CN104741076A - Magnetic zeolite, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Magnetic zeolite, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a magnetic zeolite, and a preparation method and an application thereof and particularly relates to a use method in sewage treatment and polluted-soil remediation. The magnetic zeolite consists of natural clinoptilolite, wherein the surface of the natural clinoptilolite is covered with magnetic iron powder. The magnetic zeolite has high adsorbing affinity and adsorbing capacity for heavy metals, not only can be used for remediating a water body polluted by the heavy metals, but also can be used for remediating the soil polluted by the heavy metals. The preparation method is simple in step and easy in operation, and can be used for large-scale industrial production; simultaneously, the magnetic zeolite is simple in use, high in efficiency and low in cost; and after remediation, secondary pollution can not be caused, and the safe and reliable effects are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Heavy Metal Pollution Control, be specifically related to a kind of for the soil of repairing heavy metal pollution or the magnetic zeolite of water body and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The soil and water heavy metal pollution of current China is serious, and the cadmium rice problem that the farmland cadmium pollution in the provinces such as Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong produces once caused serious economy and social concern, and the improvement of China's heavy metal pollution is very urgent.
Heavy metal in soil and water is mainly derived from the sewage and mud that produce in mining and smelting process, wherein Cd
2+and Pb
2+, Zn
2+, Cu
2+the most extensive etc. divalent heavy metal ions.
Heavy metal in soil can not be degraded, and is difficult to remove, and has the feature of disguise, chronicity and accumulation.At present, the method for heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation mainly contains soil replacement method, electrochemical process, chemical leaching method, chemically stable method, phytoremediation etc.Soil replacement method is mainly through excavating pollution soil layer, and then cover free of contamination soil layer, engineering cost is high, is suitable only for the improvement of small size heavy-metal contaminated soil.Chemical leaching method mainly uses the complexing agents such as EDTA to make heavy metallic activation, flow out or be absorbed by plants, but the cost of leacheate is higher, and difficult treatment.Phytoremediation has expense advantage that is low, not spoiled soil fertility structure, but length consuming time.Chemically stable method reduces plant in soil can utilize state heavy metal by adding various stabilizing agent, effectively simple, do not produce secondary pollution, but the method not removal heavy metal from soil, once environmental condition changes, the heavy metal be fixed may reactivate again.
For the water body of heavy metal pollution, have and adopted magnetic renovation agent to carry out the technology of repairing.Such as magnetic green substance adsorber disclosed in Chinese patent CN103316640A, all has adsorption capacity to various heavy, but absorption affinity is not high, is under the condition of 5mg/L at liquid concentration, to the solid phase adsorption concentration of lead only less than 1mg/g.
Zeolite is a kind of good heavy metal absorbent, and the magnetic zeolite prepared based on zeolite has been used to the heavy metal in Adsorption water.The UV absorber of the magnetic zeolite that the people such as Yuan Mingliang deliver for 2009 on process engineering journal the 9th volume the 4th phase and to Pb
2+absorption property in, adopt wet precipitation synthesized magnetic zeolite, synthetic product is to Pb
2+equilibrium adsorption capacity be 54.5mg/g, but be less than the equilibrium adsorption capacity (66.99mg/g) of raw material zeolite; The synthesis of the magnetic X zeolite that Yuan Mingliang etc. deliver for 2009 on process engineering journal the 9th volume the 6th phase and performance thereof adopt hydrothermal synthesis method to synthesize magnetic X-type zeolite, it reaches 196.8mg/g to the adsorbance of Pb, but the high cost chemical reagent that hydrothermal synthesis method uses, long-time high temperature crystallization (100 DEG C, 16 hours) make its production cost high.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of magnetic zeolite of the soil and water for repairing heavy metal pollution, this magnetic zeolite is to Pb
2+and Cd
2+adsorption capacity comparatively strong, to Pb
2+saturated adsorption capacity be 116.5mg/g, to Cd
2+saturated adsorption capacity be 28.2mg/g, all higher than the adsorption capacity of the magnetic iron powder prepared under raw material zeolite and similarity condition.Add the magnetic zeolite of 0.025%, to Pb in natural water body
2+and Cd
2+while two heavy metal species, clearance reaches more than 71% and 40% respectively, adds the magnetic zeolite of 5%, to Pb in soil
2+and Cd
2+while two heavy metal species available states, clearance can reach more than 48% and 41% respectively.
