CN104749650A - Novel HOM interference theory based gravity instrument - Google Patents
Novel HOM interference theory based gravity instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN104749650A CN104749650A CN201510134651.4A CN201510134651A CN104749650A CN 104749650 A CN104749650 A CN 104749650A CN 201510134651 A CN201510134651 A CN 201510134651A CN 104749650 A CN104749650 A CN 104749650A
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel HOM interference theory based gravity instrument. The instrument comprises an entangled source (1), a delayer (2), a first beam splitter (3), a stress sensor (4), a prism (5) to be dropped, a reference prism (6), a second beam splitter (7), a first detector (8), a second detector (9), a coincidence measurement logic calculator (10), an atomic block (11) and a controller; when in use, the delayer (2) is adjusted to delay to enable destructive interference between the idle light and signal light flowing through the initial position, then the prism (5) to be dropped freely falls down to the end position, the free falling time is recorded, the delayer (2) is adjusted to delay again to enable destructive interference between the idle light and the signal light flowing through the end position, and finally the gravity acceleration can be obtained through the controller according to the difference between two delay, and the difference between the initial time and the end time. According to the instrument, the HOM interference theory is utilized to achieve the high precision measurement of the gravity accelerator; the instrument can be widely applied to the fields of metering, surveying and mapping, physical geography, ocean exploration and space science.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gravity detection field, particularly a kind of Novel gravity instrument based on HOM principle of interference, the measurement of high-precision gravity acceleration g can be realized, thering is provided experimental data for analyzing the Changing Pattern of gravity field, the motion of the earth's crust and structure, earth's surface gravity field parameter etc., the fields such as metering, mapping, geophysics, hydrospace detection and space science can be widely used in.
Background technology
Gravimetry can trace back to the Galilean leaning tower of Piza experiment with falling objects of 16th century the earliest, along with the development of quantum mechanics and Time-Frequency Technology, and absolute gravity measurement (g, accepted value 9.81m/s
2) accuracy also improving constantly, and be widely used in multiple fields such as metering, mapping, geology, earthquake and resource exploration.
Italian Civil metering institute have developed IMGC-2 type absolute gravimeter, is the high precision absolute gravimeter adopting upthrow-whereabouts principle.The research group of U.S. JILA laboratory Faller once developed six JILA-g type absolute gravimeters, the metering and the Mapping departments that are supplied to multiple country use, Niebauer etc. improved on the basis of JILA-g afterwards, achieve the commercialization of high precision absolute gravimeter, i.e. the FG-5 type absolute gravimeter of Micro-g company production at present.Steven Chus in 1999 etc. are published in the high precision absolute gravity measurement result based on atomic interferometer, cause extensive concern in Precise physical fields of measurement.Tsing-Hua University in 2012 is the independent development small-scaled high precision absolute gravimeter of T-1 type also, can realize the high precise gravity survey of micro-gal magnitude uncertainty.
Current attainable high accuracy gravimeter scheme is varied, but improves in resolution and Project Realization all exists various problem.Such as based on the gravity meter of classical optics, require that the light source bandwidth used is more wide better, but the live width of light source can cause chromatic dispersion problem; Atomic interference gravimeter precision is higher, but in through engineering approaches, degree of ripeness is low, bulky and can not continuous coverage be realized, based on this, the present invention devises a kind of Novel gravity instrument based on HOM principle of interference, can overcome the chromatic dispersion problem of classical optics gravity meter on the one hand, can also realize the measurement of high-precision gravity acceleration g.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention solves is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of high-precision Novel gravity instrument being widely used in the fields such as metering, mapping, geophysics, hydrospace detection and space science.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of Novel gravity instrument based on HOM principle of interference, comprise the source of tangling, chronotron, the first beam splitter, strain gauge, treat whereabouts prism, reference prism, the second beam splitter, the first detector, the second detector, coincidence measurement logic computer, atomic clock, controller, wherein
Tangle source, the the first entangled photons sequence comprising flashlight and idle light is produced when being positioned at first position until whereabouts prism, idle light in first entangled photons sequence is delivered to chronotron, flashlight in first entangled photons sequence is delivered to the first beam splitter, after whereabouts prism freely falling body to last position, produce the second entangled photons sequence comprising flashlight and idle light, and the idle light in the second entangled photons sequence is delivered to chronotron, the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence is delivered to the first beam splitter;
Chronotron, delivers to the first beam splitter after adjusting the time delay of the idle light in the idle light in the first entangled photons sequence, the second entangled photons sequence respectively;
First beam splitter, make two bundle flashlights along direction transmission straight up after reflecting the flashlight in the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence, the second entangled photons sequence, that the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence is delivered to first position treats whereabouts prism, that the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence is delivered to last position treats whereabouts prism, delivers to the second beam splitter to the idle light in the first entangled photons sequence after time delay, the idle light in the second entangled photons sequence respectively after carrying out transmission;
