CN104736807B - 用于排气系统混合器的防沉积物形成的表面处理 - Google Patents

用于排气系统混合器的防沉积物形成的表面处理 Download PDF

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CN104736807B
CN104736807B CN201280076068.7A CN201280076068A CN104736807B CN 104736807 B CN104736807 B CN 104736807B CN 201280076068 A CN201280076068 A CN 201280076068A CN 104736807 B CN104736807 B CN 104736807B
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exhaust
mixer
downstream
baffle
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CN104736807A (zh
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杰罗姆·布赖恩·霍恩巴克
克里斯·查普曼
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Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies USA LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
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    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
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    • F01N13/16—Selection of particular materials
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    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
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Abstract

一种车辆排气系统，包括具有接收发动机排气的入口和将涡旋的发动机排气引向下游排气部件的出口的混合器。混合器具有多个与发动机排气接触的内表面。所述多个内表面中的至少一个内表面具有包括有低摩擦系数材料的涂层。

Description

用于排气系统混合器的防沉积物形成的表面处理
背景技术
车辆排气系统通过各种排气部件对由发动机产生的热的排气进行处理，以减小排放并控制噪音。该排气系统包括在选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器的上游区喷射诸如例如尿素和水的溶液之类的还原剂的喷射系统。混合器位于SCR催化器的上游并对发动机排气和尿素转化的产物进行混合。
喷射器通常将尿素喷洒到排气流中。喷雾与已经被排气加热的周围壁和混合器接触。随着尿素的雾滴接触这些已加热的结构，所述表面冷却下来，这有利于尿素沉积物的局部形成。这些沉积物会不利地影响流动循环和运行效率。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施方式中，一种车辆排气系统包括混合器，该混合器具有接收发动机排气的入口和将涡旋(swirling)的发动机排气引向下游排气部件的出口。混合器具有与发动机排气接触的多个内表面。所述多个内表面中的至少一个内表面具有包括有低摩擦系数材料的涂层。
在以上实施方式的进一步的实施方式中，所有的多个内表面都具有包括有低摩擦系数材料的涂层。
在以上任何实施方式的进一步的实施方式中，低摩擦系数材料包括不粘附材料，诸如例如特氟龙
在以上任何实施方式的进一步的实施方式中，混合器包括构造为使发动机排气涡旋的至少一个挡板，并且其中，所述多个内表面包括用于该至少一个挡板的多个内挡板表面，并且所述内挡板表面包括涂层。
在以上任何实施方式的进一步的实施方式中，该至少一个挡板包括至少上游挡板和下游挡板，并且其中，上游挡板和下游挡板均具有带涂层的内挡板表面。
在一个示例性实施方式中，一种车辆排气系统包括第一排气部件、第二排气部件和混合器，该第一排气部件具有用于接收发动机排气的入口，该第二排气部件定位在第一排气部件的下游，该混合器定位在第一部件的下游、第二排气部件的上游。混合器具有构造成接收离开第一排气部件的发动机排气的入口和将涡旋的发动机排气引向第二排气部件的出口。混合器具有与发动机排气接触的多个内表面，并且其中，所述多个内表面中的至少一个内表面具有包括低摩擦系数材料的涂层。
在以上实施方式的进一步的实施方式中，排气系统包括喷射系统，该喷射系统具有流体源和喷射器，该喷射器将来自流体源的流体喷射到发动机排气中以使得混合器将流体与发动机排气相混合。混合器包括具有喷射器凸台的外周表面，该喷射器凸台具有用于接纳喷射器的开口。
