CN104730518A - Gaussian-fitting-based radar Doppler-spectrum method for estimating sea-surface flow field - Google Patents

Gaussian-fitting-based radar Doppler-spectrum method for estimating sea-surface flow field Download PDF

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CN104730518A
CN104730518A CN201510145148.9A CN201510145148A CN104730518A CN 104730518 A CN104730518 A CN 104730518A CN 201510145148 A CN201510145148 A CN 201510145148A CN 104730518 A CN104730518 A CN 104730518A
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doppler
sea
flow field
sar
frequency district
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CN104730518B (en
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刘磊
王小青
种劲松
杜辉
刘飞标
王垒
肖遥
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Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/904—SAR modes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/023—Interference mitigation, e.g. reducing or avoiding non-intentional interference with other HF-transmitters, base station transmitters for mobile communication or other radar systems, e.g. using electro-magnetic interference [EMI] reduction techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/904—SAR modes
    • G01S13/9064—Inverse SAR [ISAR]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a Gaussian-fitting-based radar Doppler-spectrum method for estimating a sea-surface flow field. The method includes the steps of extracting a Doppler spectrum dynamically caused on the sea surface from a Doppler spectrum of an SAR signal by estimating the speed of radar beams relative to the ground, carrying out Gaussian fitting on the Doppler spectrum, judging whether interference of nonlinear short-wave scattering components exists or not, filtering out the nonlinear short-wave scattering components if the interference of the nonlinear short-wave scattering components exists, carrying out weighting to solve the practical Doppler center frequency of Bragg waves, then subtracting the theoretical Doppler center of the Bragg waves, solving the flowing speeds on corresponding measurement units, and obtaining the flow field distribution of a whole measured sea area accordingly. By means of the Gaussian-fitting-based radar Doppler-spectrum method, the nonlinear short-wave interference components are effectively removed, and reduction of the inversion accuracy under the high sea conditions is avoided; meanwhile, no auxiliary ocean model or no auxiliary datum is needed, and the method is simple and effective; in addition, the method can be applied to data processing of existing SAR single transmitting and single receiving, and the complexity of a satellite-borne or onboard SAR system is prevented from being improved.

Description

A kind of method of the flow field, RADOP Power estimation sea based on Gauss curve fitting
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method in flow field, a kind of RADOP Power estimation sea, be applicable to marine information inverting field that is spaceborne or airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), sea Flow Field Distribution when mainly estimating high sea situation based on Gauss curve fitting from radar signal doppler spectral.
Background technology
Doppler spectral that is spaceborne or carried SAR signal contains the information such as scattering properties and kinetic characteristic of moving target.Utilize the Doppler shift amount of SAR oceanographic observation data can extract sea information of flow.When identical sea flow velocity, general meeting employing higher frequency band (more than C-band) SAR could comparatively accurate flow field inversion result.
When SAR observes ocean, the energy source of its SAR echo signal is linear shortwave scattering component (Bragg ripple) and sea specular scattering component (large scale ripple) in sea.SAR echo signal obtains sea doppler velocity except radar beam relatively face movement speed, be actually the vector of various wave current speed (as surface flow field speed, Bragg phase velocity of wave, large scale wave trajectory speed etc.), the process of inverting surface flow field is exactly reject the orbital velocity of radar beam relatively face movement speed, Bragg phase velocity of wave and large scale ripple the doppler velocity that will obtain from SAR, thus obtains surface flow field.Nearest sea actual observation shows, under high sea situation, SAR sea echo signal also has portion of energy to come from the non-linear shortwave scattering in sea, this part non-linear shortwave phase velocity is not removed from doppler velocity, causes the precise decreasing of inverting sea flow field velocity under high sea situation.So, develop and be a kind ofly applicable to the method in flow field, inverting sea under high sea situation and just seem and be extremely necessary.
