CN104749031A - Measurement jig and measurement method for rotary blade - Google Patents
Measurement jig and measurement method for rotary blade Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于机械测试领域，具体涉及一种旋转叶片测量夹具及测量方法。 The invention belongs to the field of mechanical testing, and in particular relates to a rotating blade measuring fixture and a measuring method.
背景技术 Background technique
旋转机械在现代航空、航海以及能源领域都有广泛应用，叶片作为旋转机械的主要零部件之一，在工作中直接对介质做功，起着转换能量的作用，因而被誉为旋转机械的“心脏”。叶片在高速旋转工作过程中，由于叶片自身的质量导致产生强大的离心力载荷，加之叶片旋转过程中不可避免的会有振动的交变载荷，在一定的条件下使叶片产生疲劳裂纹。离心力和振动的相互作用下，裂纹继续扩大，直到剩余的承力面积不足以承受离心力造成的应力时，叶片将折断，折断的碎片可能飞出机匣外，或打伤其余叶片，造成严重事故。因此，在设计制造叶片的过程中，必须对叶片的静强度、动强度和安全性进行校核，对叶片的振动特性参数进行测量，研究其振动过程中的一些特性，尤其是对高速旋转叶片动强度考核、动力学特性参数及其在高速旋转过程中产生的离心拉力的测量，对于提高设计水平、确保装备长期稳定运行、提高维护效率具有重要意义。 Rotating machinery is widely used in modern aviation, navigation and energy fields. As one of the main components of rotating machinery, blades directly perform work on the medium during work and play a role in converting energy. Therefore, they are known as the "heart" of rotating machinery. ". During the high-speed rotation of the blade, strong centrifugal force loads are generated due to the quality of the blade itself. In addition, there will inevitably be alternating loads of vibration during the rotation of the blade, which will cause fatigue cracks in the blade under certain conditions. Under the interaction of centrifugal force and vibration, the crack will continue to expand until the remaining load-bearing area is not enough to bear the stress caused by centrifugal force, the blade will break, and the broken fragments may fly out of the casing, or damage the remaining blades, causing serious accidents . Therefore, in the process of designing and manufacturing blades, it is necessary to check the static strength, dynamic strength and safety of the blades, measure the vibration characteristic parameters of the blades, and study some characteristics during the vibration process, especially for high-speed rotating blades. Dynamic strength assessment, dynamic characteristic parameters and the measurement of centrifugal force generated during high-speed rotation are of great significance for improving the design level, ensuring long-term stable operation of equipment, and improving maintenance efficiency.
目前，由于大多数旋转机械内部结构复杂，且运行过程中叶片处于高速旋转状态，现有的技术手段还很难实现直接对旋转叶片动强度考核和离心拉力的测量，仅仅通过理论计算和数值分析计算的方法进行这方面的安全性校核。为了进一步了解旋转叶片的动力学特性和机理，探索叶片受损破坏的规律，迫切地需要对旋转叶片进行动强度考核和离心拉力测量，用于改进叶片的设计制造，避免安全事故的发生。 At present, due to the complex internal structure of most rotating machines and the fact that the blades are in a state of high-speed rotation during operation, it is still difficult to directly assess the dynamic strength of the rotating blades and measure the centrifugal force with existing technical means. Only through theoretical calculations and numerical analysis Calculation methods are used to check the safety of this aspect. In order to further understand the dynamic characteristics and mechanism of rotating blades and explore the law of blade damage, it is urgent to conduct dynamic strength assessment and centrifugal force measurement on rotating blades to improve the design and manufacture of blades and avoid safety accidents.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是：提供一种旋转叶片测量夹具及测量方法，能够实现对待测旋转叶片在不同拉力作用下以及叶榫受到不同夹紧力作用下叶片振动情况的研究。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a measuring fixture and measuring method for a rotating blade, which can realize the research on the vibration of the rotating blade under different pulling forces and different clamping forces on the tenons.