In order to realize object of the present invention, inventor provide following technical scheme.
A kind of magnetic zeolite, composition consists of clinoptilolite and magnetic iron powder, and the ratio of weight and number of clinoptilolite and magnetic iron powder is 1:(1-3), wherein magnetic iron powder covers the surface of clinoptilolite.
The preferred 1:1.7 of ratio of weight and number of clinoptilolite and magnetic iron powder.
Invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned magnetic zeolite, comprise following operating procedure:
Clinoptilolite is ground, sieve, granularity is selected to be uniformly mixed at the zeolite of 10-200 micron and solubility trivalent iron salt, solubility divalent iron salt, distilled water, be heated to 65-70 DEG C, be cooled to 10-40 DEG C subsequently, adding sodium hydroxide solution adjust ph is afterwards 10-11, filter, filter cake absolute methanol or absolute ethanol washing once, are dried under 65-80 DEG C of condition, are ground by the solid after drying, be placed in deionized water to soak, with magnet sucking-off magnetic components, magnetic components is dried under 65-80 DEG C of condition, namely obtains magnetic zeolite.Twice baking time all controls can reach oven dry at >=6h.
Above-mentioned magnetic zeolite, its structure is that zeolite granular surface precipitation has Fe
3o
4or Fe
2o
3.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned magnetic zeolite, the particle diameter of described zeolite powder is 10-200 micron.Zeolite powder is natural zeolite after grinding, then washs with 0.1M HCl and to prepare.
The trivalent iron salt of solubility described in preparation method is any one or multiple mixture in ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate, iron chloride, and described solubility divalent iron salt is any one or multiple mixture in ferrous nitrate, ferrous sulfate, frerrous chloride.
In zeolite powder described in preparation method and trivalent iron salt and divalent iron salt, the weight ratio of ferro element is 1:(0.7-2.1).The mol ratio of described trivalent iron salt and divalent iron salt is 1:(0.8-1.2).
Zeolite powder uses the hydrochloric acid of 0.1M to wash before use, removes the impurity such as calcium carbonate.
In preparation method, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 5M.
Magnetic zeolite of the present invention can be used for soil or the water body of repairing heavy metal pollution.
When magnetic zeolite of the present invention is used for the soil of repairing heavy metal pollution, a certain amount of magnetic zeolite is joined in soil or deposit, fully stir after adding water subsequently, then shake or leave standstill more than 3 days, finally utilizing magnetic separation partition method to be separated from mixed liquor by magnetic zeolite.
If the content of beary metal after single reparation in soil does not drop to expection level, reparation operation can repeatedly be carried out, until produce a desired effect.
When magnetic zeolite of the present invention is used for the water body of repairing heavy metal pollution, only a certain amount of magnetic zeolite need be mixed with the water of heavy metal pollution, stir a period of time, then under the effect of externally-applied magnetic field, the magnetic zeolite completing absorption is separated with sewage.
The addition of magnetic zeolite can according to heavy metal concentration in soil or sewage and object removal rate, and the adsorption isothermal curve according to measuring calculates.
The present invention is by parameter optimization, and the absorption affinity of the magnetic zeolite heavy metal provided and adsorption capacity are higher than raw material zeolite and the magnetite powder adopting wet precipitation to prepare (as shown in accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 2).The magnetic zeolite provided not only can be used for the water body of repairing heavy metal pollution, can also be used for the soil of repairing heavy metal pollution, overcomes the problem that magnetic zeolite in prior art can not be used for rehabilitating soil pollution.In addition, the present invention the method for heavy metal in the magnetic zeolite Adsorption soil of confession or water body, easy, efficient, cost is low, be convenient to apply in suitability for industrialized production, and, can not secondary pollution be produced after reparation, safe and reliable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is magnetic zeolite of the present invention and zeolite, Fe
3o
4to Pb
2+adsorption isothermal curve.
Fig. 2 is magnetic zeolite of the present invention and zeolite, Fe
3o
4to Cd
2+adsorption isothermal curve.
Fig. 3 is the stereoscan photograph of magnetic zeolite of the present invention.In figure, the small magnet grains of visible 50-100nm is deposited in zeolite surface.
Fig. 4 is the stereoscan photograph of magnetic zeolite of the present invention, and in figure, black surround is the energy-spectrum scanning scope of Fig. 5.