在一个示例性实施方式中，一种制造用于车辆排气系统的混合器的方法包括下述步骤：提供混合器，该混合器具有构造成接收发动机排气的入口和将涡旋的发动机排气引向下游排气部件的出口，混合器具有与发动机排气接触的多个内表面；以及用低摩擦系数涂层对至少一个内表面进行涂覆。
通过以下的说明和附图将能更好地理解本申请的这些以及其它特征，以下为附图的简述。
附图说明
图1示意性地图示了带有根据本发明的混合器的排气系统的一个示例。
图2为图1的混合器的侧视图。
图3为图2的混合器的一端视图。
图4为图3的混合器的相反端视图。
图5为类似于图2的侧视图，其具有剖切部分以示出混合器的内表面。
图6为示出混合器的内表面上的涂层的示意性横截面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一种车辆排气系统10，如已知的，该车辆排气系统10通过各种上游排气部件14对由发动机12产生的热的排气进行处理以减小排放并控制噪音。各种上游排气部件14可包括下述部件中的一个或多个：管、过滤器、阀、催化器、消声器等。在一个示例性构型中，上游排气部件14将排气引导到具有入口18和出口20的柴油氧化催化器(DOC)16中。DOC16的下游为柴油颗粒过滤器(DPF)21，如已知的，该DPF 21用于从排气中移除污染物。DOC16与DPF 21的下游为具有入口24和出口26的选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器22。出口26将排气连通至下游排气部件28。可选地，部件22可包括催化器，该催化器配置成执行选择性催化还原功能和颗粒过滤器功能。各种下游排气部件28可包括下述部件中的一个或多个：管、过滤器、阀、催化器、消声器等。这些上游部件14和下游部件28能够根据车辆应用和可用的封装空间以各种不同的构型和组合来安装。
混合器30定位在DOC 16的出口20的下游以及SCR催化器22的入口24的上游。混合器30用于产生排气的涡旋或旋转运动。可以使用任何类型的混合元件，诸如在美国专利US2012/0216513中提出的混合元件，该美国专利申请被转让给了本发明的受让人并通过参引合并到本文中。
喷射系统32用于将诸如例如尿素和水的溶液之类的还原剂从SCR催化器22的上游喷射到排气流中，使得混合器30能够将尿素和排气彻底地混合在一起。如已知的，喷射系统32包括流体源34、喷射器36、以及控制尿素的喷射的控制器38。
混合器30在图2至图5中更详细地示出。混合器30具有入口端部42(图2)和出口端部44，该入口端部42构造成接收发动机排气，该出口端部44构造成将涡旋的发动机排气和从尿素转化的产物的混合物引向SCR催化器22。如在图5的横截面视图中示出的，混合器30具有多个内表面，总体上以46表示，所述内表面与尿素和发动机排气接触。随着尿素接触这些表面，所述表面冷却，这会导致形成尿素沉积物。为了抑制尿素沉积物的形成，这些内表面中的一个或多个内表面具有包括有低摩擦系数材料的涂层。
在一个示例中，混合器30包括彼此附接的一个或多个冲压的金属板。如在图6中所示，一个内部金属表面50具有施用的涂层52或低摩擦系数材料层。在一个示例中，所有的内表面都具有包括有低摩擦系数材料的涂层。
如在图3至图5中所示，混合器30包括由外周表面64围绕的上游挡板60和下游挡板62。上游挡板60和下游挡板62均具有由涂层52覆盖的内挡板表面。入口42处的上游挡板60包括较大的开口66(图3)，该较大的开口66接收大部分的排气(接收至少60％的排气质量流量(mass flow rate))并且构造成引发该涡旋运动。上游挡板60还包括多个穿孔68，所述多个穿孔68确保排气的最优的均质化并减小背压。下游挡板62包括多个开口70和偏导部72，排气通过所述多个开口70和偏导部72离开。混合物主要通过最大的开口70A(图4)离开。可在US 2012/0216513中找到关于上游挡板60和下游挡板62的操作的其它细节。
混合器30的外周表面64包括喷射器凸台76，该喷射器凸台76具有用于接纳喷射器36的开口78。开口78大致轴向地定位在上游挡板60与下游挡板62之间，使得尿素被喷射到由上游挡板60引发的涡旋气体流中。
如以上讨论的，混合器30的内表面涂覆有低摩擦系数材料，以抑制尿素沉积物的形成。该低摩擦系数材料必须能够在包括腐蚀性和高温环境的严苛的运行条件下工作而不会降低性能。在一个示例中，低摩擦系数材料包括不粘附材料。不粘附材料的一个示例例如为特氟龙然而，也能够使用其他低摩擦系数材料。
在一个示例中，用于制造混合器30的方法包括下述步骤。提供混合器30，该混合器30具有构造成接收发动机排气的入口42和将涡旋的发动机排气引向下游排气部件的出口44。在一个示例中，混合器本体由多个冲压的金属板形成。混合器具有将与发动机排气接触的多个内表面。该多个内表面中的一个或多个内表面涂覆有涂层52。该涂层可以喷涂到期望的区域上。可对整个混合器进行喷涂或者可将混合器浸入到涂层材料中。这些只是涂层如何被施用的一些示例，应当理解的是，也可以使用其它涂覆方法。
尽管已经公开了本发明的实施方式，但本领域中的普通技术人员将认识到某些变型会落入本发明的范围内。出于该原因，应当研究所附权利要求来确定本发明的真实范围和内容。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于车辆排气系统的混合器，所述混合器包括：
混合器本体，所述混合器本体具有构造成接收发动机排气的入口和将涡旋的所述发动机排气引向下游排气部件的出口，所述混合器本体具有与所述发动机排气接触的多个内表面，并且其中，所述多个内表面中的至少一个内表面具有包括有低摩擦系数材料的涂层；以及
