CN104749623B - A kind of imaging of seismic data processing method - Google Patents

A kind of imaging of seismic data processing method Download PDF

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CN104749623B
CN104749623B CN201410587602.1A CN201410587602A CN104749623B CN 104749623 B CN104749623 B CN 104749623B CN 201410587602 A CN201410587602 A CN 201410587602A CN 104749623 B CN104749623 B CN 104749623B
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ripples
gaussian beam
imaging
elastodynamics
formula
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CN104749623A (en
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钱芳林
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Shaanxi Yibufeng Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Chongqing Master Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a kind of imaging of seismic data processing method, according to the dominant frequency of seismic data and frequency range selection reference frequency and highest frequency, and then vector Gaussian beam original width is determined according to exploratory area P- and S-wave velocity field size, so as to give initial ray parameter space;It is then based on earth's surface obliquity information and elastodynamics Gaussian beam is directly emitted at focus and receiving point, and carry out kinematics ray tracing and kinetics ray-tracing, during asks for the travelling of elastodynamics Gaussian beam and amplitude information;Finally, according to the travelling of elastodynamics Gaussian beam when, amplitude and polarity information, corresponding single track PP ripples and PS ripples are calculated into picture value using cross-correlation image-forming condition, and then single-shot PP ripples and PS ripples are tried to achieve into picture value to per pass circulation, the PP ripples of all big guns are overlapped respectively with PS ripples into picture value and just obtain final PP ripples and PS ripple imaging sections.

Description

A kind of imaging of seismic data processing method
Technical field
The invention belongs to seism processing field, specifically a kind of imaging of seismic data processing method.
Background technology
With deepening continuously for exploration and development, the center of gravity of oil-gas exploration, which just turns to, has complicated landform and complicated subsurface geology Double complex regions of body, geological data also gradually develop into elastic wave data by P wave data.However, near surface elevation and speed Spend under the MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY of acute variation, conventional static correction distorts to caused by wave field can have a strong impact on migration imaging quality. Because multi-wave and multi-component data comprehensively and more can truly reflect underground medium and formation lithology information, develop double complicated bars The method that Elastic Wave Migration imaging is directly carried out under part has been increasingly becoming the focus in seismic data process field.
To solve influence of the MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY to migration imaging, many scholars have carried out substantial amounts of research.The first kind is Complicated landform offset imaging method based on ACOUSTIC WAVE EQUATION.Reference plane continuation of the Wiggins (1984) based on geological data, propose It is applied to the Kirchhoff offset methods of MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY, and Alkhalifah and Bagaini is equivalent by setting one Speed carries out base-level correction;Gray (2005) then proposes a kind of local static correction Gaussian beam suitable for complicated earth surface and offset Method.Berryhill(1979;1984) method for then proposing wave equation datuming.Then, Yilmaz and Lucas (1986), Schneider and Pillip etc. (1995), binder course replaces on this basis by Bevc (1997) and Yang etc. (1999) The method is further developed for thought.Above method is all based on " skew indirectly " imaging method of base-level correction, although Base-level correction can effectively eliminate relief surface and be distorted to caused by lineups, but the cross directional variations of near-surface velocity can be tight Ghost image rings the precision of base-level correction.The defects of for base-level correction, Reshef (1991), Beasley and Lynn (1992), The bright grade (2008) of He Ying etc. (2002), Shragge (2005), Cheng Jiubing (2006), Ye Yue and Lv Bin etc. (2011) successively carry A variety of " directly skew " imaging methods based on wave equation are gone out to solve the problems, such as complicated earth surface.Xu Yi (2008) then uses triangle Gridding method realizes sound wave reverse-time migration in the case of relief surface.Liu