal and delivers to coincidence measurement logic computer, Detect in the flashlight and the second entangled photons sequence in the second entangled photons sequence interfered of the second beam splitter transmission Idle light after optical signal, produce the 4th electric signal and simultaneously deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer;
Two signals are done after coincidence measurement logic computer, the first electric signal of reception, the second electric signal and meet association counting, Record meets association and is counted as 0 corresponding delayer delay τ1, receive and detector exported after the 3rd electric signal, the 4th electric signal Signal do and meet association and count, record meets association and is counted as 0 corresponding delayer delay τ2, and the τ that will be delayed1, delay τ2Send To controller;
Atomic clock, it is t to record and treat that whereabouts prism starts at the time of freely falling body1, record and treat whereabouts prism freely falling body extremely At the time of last position and it is designated as t2
Controller, receives the delay τ that coincidence measurement logic computer is sent1, delay τ2, and read the t of atomic clock record1、 t2Calculate afterwards and obtain acceleration of gravityWherein, c is the light velocity, Δ τ=τ21, Δ t=t2-t1;The initial position is set to Whereabouts prism is treated above strain gauge and does not start the position of freely falling body;The last position is to treat that whereabouts prism freely falls Position during body to strain gauge.
The advantage of the present invention compared with prior art is:
(1) present invention is the gravity measuring device realized based on upthrow-whereabouts mode, can keep traditional upthrow-under Fall to carry out on the basis of the optical system of mode gravimeter, overall appearance shape invariance the local directed complete set of internal structure, work Cheng Shixian is upper relatively simple;
(2) present invention compared with prior art, the coherence time of ultrashort coherence time photon is detected using HOM principle of interferences Measure to calculate gravity acceleration g, precision is higher;
(3) chromatic dispersion problem of the invention for overcoming classical optics gravimeter compared with the gravimeter of existing classical optics.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the installation drawing of gravimeter of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the perpendicularity adjusting method installation drawing of light beam of the present invention.
Embodiment
HOM interferes, and is the two-Photon Interference experiment that Mande et al. was demonstrated in laboratory conditions in 1987, later quilt Referred to as Hong-Ou-Mande interferes.One significance of HOM interference is the phase that can be used for detecting ultrashort coherence time photon The dry time, the measurement of high-precision gravity acceleration g can be realized by the technology, can be not only the change of analysis gravitational field Rule, the motion of the earth's crust and structure, earth's surface gravity field parameters etc. provide experimental data, are but also widely used for measuring, survey and draw, the earth The fields such as physics, marine exploration and space science.The present invention be based on HOM principle of interferences realize novel gravity instrument, technology into Ripe degree is higher, and Project Realization is simple.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to a kind of novel gravity instrument based on HOM principle of interferences of the present invention Embodiment be further described in detail, as shown in figure 1, the present invention include tangle source 1, delayer 2, the first beam splitting Device 3, strain gauge 4, treat whereabouts prism 5, reference prism 6, the second beam splitter 7, the first detector 8, the second detector 9, symbol Close measurement logic computer 10, atomic clock 11, controller.
Tangling source 1 and producing includes the entangled photons sequence of flashlight and idle light;Delayer 2 is positioned in idle light path, For SECO, adjustment delayer 2 can adjust its τ that is delayed so that through treating the first position of whereabouts prism 5, treating whereabouts prism 5 The flashlight of last position Liang Ge positions is interfered with idle light at the second beam splitter 7 respectively, and record is by treating whereabouts prism The 5 first positions and flashlight delay interfered at the second beam splitter 7 with idle light is τ1, treat the last position of whereabouts prism 5 simultaneously The flashlight delay interfered with idle light at the second beam splitter 7 is τ2;First beam splitter 3 and the second beam splitter 7 are successively It is positioned over behind delayer 2, before the first detector 8 and the second detector 9, for dividing flashlight and idle light Beam;Strain gauge 4 is positioned over the lower section for treating whereabouts prism 5, the top of the first beam splitter 3, on the one hand treats whereabouts rib for supporting Mirror 5, on the one hand for stress sensing, when treating to fall under whereabouts prism 5 on strain gauge 4 and (treat the last position of whereabouts prism 5) When, stress signal is converted into electric signal by high sensitivity strain gauge 4, directly controls atomic clock timing;Treat that whereabouts prism 5 is put The surface (to treat the just position of whereabouts prism 5) of strain gauge 4 is placed in, measurement medium is used as;Reference prism 6, which is positioned over, to be treated down Fall the lower right of prism 5, laser interference device is hung using long period seismograph, it is accurate to gravity for reducing ground micro-vibration The influence of measurement;Second beam splitter 7 is located at the rear of the first beam splitter 3, the upper right side of reference prism 6;First detector 8 and second Detector 9 is respectively placed in two exit ends of the second beam splitter 7, for receiving flashlight and idle light, and will receive Signal output is to coincidence measurement logic computer 10;Coincidence measurement logic computer 10 receives the first detector 8, the second detector The electric signal produced after 9 detections, and carry out meeting association counting;Atomic clock 11 is connected with strain gauge 4, for providing just end Time measurement benchmark in position simultaneously records two position moment t1And t2;Using delay inequality and just, the last position time difference calculates controller Acceleration of gravity.
