CN104719105A - Automatic humidity-control watering device - Google Patents
Automatic humidity-control watering device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104719105A CN104719105A CN201510104707.1A CN201510104707A CN104719105A CN 104719105 A CN104719105 A CN 104719105A CN 201510104707 A CN201510104707 A CN 201510104707A CN 104719105 A CN104719105 A CN 104719105A
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- circuit
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- watering device
- resistance
- delay circuit
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic humidity-control watering device. The automatic humidity-control watering device comprises a power circuit, a hygristor, a comparison circuit, an LED lamp, a time delay circuit and an electromagnetic valve. The power circuit is connected with the input end of the comparison circuit through the hygristor. The output end of the comparison circuit is connected with the LED lamp, the time delay circuit and the electromagnetic valve. The output end of the time delay circuit is connected with the LED lamp and the electromagnetic valve. The electromagnetic valve is connected to a water pipe switch of a watering unit. Compared with the prior art, the automatic humidity-control watering device in which alternating current is adopted is better than a watering device controlled by batteries in practicality. A resistance-capacitance coupling amplifying circuit is adopted, analyzing, designing and debugging are simple and practical, the automatic humidity-control watering device is practical and simple, and the manufacturing cost of the whole circuit system is lower than that of that of a watering device with a single-chip microcomputer and a solar cell.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of irrigating plant device, particularly relate to a kind of wet control Self-acting watering device.
Background technology
Very crucial effect is played in the growth of soil moisture to plant, so this problem of plant hydropenia when utilizing soil moisture to solve neglected in family, has very important significance.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of wet control Self-acting watering device to solve the problem.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
The present invention includes power circuit, humistor, comparison circuit, LED, delay circuit and magnetic valve, described power circuit is connected by the input of described humistor with described comparison circuit, the output of described comparison circuit is connected with described LED, described delay circuit and described magnetic valve respectively, the output of described delay circuit is connected with described LED and described magnetic valve respectively, and described magnetic valve is connected on the conduit switch of watering apparatus.
Particularly, described comparison circuit adopts model to be the voltage comparator of LM358; Described delay circuit adopts 555 timer compositions.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention is a kind of wet control Self-acting watering device, and compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) adopt alternating current, alternating-current controller more reliable performance point, because solenoid control motive power source is in alternating current, as long as power supply is continuous in family, power is all stable, better than battery-operated practicality.
(2) main employing Resistance and Capacitance Coupled Amplification Circuit mode.Because electric capacity is infinitely great to the reactance of DC quantity, thus Resistance and Capacitance Coupled Amplification Circuit at different levels between electric current respectively do not communicate, quiescent point at different levels is separate, solve or actual debugging time can by uniprocessing, so the analysis of this circuit, design and debugging are simple.
(3) what adopt is analog component, practical simple, the cost of whole Circuits System than use single-chip microcomputer and solar cell lower.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is wet control automatic irrigation system block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of rectification circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is C-V characteristic and the symbol thereof of voltage-stabiliser tube of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is power circuit diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is voltage comparator circuit figure of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is voltage comparator transfer curve figure of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the pinouts of LM358 of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of LM358 comparison circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the circuit structure schematic diagram of the present invention 555 timer;
Figure 10 is the delay circuit figure that the present invention 555 timer is formed;
Figure 11 is the time delay oscillogram of the present invention 555 timer;
Figure 12 is integrated circuit figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
As shown in Figure 1: the present invention includes power circuit, humistor, comparison circuit, LED, delay circuit and magnetic valve, described power circuit is connected by the input of described humistor with described comparison circuit, the output of described comparison circuit is connected with described LED, described delay circuit and described magnetic valve respectively, the output of described delay circuit is connected with described LED and described magnetic valve respectively, and described magnetic valve is connected on the conduit switch of watering apparatus.
Particularly, described comparison circuit adopts model to be the voltage comparator of LM358; Described delay circuit adopts 555 timer compositions.