Strain gauge, when when whereabouts prism freely falling body is to last position, controls atomic clock record and treats the moment t of whereabouts prism freely falling body to last position
2;
Treat whereabouts prism, make flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence along direction transmission straight down after reflecting the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence of the first beam splitter reflection during first position above strain gauge, deliver to reference prism, after freely falling body to strain gauge, make the flashlight edge direction transmission straight down in the second entangled photons sequence after flashlight in second entangled photons sequence of the first beam splitter reflection is reflected, deliver to reference prism;
Reference prism, delivers to the second beam splitter after reflecting the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence of whereabouts prismatic reflection, the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence;
Second beam splitter, carry out reflecting and transmission after receiving the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence after interfering and the idle light in the first entangled photons sequence, carry out reflecting and transmission after receiving the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence after interfering and the idle light in the second entangled photons sequence;
First detector, detect the light signal after the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence interfered of the second beam splitter reflection and the idle light in the first entangled photons sequence, produce the first electric signal and deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer, detect the light signal after the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence interfered of the second beam splitter reflection and the idle light in the second entangled photons sequence, produce the 3rd electric signal and deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer;
Second detector, detect the light signal after the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence interfered of the second beam splitter transmission and the idle light in the first entangled photons sequence, produce the second electric signal and deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer, detect the light signal after the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence interfered of the second beam splitter transmission and the idle light in the second entangled photons sequence, produce the 4th electric signal and deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer;
Coincidence measurement logic computer, do two signals after receiving the first electric signal, the second electric signal and meet association counting, record meets the chronotron time delay τ that association is counted as 0 correspondence
1, the signal exported detector after receiving the 3rd electric signal, the 4th electric signal does and meets association counting, and record meets the chronotron time delay τ that association is counted as 0 correspondence
2, and by time delay τ
1, time delay τ
2deliver to controller;
Atomic clock, records and treats that the moment that whereabouts prism starts freely falling body is t
1, record treat whereabouts prism freely falling body to last position moment and be designated as t
2;
Controller, receives the time delay τ that coincidence measurement logic computer sends
1, time delay τ
2, and read the t of atomic clock record
1, t
2after calculate acceleration of gravity
wherein, c is the light velocity, Δ τ=τ
2-τ
1, Δ t=t
2-t
1; Described initial position is set to treats that whereabouts prism does not start the position of freely falling body above strain gauge; Described last position is to position during strain gauge until whereabouts prism freely falling body.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
(1) the present invention is the gravity measuring device realized based on upthrow-whereabouts mode, the local directed complete set of inner structure can be carried out on the basis keeping the optical system of traditional upthrow-whereabouts mode gravity meter, overall appearance shape invariance, comparatively simple in Project Realization;
(2) the present invention compared with prior art, and use measurement coherence time of HOM principle of interference detection photon ultrashort coherence time to calculate gravity acceleration g, precision is higher;
(3) the present invention is compared with the gravity meter of existing classical optics, overcomes the chromatic dispersion problem of classical optics gravity meter.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the installation drawing of gravity meter of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the verticality control method installation drawing of light beam of the present invention.
Embodiment
HOM interferes, and is the two-Photon Interference experiment that the people such as Mande demonstrated in laboratory conditions in 1987, is called as Hong-Ou-Mande afterwards and interferes.The significance that HOM interferes is to can be used for detect the coherence time of photon ultrashort coherence time, the measurement of high-precision gravity acceleration g can be realized by means of this technology, not only experimental data can be provided for analyzing the Changing Pattern of gravity field, the motion of the earth's crust and structure, earth's surface gravity field parameter etc., also the fields such as metering, mapping, geophysics, hydrospace detection and space science can be widely used in.The present invention is the Novel gravity instrument realized based on HOM principle of interference, and technology maturity is higher, and Project Realization is simple.Be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiment of accompanying drawing to a kind of Novel gravity instrument based on HOM principle of interference of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes the source of tangling 1, chronotron 2, first beam splitter 3, strain gauge 4, treat whereabouts prism 5, reference prism 6, second beam splitter 7, first detector 8, second detector 9, coincidence measurement logic computer 10, atomic clock 11, controller.