本发明为解决上述技术问题所采取的技术方案为：一种旋转叶片测量夹具，其特征在于：它包括叶片夹紧装置、压力测量装置和拉力测量装置，其中叶片夹紧装置包括叶榫夹紧块、与叶片顶部连接的弹簧、以及架体； The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a rotating blade measuring fixture, which is characterized in that it includes a blade clamping device, a pressure measuring device and a tension measuring device, wherein the blade clamping device includes a tenon clamping blocks, springs connected to the top of the blades, and a frame;
叶榫夹紧块倾斜侧面与待测旋转叶片的叶榫接触，二者倾斜角度相等，压力测量装置包括压力传感器和压力施加装置，其中压力传感器设置在叶榫与压力施加装置之间； The inclined side of the blade tenon clamping block is in contact with the blade tenon of the rotating blade to be tested, and the inclination angles of the two are equal. The pressure measuring device includes a pressure sensor and a pressure applying device, wherein the pressure sensor is arranged between the blade tenon and the pressure applying device;
弹簧与所述的拉力测量装置连接，拉力测量装置包括拉力传感器和拉力施加装置，其中拉力传感器设置在拉力施加装置与弹簧之间； The spring is connected to the tension measuring device, the tension measuring device includes a tension sensor and a tension applying device, wherein the tension sensor is arranged between the tension applying device and the spring;
压力施加装置和拉力施加装置分别设置在架体上。 The pressure applying device and the pulling force applying device are respectively arranged on the frame body.
按上述方案，它还包括设置在叶片上的振动传感器。 According to the above scheme, it also includes vibration sensors arranged on the blades.
按上述方案，所述的架体包括底板、横梁、侧板、以及用于连接底板和横梁的支撑板，其中所述的压力施加装置设置在底板上，所述的拉力施加装置设置在横梁上，侧板设置在所述的压力测量装置两侧。 According to the above solution, the frame body includes a bottom plate, a beam, a side plate, and a support plate for connecting the bottom plate and the beam, wherein the pressure applying device is arranged on the bottom plate, and the tension applying device is arranged on the beam , the side plates are arranged on both sides of the pressure measuring device.
按上述方案，所述的压力传感器的顶杆通过一块叶榫垫片顶住叶榫底部，压力施加装置通过一块压力传感器垫片顶住压力传感器的底部。 According to the above solution, the push rod of the pressure sensor bears against the bottom of the tenon through a tenon gasket, and the pressure applying device bears against the bottom of the pressure sensor through a pressure sensor gasket.
一种利用上述旋转叶片测量夹具实现的测量方法，其特征在于：它包括以下步骤： A measuring method realized by using the above-mentioned rotating blade measuring fixture, is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
采用压力施加装置给叶榫施加不同的夹紧力，由压力传感器测量夹紧力大小，模拟高速旋转过程中由于待测旋转叶片离心拉力的作用使叶榫产生的夹紧力；模拟过程中，敲击待测旋转叶片没有设置振动传感器的一面，测量待测旋转叶片的振动频率，考察叶榫在不同夹紧力作用下待测旋转叶片的振动特性； The pressure application device is used to apply different clamping forces to the tenon, and the clamping force is measured by the pressure sensor, and the clamping force generated by the tenon due to the centrifugal force of the rotating blade to be tested is simulated during the high-speed rotation process; during the simulation process, Tap the side of the rotating blade to be tested without a vibration sensor, measure the vibration frequency of the rotating blade to be tested, and investigate the vibration characteristics of the blade tenon under different clamping forces;
通过拉力施加装置给待测旋转叶片施加不同的拉力，由拉力传感器测量拉力大小，模拟对待测旋转叶片的离心拉力；模拟过程中，敲击待测旋转叶片没有设置振动传感器的一面，测量待测旋转叶片在不同拉力作用下的振动频率，研究振动频率与拉力之间的关系。 Different tensions are applied to the rotating blade to be tested by the tension applying device, and the tension is measured by the tension sensor to simulate the centrifugal pulling force of the rotating blade to be tested; The vibration frequency of the rotating blade under different pulling forces is used to study the relationship between the vibration frequency and the pulling force.
本发明的有益效果为： The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、通过采用本发明装置和方法，实现了在高速旋转过程中由于叶片离心拉力的作用使叶榫产生不同夹紧力的模拟，以及对待测旋转叶片离心拉力的模拟，从而实现了对待测旋转叶片在不同拉力作用下以及叶榫受到不同夹紧力作用下叶片振动情况的研究。 1. By adopting the device and method of the present invention, the simulation of different clamping forces of the tenons due to the centrifugal force of the blade during high-speed rotation and the simulation of the centrifugal force of the rotating blade to be tested are realized, thereby realizing the Research on the vibration of blades under different tension and blade tenons under different clamping forces.