Adopt rectifier circuit rectifies as shown in Figure 2 in described power circuit, change AC power into dc source.Bridge rectifier four commutation diodes are connected into electric bridge form, therefore claim bridge rectifier.At the positive half cycle of U2, D1, D3 conducting, D2, D4 end, and electric current gets back to Tr level lower end by Tr level upper end through D1 → RL → D3, and load RL obtains a half wave rectified voltage (sinusoidal wave positive half cycle).At the negative half period of U2, D1, D3 end, D2, D4 conducting, and electric current gets back to Tr level upper end by the lower end of Tr level through D2 → RL → D4, and load RL obtains another half wave rectified voltage (sinusoidal wave negative half period).Like this, on load resistance RL, positive and negative half cycle is through synthesis, obtains a voltage waveform identical with full-wave rectification.Circuit is unstable through rectified voltage, therefore by voltage-stabiliser tube DW voltage stabilizing.Zener diode (being Zener diode again), this diode is a kind of until all have very high-resistance semiconductor devices before critical breakdown reverse voltage.On this critical breakdown point, backward resistance is reduced to a little numerical value, and in this low-resistance region, electric current increase voltage then keeps constant, and Zener diode carrys out stepping according to breakdown voltage, because this characteristic, voltage-stabiliser tube is mainly used by as voltage-stablizer or voltage reference device.
Zener diode operation principle: after the feature of Zener diode punctures exactly, the voltage at its two ends remains unchanged substantially.Like this, after voltage-stabiliser tube place in circuit, if fluctuate due to supply voltage, or when other reason causes each point variation in voltage in circuit, the voltage at load two ends will remain unchanged substantially.Its forward characteristic is identical with general-purpose diode, and reverse characteristic is more special: when backward voltage adds to a certain extent, although pipe presents breakdown conditions, by larger current, do not damage, and the repeatability of this phenomenon is fine; Conversely, as long as pipe is in breakdown conditions, although the voltage change flowing through pipe is very large, and the voltage at pipe two ends changes and minimumly plays pressure stabilization function.The quality of voltage-stabiliser tube voltage regulation performance, can represent with its dynamic electric resistor r: the variation delta I of the variation delta U/ electric current of r=voltage.
As shown in Figure 3: for same current change quantity Δ I, the voltage variety Δ U at voltage-stabiliser tube two ends is less, and dynamic electric resistor is less, and voltage-stabiliser tube performance is better.The dynamic electric resistor of voltage-stabiliser tube is with operating current change, and operating current is larger.Dynamic electric resistor is less.Therefore, for making voltage regulation result good, it is suitable that operating current will select.Operating current selects more greatly, can reduce dynamic electric resistor, but can not exceed the maximum allowed current (or maximum diffipation power) of pipe.
As shown in Figure 4: for preventing the spread of voltage in circuit, add a shunt capacitance in circuit and carry out filtering, the electric capacity of 220 μ/25V in this circuit, can be selected according to the voltage-stabiliser tube working condition selected.
As shown in Figure 5: voltage comparator is a kind of integrated circuit, input signal being carried out to discriminating and compares, is the basic element circuit of composition non-sinusoidal waveform circuit for generating.Voltage comparator can be regarded as the operational amplifier of multiplication factor close to " infinity ".
The function of voltage comparator: the size (with the high or low level of output voltage, representing the magnitude relationship of two input voltages) comparing two voltages: when "+" input terminal voltage is higher than "-" input, voltage comparator exports as high level; When "+" input terminal voltage is lower than "-" input, voltage comparator exports as low level.An analog quantity voltage signal is compared with reference to fixed voltage with one by it, and near the two amplitude is equal, output voltage will produce transition, corresponding output high level or low level.
The effect of voltage comparator: it can be used as the interface of analog circuit and digital circuit, can also be used as waveform generation and translation circuit etc.Utilize simple voltage comparator sine wave can be become square wave or the square wave of same frequency.Simple voltage comparator structure is simple, highly sensitive, but poor anti jamming capability, and therefore people will improve it.
As shown in Figure 6: transmission characteristic is as UI < UR, and amplifier exports high level, the reverse voltage stabilizing work of voltage-stabiliser tube Dz.Output current potential is clamped at the burning voltage UZ of voltage-stabiliser tube by it, i.e. Uo=UZ.As UI > UR, amplifier output low level, DZ forward conduction, output voltage equals the forward voltage drop UD of voltage-stabiliser tube, i.e. Uo=-UD.Therefore, take UR as boundary, when input voltage UI changes, output reflects two states, high potential and electronegative potential.Represent the characteristic curve of relation between output voltage and input voltage, be called transmission characteristic.
