CN104747316A - Low-grade heat energy cyclic power generation experimental platform - Google Patents
Low-grade heat energy cyclic power generation experimental platform Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低品位热能的循环发电实验平台，其在实验室中实现了采用CO2为工质的跨临界动力循环发电，有助于推进CO2跨临界动力循环技术的进一步发展。其包括导热油循环子系统、CO2循环子系统、冷却水循环子系统、发电机、负载、数据采集及控制系统。CO2循环子系统包括CO2柱塞泵、超临界加热器、CO2膨胀机、冷凝器，导热油循环子系统与超临界加热器连接，冷却水循环子系统与冷凝器连接，CO2依次流经CO2柱塞泵、超临界加热器、CO2膨胀机、冷凝器，CO2膨胀机、发电机、负载依次连接。
The invention discloses a low-grade thermal energy cycle power generation experiment platform, which realizes transcritical power cycle power generation using CO2 as a working medium in a laboratory, and helps to promote the further development of CO2 transcritical power cycle technology. It includes thermal oil circulation subsystem, CO 2 circulation subsystem, cooling water circulation subsystem, generator, load, data acquisition and control system. The CO 2 circulation subsystem includes a CO 2 plunger pump, a supercritical heater, a CO 2 expander, and a condenser. The heat transfer oil circulation subsystem is connected to the supercritical heater, and the cooling water circulation subsystem is connected to the condenser. CO 2 flows sequentially. Through CO2 plunger pump, supercritical heater, CO2 expander, condenser, CO2 expander, generator and load are connected in sequence.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于能源利用的技术领域，具体地涉及一种低品位热能的循环发电实验平台。The invention belongs to the technical field of energy utilization, and in particular relates to a low-grade thermal energy cycle power generation experiment platform.
背景技术Background technique
随着人类社会的不断发展和化石能源的不断减少，能源供给面临越来越严峻的问题。由于低品位热能分布广泛、储量巨大，越来越受到重视。低品位热能主要包括低温地热能、低温太阳热能和低温工业余热废热能。与高品位热能相比，低品位热能利用效率低下、技术复杂且仍不够成熟。采用非常规工质的动力循环具有高效利用低品位热能的潜力，被广泛关注的非常规工质包括CO2、NH3及有机工质。With the continuous development of human society and the continuous reduction of fossil energy, energy supply is facing more and more serious problems. Due to the wide distribution and huge reserves of low-grade thermal energy, more and more attention has been paid to it. Low-grade thermal energy mainly includes low-temperature geothermal energy, low-temperature solar thermal energy, and low-temperature industrial waste heat energy. Compared with high-grade heat energy, low-grade heat energy utilization efficiency is low, the technology is complex and still immature. Power cycles using unconventional working fluids have the potential to efficiently utilize low-grade heat energy. Unconventional working fluids that have received widespread attention include CO 2 , NH 3 and organic working fluids.
CO2相比其他非常规工质具有众多优点，如零ODP值、低GWP值、无毒、不可燃。处于超临界状态的CO2，其物性介于液体与气体之间。其密度比一般气体要大两个数量级，与液体相近。其粘度比液体小，但扩散速度比液体快(约两个数量级)，所以有较好的流动性和传递性能。它的介电常数随压力而急剧变化(如介电常数增大有利于溶解一些极性大的物质)。CO2跨临界动力循环中，超临界工质换热过程不存在定温吸热过程，工质温度变化与热源温度变化具有良好的匹配性。Compared with other unconventional working fluids, CO 2 has many advantages, such as zero ODP value, low GWP value, non-toxic and non-flammable. The physical properties of CO 2 in supercritical state are between that of liquid and gas. Its density is two orders of magnitude larger than that of ordinary gases and similar to that of liquids. Its viscosity is smaller than that of liquid, but its diffusion rate is faster than that of liquid (about two orders of magnitude), so it has better fluidity and transfer performance. Its dielectric constant changes sharply with pressure (for example, the increase of dielectric constant is conducive to the dissolution of some polar substances). In the CO 2 transcritical power cycle, there is no constant temperature endothermic process in the heat transfer process of the supercritical working fluid, and the temperature change of the working fluid has a good match with the temperature change of the heat source.