2、叶榫夹紧块是可以拆卸的，可以根据不同的叶榫安装不同的叶榫夹紧块，通过一个夹具可实现对多个测量对象进行测量的目的。 2. The tenon clamping block is detachable, and different tenon clamping blocks can be installed according to different tenons, and the purpose of measuring multiple measurement objects can be realized through one fixture.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明一实施例的结构示意图 Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of the present invention
图2为图1的俯视图 Figure 2 is a top view of Figure 1
图3为图2的AA剖面图 Figure 3 is the AA sectional view of Figure 2
图4为本发明一实施例的结构三维图 Fig. 4 is the structural three-dimensional diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
图中：1-底板、2-侧板、3-叶榫夹紧块、5-叶片、6-叶榫垫块、7-压力传感器、8-压力传感器垫块、9-螺纹顶杆、10-支撑板、11-横梁、12拉力传感器、13-调节螺母、14-弹簧、16-挡板。 In the figure: 1-bottom plate, 2-side plate, 3-leaf tenon clamping block, 5-blade, 6-leaf tenon pad, 7-pressure sensor, 8-pressure sensor pad, 9-thread ejector rod, 10 -support plate, 11-beam, 12 tension sensor, 13-adjusting nut, 14-spring, 16-baffle plate.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合具体实例和附图对本发明做进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples and accompanying drawings.
如图1至图4所示，一种旋转叶片测量夹具，包括叶片夹紧装置、压力测量装置和拉力测量装置，其中叶片夹紧装置包括叶榫夹紧块3、与叶片5顶部连接的弹簧14、以及架体；叶榫夹紧块3倾斜侧面与待测旋转叶片的叶榫接触，二者倾斜角度相等，压力测量装置包括压力传感器7和压力施加装置，其中压力传感器7设置在叶榫与压力施加装置之间；弹簧14与所述的拉力测量装置连接，拉力测量装置包括拉力传感器12和拉力施加装置，其中拉力传感器12设置在拉力施加装置与弹簧14之间；压力施加装置和拉力施加装置分别设置在架体上。 As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a rotating blade measuring fixture includes a blade clamping device, a pressure measuring device and a tension measuring device, wherein the blade clamping device includes a tenon clamping block 3 and a spring connected to the top of the blade 5 14. And the frame body; the inclined side of the blade tenon clamping block 3 is in contact with the blade tenon of the rotating blade to be tested, and the inclination angles of the two are equal. The pressure measuring device includes a pressure sensor 7 and a pressure applying device, wherein the pressure sensor 7 is arranged on the blade tenon Between the pressure application device; the spring 14 is connected with the tension measuring device, and the tension measurement device includes a tension sensor 12 and a tension application device, wherein the tension sensor 12 is arranged between the tension application device and the spring 14; the pressure application device and the tension The applying devices are respectively arranged on the frame bodies.
它还包括设置在叶片5上的振动传感器，优选的，该振动传感器选用光纤光栅传感器。 It also includes a vibration sensor arranged on the blade 5, preferably, the vibration sensor is a fiber grating sensor.
所述的架体包括底板1、横梁11、侧板2、以及用于连接底板1和横梁11的支撑板10，其中所述的压力施加装置设置在底板1上，所述的拉力施加装置设置在横梁11上，侧板2设置在所述的压力测量装置两侧。 The frame body includes a base plate 1, a beam 11, a side plate 2, and a support plate 10 for connecting the base plate 1 and the beam 11, wherein the pressure applying device is arranged on the base plate 1, and the tension applying device is provided On the beam 11, side plates 2 are arranged on both sides of the pressure measuring device.
所述的压力传感器7的顶杆通过一块叶榫垫片6顶住叶榫底部，压力施加装置通过一块压力传感器垫片8顶住压力传感器7的底部。 The push rod of the pressure sensor 7 bears against the bottom of the tenon through a tenon gasket 6 , and the pressure applying device bears against the bottom of the pressure sensor 7 through a pressure sensor gasket 8 .