Fig. 5 is the energy spectrogram of magnetic zeolite of the present invention, and the sweep limits of energy spectrogram is in the black surround in Fig. 4.As can be seen from energy spectrogram, magnetic zeolite Surface Fe constituent content is higher, illustrates that ferriferous oxide has effectively been deposited in zeolite surface.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, content of the present invention is described in further detail.
The preparation of embodiment 1 magnetic zeolite
Utilize ball mill that the zeolite granular of purchase is ground 10 minutes, zeolite after grinding is crossed 80 orders and 300 mesh sieves, get the zeolite in the middle of two sieves, soak in beaker with 0.1M watery hydrochloric acid, and put into supersonic cleaning machine ultrasonic 30 minutes, pour supernatant into waste liquid bottle, then it is for subsequent use to precipitate 3 times post-dryings with deionized water rinsing.
Get 5.0 grams, the zeolite after cleaning, drying, add 400mL beaker, weigh 6.66 grams of FeCl
37H
2o, 3.66 grams of FeSO
46H
2o adds beaker, adds 200mL deionized water.
Be put into by beaker on the magnetic stirring apparatus of band heating function, heating is stirred on limit, thermometer transparent rubberized fabric is attached to monitor temperature on beaker inwall, is heated to 65 DEG C, stops heating.
Beaker is transferred on the magnetic stirring apparatus do not heated, continue to stir, be cooled to less than 40 DEG C.
At magnetic stirring apparatus side erection iron stand, pH meter probe holder is stretched into beaker side on iron stand, monitoring pH value.
By 20gNaOH particle, dissolve in 100mL water, be prepared into the NaOH solution of 5M, be stored in plastic bottle.
Under the monitoring of pH meter, draw NaOH solution with suction pipe, slowly in instillation beaker, until pH value is elevated to 11, continue stirring 1 hour.
With preservative film, beaker is sealed, spend the night.
Preservative film is removed, utilizes pipette by supernatant sucking-off.
By filter paper lining inside glass funnel, frame on conical flask, by the precipitation in beaker with a small amount of deionized water rinsing on filter paper.
After deionized water on filter paper has been oozed, on filter paper, add absolute ethyl alcohol, until ethanol floods precipitation, the ethanol under filter is collected in organic liquid waste special-purpose bottle.
After ethanol on filter paper drains off, filter paper is carefully taken off, pave in the plane, with little grafter, the precipitation on filter paper is all transferred in small beaker.Put into baking oven, temperature regulating, to 66-80 DEG C, spends the night.
Transferred in 200mL beaker by the solids of sedimentation stone of oven dry, the solid deionized water sticked on small beaker wall is rushed in 200mL beaker.
Magnetic zeolite is stirred gently with bar magnet, then propose, the residual solids of inhaling on bar magnet is rinsed by deionized water gentleness, magnetic zeolite is transferred in another 200mL beaker, repetition like this, until all magnetic zeolite transfer is clean, if there is remaining zeolite can not use bar magnet sucking-off, illustrate that it is non magnetic zeolite, abandoned.
Wait for 4 hours, outwell supernatant, put into baking oven, 65-80 DEG C of oven dry, weigh, obtain 7.7 grams of magnetic zeolites.
The preparation of embodiment 2 magnetic zeolite
Utilize ball mill that the zeolite granular of purchase is ground 10 minutes, the zeolite after grinding crossed 80 orders and 300 mesh sieves, get two zeolites in the middle of sieves, soak 1 hour with 0.1M watery hydrochloric acid, by supernatant Paris white and after pour sewer into.Used by zeolite tap water 3 times post-dryings for subsequent use again.
Get the zeolite 5.0kg after cleaning, drying, add 200L Galvanized Iron Drum, or in rustless steel container, then add seven water iron chloride 6.66kg, six aqueous ferrous sulfate 3.66kg, then add 100L running water.
To stir at metal bucket erection suitable for reading blade mixer, and set up fluid temperature in a thermometer bucket, then on electric furnace, be heated to 70 DEG C, stop heating.
Continue to stir, be down to less than 40 DEG C to temperature.
Metal bucket adds a pH meter, pH meter probe is stretched into side in metal bucket, monitoring pH value.
20kg industry NaOH is dissolved in 100L water, is prepared into the NaOH solution of 5M, is stored in plastic barrel.
Under the monitoring of pH meter, with constant flow pump, NaOH solution is slowly injected reaction vessel, stir while add NaOH solution limit, until pH value is elevated to 10, stops adding NaOH solution, continue stirring 1 hour.