Tangle source 1 and produce entangled photons sequence, the flashlight in entangled photons sequence is incided into the first beam splitter 3, the One beam splitter 3 is reflected flashlight, is transmitted along direction straight up, is incided under the treating treated at the first position of whereabouts prism 5 Fall prism 5, treat that whereabouts prism 5 carries out retroeflection to flashlight, propagated along vertically downward direction, reference prism 6 is incided, with reference to rib The second beam splitter 7 is delivered to after the retroeflection of mirror 6;Idle light in entangled photons sequence is delivered into delayer 2, the adjustment of delayer 2 is idle The first beam splitter 3 is incided after the delay τ of light, the first beam splitter 3 delivers to the second beam splitter 7 after being transmitted, treated down with passing through The flashlight for falling the first position of prism 5 is interfered, and the flashlight of the second 7 pairs of beam splitter transmitting interference reflects with idle light And transmission, the light after detection the second beam splitter 7 reflection of the first detector 8, produce the first electric signal and simultaneously deliver to coincidence measurement logic Calculator 10, the second detector 9 detects the light after the transmission of the second beam splitter 7, produces the second electric signal and delivers to coincidence measurement and patrols Calculator 10 is collected, coincidence measurement logic computer 10 receives the signal exported after the first electric signal, the second electric signal to detector Do and meet association counting, if meeting association is counted as 0, prove to enter the idle light of line delay and by anti-by delayer 2 The flashlight penetrated reaches the equivalent optical path of the second beam splitter 7, occurs destructive interference so that two photons are from the second beam splitter 7 Homonymy is exported, and the now delay of delayer 2 is τ1If meeting association and being counted as 1, the spare time being delayed by delayer 2 is proved The light path for putting light and flashlight the second beam splitter 7 of arrival by reflection is unequal, and two photons are respectively from the both sides of beam splitter Output, now needs delayer 2 to readjust delay τ, 0 is counted as until meeting association, by the τ that is delayed1Deliver to controller.
Obtain meeting the delay τ that association is counted as delayer 2 when 01Afterwards, gravity measurement is carried out, treats that whereabouts prism 5 does freedom Falling, sychronisation starts the recoding free falling body of atomic clock 11 fortune while treating that whereabouts prism 5 does the movement of falling object Dynamic first moment t1, after whereabouts prism 5 after freely falling body after a while, under fall on strain gauge 4, stress sensing Device is received after signal, while controlling the last moment t of atomic clock recoding free falling body motion2.Treat to fall on stress under whereabouts prism 5 Sensor 4, that is, reach after behind the last position of whereabouts prism 5, tangle source 1 and produce entangled photons sequence, by entangled photons sequence Flashlight incides the first beam splitter 3, and the first beam splitter 3 is reflected flashlight, transmits, incides along direction straight up Treat to treat whereabouts prism 5 at the last position of whereabouts prism 5, treat that whereabouts prism 5 carries out retroeflection to flashlight, passed along vertically downward direction Broadcast, incide reference prism 6, the second beam splitter 7 is delivered to after the retroeflection of reference prism 6;Idle light in entangled photons sequence is sent To delayer 2, the first beam splitter 3 is incided after the delay τ of the idle light of the adjustment of delayer 2, the first beam splitter 3 is sent after being transmitted To the second beam splitter 7, treat that the flashlight of the first position of whereabouts prism 5 is interfered with passing through, the transmitting interference of the second 7 pairs of beam splitter Flashlight is reflected