CN104568351A - Damping-structure-optimized blade testing experiment table and experimental method thereof - Google Patents
Damping-structure-optimized blade testing experiment table and experimental method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a damping-structure-optimized blade testing experiment table and an experimental method thereof. The testing experiment table comprises a base rack, a blade root fixing device, a damping structure device and a shock excitation loading device. The experimental method comprises the following steps: (1) sequentially mounting the blade root fixing device, a to-be-tested blade, the damping structure device, the shock excitation loading device, a three-dimensional laser vibration measurement instrument and a connection data acquiring device; (2) regulating the position of a loading nut, and regulating positive pressure and the like between a friction damping block and a ball disc; (3) starting a data acquiring device and a vibration exciter, starting the three-dimensional laser vibration measurement instrument, meanwhile recording the mode of the ball disc, a friction damping positive pressure, a damping structure applying height, a vibration exciting rod height and an exciting force; (4) changing a parameter set in the step (2); (5) analyzing influences of the friction damping positive pressure, the damping structure applying height, the vibration exciting rod height, the exciting force and a friction structure contact surface on a vibration characteristic of the blade, and drawing a corresponding curve.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to experimental provision technical field, be specifically related to a kind of damping structure of turbine blade under actual motion state with damping structure and optimize blade testing experiment table and experimental technique thereof.
Background technology
Blade carries vital task steam thermal energy being converted into mechanical energy in steam turbine, is one of most important parts in steam turbine.Large-size steam turbine Leaf number often nearly several thousand, and be in operation and subject the acting in conjunction of centrifugal force, steady-state gas flow power and unstable state air-flow power.In addition, when steam turbine works under various off-design behaviour, the comparatively air flow exciting force etc. under the alterante stress and little volume operating mode that load variations brings to also be born.Various load effect makes the working environment of blade very complicated severe above, and blade accident happens occasionally, and vibrating fatigue is the main cause causing destroying, and dry damping structure is the very effective mode of one suppressing blade vibration.Each turbine making producer especially extensively adopts damping shroud and various lashing wire pattern (loose lashing wire, boss lashing wire etc.) on blade on middle linear leaf, to reduce the vibration stress of blade.
Damping shroud and boss lashing wire structure are widely used in the design of modern Long Turbine Blades, blade makes adjacent blades shroud contact with lashing wire by centrifugal action distortion and compresses, thus be used for dissipate vibrational energy by the dry friction between shroud and lashing wire surface of contact, reduce blade vibration stress, and make blade present whole circle vibration to improve its vibration characteristics.Chinese scholars proposes the mathematical model of Dry Sliding Friction and Wear Characteristics between multiple description surface of contact, but due to the complicacy of contact friction, be difficult to describe with a kind of general model, and study by experiment and can provide checking foundation reliably and model underlying parameter for theoretical analysis.
At present, domestic and international each producer is all only limitted to the shroud of fixed position or the damping structure of lashing wire for the test of blade damping characteristic, does not consider the impact for blade damping characteristic of diverse location, different normal pressure and different contact area.
Although damping shroud and boss lashing wire structure have obtained and used widely on blade, especially study mechanism is also very insufficient, for the optimization also wretched insufficiency of its structural behaviour in relevant research.So, carry out, for the damping structure position optimization research of particular vane under different operating mode effect, there is very large engineer applied value.