Tangle source 1 and produce the entangled photons sequence comprising flashlight and idle light; Chronotron 2 is positioned in idle light path, for sequential control, adjustment chronotron 2 can adjust its time delay τ, make through treating position at the beginning of whereabouts prism 5, treating that the flashlight of Liang Ge position, whereabouts prism 5 last position interferes at the second beam splitter 7 place with idle light respectively, record process is treated the first position of whereabouts prism 5 and is τ with the flashlight time delay that idle light interferes at the second beam splitter 7 place
1, treat the last position of whereabouts prism 5 and be τ with the flashlight time delay that idle light interferes at the second beam splitter 7 place
2; First beam splitter 3 and the second beam splitter 7 are positioned over after chronotron 2 successively, before the first detector 8 and the second detector 9, for the beam splitting to flashlight and idle light; Strain gauge 4 be positioned over treat whereabouts prism 5 below, above the first beam splitter 3, whereabouts prism 5 is treated on the one hand for supporting, be used for stress sensing on the one hand, when dropping to (until the last position of whereabouts prism 5) on strain gauge 4 until whereabouts prism 5, stress signal is converted into electric signal by high sensitivity strain gauge 4, directly controls atomic clock timing; Treat that whereabouts prism 5 is positioned over (for treating whereabouts prism 5 just position) directly over strain gauge 4, as measuring media; Reference prism 6 is positioned over the lower right for the treatment of whereabouts prism 5, adopts long period seismograph to hang laser interference device, for reducing the micro-vibration in ground on the impact of gravity precision measurement; Second beam splitter 7 is positioned at the upper right side of the first beam splitter 3 rear, reference prism 6; First detector 8 and the second detector 9 are positioned over two exit ends of the second beam splitter 7 respectively, for Received signal strength light and idle light, and the signal received are outputted to coincidence measurement logic computer 10; Coincidence measurement logic computer 10 receives the electric signal that the first detector 8, second detector 9 detects rear generation, and carries out meeting association counting; Atomic clock 11 is connected with strain gauge 4, for providing first last position time measurement benchmark and recording two position moment t
1and t
2; Controller uses delay inequality and first last position mistiming to calculate acceleration of gravity.
Tangle source 1 and produce entangled photons sequence, flashlight in entangled photons sequence is incided the first beam splitter 3, first beam splitter 3 pairs flashlight reflects, along direction transmission straight up, incide treat whereabouts prism 5 just position treat whereabouts prism 5, treat that prism 5 pairs of flashlights in whereabouts carry out retroeflection, propagate along direction straight down, incide reference prism 6, after reference prism 6 retroeflection, deliver to the second beam splitter 7, idle light in entangled photons sequence is delivered to chronotron 2, chronotron 2 incides the first beam splitter 3 after adjusting the time delay τ of idle light, the second beam splitter 7 is delivered to after first beam splitter 3 carries out transmission, treat that the flashlight of the first position of whereabouts prism 5 interferes with process, second beam splitter 7 reflects and transmission the flashlight and idle light of launching interference, first detector 8 detects the light after the second beam splitter 7 reflection, produce the first electric signal and deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer 10, second detector 9 detects the light after the second beam splitter 7 transmission, produce the second electric signal and deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer 10, coincidence measurement logic computer 10 receives the first electric signal, the signal exported detector after second electric signal does and meets association counting, if meet association to be counted as 0, then prove to carry out the idle light of time delay through chronotron 2 and pass through the equivalent optical path that the flashlight reflected arrives the second beam splitter 7, there is destructive interference, two photons are exported from the homonymy of the second beam splitter 7, the now time delay of chronotron 2 is τ
1if meet association to be counted as 1, then prove that the light path arriving the second beam splitter 7 through the idle light of chronotron 2 time delay and the flashlight through reflecting is unequal, two photons export from the both sides of beam splitter respectively, chronotron 2 is now needed to readjust time delay τ, until meet association to be counted as 0, by time delay τ
1deliver to controller.