Chinese patent CN201310352793 name is called the method measuring flow field, sea radial velocity based on straight rail interference SAR, the method utilizes the three width antennas arranged in straight rail direction to obtain the interferometric phase of three kinds of different interference times, obtains flow field, accurate sea radial velocity.This patent is applicable to the SAR system of the many receipts of single-shot, cannot promote the SAR system that single-shot list is received.Chinese patent CN200410036470 name is called the acquisition methods of ocean surface layer flow field, by radial for the top layer, sea area of radar single station collection flow velocity U1 with the difference of the radial flow velocity U2 in this top layer, sea area of POM ocean model acquisition, the three-dimensional dynamics of ocean current governing equation substituted in POM model carries out iteration optimization until obtain optimum flow field, the accuracy requirement of this patent to ocean model is higher, has essence different with this patent in roadmap and method.Chinese patent CN201310673951 name is called a kind of surperficial flow measuring method based on single station boat-carrying high-frequency ground wave radar, utilize Space Time combined spectrum method of estimation and spectrum search to obtain on each probe unit and survey positive and negative single order Bragg spectrum peak position, and ask for the radial flow velocity on corresponding probe unit; And United States Patent (USP) 4509048 is called that the △ K of a kind of SAR measures the method and apparatus in flow field, sea, during these two patents are all applicable in low sea situation situation, do not consider the impact of non-linear shortwave phase velocity stream field inversion accuracy, processing accuracy is greatly more weak.
At present, China mainly relies on bank base, shipborne radar to measure flow field, sea, and spaceborne or carried SAR possesses round-the-clock, round-the-clock observing capacity, can obtain sea information of flow on a large scale, for China accumulates the field data of a large amount of sea ocean currents.Time especially for high sea situation, urgently design a kind of method of high precision SAR inverting Sea Current, avoid the significantly reduction of classic method precision when inverting.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention solves is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of method being applicable to flow field, SAR inverting sea in high sea situation situation is provided, avoids that inversion accuracy under the method high sea situation of traditional measurement flow field declines, the deficiency that increase SAR system complexity higher to ocean model dependency degree.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
Based on the method in the flow field, RADOP Power estimation sea of Gauss curve fitting, comprise step as follows:
(1) the SAR echo signal S measuring marine site is obtained 0(τ, η), row distance of going forward side by side compression process, obtaining SAR signal is S rc(τ, η), wherein τ be distance to the time, η is that orientation is to the time;
(2) any one distance is calculated to time τ 0with orientation to time η 0, corresponding doppler spectral;
Concrete account form is as follows: obtain respective distances door R (τ 0) SAR one dimension time-domain signal S rc(τ 0, η), at η 0-T/2 and η 0to one dimension time-domain signal S in+T/2 scope rc(τ 0, η) and carry out orientation to Fourier transform, thus obtain as τ 0and η 0corresponding doppler spectral D 0(τ 0, f η), wherein T is sea coherence time, f ηfor orientation is to Doppler frequency;
(3) according to radar motion track and observation geometry, η is calculated 0the speed V of moment radar beam is inswept earth surface ref, estimate the Doppler shift f that SAR and ground relative motion cause ref, and doppler spectral is carried out frequency spectrum shift, obtain the doppler spectral D after removing Platform movement impact 1(τ 0, f η)=D 0(τ 0, f η-f ref);
(4) to the D that step (3) obtains 1(τ 0, f η) carry out Gaussian function fitting;
(5) according to the Gaussian function fitting result design bandpass filter that step (4) obtains, by the filtering of high frequency spectrum peak, the doppler spectral D removed after the doppler spectral component of non-linear shortwave is obtained 2(τ 0, f η);
(6) estimating Doppler spectrum D 2(τ 0, f η) the actual Duo Pupu center f of Bragg ripple in positive frequency district or negative frequency district 1;
(7) according to sea wave theory, the corresponding phase velocity V of Bragg wave motion is calculated brg, then without Bragg crest theory of correspondences doppler spectral center during flow field be
(8) R (τ is calculated 0) and η 0locate corresponding sea flow velocity V c(τ 0, η 0) ;
(9) change distance to time τ and orientation to time η, repeat above step (1) ~ (8), the Flow Field Distribution information measuring marine site two-dimensional space can be obtained.