As shown in Figure 7: the operational amplifier that voltage comparator LM358 is compensated by two independences, high-gain and internal frequency forms.The single power supply of an available wide region, also can use band gap Power supply; Low input current does not rely on the size of supply voltage.Its scope of application comprises the occasion of the use operational amplifier of sensor amplifier, DC current gain module and other all available single power supplies.The packing forms of LM358 has plastic packaging 8 to go between dual inline type and SMD.Temperature-compensating is had in whole band gain.Input bias current has temperature-compensating.Compatible all logic levels.Usable-battery is powered.The same gain internal frequency of main feature compensates.Large D/C voltage gain, reaches 100dB.Same gain bandwidth: 1MHz.Single power supply: 3V to 32V.Dual power supply: ± 1.5V to ± 16V.Low offset voltage: 2mV.Output voltage range Slew Rate: 0V to V+-1.5V.Positive input and the reverse input end of LM358 do voltage compare, when the voltage of forward end is higher than the voltage of backward end, so export as high level.Otherwise, when the voltage of reverse input end is higher than forward end voltage, with regard to output low level.LM358 is double operational, first amplifier be 3 pin+, 2 pin-, 1 pin exports.Second amplifier be 5 pin+, 6 pin-, 7 pin export.8 pin+power supply, 4 pin-power supply.
As shown in Figure 8: employing form comparator circuit by LM358.When soil moisture high humidity, humistor resistance diminishes, and make the input voltage of comparator be low level, diode D1 ends.When antecedent soil moisture, humistor resistance becomes large, makes the input voltage U-<U+ of comparator, so the output of integrated transporting discharging is high level, makes diode current flow, and signal is Time delay circuit after amplifying.
Electric capacity C1 strobes in circuit, can select the electric capacity of 104 models.Resistance R plays dividing potential drop effect can determine concrete numerical value according to circuit power etc., what in this circuit, humistor was selected is HR23 model, different plant is different to the requirement of soil moisture, so R2 can select resistance to be the variable resistance of 100K ~ 200K, so just can adapt to the requirement of different plant.
As shown in Figure 9: 555 timers are medium-scale integration devices that a kind of analog-and digital-function combines.What generally make by bipolar technology is called 555, and what make by CMOS technology is called 7555, except single timer, also has corresponding dual timer 556/7556.The supply voltage wide ranges of 555 timers, can work at 4.5V ~ 16V, and 7555 can work at 3 ~ 18V, and output driving current is about 200mA, and thus its output can be compatible with TTL, CMOS or analog circuit level.As long as external several resistance, electric capacity, just can realize multivibrator, monostable flipflop and Schmidt trigger isopulse and produce and translation circuit.It is in Industry Control, time delay, electronic surveying and automatically control, in imitative sound, electronic musical instrument and guard against theft and alarm system etc. application very wide.555 timer circuits are made up of rest-set flip-flop, comparator, divider, transistor switch and output buffer.555 timers provide not only a reset level 2/3Vcc, set level is 1/3Vcc, and have and carry out by R end the basic RS filpflop that sets to 0 from outside, but also give the transistor switch of a state by the control of this trigger Q end, therefore use comparatively flexible.555 timers can also form monostable flipflop, have features: the first, and it has a stable state and temporary steady state under the effect of external trigger impulse, can be turned to steady shape temporarily by stable state.The second, after steady state maintains a period of time temporarily, will stable state be automatically returned to, and temporary steady state for time obtains length and trigger impulse has nothing to do, and is only decided by the parameter of circuit itself.This circuit, in digital display circuit and device, is generally used for timing (producing the square wave of one fixed width), shaping (irregular waveform dress is changed into all equal pulse of width, amplitude) and time delay (exporting after input signal time delay certain hour) etc.