and transmitted with idle light, and the first detector 8 detects the light after the reflection of the second beam splitter 7, produces the first electricity Signal simultaneously delivers to coincidence measurement logic computer 10, and the second detector 9 detects the light after the transmission of the second beam splitter 7, produces second Electric signal simultaneously delivers to coincidence measurement logic computer 10, and coincidence measurement logic computer 10 receives the first electric signal, the second telecommunications The signal that detector is exported is done after number and meets association counting, if meeting association is counted as 0, proves to enter by delayer 2 The idle light of line delay reaches the equivalent optical path of the second beam splitter 7 with the flashlight by reflection, occurs destructive interference so that two Individual photon is exported from the homonymy of the second beam splitter 7, and the now delay of delayer 2 is τ2If meeting association and being counted as 1, demonstrate,prove The idle light that bright process delayer 2 is delayed and the light path that the flashlight by reflection reaches the second beam splitter 7 are unequal, two light Son is exported from the both sides of beam splitter respectively, now needs delayer 2 to readjust delay τ, and 0 is counted as until meeting association, will Be delayed τ2Deliver to controller.Controller receives τ1、τ2Afterwards, just last position moment t is read from atomic clock 111And t2, and according to prolonging When device delay Δ τ=τ21Value and the first last time interval Δ t=t of position atomic clock 112-t1Value, calculate gravity acceleration Degree
Gravimeter of the present invention requires the first beam splitter 3, treats that whereabouts prism 5, the second beam splitter 7 are incident or light beam of reflection is Normal beam, it is therefore desirable to adjust above-mentioned optics, makes its light beam absolute vertical direction produced transmit upwards.Such as Fig. 2 institutes The perpendicularity adjusting method of light beam in gravimeter of the present invention is shown as, realizing the system of this method construction includes laser 12, first Beam splitter 3, treat whereabouts prism 5, tank 13, the second beam splitter 7, calibration retroreflective prism 14.
Wherein, laser 12 is irradiated to the first beam splitter 3, and by the beam splitting of the first beam splitter 3, a part of laser is by the first beam splitting Device 3 reflects (measuring beam), is transferred to treats on whereabouts prism 5 straight up, through after after the retroeflection of whereabouts prism 5, passing straight down On the defeated irradiation liquid level of screw clamp 13, after the reflection of the liquid level of water-carrying groove 13, return, be irradiated on the first beam splitter 3 along original optical path; Another part laser transmits (reference beam) by the first beam splitter 3, is irradiated to straight on the second beam splitter 7, through the second beam splitter 7 reflections, are irradiated on calibration retroreflective prism 14, calibrated retroreflective prism 14 is returned after reflecting along original optical path, is irradiated to first point On beam device 3, measuring beam meets and interfered on the first beam splitter 3 with reference beam, is controlled by adjusting two beam splitters Measuring beam direction processed, if the interference fringe that observes is presented uniform circular light spot, measuring beam is along absolute vertical side To upward transmission, if uniform circular light spot is not presented in the interference fringe observed, measuring beam is not along definitely perpendicular Nogata adjusts two beam splitters to control measuring beam direction until the interference fringe observed is not presented uniformly to upward transmission Circular light spot.Adjusting method of the present invention can be for adjusting light path of the present invention, to ensure the stability and accurately of measurement result Property, and original optics need not be moved, it is simple and easy to apply.