In addition, because steam turbine is towards more high-power and more high parameter development, the main cause that more linear leaf becomes inexorable trend and restriction steam turbine is developed.Adopt conventional damper shroud structure can cause huge centrifugal force, Duola's gold damping structure becomes the main trend of more linear leaf development.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency for current blade damping structure experimental study, especially for the deficiency of different running status, different structure lower blade damping structure optimizing research, providing a kind of damping structure and optimize blade testing experiment table and experimental technique thereof, laying a good foundation for further developing the more linear leaf with Duola's gold and complicated damping structure.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme to be:
A kind of damping structure optimizes blade testing experiment table, comprises base frame, blade root stationary installation, damping structure device and exciting charger; Wherein,
Base frame comprises base plate and is symmetrically welded at two side plates on base plate, and the inner side of two side plates is symmetrically welded with two cushion blocks, and two side plates is vertically gone up symmetry and offer some first straight troughs;
Blade root stationary installation comprises blade root slot and fastening bolt, and the centre of blade root slot offers the groove for embedding blade root to be measured, and the below of groove is provided with the fastening bolt for applying load straight up to blade root;
Damping structure device comprises the blade draw-in groove for fixing blade blade to be measured, the two ends of blade draw-in groove are respectively arranged with a ball dish, each ball dish respectively with symmetrically arranged two frictional damping block point cantact, each frictional damping block is separately positioned on one end of a damping frame, and be connected with the static force sensor be arranged on this damping frame with loading nut by screw rod, the other end of each damping frame is embedded in the first straight trough on corresponding side plate by extension rod, can move up and down along the direction of the first straight trough, and fix its position by nut;
Exciting charger comprises dull and stereotyped two the straight plates with being symmetricly set on its both sides of exciter support, two straight plates respectively by bolt on two side plates, exciter support flat board has some support deep-slotted chip breakers, vibrator is fixed on flat board, flat board has the second straight trough, flat board is arranged on exciter support flat board, and vibrator regulates its angle in the horizontal direction by some support deep-slotted chip breakers, is regulated its extension elongation by the second straight trough; Being contacted by exciting rod between vibrator and blade to be measured, in the middle of exciting rod, being placed with the dynamic force sensor for measuring blade exciting force size to be measured.
The present invention further improves and is: this test experimental bed comprises two cover damping structure devices.
The present invention further improves and is: the first straight trough edge is carved with the scale for adjusting damping structure device and exciting charger position on two side plates.
The present invention further improves and is: two side plates are vertically gone up and respectively offers 6 the first straight troughs.
The present invention further improves and is: exciting rod adopts the thick middle thin variable section structure in two ends.
Damping structure optimizes an experimental technique for blade testing experiment table, comprises the following steps:
1) base frame is placed on basic platform, according to measurement demand, select ball dish-type to be measured number to apply damping position with target, successively blade root stationary installation, blade to be measured, damping structure device, exciting charger, three-dimensional laser vialog and connection data harvester are installed; Ensure that blade root is nested in blade root slot, blade is nested in the blade draw-in groove of damping structure device, and exciting rod top is adjacent to blade surface to be measured, screw everywhere bolt with each part position of fixation test platform;
2) adjustment loads nut location, and regulate normal pressure size between frictional damping block and ball dish, its concrete data are obtained by static force sensor measurements, ensures the blade both sides ball dish-type number of same leaf high position and frictional damping normal pressure equal and opposite in direction simultaneously; Adjustment vibrator position, apply exciting effect to blade surface in vertical direction, exciting force size and excited frequency are obtained by the dynamic force sensor measurement of data collector to exciting rod centre position;
3) data collector and vibrator is started, after blade vibration is in stable condition, start three-dimensional laser vialog to scan blade integral Vibration Condition, record ball dish-type number simultaneously, frictional damping normal pressure, damping structure apply height, exciting rod height and exciting force size;
4) change respectively and load nut location, ball dish-type number, vibrator frequency, exciter support height and damping structure device height, to control the change that frictional damping normal pressure, frictional damping contact area, exciting force size, excitation force frequency, exciting force applying position and frictional damping effect apply position, repeat step 2) to step 3), and record data and corresponding blade shape of shaking and scheme;
5) analyze frictional damping normal pressure, damping structure applies height, exciting rod height, exciting force size, friction structure surface of contact size for the impact of blade vibration characteristic, and draw response curve.
The present invention further improves and is, further comprising the steps of:
6) comparatively step 1 is used instead) the more linear leaf model of Leaf carries out experimental test, increase damping structure number simultaneously, frictional damping effect is applied to leaf height direction multiple spot, repeats step 1) to step 4), and record data and corresponding blade shape of shaking and scheme;
7) analyze frictional damping normal pressure, damping structure applies height, exciting rod height, exciting force size, friction structure surface of contact size for the impact of this blade vibration characteristic, and draw response curve.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
A kind of damping structure of the present invention optimizes blade testing experiment table: (1) the present invention can by change damper position simulation shroud, lashing wire damping structure and Duola's gold damping structure vane, and the more linear leaf exploitation especially for exploitation Duola gold damping structure has guiding significance; (2) by changing damper quantity, the impact of different damping device quantity for blade vibration characteristic can be assessed; (3) each damper normal pressure is variable and is to measure; (4) dampers contact area is variable, and can calculate its contact area in conjunction with normal pressure and damper geometric parameter; (5) respectively by change damper position, normal pressure and contact area, can realize for the optimization of blade damping structure from mechanism; (6) compared to other blade damping experiment tablees use design formed blades, experiment table leaf model of the present invention adopts dull and stereotyped prismatic blade model, be mainly exploitation have Duola gold damping structure more linear leaf reference is provided.