因此，CO2跨临界动力循环是一种具有发展潜力的动力循环，具有高效利用热能的优点。但是，目前还没有采用超临界状态的CO2进行循环发电的报道。Therefore, the CO2 transcritical power cycle is a power cycle with development potential, which has the advantage of efficient utilization of thermal energy. However, there is no report on the use of supercritical CO2 for cycle power generation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的技术解决问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种低品位热能的循环发电实验平台，其在实验室中实现了采用CO2为工质的跨临界动力循环发电，有助于推进CO2跨临界动力循环技术的进一步发展。The technical solution problem of the present invention is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of low-grade thermal energy cycle power generation experiment platform, it has realized adopting CO in the laboratory Transcritical power cycle power generation as working fluid, contributes to Advancing the further development of CO2 transcritical power cycle technology.
本发明的技术解决方案是：这种低品位热能的循环发电实验平台，其包括导热油循环子系统、CO2循环子系统、冷却水循环子系统、发电机、负载、数据采集及控制系统，CO2循环子系统包括CO2柱塞泵、超临界加热器、CO2膨胀机、冷凝器，导热油循环子系统与超临界加热器连接，冷却水循环子系统与冷凝器连接，CO2依次流经CO2柱塞泵、超临界加热器、CO2膨胀机、冷凝器，CO2膨胀机、发电机、负载依次连接。The technical solution of the present invention is: this low-grade heat cycle power generation experimental platform, which includes heat transfer oil circulation subsystem, CO2 circulation subsystem, cooling water circulation subsystem, generator, load, data acquisition and control system, CO 2 The circulation subsystem includes a CO2 plunger pump, a supercritical heater, a CO2 expander, and a condenser. The thermal oil circulation subsystem is connected to the supercritical heater, and the cooling water circulation subsystem is connected to the condenser. CO2 flows through the CO2 plunger pump, supercritical heater, CO2 expander, condenser, CO2 expander, generator, and load are connected in sequence.
本发明通过导热油循环子系统加热CO2循环子系统中的CO2，通过冷却水循环子系统冷却CO2循环子系统中的CO2，从而实现CO2膨胀机膨胀做功，推动发电机发电，并由负载消耗电能，因此在实验室中实现了采用CO2为工质的跨临界动力循环发电，有助于推进CO2跨临界动力循环技术的进一步发展。The present invention heats the CO 2 in the CO 2 circulation subsystem through the heat conduction oil circulation subsystem, and cools the CO 2 in the CO 2 circulation subsystem through the cooling water circulation subsystem, so as to realize the expansion work of the CO 2 expander, push the generator to generate electricity, and Electric energy is consumed by the load, so the transcritical power cycle power generation using CO 2 as the working medium has been realized in the laboratory, which will help to promote the further development of CO 2 transcritical power cycle technology.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是根据本发明的CO2跨临界动力循环状态示意图；Fig. 1 is according to CO of the present invention Transcritical power cycle state schematic diagram;
图2是根据本发明的低品位热能的循环发电实验平台的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-grade heat cycle power generation experiment platform according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图2所示，这种低品位热能的循环发电实验平台，其包括导热油循环子系统、CO2循环子系统、冷却水循环子系统、发电机、负载、数据采集及控制系统，CO2循环子系统包括CO2柱塞泵、超临界加热器、CO2膨胀机、冷凝器，导热油循环子系统与超临界加热器连接，冷却水循环子系统与冷凝器连接，CO2依次流经CO2柱塞泵、超临界加热器、CO2膨胀机、冷凝器，CO2膨胀机、发电机、负载依次连接。As shown in Figure 2, this low-grade heat cycle power generation experimental platform includes heat transfer oil circulation subsystem, CO 2 circulation subsystem, cooling water circulation subsystem, generator, load, data acquisition and control system, CO 2 circulation The subsystem includes a CO2 plunger pump, a supercritical heater, a CO2 expander, and a condenser. The thermal oil circulation subsystem is connected to the supercritical heater, and the cooling water circulation subsystem is connected to the condenser. CO2 flows through the CO2 in sequence. Piston pump, supercritical heater, CO2 expander, condenser, CO2 expander, generator and load are connected in sequence.
本发明通过导热油循环子系统加热CO2循环子系统中的CO2，通过冷却水循环子系统冷却CO2循环子系统中的CO2，从而实现CO2膨胀机膨胀做功，推动发电机发电，并由负载消耗电能，因此在实验室中实现了采用CO2为工质的跨临界动力循环发电，有助于推进CO2跨临界动力循环技术的进一步发展。The present invention heats the CO 2 in the CO 2 circulation subsystem through the heat conduction oil circulation subsystem, and cools the CO 2 in the CO 2 circulation subsystem through the cooling water circulation subsystem, so as to realize the expansion work of the CO 2 expander, push the generator to generate electricity, and Electric energy is consumed by the load, so the transcritical power cycle power generation using CO 2 as the working medium has been realized in the laboratory, which will help to promote the further development of CO 2 transcritical power cycle technology.