Obtain meeting the time delay τ associating chronotron 2 when being counted as 0
1after, carry out gravimetry, treat that whereabouts prism 5 does the movement of falling object, the first moment t starting the motion of atomic clock 11 recoding free falling body while whereabouts prism 5 does the movement of falling object treated by synchronous device
1, until whereabouts prism 5 after freely falling body after a while, drop on strain gauge 4, after strain gauge receives signal, control the last moment t of atomic clock recoding free falling body motion simultaneously
2.Treat that whereabouts prism 5 drops to strain gauge 4, namely arrive behind the last position of whereabouts prism 5, tangle source 1 and produce entangled photons sequence, flashlight in entangled photons sequence is incided the first beam splitter 3, first beam splitter 3 pairs flashlight reflects, along direction transmission straight up, incide treat the last position of whereabouts prism 5 treat whereabouts prism 5, treat that prism 5 pairs of flashlights in whereabouts carry out retroeflection, along direction propagation straight down, incide reference prism 6, after reference prism 6 retroeflection, deliver to the second beam splitter 7, idle light in entangled photons sequence is delivered to chronotron 2, chronotron 2 incides the first beam splitter 3 after adjusting the time delay τ of idle light, the second beam splitter 7 is delivered to after first beam splitter 3 carries out transmission, treat that the flashlight of the first position of whereabouts prism 5 interferes with process, second beam splitter 7 reflects and transmission the flashlight and idle light of launching interference, first detector 8 detects the light after the second beam splitter 7 reflection, produce the first electric signal and deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer 10, second detector 9 detects the light after the second beam splitter 7 transmission, produce the second electric signal and deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer 10, coincidence measurement logic computer 10 receives the first electric signal, the signal exported detector after second electric signal does and meets association counting, if meet association to be counted as 0, then prove to carry out the idle light of time delay through chronotron 2 and pass through the equivalent optical path that the flashlight reflected arrives the second beam splitter 7, there is destructive interference, two photons are exported from the homonymy of the second beam splitter 7, the now time delay of chronotron 2 is τ
2if meet association to be counted as 1, then prove that the light path arriving the second beam splitter 7 through the idle light of chronotron 2 time delay and the flashlight through reflecting is unequal, two photons export from the both sides of beam splitter respectively, chronotron 2 is now needed to readjust time delay τ, until meet association to be counted as 0, by time delay τ
2deliver to controller.Controller receives τ
1, τ
2after, from atomic clock 11, read just last position moment t
1and t
2, and according to chronotron time delay Δ τ=τ
2-τ
1value and first last position atomic clock 11 time interval Δ t=t
2-t
1value, calculate acceleration of gravity
Gravity meter of the present invention requires the first beam splitter 3, treats that whereabouts prism 5, second beam splitter 7 light beam that is incident or reflection is normal beam, and therefore need to regulate above-mentioned optical device, the light beam absolute vertical direction making it produce upwards is transmitted.Be illustrated in figure 2 the verticality control method of light beam in gravity meter of the present invention, the system realizing the method structure comprise laser 12, first beam splitter 3, treat whereabouts prism 5, tank 13, second beam splitter 7, calibration retroreflective prism 14.
Wherein, laser 12 is irradiated to the first beam splitter 3, through the first beam splitter 3 beam splitting, part laser is reflected (measuring beam) by the first beam splitter 3, is transferred to straight up and treats on whereabouts prism 5, through after whereabouts prism 5 retroeflection, transmission is straight down irradiated on tank 13 liquid level, after the reflection of tank 13 liquid level, return along original optical path, be irradiated on the first beam splitter 3, another part laser is by the first beam splitter 3 transmission (reference beam), be irradiated on the second beam splitter 7 straight, reflect through the second beam splitter 7, be irradiated on calibration retroreflective prism 14, return along original optical path after calibration retroreflective prism 14 reflects, be irradiated on the first beam splitter 3, measuring beam and reference beam meet and interfere on the first beam splitter 3, control survey beam direction is carried out by regulating two beam splitters, if the interference fringe observed presents uniform circular light spot, then measuring beam upwards transmits along absolute vertical direction, if the interference fringe observed does not present uniform circular light spot, then measuring beam does not upwards transmit along absolute vertical direction, two beam splitters are regulated to carry out control survey beam direction until the interference fringe observed does not present uniform circular light spot.Control method of the present invention can be used for regulating light path of the present invention, to guarantee stability and the accuracy of measurement result, and does not need mobile original optical device, simple.
The content be not described in detail in instructions of the present invention belongs to the known technology of those skilled in the art.