A kind of damping structure of the present invention optimizes the experimental technique of blade testing experiment table: the fundamental research of preceding material characteristic and the research of blade damping structure combine by (1), realize the optimization to blade damping structure from mechanism; (2) blade is scanned with blade top offset maximum point for Optimal Parameters carries out blade optimization; (3) final data is based on experiment, and Binding experiment data are optimized, real-time matching numerical result, can ensure to optimize precision; (4) data fitting is carried out to experimental result, the optimal damper parameter adapting to blade vibration characteristic can be found out rapidly and accurately; (5) experimental result is mainly used in dry damping structure optimization, and the more linear leaf for exploitation with Duola's gold structure provides foundation.
In sum, the present invention adopts variable position, normal pressure and contact area damping structure, by changing damper position, simulates existing normal employing damping shroud, lashing wire structure blade and more high-power longer Duola gold damping structure vane respectively.The present invention have studied the impact for blade vibration characteristic of diverse location, different normal pressure and different contact area respectively, for damping vane newly developed provides foundation and development longer Duola's gold structure blade to point the direction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the stereographic map that damping structure optimizes blade testing experiment table;
Fig. 2 is the front view that damping structure optimizes blade testing experiment table;
Fig. 3 is base frame schematic diagram, and wherein, Fig. 3 (a) is its front view, and Fig. 3 (b) is its left view;
Fig. 4 is leaf model schematic diagram to be measured;
Fig. 5 is blade root stationary installation and load applying structural scheme of mechanism;
Fig. 6 is blade damping structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is exciter support structural representation.
In figure: 1-base plate; 2-side plate; 3-cushion block; 4-first straight trough; 5-blade root; 6-blade; 7-medial launder; 8-blade root slot; 9-fastening bolt; 10-blade draw-in groove; 11-frictional damping block; 12-ball dish; 13-loads nut; 14-static force sensor; 15-damping frame; 16-exciter support is dull and stereotyped; 17-support deep-slotted chip breaker; The straight plate of 18-; 19-is dull and stereotyped; 20-second straight trough; 21-vibrator.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the present invention is intended to carry out the test of damping structure Optimal performance to turbine damper blade, based on this object, devise a set of damping structure be made up of base frame, blade root stationary installation, damping structure device, exciting charger and measurement mechanism and optimize blade testing experiment table.
See Fig. 3, first the base frame of test is introduced.Test-bed is made up of base plate 1 and the two blocks of side plates 2 being welded thereon face, side plate welds two cushion blocks 3, for fastening blade root stationary installation.Base plate 1 is positioned on basic platform, and blade root slot 8 upper surface and cushion block 3 lower surface are adjacent to, and three-dimensional laser vialog support is bolted on base plate 1.Each side plate 2 has the first straight trough 4, be used for fixing damping structure device and exciter apparatus.First straight trough 4 edge is carved with scale, to facilitate adjustment damping structure device and exciter support position.
See Fig. 4, test blade adopts dull and stereotyped prismatic blade model.Blade is made up of blade root 5 and blade 6, and centre position has medial launder 7, and shroud and lashing wire structure are simulated by damping structure device.In test process, blade root 5 and blade root slot 8 close contact also compress, blade root 5 lower end by the load effect on fastening bolt 9 vertical direction, to simulate the centrifugal force load be subject in blade actual moving process.Blade 6 adopts dull and stereotyped prismatic blade model, and vertical direction blade cross section is all identical, and damping structure device can move up and down in Yan Yegao direction; Blade 6 size and damping structure center draw-in groove size match, and medial launder 7 size is consistent with draw-in groove internal tooth, can ensure that blade does not produce displacement on the left and right directions of damping structure active position.