Hongwei etc. (2011) is to earth's surface free boundary using filtering Method, relief surface sound wave reverse-time migration is realized with GPU.However, under complex near surface conditionss, ray class method have concurrently flexibly, The advantages that efficient.Gray etc. (1995) has developed directly carries out the method, Jager etc. of Kirchhoff skews in complicated earth surface (2003) (2009) and Liu Guofeng etc. such as guarantor's width Kirchhoff offset methods, Dong Chunhui under the conditions of relief surface are proposed (2010) flow and the application of the direct time migration of relief surface are successively proposed based on Kirchhoff operators.Yue etc. (2010) Propose a kind of method for directly carrying out protecting the skew of width Gaussian beam in relief surface.Conventional Gaussian beam migration operator described above All grown up according to local dip superposition theory, Huang Jianping etc. (2014) has then been developed a kind of double multiple based on ACOUSTIC WAVE EQUATION Non-inclined is superimposed accurate beam offset imaging method under the conditions of miscellaneous, and has obtained preferable imaging effect.Second class is based on elasticity The complicated landform offset imaging method of wave equation.During traditional multi-component earthquake data processing, ripple is often first passed through Field separation, is then individually imaged to the P ripples after separation and S ripples.However, remnants during wave field separation often be present Non- type wave energy, the much noise in imaging results can be caused, have a strong impact on image quality.In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars Based on horizontal surface conditions, it is proposed that elastic wave reverse-time migration and elastic wave Kirchhoff skews.Yue Yubo (2011) is then proposed Elastic wave Gaussian beam offset method, this method have taken into account imaging precision and computational efficiency.And the bullet based on MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY Property ripple offset imaging method research be still in starting stage, Huang Jianping etc. (2014) according to local dip superposition theory, propose A kind of Gaussian beam offset method based on non-separation multi-component earthquake data under the conditions of relief surface.However, due to beam center There are horizontal range difference and depth displacement between position and receiving point, the method needs to introduce phase correction factor with approximation sign Green Function, when horizontal range difference is larger, amplitude error caused by this approximation can not be ignored, especially when landform big rise and fall and closely When earth's surface velocity variations are violent, above-mentioned approximate processing can greatly reduce the effect of migration imaging.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention at western part of China and southern mountain front exploratory area multiwave multicomponent earthquake data imaging The problem of reason, it is proposed that a kind of imaging of seismic data processing method, in the elastic wave height that double complex conditions are handled based on single track This beam Depth Domain imaging technique, using non-separation multiwave multicomponent earthquake data and p-and s-wave velocity field as input, utilize earth's surface Obliquity information, the backward extension vector wave field of decoupling is characterized by being emitted elastodynamics Gaussian beam at each receiving point (longitudinal and transverse wave field), and picture value is asked for into using cross-correlation image-forming condition.
The present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) reference frequency ω is chosen according to the dominant frequency of multiwave multicomponent earthquake data and frequency bandwidthrAnd highest frequency ωh
(2) according to following criterion, elastodynamics Gaussian beam original width is calculated:
(formula 1)
In formula:It is the geometrical mean of V-shaped ripple (compressional wave or shear wave) velocity field,
(3) V-shaped ripple initial ray parameter space is:
(formula 2)
(4) earth's surface elevation, inclination angle and p-and s-wave velocity information are based on, and with reference to selected by above-mentioned 1,2,3 steps and is counted The parameter of calculation, using single track processing mode, elastodynamics Gaussian beam is directly emitted at focus and receiving point respectively, and pass through Solve kinematics ray tracing equation 3 and kinetics ray-tracing equation 4 and then elastodynamics Gaussian beam is calculated Travelling when and amplitude information, then try to achieve the backward extension vector wave field decoupled under complex near surface conditionss, as shown in Equation 5;