Claims (1)
1. the Novel gravity instrument based on HOM principle of interference, it is characterized in that comprising the source of tangling (1), chronotron (2), the first beam splitter (3), strain gauge (4), treating whereabouts prism (5), reference prism (6), the second beam splitter (7), the first detector (8), the second detector (9), coincidence measurement logic computer (10), atomic clock (11), controller, wherein
Tangle source (1), the the first entangled photons sequence comprising flashlight and idle light is produced when being positioned at first position until whereabouts prism (5), idle light in first entangled photons sequence is delivered to chronotron (2), flashlight in first entangled photons sequence is delivered to the first beam splitter (3), after whereabouts prism (5) freely falling body to last position, produce the second entangled photons sequence comprising flashlight and idle light, and the idle light in the second entangled photons sequence is delivered to chronotron (2), flashlight in second entangled photons sequence is delivered to the first beam splitter (3),
Chronotron (2), delivers to the first beam splitter (3) after adjusting the time delay of the idle light in the idle light in the first entangled photons sequence, the second entangled photons sequence respectively;
First beam splitter (3), make two bundle flashlights along direction transmission straight up after reflecting the flashlight in the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence, the second entangled photons sequence, that the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence is delivered to first position treats whereabouts prism (5), that the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence is delivered to last position treats whereabouts prism (5), delivers to the second beam splitter (7) to the idle light in the first entangled photons sequence after time delay, the idle light in the second entangled photons sequence respectively after carrying out transmission;
Strain gauge (4), when when whereabouts prism (5) freely falling body is to last position, control atomic clock (11) is recorded and is treated the moment t of whereabouts prism (5) freely falling body to last position
2;
Treat whereabouts prism (5), the flashlight edge direction transmission straight down in the first entangled photons sequence is made after flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence reflected the first beam splitter (3) when the first position of strain gauge (4) top reflects, deliver to reference prism (6), after freely falling body to strain gauge (4), make the flashlight edge direction transmission straight down in the second entangled photons sequence after flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence reflect the first beam splitter (3) reflects, deliver to reference prism (6);
Reference prism (6), reflects and deliver to the second beam splitter (7) after the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence that whereabouts prism (5) reflects, the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence;
Second beam splitter (7), carry out reflecting and transmission after receiving the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence after interfering and the idle light in the first entangled photons sequence, carry out reflecting and transmission after receiving the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence after interfering and the idle light in the second entangled photons sequence;
First detector (8), detect the light signal after the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence interfered that the second beam splitter (7) reflects and the idle light in the first entangled photons sequence, produce the first electric signal and deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer (10), detect the light signal after the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence interfered that the second beam splitter (7) reflects and the idle light in the second entangled photons sequence, produce the 3rd electric signal and also deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer (10);
Second detector (9), detect the light signal after the flashlight in the first entangled photons sequence interfered of the second beam splitter (7) transmission and the idle light in the first entangled photons sequence, produce the second electric signal and deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer (10), detect the light signal after the flashlight in the second entangled photons sequence interfered of the second beam splitter (7) transmission and the idle light in the second entangled photons sequence, produce the 4th electric signal and deliver to coincidence measurement logic computer (10);
Coincidence measurement logic computer (10), do two signals after receiving the first electric signal, the second electric signal and meet association counting, record meets chronotron (2) the time delay τ that association is counted as 0 correspondence
1, the signal exported detector after receiving the 3rd electric signal, the 4th electric signal does and meets association counting, and record meets chronotron (2) the time delay τ that association is counted as 0 correspondence
2, and by time delay τ
1, time delay τ
2deliver to controller;
Atomic clock (11), recording the moment for the treatment of whereabouts prism (5) beginning freely falling body is t
1, record treat whereabouts prism (5) freely falling body to last position moment and be designated as t
2;
Controller, receives the time delay τ that coincidence measurement logic computer (10) sends
1, time delay τ
2, and read the t that atomic clock (11) records
1, t
2after calculate acceleration of gravity
wherein, c is the light velocity, Δ τ=τ
2-τ
1, Δ t=t
2-t
1; Described initial position is set to treats that whereabouts prism (5) does not start the position of freely falling body in strain gauge (4) top; Described last position for until whereabouts prism (5) freely falling body to position time strain gauge (4).
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| CN108802841A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-13 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Light path regulating device, method and gravimeter |
| CN109061755A (en) * | 2018-07-22 | 2018-12-21 | 四川大学 | High-precision microgravity acceleration measurement device and measurement method based on the weak measurement of quantum |
| CN111277328A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-12 | 电子科技大学 | System and method for measuring group velocity dispersion in optical waveguide |
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| CN106597467A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-04-26 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | HOM interference principle-based range finder |
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| CN111277328A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-12 | 电子科技大学 | System and method for measuring group velocity dispersion in optical waveguide |
| CN111277328B (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-02-12 | 电子科技大学 | System and method for measuring group velocity dispersion in optical waveguide |
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