See Fig. 5, blade root stationary installation is made up of blade root slot 8 and fastening bolt 9.In process of the test, blade root 5 embeds in the middle blade root slot of blade root slot 8, simultaneously blade root slot 8 is owing to being subject to the effect of lifting jack power straight up, its upper surface and cushion block 3 lower surface are close to, fastening bolt 9 holds out against blade root 5 lower surface, by the load effect that its rotation can apply straight up to blade root 5, with centrifugal action suffered by blade root in Reality simulation operation process, screw by controlling fastening bolt 9 size that degree can control blade root 5 radial load.
See Fig. 6, this damping structure can realize the frictional damping effect of assigned address blade applying perpendicular to direction blade, and can change contact area size and normal pressure size.Damping structure is made up of damping frame 15, static force sensor 14, loading nut 13, ball dish 12 and frictional damping block 11, and centre position forms blade draw-in groove 10 by bolt arrangement strap.In the course of the work, damping frame 15 both sides extension rod is embedded in the first straight trough 4 on side plate 2, and the direction can prolonging the first straight trough 4 moves up and down, and fixes its position by nut; Blade 6 is nested in blade draw-in groove 10, and draw-in groove 10 center tooth is embedding with in blade medial launder 7, ensures that blade is in process of the test, does not produce left and right displacement in damping structure position; Be point cantact between ball dish 12 and frictional damping block 11, ball dish 12 is designed with different size model, under identical positive pressure, changes ball dish 12 model and just can change surface of contact size between ball dish 12 and frictional damping block 11; Static force sensor 14 one end screws in screw rod and is fixed on damping frame 15; Its other end is connected with frictional damping block 11 by another root screw rod, loading nut 13 is positioned on this screw rod, rotate and load nut 13 just can apply the vertical vane direction of different size load effect to blade, simultaneously, because screw rod has been tightened in static force sensor 14, the rotation loading nut 13 just can drive screw rod to produce corresponding tension, and its large I is measured by static force sensor 14.
See Fig. 7, vibrator 21 is fixed on exciter support, and exciter support is by exciter support dull and stereotyped 16 and form perpendicular to the straight plate 18 of blade surface.In process of the test, straight plate 18 is fixed on a certain height and position on side plate 2 by bolt arrangement, is generally 70% leaf high position.Exciter support flat board 16 has support deep-slotted chip breaker 17, for the angle of adjusting vibration exciter 21 horizontal direction, vibrator 21 is fixed on dull and stereotyped 19, has the second straight trough 20, for adjusting the extension elongation of vibrator 21 on dull and stereotyped 19.Being connected by exciting rod between vibrator 21 and blade, placing dynamic force sensor in the middle of exciting rod for measuring exciting force size.
A kind of damping structure of the present invention optimizes the experimental technique of blade testing experiment table, comprises the following steps:
1) base frame is placed on basic platform, according to measurement demand, select ball dish 12 model to be measured and target to apply damping position, successively blade root stationary installation, blade to be measured, damping structure device, exciting charger, three-dimensional laser vialog and connection data harvester are installed; Ensure blade root 5 be nested in blade root slot 8, blade 6 is nested in the blade draw-in groove 10 of damping structure device, and exciting rod top is adjacent to blade surface to be measured, screw everywhere bolt with each part position of fixation test platform;
2) adjustment loads nut 13 position, regulate normal pressure size between frictional damping block 11 and ball dish 12, its concrete data are measured by static force sensor 14 and are obtained, and ensure blade both sides ball dish 12 model and the frictional damping normal pressure equal and opposite in direction of same leaf high position simultaneously; Adjustment vibrator 21 position, apply exciting effect to blade surface in vertical direction, exciting force size and excited frequency are obtained by the dynamic force sensor measurement of data collector to exciting rod centre position;
3) data collector and vibrator 21 is started, after blade vibration is in stable condition, start three-dimensional laser vialog to scan blade integral Vibration Condition, record ball dish 12 model, frictional damping normal pressure, damping structure applying height, exciting rod height and exciting force size simultaneously;
4) loading nut 13 position, ball dish 12 model, vibrator 21 frequency, exciter support height and damping structure device height is changed respectively, to control the change that frictional damping normal pressure, frictional damping contact area, exciting force size, excitation force frequency, exciting force applying position and frictional damping effect apply position, repeat step 2) to step 3), and record data and corresponding blade shape of shaking and scheme;
5) analyze frictional damping normal pressure, damping structure applies height, exciting rod height, exciting force size, friction structure surface of contact size for the impact of blade vibration characteristic, and draw response curve;
6) comparatively step 1 is used instead) the more linear leaf model of Leaf carries out experimental test, increase damping structure number simultaneously, frictional damping effect is applied to leaf height direction multiple spot, repeats step 1) to step 4), and record data and corresponding blade shape of shaking and scheme;
7) analyze frictional damping normal pressure, damping structure applies height, exciting rod height, exciting force size, friction structure surface of contact size for the impact of this blade vibration characteristic, and draw response curve.