另外，所述CO2循环子系统还包括回热器，CO2依次流经CO2柱塞泵、回热器高压侧、超临界加热器、CO2膨胀机、回热器低压侧、冷凝器。In addition, the CO2 circulation subsystem also includes a regenerator, and CO2 flows through the CO2 plunger pump, the high-pressure side of the regenerator, the supercritical heater, the CO2 expander, the low-pressure side of the regenerator, and the condenser in sequence. .
另外，所述冷却水循环子系统包括冷水机组、冷却水泵。由于CO2临界温度较低，为31℃，因此CO2跨临界动力循环系统必须采用低温冷却水才能将亚临界CO2冷却冷凝，采用冷却塔产生的冷却水并不能满足要求，本发明公开的CO2跨临界动力循环发电实验平台采用冷水机组产生冷却水，冷却水温度可以在0℃和室温间进行调节。In addition, the cooling water circulation subsystem includes a chiller and a cooling water pump. Due to the low critical temperature of CO2 , which is 31°C, the CO2 transcritical power cycle system must use low-temperature cooling water to cool and condense subcritical CO2 , and the cooling water produced by the cooling tower cannot meet the requirements. The invention disclosed The CO 2 transcritical power cycle power generation experimental platform uses chillers to generate cooling water, and the temperature of the cooling water can be adjusted between 0°C and room temperature.
另外，所述导热油循环子系统包括导热油加热炉、导热油流量计、导热油泵。导热油依次流经导热油泵、导热油加热炉、超临界加热器导热油侧、导热油流量计及相应导热油管路和阀门。In addition, the heat transfer oil circulation subsystem includes a heat transfer oil heating furnace, a heat transfer oil flow meter, and a heat transfer oil pump. The heat transfer oil flows through the heat transfer oil pump, the heat transfer oil heater, the heat transfer oil side of the supercritical heater, the heat transfer oil flowmeter, and the corresponding heat transfer oil pipelines and valves in sequence.
另外，所述导热油循环子系统还包括导热油膨胀罐。导热油升温过程中比容增大，导热油膨胀罐能够起到缓冲作用，防止导热油溢出系统或系统压力上升。In addition, the heat transfer oil circulation subsystem also includes a heat transfer oil expansion tank. When the heat transfer oil heats up, the specific volume increases, and the heat transfer oil expansion tank can play a buffer role to prevent the heat transfer oil from overflowing the system or the system pressure from rising.
另外，所述CO2柱塞泵还连接变频器。通过调节变频器来调节CO2柱塞泵的压力。In addition, the CO 2 plunger pump is also connected to a frequency converter. Adjust the pressure of the CO piston pump by adjusting the frequency converter.
另外，所述负载为灯箱。更进一步地，所述灯箱为白炽灯灯箱。In addition, the load is a light box. Furthermore, the light box is an incandescent light box.
另外，所述CO2循环子系统还包括润滑油分离器，其在CO2膨胀机和冷凝器之间。这样能使润滑油从CO2中分离出来而保证纯度。In addition, the CO 2 circulation subsystem also includes a lubricating oil separator, which is between the CO 2 expander and the condenser. This enables the lubricating oil to be separated from the CO2 while maintaining its purity.
实验时的工况调节手段包括以下几种：通过调节负载灯箱白炽灯数目调节灯箱负载，进而调节膨胀机转速和CO2循环流量；通过调节CO2柱塞泵频率调节CO2柱塞泵运行频率，进而调节CO2循环流量；通过调节导热油子系统的主管路阀门及旁通管路阀门调节系统导热油流量；通过调节冷却水子系统的主管路阀门及旁通管路阀门调节系统冷却水流量；通过调节冷水机组温度设置调节系统冷却水温度；通过调节导热油加热炉温度设置调节系统导热油温度。The working condition adjustment methods during the experiment include the following: adjust the load of the light box by adjusting the number of incandescent lamps in the load light box, and then adjust the speed of the expander and the circulation flow of CO 2 ; adjust the operating frequency of the CO 2 plunger pump by adjusting the frequency of the CO 2 plunger pump , and then adjust the CO 2 circulation flow; adjust the heat transfer oil flow of the system by adjusting the main pipeline valve and bypass pipeline valve of the heat transfer oil subsystem; adjust the cooling water of the system by adjusting the main pipeline valve and bypass pipeline valve of the cooling water subsystem Flow rate; adjust the cooling water temperature of the system by adjusting the temperature setting of the chiller; adjust the heat transfer oil temperature of the system by adjusting the temperature setting of the heat transfer oil heater.