(formula 3)
(formula 4)
(formula 5)
In formula, wherein, W1 v(xr)、W2 v(xr) it is the weights relevant with p-and s-wave velocity and polarization vector, For receiving point xrDisplacement caused by place at x, ρ (xr) it is xrLocate Media density, S is the free earth's surface of rising and falling, u1(xr, ω) and u2 (xr, ω) and it is respectively horizontal and vertical component seismic record;
(5) PP ripples and PS ripples based on single track processing under the complex near surface conditionss derived according to cross-correlation image-forming condition into As formula, using elastodynamics Gaussian beam travelling when, amplitude and polarity information calculate corresponding single track into picture value;
(6) the computing flow of 4,5 steps is repeated, calculate single-shot into picture value, most all big guns are folded into picture value at last Add to obtain required imaging section, the PP ripples and PS ripple single-shot migration imaging formula such as formula that double complex conditions are handled based on single track Shown in 6a-6b:
(formula 6a)
(formula 6b)
In formula,It is to correspond to V-shaped ripple in xrThe initial slowness vector at place, φ are that P ripples enter Firing angle degree, sgn (φ) are sign function;
Single track processing side is utilized during the beneficial effect of the present invention vector wave field that backward extension decouples under MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY Formula, it can effectively avoid amplitude error caused by the common elastic ripple Gaussian beam skew based on local dip superposition theory, divide Resolution error and noise problem, it is a kind of high-precision migration and imaging techniques based on non-separation multiwave multicomponent earthquake data.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 b are respectively Zhongyuan Oil Field FAULT MODEL compressional wave and shear wave velocity field.This model has typical small hill Cheuch complicated earth surface, and the medium and deep of model includes well-developed fault tectonic, is the target area of oil-gas exploration.Model Parameter is as follows:Model meshes are 436 × 600, and vertically and horizontally sampling interval is respectively 4 meters and 10 meters;
Fig. 2 a and 2b are respectively corresponding single-shot z-component and x-component record.Earthquake big gun data 157 big gun altogether, big gun is at intervals of 20 Rice, Mei Bao 121 are received, and 4000 sampled points of per pass, sample rate is 0.5 millisecond, and road is at intervals of 10 meters;
Fig. 3 a and 3c are respectively the PP ripples and PS ripple imaging sections of conventional method;
Fig. 3 b and 3d are respectively using the PP ripples after the present invention and PS ripple imaging sections.
Embodiment
For make the present invention above and other purpose, feature and advantage become apparent, it is cited below particularly go out preferable implementation Example, and coordinate institute's accompanying drawings, it is described in detail below:
(1) P- and S-wave velocity model (Fig. 1 a-1b) and corresponding unsegregated multi-wave and multi-component big gun record (Fig. 2 a- are chosen 2b) as input.Rate pattern grid is 436 × 600, and transverse and longitudinal spacing distance is respectively 4 meters and 10 meters.Earthquake big gun data are total to Have 157 big guns, big gun is at intervals of 20 meters, and Mei Bao 121 is received, 4000 sampled points of per pass, and sample rate is 0.5 millisecond, road at intervals of 10 meters;
(2) suitable reference frequency 10Hz and highest frequency are chosen according to the dominant frequency of earthquake big gun data and frequency bandwidth 50Hz, and then calculate initial beamwidth and initial ray parameter space according to formula 1 and formula 2;
(3) focus and reception are determined according to the observation system described in the information such as earth's surface elevation, inclination angle and above-mentioned steps 1 Point is in the position of complicated earth surface, then direct outgoing elastodynamics Gaussian beam and when calculating its travelling and amplitude information;
(4) when being travelled according to the elastodynamics Gaussian beam asked in step 3, amplitude information and its polarity information, application Cross-correlation image-forming condition calculates corresponding single track PP ripples and PS ripples into picture value;
(5) repeat step 3 and 4, single-shot PP ripples and PS ripples are calculated into picture value, most at last the PP ripples of all big guns and PS ripples into Picture value is overlapped to obtain required PP ripples and PS ripple imaging section Fig. 3 b and Fig. 3 d respectively.