As shown in Figure 10: the delay circuit of the Time delay Functional Design formation of 555 monostable flipflops formed.Delay circuit only has a lower state.Before not adding triggering signal, delayer is in stable state, and after triggering, delayer is overturn as temporary steady state by stable state, after steady state keeps a period of time temporarily, can go back to original stable state by automatic turning again.
When humistor resistance is unchanged, delay circuit quiescent operation is in stable state.When humistor change in resistance, if basic RS filpflop is in 0 state in 555 timers, then delay circuit is in stable state and remains unchanged, and magnetic valve and LED do not work.If after switching on power, in 555 timers, basic RS filpflop is in 1 state, then this state labile makes magnetic valve connect, and LED is bright, and return stable state automatically through circuit after a period of time, magnetic valve and LED all no longer work.
Delay circuit delay time and output pulse width equal temporary steady state time, is also the charging interval of timing capacitor C.Timing capacitor C is charged by R, charge constant τ c=RC.Positive pulse width can be exported: T by waveform Figure 11 analysis
w=1.1 × RC.555 delay circuits obtain the value that output pulse width TW is only decided by timing element R, C, have nothing to do with input triggering signal and supply voltage.Change the value of R, C, can output pulse width be changed, thus may be used for timing controlled.In value one timing of R, C, the amplitude and the width that export pulse are certain, utilize this characteristic can carry out shaping to not steep, that amplitude the is uneven waveform in edge.
Integrated circuit operation principle is as shown in figure 11:
First determine that use AC supply voltage is 220V, NE555 timer, LM358 voltage comparator.And NE555 timer is normally operated in supply voltage 4.5--16V, LM358 voltage comparator is normally operated in supply voltage ± 1.5V to ± 16V, therefore needs rectification circuit to change 220V alternating current into 12V.And the spread of voltage after rectification, the voltage-stabiliser tube of 12V/1W must be added after rectification circuit, form mu balanced circuit with filter capacitor and carry out voltage stabilizing thus obtain required 12V dc source.
Know that R1 and R2 connects by circuit diagram, the voltage that divides depend on the humidity of soil and the selection of variable resistance R2.R3 and R4 connects, and R3, R4 be dividing potential drop 6V separately.
To the amplifying circuit of triode composition, for small signal amplifier, generally get 0.5mA ~ 2mA, the quiescent point of circuit is determined by following relationship:
I
bq＝(V
cc-b
qe)÷R6 (1)
I
cq＝β×I
bq(2)
U＝(V-I
cq)×R7 (3)
And can show that R7, R8 approximately select the resistance of 10K, 100K by the parameter of triode.Electric capacity C3 can select 103 models.
5 pin of delayer NE555 in this circuit arrangement need not, therefore 5 ports are connect the electric capacity of 0.01 μ F, with bypass High-frequency Interference.The minimum period formula of time delay:
T＝1.1×RC (4)
The time of time delay only determines with resistance VR, R9 and electric capacity C5.Consider actual pouring be generally tens seconds to time a few minutes, the electric capacity selected is generally tens μ F, can be 47 μ F with C5 herein, setting-up time is approximately one to six minutes, can obtain resistance value by formula T=1.1RC is 1.8M to 11M, therefore R9 is selected to be that 1.5M, VC select swept resistance scope to be that the resistance of 10M conveniently regulates delay time.Magnetic valve can select normal range of operation to be the device of 5A-220V, prevents from burning out.
Humistor resistance must change the curent change caused in circuit, thus makes voltage comparator two input pin voltage change, makes its output export high level turn-on transistor V2 and produces moment base flow, analog signal amplified and export.Voltage comparator is made to export spurious signal for preventing humistor change in resistance---filter the phenomenon of disturbing pulse, therefore add at the output of comparator the filter capacitor that a hundreds of is sent out slightly, eliminate disturbing pulse.Diode D1 ensures the flow direction of electric current, for preventing the reasons such as operate miss from making circuit burnout, plays a protective role.
NE555 controls the time sprayed water on flowers, and plays time-lag action in circuit.5 ports in circuit need not, add C4 capacity earth, with bypass High-frequency Interference.C3 electric capacity plays a part to connect amplifying circuit and load circuit NE555 in circuit.VR, R9, C5 are timing elements, regulate thus reach to regulate to the object of the watering time of plant by regulating the resistance of adjustable resistance VR etc. to the delay time of NE555.All the other resistance play the function of earial drainage, dividing potential drop.Whether magnetic valve plays switch, control to water a plant.