In order to understand further the present invention, now an explanation is done to its principle of work.
In the present invention, blade to be measured is fixed in blade root slot 8 by blade root 5, blade root slot 8 is by the effect of lifting jack power straight up, its upper surface and the cushion block 3 be welded on side plate are close to, fastening bolt 9 is installed in its lower end, fastening bolt 9 directly contacts with blade root 5 bottom surface, can change blade vertical direction magnitude of load to be measured by rotational fastener bolt 9, under simulating different rotating speeds operating condition, the change of centrifugal force suffered by blade to be measured.Blade to be measured adopts dull and stereotyped prismatic blade model, and medial launder 7 is opened in blade surface center, and apply position in damping, blade is fixed in the blade draw-in groove 10 of damping structure, in case uppermost leaf sheet moves left and right.
In blade and blade height direction, diverse location arranges damper restriction structure, to simulate shroud and lashing wire to the damper restriction effect of blade.Damping structure is fixed on stand side plate 2 by fastening bolt, stand side plate has the first straight trough 4, for damming adjusting mechanism height, to determine that optimal damper applies position and adapts to the blade of different length; Blade draw-in groove 10 left and right sides ball dish 12 structure is connected with frictional damping block 11 by point cantact, damping structure can be changed to the magnitude of load on blade left and right directions by rotating loading nut 13, its normal pressure is passed to both sides static force sensor 14 by screw rod, and measures its power size by static force sensor 14; Meanwhile, the ball dish 12 be directly connected with blade draw-in groove 10 is provided with different size model, to study the impact of different contact area for damping action.
Vibrator 21 is fixed on stand side plate 2 by support, generally at 70% right position of blade height, applies the exciting force perpendicular to blade surface by exciting rod, places dynamic force sensor to measure exciting force size in exciting rod centre position.Exciting rod adopts the thick middle thin variable section structure in two ends, makes thin bar part under himself flexible effect, fully can consume the circumferential load that vibrator produces, ensure that blade is only vibrating perpendicular on blade surface direction.The same with damping structure, the height of vibrator also can regulate, to adapt to the blade of different length.
The vibratory response of blade is measured by the three-dimensional laser vialog be fixed on support, obtains blade vibration characteristic parameter by data acquisition system (DAS).