为了使得叶榫夹紧块3能够更好的起到夹紧作用，在叶榫夹紧块3和支撑板10之间设有挡板16。 In order to enable the tenon clamping block 3 to better perform the clamping function, a baffle plate 16 is provided between the tenon clamping block 3 and the support plate 10 .
本实施例中，所述的压力施加装置为螺纹顶杆9；所述的拉力施加装置为与拉力传感器连接的螺杆，螺杆穿过横梁，并在横梁的外侧设有调节螺母13。 In this embodiment, the pressure applying device is a threaded mandrel 9; the tension applying device is a screw connected to the tension sensor, the screw passes through the beam, and an adjusting nut 13 is provided outside the beam.
一种利用上述旋转叶片测量夹具实现的测量方法，它包括以下步骤： A measurement method realized by utilizing the above-mentioned rotating blade measurement fixture, it comprises the following steps:
采用压力施加装置给叶榫施加不同的夹紧力，由压力传感器测量夹紧力大小，模拟高速旋转过程中由于待测旋转叶片离心拉力的作用使叶榫产生的夹紧力；模拟过程中，敲击待测旋转叶片没有设置振动传感器的一面，测量待测旋转叶片的振动频率，考察叶榫在不同夹紧力作用下待测旋转叶片的振动特性； The pressure application device is used to apply different clamping forces to the tenon, and the clamping force is measured by the pressure sensor, and the clamping force generated by the tenon due to the centrifugal force of the rotating blade to be tested is simulated during the high-speed rotation process; during the simulation process, Tap the side of the rotating blade to be tested without a vibration sensor, measure the vibration frequency of the rotating blade to be tested, and investigate the vibration characteristics of the blade tenon under different clamping forces;
通过拉力施加装置给待测旋转叶片施加不同的拉力，由拉力传感器测量拉力大小，模拟对待测旋转叶片的离心拉力；模拟过程中，敲击待测旋转叶片没有设置振动传感器的一面，测量待测旋转叶片在不同拉力作用下的振动频率，研究振动频率与拉力之间的关系。 Different tensions are applied to the rotating blade to be tested by the tension applying device, and the tension is measured by the tension sensor to simulate the centrifugal pulling force of the rotating blade to be tested; The vibration frequency of the rotating blade under different pulling forces is used to study the relationship between the vibration frequency and the pulling force.
进一步的，本实施例中，架体各零部件通过螺栓连接。两块可拆卸叶榫夹紧块倾斜侧面的倾斜角大小与叶榫侧面倾斜角大小相同。不同的叶片叶榫侧面倾斜角不同，可以更换不同的叶榫夹紧块。两个压力传感器的顶杆通过一块叶榫垫片顶住叶榫底部，螺纹顶杆通过一块压力传感器垫片顶住两个压力传感器的底部。调节螺纹顶杆的长度，给叶榫底部施加压力，两个叶榫夹紧块的倾斜面与叶榫底部平面构成一个三角形空间，从而将叶榫固定夹紧。顶杆螺母给叶榫底部施加的压力通过压力传感器可以测量得到，又已知叶榫侧面的倾斜角，因而可以通过计算得到叶榫两个侧面的受力大小。 Further, in this embodiment, the components of the frame body are connected by bolts. The inclination angles of the inclined sides of the two detachable tenon clamping blocks are the same as the inclination angles of the side surfaces of the tenon. Different blade tenons have different side inclination angles, and different tenon clamping blocks can be replaced. The ejector pins of the two pressure sensors bear against the bottom of the tenon through a leaf tenon gasket, and the threaded ejector pin bears against the bottom of the two pressure sensors through a pressure sensor gasket. Adjust the length of the threaded mandrel to apply pressure to the bottom of the tenon, the inclined surfaces of the two tenon clamping blocks and the bottom plane of the tenon form a triangular space, so that the tenon is fixed and clamped. The pressure exerted by the jack nut on the bottom of the tenon can be measured by the pressure sensor, and the inclination angle of the side of the tenon is known, so the force on the two sides of the tenon can be obtained by calculation.