When utilizing soil moisture different, resistance difference determines whether watering.Adopt the change of humistor detection soil moisture, resistance change makes circuital current change, then passes through the switch of LM358 voltage comparator Controlling solenoid valve, determines whether water a plant.When watering, LED is bright, stops watering, and LED is gone out.Meanwhile, utilize NE555 delayer to determine watering time voluntarily, avoid watering and excessively cause inevitable infringement to plant, and the effect of protection circuit can be played.
During antecedent soil moisture, humistor resistance is very large, when LM358 bears into the current potential of end 2 pin current potential lower than input 3 pin (6V), comparator interior overturn, there is high potential in output 1 pin, through electric capacity C1 diode D1, resistance R6, supply triode V2 moment base flow, make it saturated, collector potential moment is drop-down, through C3 to 2 pin negative pulse (making its current potential be pulled down to below 1/3rd supply voltages) of time base circuit (constituting monostable), its inner reversion enters steady operation, its 3 pin output exports high potential, LED is bright, relay K A adhesive, connect the power supply (AC220V) of electromagnetic water valve.Electromagnetic water valve adhesive fetch boiling water valve water supply start pouring, NE555 is (about one minute to five minutes are adjustable) after time delay, and inner automatic turning enters stable state.Its 3 pin exports electronegative potential, and LED is extinguished, and relay K A dead electricity discharges, and disconnects the power supply of electromagnetic water valve, closes water valve and stops pouring.
Watering time can also carry out adjustment watering time according to the variety classes of plant to the requirement of water voluntarily, not only can ensure to spend to the demand of water but also can avoid watering a plant too much to cause irremediable injury to its normal growth.
More than show and describe general principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (3)
1. a wet control Self-acting watering device, it is characterized in that: comprise power circuit, humistor, comparison circuit, LED, delay circuit and magnetic valve, described power circuit is connected by the input of described humistor with described comparison circuit, the output of described comparison circuit is connected with described LED, described delay circuit and described magnetic valve respectively, the output of described delay circuit is connected with described LED and described magnetic valve respectively, and described magnetic valve is connected on the conduit switch of watering apparatus.
2. wet control Self-acting watering device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described comparison circuit adopts model to be the voltage comparator of LM358.
3. wet control Self-acting watering device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described delay circuit adopts 555 timer compositions.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510104707.1A CN104719105A (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2015-03-10 | Automatic humidity-control watering device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510104707.1A CN104719105A (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2015-03-10 | Automatic humidity-control watering device |
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| CN104719105A true CN104719105A (en) | 2015-06-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201510104707.1A Pending CN104719105A (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2015-03-10 | Automatic humidity-control watering device |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105830871A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-10 | 同济大学 | Irrigation control system capable of monitoring soil humidity |
| CN106962153A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-07-21 | 广州大学 | Solar energy intelligent water-saving irrigator and its manufacture method |
| CN108572598A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-09-25 | 昆明理工大学津桥学院 | Flower planting trickle irrigation circuit device |
| CN108934898A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-12-07 | 合肥草木蕃景生态科技有限公司 | A kind of tree root moisturizing device for tree grafting growth |
-
2015
- 2015-03-10 CN CN201510104707.1A patent/CN104719105A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105830871A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-10 | 同济大学 | Irrigation control system capable of monitoring soil humidity |
| CN105830871B (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2018-10-26 | 同济大学 | Monitor the irrigation control system of soil moisture |
| CN106962153A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-07-21 | 广州大学 | Solar energy intelligent water-saving irrigator and its manufacture method |
| CN108572598A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-09-25 | 昆明理工大学津桥学院 | Flower planting trickle irrigation circuit device |
| CN108572598B (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2023-12-19 | 昆明理工大学津桥学院 | Flower planting drip irrigation circuit device |
| CN108934898A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-12-07 | 合肥草木蕃景生态科技有限公司 | A kind of tree root moisturizing device for tree grafting growth |
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Application publication date: 20150624 |
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