Claims (7)
1. damping structure optimizes a blade testing experiment table, it is characterized in that: comprise base frame, blade root stationary installation, damping structure device and exciting charger; Wherein,
Base frame comprises base plate (1) and is symmetrically welded at two side plates (2) on base plate (1), the inner side of two side plates (2) is symmetrically welded with two cushion blocks (3), and two side plates (2) is vertically gone up symmetry and offer some first straight troughs (4);
Blade root stationary installation comprises blade root slot (8) and fastening bolt (9), the centre of blade root slot (8) offers the groove for embedding blade root to be measured (5), and the below of groove is provided with the fastening bolt (9) for applying load straight up to blade root (5);
Damping structure device comprises the blade draw-in groove (10) for fixing blade blade (6) to be measured, the two ends of blade draw-in groove (10) are respectively arranged with a ball dish (12), each ball dish (12) respectively with symmetrically arranged two frictional damping block (11) point cantact, each frictional damping block (11) is separately positioned on one end of a damping frame (15), and be connected with the static force sensor (14) be arranged on this damping frame (15) with loading nut (13) by screw rod, the other end of each damping frame (15) is embedded in the first straight trough (4) on corresponding side plate (2) by extension rod, can move up and down along the direction of the first straight trough (4), and fix its position by nut,
Exciting charger comprises exciter support flat board (16) and is symmetricly set on two straight plates (18) of its both sides, two straight plates (18) respectively by bolt on two side plates (2), exciter support flat board (16) has some support deep-slotted chip breakers (17), vibrator (21) is fixed on flat board (19), dull and stereotyped (19) have the second straight trough (20), dull and stereotyped (19) are arranged on exciter support flat board (16), and vibrator (21) regulates its angle in the horizontal direction by some support deep-slotted chip breakers (17), its extension elongation is regulated by the second straight trough (20), being contacted by exciting rod between vibrator (21) and blade to be measured, in the middle of exciting rod, being placed with the dynamic force sensor for measuring blade exciting force size to be measured.
2. a kind of damping structure according to claim 1 optimizes blade testing experiment table, it is characterized in that: this test experimental bed comprises two cover damping structure devices.
3. a kind of damping structure according to claim 1 optimizes blade testing experiment table, it is characterized in that: the first straight trough (4) edge is carved with for adjusting damping structure device and the scale of exciting charger in the upper position of two side plates (2).
4. a kind of damping structure according to claim 1 optimizes blade testing experiment table, it is characterized in that: two side plates (2) are vertically gone up and respectively offers 6 the first straight troughs (4).
5. a kind of damping structure according to claim 1 optimizes blade testing experiment table, it is characterized in that: exciting rod adopts the thick middle thin variable section structure in two ends.
6. a kind of damping structure according to any one of claim 1 to 5 optimizes the experimental technique of blade testing experiment table, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) base frame is placed on basic platform, according to measurement demand, select ball dish (12) model to be measured and target to apply damping position, successively blade root stationary installation, blade to be measured, damping structure device, exciting charger, three-dimensional laser vialog and connection data harvester are installed; Ensure that blade root (5) is nested in blade root slot (8), blade (6) is nested in the blade draw-in groove (10) of damping structure device, exciting rod top is adjacent to blade surface to be measured, screw everywhere bolt with each part position of fixation test platform;
2) adjustment loads nut (13) position, regulate normal pressure size between frictional damping block (11) and ball dish (12), its concrete data are measured by static force sensor (14) and are obtained, and ensure blade both sides ball dish (12) model and the frictional damping normal pressure equal and opposite in direction of same leaf high position simultaneously; Adjustment vibrator (21) position, apply exciting effect to blade surface in vertical direction, exciting force size and excited frequency are obtained by the dynamic force sensor measurement of data collector to exciting rod centre position;
3) data collector and vibrator (21) is started, after blade vibration is in stable condition, start three-dimensional laser vialog to scan blade integral Vibration Condition, record ball dish (12) model, frictional damping normal pressure, damping structure applying height, exciting rod height and exciting force size simultaneously;
4) loading nut (13) position, ball dish (12) model, vibrator (21) frequency, exciter support height and damping structure device height is changed respectively, to control the change that frictional damping normal pressure, frictional damping contact area, exciting force size, excitation force frequency, exciting force applying position and frictional damping effect apply position, repeat step 2) to step 3), and record data and corresponding blade shape of shaking and scheme;
5) analyze frictional damping normal pressure, damping structure applies height, exciting rod height, exciting force size, friction structure surface of contact size for the impact of blade vibration characteristic, and draw response curve.
7. a kind of damping structure according to claim 6 optimizes the experimental technique of blade testing experiment table, it is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of:
6) comparatively step 1 is used instead) the more linear leaf model of Leaf carries out experimental test, increase damping structure number simultaneously, frictional damping effect is applied to leaf height direction multiple spot, repeats step 1) to step 4), and record data and corresponding blade shape of shaking and scheme;
7) analyze frictional damping normal pressure, damping structure applies height, exciting rod height, exciting force size, friction structure surface of contact size for the impact of this blade vibration characteristic, and draw response curve.
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