Doppler shift f in step (3) reffor:
f ref = 2 V ref sin θ λ
Wherein, θ and λ is radar incident angle and wavelength.
Corresponding sea flow velocity V in step (8) c(τ 0, η 0) account form as follows :
V C ( τ 0 , η 0 ) = ( f 1 - f 2 ) λ 2 sin θ .
Gaussian function fitting step in step (4) is as follows:
If simple spectrum peak all appears in positive frequency district or negative frequency district, single Gaussian function form is adopted to carry out curve fitting in positive frequency district or negative frequency district;
If two spectrum peak all appears in positive frequency district or negative frequency district, double gauss function superposition form is adopted to carry out curve fitting in positive frequency district or negative frequency district.
The present invention's beneficial effect is compared with prior art:
(1) precision that is spaceborne or flow field, carried SAR inverting sea is utilized under invention increases high sea conditions, this technology is first than traditional SAR inverting flow field technology, eliminate the interference components of non-linear shortwave, avoid the decline of inversion accuracy under high sea situation, improve the precision of signal transacting and the accuracy of obtaining information.
(2) the present invention does not need extra submodel or data, realizes difficulty low; The method not adopting theoretical modeling in this method or measured by other means; but by the method for Gauss curve fitting; the doppler spectral component of non-linear shortwave is effectively removed at HFS; method is simply effectively easy to realize; do not increase refutation process uncertainty and calculated amount; versatility is comparatively strong, has greatly saved cost and has improve efficiency.
(3) the present invention can be applied in the Data processing that SAR received by existing single-shot list, and does not increase the system complexity of existing SAR, has certain real generalization, is in domestic and international leading position.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the inventive method process flow diagram.
Embodiment
Do into explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to principle of work of the present invention and the course of work:
Can SAR echo signal obtains sea doppler spectral the dynamic perfromance of the various wave current phenomenon in inverting sea, wherein doppler velocity is that surface flow field speed, linear shortwave (Bragg ripple) phase velocity, large scale wave trajectory speed, non-linear shortwave phase velocity are in radar illumination direction sum, especially under high sea situation, non-linear shortwave phase velocity contribution rate increases, so need the interference considering that removal nonlinear scatter component causes in inverting surface flow field.The present invention, by the movement velocity on the estimation relative ground of radar beam, extracts the doppler spectral that sea dynamically causes, then carries out Gauss curve fitting to this doppler spectral, determine whether the interference of non-linear shortwave scattering component from the doppler spectral of SAR signal.If existed, the spectral component of the non-linear shortwave scattering of filtering and large scale scattering of wave, the actual doppler centroid of Bragg ripple is tried to achieve in weighting, then deducts the theoretical Doppler center of Bragg ripple, ask for the flow velocity on corresponding measuring unit, thus obtain the Flow Field Distribution in whole tested marine site.