图1为CO2跨临界动力循环状态示意图，图2为根据本发明的低品位热能的循环发电实验平台的结构示意图。通过阀门调节，可以对采用回热器的平台进行实验研究，也可以对不采用回热器的平台进行实验研究。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the CO2 transcritical power cycle state, and Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-grade thermal energy cycle power generation experimental platform according to the present invention. Through valve adjustment, experimental research can be carried out on the platform with regenerator, and also can be carried out on the platform without regenerator.
当采用回热器时，高温高压的超临界状态CO2进入膨胀机膨胀做功(图1、2中1～2)，推动发电机发电，并由负载灯箱消耗，膨胀后的低温低压亚临界状态的气态CO2进入回热器低压侧与高压侧低温状态的CO2进行换热(图1、2中2～a)，进一步被冷却的CO2进入冷凝器，被低温冷却水冷却冷凝为液态CO2(图1、2中a～4)，液态CO2在CO2柱塞泵中压力升高(图1、2中4～5)，达到超临界压力状态的低温CO2进入回热器高压侧与低压侧CO2换热(图1、2中5～b)，预热后的CO2在超临界加热器中被导热油进一步加热达到高温高压的超临界状态的CO2(图1、2中b～1)，从而完成一个循环。When the regenerator is used, the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO 2 enters the expander to expand and do work (1-2 in Figure 1 and 2), which drives the generator to generate electricity and is consumed by the load light box. After expansion, the low-temperature and low-pressure subcritical state The gaseous CO2 enters the low-pressure side of the regenerator to exchange heat with the low-temperature CO2 on the high-pressure side (2-a in Figure 1 and 2), and the further cooled CO2 enters the condenser and is cooled by low-temperature cooling water to condense into a liquid state CO 2 (a to 4 in Figure 1 and 2), the pressure of liquid CO 2 increases in the CO 2 plunger pump (4 to 5 in Figure 1 and 2), and the low-temperature CO 2 that reaches the supercritical pressure state enters the regenerator The high-pressure side and the low-pressure side CO 2 heat exchange (Fig. 1, 5-b in Fig. 2), and the preheated CO 2 is further heated by the heat transfer oil in the supercritical heater to reach the supercritical state of high temperature and high pressure CO 2 (Fig. 1 , 2 in b～1), thus completing a cycle.
当不采用回热器时，高温高压的超临界状态CO2进入膨胀机膨胀做功(图1、2中1～2)，推动发电机发电，并由负载灯箱消耗，膨胀后的低温低压亚临界状态的气态CO2进入冷凝器，被低温冷却水冷却冷凝为液态CO2(图1、2中2～4)，液态CO2在CO2柱塞泵中压力升高(图1、2中4～5)，达到超临界压力状态的低温CO2进入超临界加热器中被导热油加热达到高温高压的超临界状态的CO2(图1、2中5～1)，从而完成一个循环。When the regenerator is not used, the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO 2 enters the expander to expand and do work (1-2 in Figure 1 and 2), which drives the generator to generate electricity and is consumed by the load light box. After expansion, the low-temperature and low-pressure subcritical The gaseous CO 2 in the state enters the condenser, is cooled by low-temperature cooling water and condenses into liquid CO 2 (2 to 4 in Figure 1 and 2), and the pressure of liquid CO 2 increases in the CO 2 plunger pump (4 in Figure 1 and 2 ~5), the low-temperature CO 2 that reaches the supercritical pressure state enters the supercritical heater and is heated by the heat transfer oil to reach the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO 2 (5-1 in Figures 1 and 2), thus completing a cycle.
本发明公开的低品位热能的循环发电实验平台，在实验室中实现了CO2跨临界动力循环发电，平台发电功率可达1.6kW，该平台有助于对CO2跨临界动力循环开展实验研究，有助于推进CO2跨临界动力循环技术研究进展，为该技术工程应用提供参考。The low-grade thermal energy cycle power generation experimental platform disclosed by the present invention realizes CO2 transcritical power cycle power generation in the laboratory, and the power generated by the platform can reach 1.6kW. This platform is helpful for carrying out experimental research on CO2 transcritical power cycle , help to promote the research progress of CO 2 transcritical power cycle technology, and provide a reference for the engineering application of this technology.
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属本发明技术方案的保护范围。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of this invention. The protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
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