CN104724015B - Fluid pressure type active anti-collision device - Google Patents
Fluid pressure type active anti-collision device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104724015B CN104724015B CN201510172825.6A CN201510172825A CN104724015B CN 104724015 B CN104724015 B CN 104724015B CN 201510172825 A CN201510172825 A CN 201510172825A CN 104724015 B CN104724015 B CN 104724015B
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- walking beam
- automobile
- retraction
- oil cylinder
- walking
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010516 chain-walking reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003578 releasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
- B60R21/0132—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to vehicle motion parameters, e.g. to vehicle longitudinal or transversal deceleration or speed value
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
- B60R21/0134—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to imminent contact with an obstacle, e.g. using radar systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R2019/007—Means for adjusting or regulating the crash absorption capacity of the vehicle, e.g. when detecting an impending collision
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
Abstract
Fluid pressure type active anti-collision device, the invention belongs to a field in automotive safety technology.While making automobile have more preferable crashworthiness, the most therefore increasing the overall length of automobile, this programme takes following technical measures: collision prevention girders is divided into fixing beam and walking beam, and walking beam is arranged on fixing beam by connecting rod, piston, oil cylinder.Walking beam can be relatively fixed beam and stretch out and move with retraction, fixing between beam and walking beam equipped with walking beam retraction locking device, the retraction state of walking beam can be locked by walking beam retraction locking device.Fixing between beam and walking beam equipped with walking beam driving means, walking beam driving means can drive walking beam protruding.Oil cylinder connects fuel tank by valve, and oil cylinder or valve have a discharge orifice.Installing range unit at automobile, range unit connects computer, and computer connects walking beam retraction locking device.Benefit of the invention is that: while bigger physical shock space can be obtained, the most do not increase automobile overall length.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a field in automotive safety technology.
Background technology
Automobile on road surface gets more and more, and vehicle accident is more and more frequent.During galloping, owing to the effect of inertia of material, automobile and passenger thereof store huge inertia energy.Just in case at this moment automobile generation frontal impact, these energy abrupt releases, will produce huge impulsive force, its consequence is hardly imaginable.Because during frontal crash of vehicles, speed moment reduces, and even replys resting state.Passenger inside the vehicle, during this, will bear huge forward impact power, will be it is therefore possible to injured.In prior art, in order to when automobile generation head-on crash, the impulsive force in the external world can be relaxed, all in the front and back of longeron of automobile frame, crashproof girder steel and low speed energy-absorption box are installed.Wish it clash into occur time, the deformation that can lead to metal carrys out apparatus with shock absorbing.The impulsive force that in reduction car, each occupant bears, as far as possible protection automobile and passenger.But, due to crashproof girder steel and low speed energy-absorption box altogether before and after total distance only about 20-30 centimetre.Therefore, its geometry deformation size is very limited, and the protection to automobile and passenger is the most very limited.Reason is very simple, and during the release of inertia energy, on the premise of same inertia energy, operating distance is the longest, and the impulsive force of generation is the least, otherwise the most anti-.From the point of view of current motor traffic accidents casualty situations, the deformation space of 20-30 centimetre is far from being enough, and the protective capability that it can be formed is very limited.In prior art, not enough for mending this, invent air bag.But, automobile not loads onto air bag on each seat, moreover the expansion of air bag self also has certain danger.Although air bag quality is little, but speed when moment launches is high, and this impact velocity is not a peanut for human body.Statistical data according to some national highway safety management departments, while air bag often saves 100 passenger life in collision vehicle accident, also because of the inappropriate expansion of air bag and the incorrect seating position of occupant and sitting posture, unfortunately 57 occupants are caused to lose life.Above-mentioned these, are all, after car accident occurs, particularly in the accident that vehicle front is clashed into, always to have injured even one of the main causes of death of so much people.
Application for a patent for invention energy dissipation rod type anti-collision automobile (application number: 2013105565066) and the big technical scheme of Safety air bag type anti-corrosion automobile (application number 2013106260775) two, the compartment of automobile is movably arranged on vehicle frame, and between vehicle frame and compartment, installing energy dissipator additional, it can effectively reduce the automobile impact when colliding to driver and conductor.Can effectively protect in compartment everyone.But this technical scheme has its deficiency equally, it is simply that crashproof space have to be left between compartment and vehicle frame.So can strengthen the overall length of automobile, affect the motility of automobile.
Visible, the effort of indented material is the most not fully up to expectations, and still have greatly improved space.How to allow automobile when colliding, the inertia energy that passenger in compartment is had can obtain the slowest release, the most not affect the motility of automobile while the impact dynamics that in reduction compartment, occupant bears, reduction injures and deaths, it it is purpose of the present invention place.