As Fig. 1, concrete steps of the present invention are as follows:
(1) the SAR echo signal S measuring marine site is obtained 0(τ, η), row distance of going forward side by side compression process, obtaining SAR signal is S rc(τ, η), wherein τ be distance to the time, η is that orientation is to the time;
(2) any one distance is calculated to time τ 0with orientation to time η 0, corresponding doppler spectral;
Concrete account form is as follows: obtain respective distances door R (τ 0) SAR one dimension time-domain signal S rc(τ 0, η), at η 0-T/2 and η 0to one dimension time-domain signal S in+T/2 scope rc(τ 0, η) and carry out orientation to Fourier transform, thus obtain as τ 0and η 0corresponding doppler spectral D 0(τ 0, f η), wherein T is sea coherence time, f ηfor orientation upwards Doppler frequency;
(3) according to radar motion trace information and observation geometry, η is calculated 0the speed V of moment radar beam is inswept earth surface ref, estimate the Doppler shift that SAR and ground relative motion cause wherein, θ and λ is incident angle and the radar wavelength of SAR, and doppler spectral is carried out frequency spectrum shift, obtains the doppler spectral D after removing Platform movement impact 1(τ 0, f η)=D 0(τ 0, f η-f ref);
(4) to the D that step (3) obtains 1(τ 0, f η) carry out Gaussian function fitting; Gaussian function fitting step is as follows:
(4a) situation that doppler spectral occurs in positive frequency district or negative frequency district is divided into following several:
All there is simple spectrum peak in positive frequency district or negative frequency district in doppler spectral, when namely positive and negative Bragg composes peak, shows that now wind speed is lower;
Doppler spectral there will be two spectrum peak (except low frequency spectrum peak, also occurring high frequency spectrum peak) in positive frequency district or negative frequency district, show that now wind speed is comparatively large, exists the interference of non-linear shortwave scattering component in doppler spectral;
(4b) according to the doppler spectral peak occurred in step (4a), the form of Gaussian function fitting is selected:
If simple spectrum peak all appears in positive frequency district or negative frequency district, single Gaussian function form is adopted to carry out curve fitting in positive frequency district or negative frequency district;
If two spectrum peak all appears in positive frequency district or negative frequency district, double gauss function superposition form is adopted to carry out curve fitting in positive frequency district or negative frequency district.
(5) according to the Gaussian function fitting result design bandpass filter that step (4) obtains, by the filtering of high frequency spectrum peak, the doppler spectral D removed after the doppler spectral component of non-linear shortwave is obtained 2(τ 0, f η);
(6) estimating Doppler spectrum D 2(τ 0, f η) the actual Duo Pupu center f of Bragg ripple in positive frequency district or negative frequency district 1;
(7) according to sea wave theory, the corresponding phase velocity V of Bragg wave motion is calculated brg, then without Bragg crest theory of correspondences doppler spectral center during flow field be
(8) R (τ is calculated 0) and η 0locate corresponding sea flow velocity
(9) distance is changed to time τ and orientation to time η, the wherein range information in the spatially corresponding vertical course of τ, the corresponding range information along course of η, repeats above step (1) ~ (8), can obtain the Flow Field Distribution information measuring marine site two-dimensional space.
With a specific embodiment, principle of work of the present invention is further explained below:
The velocity estimation of SAR signal form, sea coherence time, radar beam is inswept earth surface, Gaussian function fitting, Bragg wavelength and theory movement velocity estimation, and the unexposed technology of the present invention belongs to general knowledge as well known to those skilled in the art.

Claims (4)

1., based on the method in the flow field, RADOP Power estimation sea of Gauss curve fitting, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) the SAR echo signal S measuring marine site is obtained 0(τ, η), row distance of going forward side by side compression process, obtaining SAR signal is S rc(τ, η), wherein τ be distance to the time, η is that orientation is to the time;
(2) any one distance is calculated to time τ 0with orientation to time η 0, corresponding doppler spectral;
Concrete account form is as follows: obtain respective distances door R (τ 0) SAR one dimension time-domain signal S rc(τ 0, η), at η 0-T/2 and η 0to one dimension time-domain signal S in+T/2 scope rc(τ 0, η) and carry out orientation to Fourier transform, thus obtain as τ 0and η 0corresponding doppler spectral D 0(τ 0, f η), wherein T is sea coherence time, f ηfor orientation is to Doppler frequency;
(3) according to radar motion track and observation geometry, η is calculated 0the speed V of moment radar beam is inswept earth surface ref, estimate the Doppler shift f that SAR and ground relative motion cause ref, and doppler spectral is carried out frequency spectrum shift, obtain the doppler spectral D after removing Platform movement impact 1(τ 0, f η)=D 0(τ 0, f η-f ref);
(4) to the D that step (3) obtains 1(τ 0, f η) carry out Gaussian function fitting;
(5) according to the Gaussian function fitting result design bandpass filter that step (4) obtains, by the filtering of high frequency spectrum peak, the doppler spectral D removed after the doppler spectral component of non-linear shortwave is obtained 2(τ 0, f η);
(6) estimating Doppler spectrum D 2(τ 0, f η) the actual Duo Pupu center f of Bragg ripple in positive frequency district or negative frequency district 1;
(7) according to sea wave theory, the corresponding phase velocity V of Bragg wave motion is calculated brg, then without Bragg crest theory of correspondences doppler spectral center during flow field be
(8) R (τ is calculated 0) and η 0locate corresponding sea flow velocity V c(τ 0, η 0) ;
(9) change distance to time τ and orientation to time η, repeat above step (1) ~ (8), the Flow Field Distribution information measuring marine site two-dimensional space can be obtained.