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the known technology of those skilled in the art.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of novel gravity instrument based on HOM principle of interferences, it is characterised in that including tangling source (1), delayer (2), first Beam splitter (3), strain gauge (4), treat whereabouts prism (5), reference prism (6), the second beam splitter (7), the first detector (8), the second detector (9), coincidence measurement logic computer (10), atomic clock (11), controller, wherein
Source (1) is tangled, includes the first entangled photons of flashlight and idle light being produced when whereabouts prism (5) is located at first position Sequence, delayer (2) is delivered to by the idle light in the first entangled photons sequence, and the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence is sent To the first beam splitter (3), after after whereabouts prism (5) freely falling body to last position, generation includes the second of flashlight and idle light Entangled photons sequence, and the idle light in the second entangled photons sequence is delivered into delayer (2), by the second entangled photons sequence Flashlight deliver to the first beam splitter (3);
The delay of idle light in delayer (2), the first entangled photons sequence of adjustment, the idle light in the second entangled photons sequence Deliver to the first beam splitter (3) respectively afterwards;
First beam splitter (3), is carried out to the flashlight in the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence, the second entangled photons sequence Two beam flashlights is transmitted along direction straight up after reflection, the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence is delivered into first position Whereabouts prism (5) is treated, whereabouts prism (5) is treated by what the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence delivered to last position, after delay The first entangled photons sequence in idle light, the idle light in the second entangled photons sequence deliver to second respectively after being transmitted Beam splitter (7);
Strain gauge (4), waits when when prism (5) freely falling body in whereabouts is to last position, control atomic clock (11) is recorded Prism (5) freely falling body is to t at the time of last position2
Whereabouts prism (5) is treated, first reflected during first position above strain gauge (4) the first beam splitter (3) is tangled Flashlight in photon sequence makes the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence be transmitted along vertically downward direction after being reflected, send To reference prism (6), after freely falling body to strain gauge (4), the second entangled photons sequence reflected the first beam splitter (3) In flashlight reflected after the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence is transmitted along vertically downward direction, deliver to and refer to rib Mirror (6);
Reference prism (6), the flashlight reflected in the first entangled photons sequence for treating whereabouts prism (5) reflection, second tangle light The second beam splitter (7) is delivered to after flashlight in subsequence;
Second beam splitter (7), receives the flashlight and the first entangled photons sequence in the first entangled photons sequence after interfering Reflected and transmitted after idle light in row, receive the flashlight and second in the second entangled photons sequence after interfering Reflected and transmitted after idle light in entangled photons sequence;
Flashlight in first detector (8), the first entangled photons sequence interfered of the second beam splitter of detection (7) reflection With the optical signal after the idle light in the first entangled photons sequence, produce the first electric signal and deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer (10), the flashlight and second in the second entangled photons sequence interfered of the second beam splitter of detection (7) reflection tangles light The optical signal after idle light in subsequence, produces the 3rd electric signal and delivers to coincidence measurement logic computer (10);
Flashlight in second detector (9), the first entangled photons sequence interfered of the second beam splitter of detection (7) transmission With the optical signal after the idle light in the first entangled photons sequence, produce the second electric signal and deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer (10), the flashlight and second in the second entangled photons sequence interfered of the second beam splitter of detection (7) transmission tangles light The optical signal after idle light in subsequence, produces the 4th electric signal and delivers to coincidence measurement logic computer (10);
Two signals are done after coincidence measurement logic computer (10), the first electric signal of reception, the second electric signal and meet association counting, Record meets association and is counted as 0 corresponding delayer (2) delay τ1, receive after the 3rd electric signal, the 4th electric signal to detector The signal of output, which is done, meets association counting, and record meets association and is counted as 0 corresponding delayer (2) delay τ2, and the τ that will be delayed1、 Be delayed τ2Deliver to controller;
Atomic clock (11), it is t to record and treat that whereabouts prism (5) starts at the time of freely falling body1, record and treat that whereabouts prism (5) freely falls At the time of body to last position and it is designated as t2
Controller, receives the delay τ that coincidence measurement logic computer (10) is sent1, delay τ2, and read atomic clock (11) record T1、t2Calculate afterwards and obtain acceleration of gravityWherein, c is the light velocity, Δ τ=τ21, Δ t=t2-t1;The initial position It is set to and treats whereabouts prism (5) above the strain gauge (4) and do not start the position of freely falling body;The last position is to wait Position during prism (5) freely falling body to strain gauge (4).
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CN106597467B (en) * 2016-11-22 2019-05-24 北京航天控制仪器研究所 A kind of rangefinder based on HOM principle of interference
CN108802841B (en) * 2018-06-20 2020-02-07 中国计量科学研究院 Light path adjusting device and method and gravity meter
CN109061755B (en) * 2018-07-22 2019-11-26 四川大学 High-precision microgravity acceleration measurement device and measurement method based on the weak measurement of quantum
CN111277328B (en) * 2020-02-20 2021-02-12 电子科技大学 System and method for measuring group velocity dispersion in optical waveguide

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