Summary of the invention
While making automobile have more preferable crashworthiness, the most therefore increasing the overall length of automobile, this programme takes following technical measures: collision prevention girders is divided into fixing beam and walking beam, and walking beam is arranged on fixing beam by connecting rod, piston, oil cylinder.Walking beam can be relatively fixed beam and stretch out and move with retraction, fixing between beam and walking beam equipped with walking beam retraction locking device, the retraction state of walking beam can be locked by walking beam retraction locking device.Fixing between beam and walking beam equipped with walking beam driving means, walking beam driving means can drive walking beam protruding.Oil cylinder connects fuel tank by valve, and oil cylinder or valve have a discharge orifice.Installing range unit on automobile, range unit connects computer, and computer connects walking beam retraction locking device.
Benefit of the invention is that: walking beam is in retraction state and is collected in automobile at ordinary times, do not hinder the normal traveling of automobile, do not increase automobile overall length.The data transmitted when computer root Ju range unit show, when this car and the relative velocity of barrier above and air line distance reach degree of danger, judge that automobile likely will collide, press the most rapidly blas and drive walking beam retraction locking device releasing activity beam, make the walking beam can be the most protruding under walking beam stretches out the driving of driving means, meet rammer with walking beam.In knockout process, win the bigger time needed for energy release and physical space for automobile, made automobile and driver and conductor thereof obtain more preferable protection.The walking beam of this programme is in retraction state at ordinary times simultaneously, and it does not increase the overall length of automobile, but can obtain bigger physical shock room and time.On the other hand, this device can be installed on the basis of existing collision prevention girders, makes automobile can increase extra, bigger guarantee.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is fluid pressure type actively anti-collision automobile, and moved cross beam is in retraction resting state schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is fluid pressure type actively anti-collision automobile, and moved cross beam is in and stretches out view.
Fig. 3 is moved cross beam enlarged diagram when being in retraction resting state.
Fig. 4 is that moved cross beam is in the enlarged diagram stretched out when meeting crash situation.
Fig. 5 is the combinative structure schematic diagrams such as oil cylinder, piston, valve.
In figure: recoil 1, fuel tank 2, spring 3, oil cylinder 4, connecting rod 5, lock hook 6, electric magnet 7, snap close 8, walking beam 9, fixed cross beam 10, fixing longeron 11, piston 12, valve 13.
Detailed description of the invention
Moved cross beam retraction locking device described herein, refers to the electromechanical device that the retraction state of walking beam is locked.The electromechanical device that can complete this task has varied.Meanwhile, the application does not has particular/special requirement to walking beam retraction locking device, and in prior art, all electromechanical devicies that walking beam retraction state can be locked be suitable for present invention use.Such as lock hook lock catch type, bolt-type etc..On the other hand, walking beam retraction locking device also has a function, it is simply that it can be unblanked under the instruction of computer.Moved cross beam retraction locking device is divided by the office performing to unblank to instruct and can be divided into electromagnetic field type, electric motor type etc..On the other hand, when the moved cross beam of the present invention stretch out driving means be not spring time, walking beam retraction locking device need not be used.Walking beam retraction locking device is held a concurrent post by walking beam driving means.
Moved cross beam described herein stretches out driving means, refers to walking beam to drive outwardly directed electromechanical device.Walking beam stretches out driving means form also to be had varied, and it is broadly divided into mechanical type and electromechanical etc..Simplest in mechanical type is with spring, utilizes spring force that walking beam is driven protruding.Mechanical type can also include fluid pressure type and vapour-pressure type etc.；Electrodynamic type is mainly driven outwards ejection by the form such as tooth bar or chain walking beam by motor.Walking beam is stretched out driving means by the application does not has a particular/special requirement, all walking beam outwards can be driven the device stretched out to be suitable for this programme to use.