It can be seen that from Fig. 3 b and 3d:(1) the either imaging of PP ripples or the imaging of PS ripples clearly reflects rough ground The well-developed fault tectonic of table and underground;(2) because conversion S wave velocities are smaller than p wave interval velocity thus same in PS ripple imaging results Phase axle has the longitudinal frame higher than PP imaging results;(3) PS areas imagings are wider than PP areas imaging, and this is due to turn It is smaller than P wave reflections angle to change the angle of reflection of S ripples, so wave detector can receive the conversion S from the broader scope of subsurface interface Ripple information.(4) in model deep layer, PS ripples imaging energy ratio PP ripple imaging energy is weak, because incident in deep layer P ripples low-angle In the case of caused conversion S wave energies it is weaker caused by.
Comparison diagram 3a and 3b and Fig. 3 c and 3d respectively, it can be found that:Relative to conventional relief surface elastic wave Gaussian beam The imaging of offset method, either PP ripples or the imaging of PS ripples, imaging effect of the invention is preferable, eliminates due to conventional method The amplitude error caused by relatively large distance between middle beam center position and receiving point be present, the deep layer shown in dashed rectangle especially in figure Target exploration region shows that the imaging energy of context of methods is significantly stronger than conventional method, has more clearly been imaged well-developed disconnected Layer construction, imaging results then embody superiority of the present invention compared to conventional method.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of imaging of seismic data processing method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) reference frequency ω is chosen according to the dominant frequency of multiwave multicomponent earthquake data and frequency bandwidthrAnd highest frequency ωh
(2) elastodynamics Gaussian beam original width is calculated:
In formula:It is the geometrical mean of V-shaped ripple (compressional wave or shear wave) velocity field,
(3) V-shaped ripple initial ray parameter space is:
(4) according to earth's surface elevation, inclination angle and p-and s-wave velocity information, with reference to selected by above-mentioned (1), (2), (3) step and count The parameter of calculation, using single track processing mode, elastodynamics Gaussian beam is directly emitted at focus and receiving point respectively, and pass through Solve kinematics ray tracing equation 3 and kinetics ray-tracing equation 4 and then elastodynamics Gaussian beam is calculated Travelling when and amplitude information, then try to achieve the backward extension vector wave field decoupled under complex near surface conditionss, as shown in Equation 5;
In formula, wherein, W1 v(xr)、It is the weights relevant with p-and s-wave velocity and polarization vector,To receive Point xrDisplacement caused by place at x, ρ (xr) it is xrLocate Media density, S is the free earth's surface of rising and falling, u1(xr, ω) and u2(xr, ω) it is respectively horizontal and vertical component seismic record;
(5) the PP ripples under the complex near surface conditionss derived according to cross-correlation image-forming condition based on single track processing and PS ripples are imaged public Formula, using elastodynamics Gaussian beam travelling when, amplitude and polarity information calculate corresponding single track into picture value;
(6) (4), the computing flow of (5) step are repeated, calculate single-shot into picture value, most all big guns are folded into picture value at last Add to obtain required imaging section, the PP ripples and PS ripple single-shot migration imaging formula such as formula that double complex conditions are handled based on single track Shown in 6a-6b:
In formula,It is to correspond to V-shaped ripple in xrThe initial slowness vector at place, φ are P ripple incidence angles Degree, sgn (φ) is sign function.
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CN106842308A (en) * 2015-12-04 2017-06-13 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of non-horizontal earth's surface direct continuation beam offset method in seismic prospecting
CN106597540B (en) 2016-12-30 2017-10-31 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 Gaussian beam offset imaging method and device
CN106772585B (en) * 2017-01-26 2018-11-09 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 A kind of quasi- analysis method and device of the optimization decoupling equation based on elastic wave
CN109655882A (en) * 2017-10-10 2019-04-19 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Seismic forward modeling method and apparatus based on Gaussian beam wave-field simulation
CN112068197B (en) * 2020-08-24 2022-03-18 西南科技大学 Fracture cracking scale description method based on seismic wave dynamic parameters

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