Stop stirring, reaction vessel is sealed, hold over night.
Utilize constant flow pump by slow for supernatant in reaction vessel sucking-off, not disturbance precipitation.
Precipitation on reaction vessel being poured on the filter tunnel of liner 500 order industrial filter cloth, rushing Xian on filter cloth with running water by all precipitating.
After water on filter cloth has oozed, on filter cloth, add absolute ethyl alcohol, until ethanol floods precipitation, the ethanol under filter is collected in organic liquid waste special container.
After ethanol on filter cloth drains off, be put in baking oven by filter cloth together with precipitation, temperature regulating is to 66-80 DEG C of oven dry (>=6 hours).
The solids of sedimentation stone of oven dry is transferred in 100L container, with spades, the precipitation of caking is clapped broken, with running water, all solids is rinsed in 100L container.
By the precipitation in bar magnet gently stirred vessel, then propose, rinse the residual solids of inhaling on bar magnet by running water gentleness, the magnetic zeolite inhaled on bar magnet is transferred in another 100L container, so repeats, until all magnetic zeolite transfer is clean.If there is remaining zeolite can not use bar magnet sucking-off, illustrates that it is non magnetic zeolite, abandoned.
Wait for 4 hours, outwell supernatant, put into baking oven, at temperature 65-80 DEG C of baking 6h, obtain 7.74kg magnetic zeolite.
Embodiment 3 utilizes the Pb in the magnetic zeolite Adsorption sewage of preparation
2+
20mg Pb (NO is added in 500mL conical flask
3)
2, in 250mL deionized water, be mixed with Pb
2+concentration is the synthetic sewage of 50mg/L.
In conical flask, add the magnetic zeolite that 125mg is prepared by case study on implementation 2, with sealed membrane sealing, be placed on horizontal oscillator tube and vibrate 24 hours;
Conical flask is placed on one block of magnetite, the magnetic zeolite in bottle is precipitated rapidly.With 15mL syringe Aspirate supernatant, filter with 0.45 micron membrane filter, inject 20mL plastic bottle, survey Pb with ICP-AES
2+ion concentration.
Test result, Pb in supernatant
2+ion concentration is 2.51mg/L, and clearance is 95%.
Embodiment 4 utilizes the Cd in the magnetic zeolite Adsorption sewage of preparation
2+
By 4.10mg Cd (NO
3)
2add in 200mL conical flask, then add 100mL deionized water, be mixed with Cd
2+concentration is the synthetic sewage of 15mg/L.
In conical flask, add the magnetic zeolite that 200mg is prepared by case study on implementation 2, with sealed membrane sealing, be placed on horizontal oscillator tube and vibrate 24 hours;
Conical flask is placed on one block of magnetite, the magnetic zeolite in bottle is precipitated rapidly.With 15mL syringe Aspirate supernatant, filter with 0.45 micron membrane filter, inject 20mL plastic bottle, survey Cd with ICP-AES
2+ion concentration.
Test result, Cd in supernatant
2+ion concentration is 0.68mg/L, and clearance is 95.5%.
Embodiment 5 utilizes the available state Cd in the magnetic zeolite Adsorption soil of preparation
2+, Pb
2+
1, Pb is prepared
2+concentration is 500mg/L, Cd
2+concentration is the storing solution 20mL of 50mg/L.
2, get the silt that 100g heavy metal free pollutes, add 20mL storing solution wherein, fully stir, if think and can not stir, a small amount of deionized water can be added again, until become muddy, but anhydrous precipitation, to be configured to Pb content be 100.0mg/kg, Cd content is the pollution soil sample of 10.0mg/kg.
3, by the Pb of preparation, Cd contaminated soil is divided into 2 parts, and every part containing dry ground 50 grams.
4, in first part of soil-like, add 2.5g magnetic zeolite (5% zeolite/dry ground mass ratio), after fully stirring, leave standstill 3 days.
5, second part of soil-like is given over to Background Samples.
6, in the soil adding magnetic zeolite, a small amount of deionized water is added, then stir gently with the bar magnet of wrapped in teflon, propose, gently the grogs inhaled on bar magnet is washed out by deionized water, then the magnetic zeolite deionized water brute force on bar magnet is poured in 500mL beaker.Circulation like this, until nonmagnetic zeolite proposes.
7, isolated magnetic zeolite is removed supernatant, dry, weigh, calculate the rate of recovery, in table 1,2.