While making automobile have more preferable crashworthiness, the most therefore increasing the overall length of automobile, this programme takes following technical measures: collision prevention girders is divided into fixing beam and walking beam, and the walking beam of the present invention only includes a crossbeam.Walking beam is arranged on fixing beam by connecting rod, piston, oil cylinder.Walking beam is contained on connecting rod, and the other end of connecting rod is equipped with piston and loads in oil cylinder.Oil cylinder can be arranged on fixing beam by various ways such as recoil or front end step are fixing.So walking beam just can be relatively fixed beam and stretches out and retraction campaign, impulsive force can also be passed to fixing beam simultaneously.Fixing equipped with walking beam retraction locking device between beam and walking beam, the retraction state of walking beam can be locked by walking beam retraction locking device.Fixing between beam and walking beam equipped with walking beam driving means, walking beam driving means can drive walking beam protruding.The walking beam driving means of this example is mainly made up of a spring 3.Spring 3 is in compressive state storage energy at ordinary times, and this state is locked by walking beam retraction locking device.Once unlock, the energy release on spring, promote walking beam outwards to shoot out.Shock just can be resisted after walking beam is protruding.The strength clashed into promotes in-oil cylinder hydraulic oil by connecting rod 5, piston 12, by the aperture backflow fuel tank on oil cylinder or valve.Owing to aperture is little, create the biggest resistance to the backflow of hydraulic oil.This resistance is just being used on the consumption of Impact energy, as long as aperture suitable (e.g., less than oil-feed aperture) just can make knockout process to be buffered.
The work process of the present invention: be that retraction is collected and locked as shown in figures 1 and 3 by walking beam retraction locking device under walking beam normal condition.At this moment spring 3 external compression arm-to-arm；In the process of moving, range unit constantly measures this car and the above distance of barrier (when the present invention is contained in before automobile) to automobile.Range unit passes to computer the data recorded, and these data reductions are become the relative velocity of this car current and above barrier by computer.Computer processes these data by blas.When data show, the relative velocity of Ben Che and above barrier and air line distance reach the degree of danger of program setting.Such as when relative velocity more than 10 kilometers/hour, air line distance less than 2 meters time, computer to the electric magnet 7 of walking beam retraction locking device send unblock instruction, allow walking beam freely eject.After the electric magnet 7 of walking beam locking device receives the instruction of computer, adhesive drives lock hook 6 to unblank.Lock hook 6 departs from snap close 8, and walking beam 9 is under the driving of walking beam driving means, i.e. the most protruding under the driving of spring 3, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4.Walking beam 9 drivening rod 5, piston 12 during stretching out move out together.This motion of piston creates negative pressure and drives valve 13 to open to the fuel tank a large amount of fluid of suction in making oil cylinder 4.When walking beam is ejected into stop, fills fluid in oil cylinder, got ready for buffering collision of closed；When a crash occurs, huge impact force promotes piston 12 to retreat retraction by walking beam 9, connecting rod 5.This move creates huge malleation in making oil cylinder, it drives valve 13 to close.After valve 13 is closed, pressure is bigger, and in-oil cylinder fluid is only discharged by the aperture on valve or oil cylinder outwards (fuel tank) under huge pressure.Owing to the bore of aperture is the least, so the exhaust resistance of fluid is the biggest.This resistance is just being used on the consumption of Impact energy.Making knockout process to be buffered, automobile and passenger inside the vehicle are preferably protected.
The definition of above-mentioned degree of danger depends primarily on the response time of system, and wherein walking beam stretches out the required time is crucial.The faster the better for the response speed of system, and real reaction speed can be determined by actual measurement.Be contained in the front of automobile by the present invention as a example by.For guaranteeing safety, before colliding, walking beam must be protruding.That is relative distance Y between the barrier foreign object in automobile and front, divided by relative velocity X, the time T of gained between current automobile and barrier foreign object, it is necessary to more than the response time Z of system, this is to ensure that the safe most important condition.That is when Z is for time fixing, and X is the biggest, and permission distance (risk distance under this speed) between automobile and barrier foreign object is the longest.Otherwise it is the most anti-.This relation illustrates there is different warning distances (or claiming risk distance) under different relative velocities.This rule is just applicable to automobile varying environment in use, and it can effectively avoid misoperation.Such as when berth, parking lot, automobile is the least with relative speed X of periphery object, has been fixing due to Z, so allowing automobile the least with the relative distance (risk distance under this speed) of barrier foreign object.Can ensure that park be time, the least relative distance Y, walking beam also will not stretch out by mistake.On the other hand, when automobile travels with normal speed, the relative distance that system allows just is greatly increased.These characteristics are consistent with surface conditions.
It can be oil pump that the walking beam of the present invention stretches out driving means.Oil pump is connected oil storage cylinder 4 by oil pipe, and oil storage cylinder connects electromagnetic valve, and electromagnetic valve connection fuel tank 4 just can pass through piston, connecting rod drives walking beam 9 protruding.Having an aperture on oil cylinder 4, be used for discharging interior liquid, such structure can make the present invention not use walking beam retraction locking device, use simultaneously existing oil cylinder 4, piston 12, connecting rod 5, etc. replace walking beam stretch out driving means, its effect is the same.