叶片顶部通过弹簧与拉力传感器连接，拉力传感器通过一个焊接在拉力传感器底部的螺杆固定在横梁块上，螺杆可以通过螺母来调节，从而给弹簧施加拉力，拉力作用在叶片顶部，拉力的大小通过拉力传感器来测量。叶片顶部的连接件使用点焊的方式将一块带有小孔的铝制接耳焊接在叶片顶部，弹簧钩从孔中穿过，从而实现叶片与弹簧的连接。 The top of the blade is connected to the tension sensor through a spring. The tension sensor is fixed on the beam block through a screw welded at the bottom of the tension sensor. The screw can be adjusted by a nut to apply tension to the spring. The tension acts on the top of the blade. sensor to measure. The connecting piece at the top of the blade uses spot welding to weld an aluminum lug with a small hole on the top of the blade, and the spring hook passes through the hole to realize the connection between the blade and the spring.
叶片在高速旋转过程中，产生巨大的离心拉力，离心拉力将叶榫的两个侧面紧紧压在榫槽的两个面上。不同的转速产生的离心拉力也不相同，叶榫两个侧面受到的夹紧力也不相同，叶榫在不同的夹紧力作用下，其振动特性是不同的，因此，可以通过给叶榫施加不同的夹紧力，对叶片的振动特性进行研究。另外，根据旋转叶片动力刚化效应可知，不同的离心拉力作用下，叶片的刚度会发生变化，离心拉力越大，刚度越大，导致叶片的自振频率增大，因此，可以通过给叶片施加不同的拉力，通过测量其自振频率的变化，研究叶片的振动特性。 During the high-speed rotation of the blade, a huge centrifugal force is generated, and the centrifugal force presses the two sides of the blade tenon tightly against the two surfaces of the tenon groove. The centrifugal force produced by different rotation speeds is also different, and the clamping force on the two sides of the tenon is also different. Under different clamping forces, the vibration characteristics of the tenon are different. Therefore, it can be applied to the tenon by applying The vibration characteristics of the blades were studied with different clamping forces. In addition, according to the dynamic stiffening effect of the rotating blade, the stiffness of the blade will change under different centrifugal forces. The greater the centrifugal force, the greater the stiffness, resulting in an increase in the natural frequency of the blade. Different pulling forces, by measuring the change of its natural frequency, study the vibration characteristics of the blade.
本发明提供的旋转叶片测量夹具的测量过程分为对旋转叶片在不同拉力作用下以及叶榫受到不同夹紧力作用下叶片振动情况的研究。叶榫压力测量、叶片拉力测量、叶片振动频率测量，不同的测量实现不同的目的。一种目的：在叶片一个面上粘贴光纤光栅传感器后，安装在叶片夹具上，通过调节螺纹顶杆，给叶榫施加不同的压力，敲击叶片没有粘贴光纤光栅传感器的一面，测量叶片振动频率，考察叶榫在不同夹紧力作用下叶片的振动特性。一种目的：在叶片一个面上上粘贴光纤光栅传感器，在叶片顶部点焊铝薄片接耳，然后将叶片安装的夹具上，在确定的叶榫压力条件下，给叶片施加不同的拉力，敲击叶片未粘贴光纤光栅传感器的一面，测量叶片的振动频率，考察叶片在不同拉力作用下的振动频率，研究振动频率与拉力之间的关系。 The measurement process of the rotating blade measurement fixture provided by the present invention is divided into research on the vibration of the rotating blade under the action of different pulling forces and the blade tenon under the action of different clamping forces. Tenon pressure measurement, blade tension measurement, blade vibration frequency measurement, different measurements achieve different purposes. One purpose: After pasting the fiber grating sensor on one surface of the blade, install it on the blade fixture, apply different pressures to the blade tenon by adjusting the threaded ejector rod, tap the side of the blade that is not pasted with the fiber grating sensor, and measure the vibration frequency of the blade , to investigate the vibration characteristics of the blade tenon under different clamping forces. One purpose: Paste a fiber grating sensor on one surface of the blade, spot weld the lug of the aluminum sheet on the top of the blade, and then install the blade on the fixture, and apply different tensions to the blade under the determined tenon pressure condition, knock Hit the side of the blade that is not pasted with the fiber grating sensor, measure the vibration frequency of the blade, investigate the vibration frequency of the blade under different tension, and study the relationship between vibration frequency and tension.
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