8, the pedotheque isolating magnetic zeolite is left standstill, supernatant pipette is drawn onto in beaker gently, weighs, and measure the Pb in supernatant with ICP-AES
2+, Cd
2+ion concentration.
9, measure the available state Pb in two soil samples respectively by TCLP method, the content of Cd, assay method is as follows:
10, first measure the pH value of supernatant with pH meter, measurement result is about 8.0.
11, get 5.7mL glacial acetic acid in 900mL distilled water, use 1M HNO
3regulate its pH value to 2.88 ± 0.05 with 1M NaOH, then be settled to 1L as extract.
12, two pedotheques are placed in baking oven, dry under 50 degrees celsius.
13, the pedotheque that two dry respectively is got 10 grams, be put in 200mL extract.Vibrate at normal temperatures (18 ± 2) hour with the speed of 30 revs/min, centrifugal, supernatant is filtered with 0.45 micron membrane filter again.Supernatant soln ICP-AES after filtration measures Pb, Cd concentration.
14, will extract in the contaminated soil sample of magnetic zeolite, again added 2.0 grams of magnetic zeolites, (5% zeolite/dry ground mass ratio), after fully stirring, left standstill 3 days.
15, to the sample again adding magnetic zeolite, step 6-8 is repeated, and step 10-13.
Measurement result sees the following form 1,2:
Table 1
Table 2
Embodiment 6 removes the heavy metal Pb in natural water body simultaneously
2+and Cd
2+.
From the southeast, Shijiazhuang, the sewage 10L after the process of discharge got by total blowdown canal, adds Pb
2+and Cd
2+heavy metal-containing polluted water made by reagent, then add 10mg magnetic zeolite in 40mL water after, concussion 24h, then uses bar magnet sucking-off magnetic zeolite, and measure the content of beary metal in residue sewage with ICP-AES, result is as following table 3:
Table 3
Initial concentration (mg/L) | Concentration (mg/L) after repairing | Clearance (%) | |
Cd 2+ | 1.221 | 0.726 | 40.5 |
Pb 2+ | 2.511 | 0.717 | 71.4 |
Claims (9)
1. a magnetic zeolite, is characterized in that, composition consists of clinoptilolite and magnetic iron powder, and the ratio of weight and number of clinoptilolite and magnetic iron powder is 1:(1-3), wherein magnetic iron powder covers the surface of clinoptilolite.
2. a kind of magnetic zeolite according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the optimization ratio of weight and number of clinoptilolite and magnetic iron powder is 1:1.7.
3. the preparation method of a kind of magnetic zeolite as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises following operating procedure:
Clinoptilolite powder and solubility trivalent iron salt, solubility divalent iron salt, water are uniformly mixed, be heated to 65-70 DEG C, be cooled to 10-40 DEG C subsequently, adding sodium hydroxide solution adjust ph is afterwards 10-11, filter, filter cake absolute methanol or absolute ethanol washing once, are dried under 65-80 DEG C of condition, are ground by the solid after drying, be placed in deionized water to soak, with magnet sucking-off magnetic components, magnetic components is dried under 65-80 DEG C of condition, namely obtains magnetic zeolite.
4. the preparation method of a kind of magnetic zeolite according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described zeolite powder is 10-200 micron.
5. the preparation method of a kind of magnetic zeolite according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described solubility trivalent iron salt is any one or multiple mixture in ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate, iron chloride, and described solubility divalent iron salt is any one or multiple mixture in ferrous nitrate, ferrous sulfate, frerrous chloride.
6. the preparation method of a kind of magnetic zeolite according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in described zeolite powder and trivalent iron salt and divalent iron salt, the weight ratio of ferro element is 1:(0.7-2.1).
7. the preparation method of a kind of magnetic zeolite according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the mol ratio of described trivalent iron salt and divalent iron salt is 1:(0.8-1.2).
8. the preparation method of a kind of magnetic zeolite according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described zeolite powder uses watery hydrochloric acid to wash before use.
9. the application of a kind of magnetic zeolite as claimed in claim 1 in the soil or water body of repairing heavy metal pollution.
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CN106040165A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-10-26 | 暨南大学 | Magnetic modified zeolite material for removing nickel through adsorption, and preparation method and application thereof |
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CN108079939A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-05-29 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of magnetism high-specific surface area silica-rich zeolite and its preparation method and application |
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