In the moment that shock occurs, huge impact force promotes the direction motion in oil cylinder of walking beam, connecting rod and piston, makes in-oil cylinder pressure increase rapidly.Valve or oil cylinder are provided with discharge orifice, and the aperture in this hole is the least, and fluid is flowed to produce and sends out the biggest resistance by it.This resistance is just being used on the consumption of Impact energy, as long as the aperture in this hole is suitable simultaneously, it can make automobile well be buffered when bearing shock and don't can produce bounce-back.
Owing to the present invention is the most crashproof, so it can apply all directions at automobile, it is not limited in dead ahead.Such as can be contained in front, rear, left and right either party.It is contained in that side, just coordinates installation range unit can realize the most crashproof that side.
Claims (1)
1. fluid pressure type active anti-collision device, it is characterized in that: collision prevention girders is divided into fixing beam and walking beam, walking beam passes through connecting rod, piston, oil cylinder is arranged on fixing beam, walking beam can be relatively fixed beam and stretch out and move with retraction, fix between beam and walking beam equipped with walking beam retraction locking device, the retraction state of walking beam can be locked by walking beam retraction locking device, fix between beam and walking beam equipped with walking beam driving means, walking beam driving means can drive walking beam protruding, oil cylinder connects fuel tank by valve, a discharge orifice is had on oil cylinder or valve, automobile is installed range unit, range unit connects computer, computer connects walking beam retraction locking device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510172825.6A CN104724015B (en) | 2015-04-11 | 2015-04-11 | Fluid pressure type active anti-collision device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510172825.6A CN104724015B (en) | 2015-04-11 | 2015-04-11 | Fluid pressure type active anti-collision device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104724015A CN104724015A (en) | 2015-06-24 |
| CN104724015B true CN104724015B (en) | 2017-01-04 |
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| CN201510172825.6A Active CN104724015B (en) | 2015-04-11 | 2015-04-11 | Fluid pressure type active anti-collision device |
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| CN (1) | CN104724015B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105253081A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-20 | 胡达广 | Liquid-gas hybrid active anticollision automobile |
| CN107938881A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-04-20 | 重庆交通大学 | Car carwash buffer |
| CN108284343A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-07-17 | 温州大学激光与光电智能制造研究院 | Cutters In Mc fail-safe mechanism |
| CN109572604A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-05 | 扬州秦禧环保科技有限公司 | A kind of bus crash-proof chassis that can be extended automatically |
| CN109466487B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-09-22 | 南京麒麟科学仪器集团有限公司 | Anti-collision device of laser guide trolley and implementation method |
| CN111347992B (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-07-02 | 西南科技大学 | Intelligent anti-collision energy absorption system and method for automobile |
| CN114291021B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2024-04-05 | 合众新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Active telescopic-based automobile collision control method and device |
| CN114906084B (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-11-08 | 杭州斯格尔液压机械有限公司 | Hydraulic buffer for automobile collision |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1273193A (en) * | 1999-05-08 | 2000-11-15 | 刘有望 | Safety main structure of vehicle body |
| CN2592443Y (en) * | 2003-01-10 | 2003-12-17 | 黄飞灵 | Autmobile collision buffer protector |
| CN2723282Y (en) * | 2004-07-26 | 2005-09-07 | 赵庆贵 | Telescopic type automobile beam |
| CN100360347C (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2008-01-09 | 赵铁生 | Freely telescopic buffering and energy absorbing vehicle bumper |
| JP4872541B2 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2012-02-08 | マツダ株式会社 | Automotive bumper structure |
| CN101428597B (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2012-09-05 | 陈晓华 | Automobile with expansion bumper, auxiliary walking device, movable charger unit and method thereof |
| CN202080223U (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2011-12-21 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile body rear collision buffer reinforcing device and automobile |
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2015
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| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
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Inventor after: Hu Zhenbang Inventor after: Hu Daguang Inventor before: Hu Daguang |
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Effective date of registration: 20161101 Address after: 523051 Guangdong city of Dongguan province Dongcheng District District No. 42 West Haruki Zhang Fang Applicant after: Lu Bixian Address before: Guangdong province Dongguan City Wanjiang 523051 liuyongwei Fen Xi Lu Nan Yi Xiang No. 6 three Applicant before: Hu Daguang |
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Effective date of registration: 20180713 Address after: 410000 5 304 of Zhi Yuan Industrial Park, Central East Renmin Road, Changsha economic and Technological Development Zone, Changsha, Hunan Patentee after: Hunan ten Open Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 523051 Guangdong Dongcheng District Dongguan Zhang Fang Haruki New District West 42 Patentee before: Lu Bixian |
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