其中所述混合器具有上游端和下游端，使所述上游端被固定于上游排气部件，并且使所述下游端被固定于所述下游排气部件，并且进一步包括上游挡板和下游挡板，由外周表面围绕所述上游挡板和下游挡板以限定所述上游挡板和下游挡板之间的区域，并且其中所述上游挡板和下游挡板具有面向所述区域的多个内挡板表面，所述多个内挡板表面与热的所述发动机排气接触并由所述涂层覆盖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合器，其中，所有的所述多个内表面都具有包括有所述低摩擦系数材料的涂层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合器，其中，所述外周表面具有喷射器凸台，所述喷射器凸台具有用于接纳喷射器的开口，并且其中，所述开口轴向地定位在所述上游挡板与所述下游挡板之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合器，其中，所述低摩擦系数材料包括不粘附材料。
5.一种车辆排气系统，包括：
第一排气部件，所述第一排气部件具有用于接收发动机排气的入口；
第二排气部件，所述第二排气部件定位在所述第一排气部件的下游；
混合器，所述混合器定位在所述第一排气部件的下游以及所述第二排气部件的上游，所述混合器具有构造成接收离开所述第一排气部件的所述发动机排气的入口和将涡旋的所述发动机排气引向所述第二排气部件的出口，所述混合器具有与所述发动机排气接触的多个内表面，并且其中，所述多个内表面中的至少一个内表面具有包括有低摩擦系数材料的涂层，以及
其中所述混合器具有上游端和下游端，所述上游端固定于所述第一排气部件，所述下游端固定于所述第二排气部件，并且其中所述混合器包括由外周表面围绕的上游挡板和下游挡板，并且其中所述上游挡板和下游挡板具有多个内挡板表面，所述多个内挡板表面与热的所述发动机排气接触并由所述涂层覆盖。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所有的所述多个内表面都具有包括有所述低摩擦系数材料的涂层。
7.根据权利要求5所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述低摩擦系数材料包括不粘附材料。
8.根据权利要求5所述的车辆排气系统，包括喷射系统，所述喷射系统具有流体源和喷射器，所述喷射器将来自所述流体源的流体喷射到所述发动机排气中以使得所述混合器将所述流体与所述发动机排气相混合，并且其中，所述外周表面具有喷射器凸台，所述喷射器凸台具有用于接纳所述喷射器的开口。
9.根据权利要求8所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述开口轴向地定位在所述上游挡板与所述下游挡板之间。
10.根据权利要求8所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述流体包括尿素。
11.根据权利要求5所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述第一排气部件包括柴油氧化催化器和/或柴油颗粒过滤器，并且其中，所述第二排气部件包括选择性催化还原催化器。
12.根据权利要求5所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述第二排气部件包括构造成执行选择性催化还原功能和颗粒过滤器功能的催化器。
13.一种制造用于车辆排气系统的混合器的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
提供混合器，所述混合器具有构造成接收发动机排气的入口和将涡旋的所述发动机排气引向下游排气部件的出口，所述混合器具有与所述发动机排气接触的多个内表面，并且其中所述混合器具有上游端和下游端，使所述上游端被固定于上游排气部件，并且使所述下游端被固定于所述下游排气部件，并且进一步包括上游挡板和下游挡板，由外周表面围绕所述上游挡板和下游挡板以限定所述上游挡板和下游挡板之间的区域，并且其中所述上游挡板和下游挡板具有面向所述区域的多个内挡板表面；以及
用低摩擦系数涂层对所述上游挡板和下游挡板面向与热的所述发动机排气接触的所述区域的所述多个内挡板表面进行涂覆，所述多个内挡板表面与热的所述发动机排气接触并由所述涂层覆盖。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，包括用所述低摩擦系数涂层涂覆所述混合器的所有的所述多个内表面。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述低摩擦系数涂层包括不粘附涂层材料。
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US9737907B2 (en) 2017-08-22
CN104736807A (zh) 2015-06-24
US20170066012A1 (en) 2017-03-09
DE112012006958T5 (de) 2015-06-18
US20150211398A1 (en) 2015-07-30
US9737908B2 (en) 2017-08-22

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