2. the method in a kind of flow field, RADOP Power estimation sea based on Gauss curve fitting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Doppler shift f in described step (3) reffor:
f ref = 2 V ref sin θ λ
Wherein, θ and λ is radar incident angle and wavelength.
3. the method in a kind of flow field, RADOP Power estimation sea based on Gauss curve fitting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: corresponding sea flow velocity V in described step (8) c(τ 0, η 0) account form as follows:
V C ( τ 0 , η 0 ) = ( f 1 - f 2 ) λ 2 sin θ .
4. the method in a kind of flow field, RADOP Power estimation sea based on Gauss curve fitting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the Gaussian function fitting step in described step (4) is as follows:
If simple spectrum peak all appears in positive frequency district or negative frequency district, single Gaussian function form is adopted to carry out curve fitting in positive frequency district or negative frequency district;
If two spectrum peak all appears in positive frequency district or negative frequency district, double gauss function superposition form is adopted to carry out curve fitting in positive frequency district or negative frequency district.
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CN105093220A (en) * 2015-08-28 2015-11-25 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 Method for measuring ocean surface flow speed by use of real aperture radar
CN105259537A (en) * 2015-11-10 2016-01-20 武汉大学 Doppler spectrum center frequency estimation method based on frequency shift iteration
CN105445711A (en) * 2015-11-27 2016-03-30 南京信息工程大学 Sea level essential factor SAR original data simulation method based on inverse Omega-K algorithm
CN106844813A (en) * 2015-12-07 2017-06-13 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 A kind of fiber track optimization method of perforate composite
CN106501804A (en) * 2016-11-25 2017-03-15 中国石油大学(华东) A kind of method that utilization full-polarization SAR echo data parses sea wind wave spectra
CN110554377A (en) * 2019-09-05 2019-12-10 中国科学院电子学研究所 Single-channel SAR two-dimensional flow field inversion method and system based on Doppler center offset
CN110703255A (en) * 2019-09-19 2020-01-17 天津大学 Doppler radial velocity diagram simulation method of typical strong convection flow field
CN110823191A (en) * 2019-10-08 2020-02-21 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 Method and system for determining ocean current measurement performance of mixed baseline dual-antenna squint interference SAR
CN110823191B (en) * 2019-10-08 2021-12-07 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 Method and system for determining ocean current measurement performance of mixed baseline dual-antenna squint interference SAR
CN113532722A (en) * 2021-05-25 2021-10-22 北京临近空间飞行器系统工程研究所 Flight test pulsating pressure data-based double-spectrum analysis transition identification method
CN113687345A (en) * 2021-07-23 2021-11-23 山东省科学院自动化研究所 Method and device for measuring velocity of water flow by Doppler radar
CN113687345B (en) * 2021-07-23 2023-09-08 山东省科学院自动化研究所 Doppler radar water flow velocity measurement method and device
CN114002666A (en) * 2021-10-26 2022-02-01 南京航空航天大学 Method and equipment for extracting satellite-borne ATI-SAR ocean current flow velocity under any antenna configuration
CN114002666B (en) * 2021-10-26 2024-04-12 南京航空航天大学 Method and equipment for extracting satellite-borne ATI-SAR ocean current flow velocity under any antenna configuration

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