CN104716418A - Programmable controlled reconfigurable antenna based on cross PIN diode - Google Patents
Programmable controlled reconfigurable antenna based on cross PIN diode Download PDFInfo
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- CN104716418A CN104716418A CN201510163370.1A CN201510163370A CN104716418A CN 104716418 A CN104716418 A CN 104716418A CN 201510163370 A CN201510163370 A CN 201510163370A CN 104716418 A CN104716418 A CN 104716418A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a programmable controlled reconfigurable antenna based on cross PIN diodes. The programmable controlled reconfigurable antenna comprises a servo circuit, a programmable voltage source and an antenna array, wherein the antenna array consists of M rows and N lines of cross PIN diodes; the servo circuit is used for controlling the programmable voltage source through programs and used for enabling the programmable voltage source to output multiple paths of voltage which meets the programming requirements; the multiple paths of the voltage output from the programmable voltage source are connected with corresponding cross PIN diodes in the antenna array, and are used for controlling the PIN diodes on different arms of the cross PIN diodes to be communicated and powered off, and used for achieving a programmable controlled frequency reconfigurable antenna, a programmable controlled directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and a programmable controlled straight line antenna or a planar array antenna. The programmable controlled reconfigurable antenna based on the cross PIN diode can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of semiconductor devices and field of antenna, particularly utilize semiconductor device realization based on the reconfigurable antenna of the PLC technology of cross PIN diode.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the high speed development of the engineering system such as radio communication, radar and multimedia technology, require the antenna in system can realize dynamic reconfigurable and the message transmission rate up to gigabit level (GbpS) is provided.In order to reduce the good Electro Magnetic Compatibility of the cost of communication system, weight reduction, realization, require that antenna in communication system can real-time implementation antenna restructural according to practical service environment, so reconfigurable antenna can have the function of multiple traditional antenna, and the antenna amount in whole communication system will greatly reduce.In order to strengthen the directivity of antenna, improving gain and the direction coefficient of antenna, or in order to obtain required radiation characteristic, antenna array can be adopted to form array antenna.Traditional reconfigurable antenna design comparison is complicated, and is difficult to realize the stealthy of antenna.
The physical property of plasma uniqueness, solution antenna stealthy with mutual coupling etc. in there is very large development potentiality, become the focus of research.Plasma realizes the transmission to electromagnetic wave signal by the coupled resonance between the charged particle that wherein can move freely and additional electromagnetic wave, thus becomes the important component part reception of antenna system and transmit.
Although gaseous plasma passage has certain stealth and reconfigurability, but forming process is complicated and need high energy to excite; Low and the wave frequency of effectively transmission lower than plasma frequency, need be operated in megahertz frequency range mostly due to degree of ionization, substantially can not realize the transmission of high-frequency electromagnetic wave signal, radiation or reception.In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned gas plasma antenna, a kind of concept with the silica-based plasma antenna of good stealth and quick dynamic reconfigurable is completely newly suggested, and preliminary identification by experiment.Due to the high index of refraction of silicon materials, the size of silica-based solid plasma antenna is less than the gas plasma antenna of identical characteristics about 3 times, can guarantee precision while large-scale mass production.
The material of silica-based plasma antenna is monocrystalline silicon, and technology of preparing is mutually compatible with modern silicon integrated circuit technique, and process costs is low.Silica-based plasma antenna (Silicon-based Plasma Antenna) based on cross PIN diode can be used for next generation communication system, high-speed radio equipment and system, low cost vehicle radar system, radar imaging system, smart antenna and directed high energy weapon etc., has important using value in civil and military.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve stealthy, the antenna amount of information system of antenna and the restructural problem of antenna, a kind of reconfigurable antenna of the PLC technology based on cross PIN diode is provided, linear array antenna or the planar array antenna of the frequency reconfigurable antenna of PLC technology, the directional diagram reconstructable aerial of PLC technology and PLC technology can be realized by the conducting and cut-off controlling the PIN diode on each arm of cross PIN diode.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Based on the reconfigurable antenna of the PLC technology of cross PIN diode, comprising: servo circuit, programmable voltage source and antenna array; Described antenna array is the aerial array be made up of M capable N row (M altogether × N number of) cross PIN diode, each cross PIN diode is wherein an antenna element, each cross PIN diode has four arms, and the end of four arms and middle decussation point are respectively provided with an electrode; Servo circuit carries out programming Control to programmable voltage source, makes programmable voltage source export the 5 × M × N road voltage meeting programming requirement; 5 electrodes of M × N number of cross PIN diode that 5 × M × N road voltage that programmable voltage source exports is corresponding to antenna array are respectively connected, namely the voltage that programmable voltage source exports links together (as shown in Figure 5) with the electrode wire of the cross PIN diode of identical numbering, controls conducting and the cut-off of the PIN diode on each arm of each cross PIN diode.
Described cross PIN diode comprises the cross monocrystalline substrate be made up of four arms successively, insulating buried layer, intrinsic silicon area and surface passivation layer, a P injection region (P district) is respectively provided with at the end of four arms of cross intrinsic region and surface passivation layer, decussation point place is provided with a N injection region (N district), each P injection region or N injection region are respectively provided with a metal electrode, wherein exchange can be exchanged in the position of P injection region and N injection region, insulating buried layer is aluminium nitride, the ratio of intrinsic silicon area and P district and the N district electrode length of top separately equals 100.
Described cross PIN diode, its center (decussation point place) is N district, the other end of 4 arms and end are P district (can center be also P district, the other end of 4 arms is N district), when a certain arm two ends add forward bias voltage (namely P district voltage is higher than N district voltage certain numerical value), the PIN diode conducting on this arm of cross PIN diode; When a certain arm two ends add reverse bias voltage (namely N district voltage is more than or equal to P district voltage), the PIN diode cut-off on this arm of cross PIN diode.Forward biased PIN diode has the electric current of certain constant value to pass through, and now there is the certain density charge carrier being easy to move the intrinsic region of PIN diode, and when intrinsic region, carrier concentration reaches 10
18cm
-3or more time, now intrinsic region has the conductive characteristic being similar to metal.
In the cross PIN diode array of capable N row (M × N) of described M, N district or the P district of each cross PIN diode center are multiplexing, isolate between each cross PIN diode with silicon dioxide; Each cross PIN diode also can rotate an angle along himself central point, forms " X " shape PIN diode.
In the cross PIN diode array of described M capable N row (M × N), the distance between each row cross PIN diode can equal also can be unequal, the distance between each row cross PIN diode can equal also can be unequal.
The capable N of described M arranges the intrinsic region length of each cross PIN diode in (M × N) cross PIN diode array and width can equally also can not wait, and the intrinsic region length of PIN diode on each arm of each cross PIN diode can equally also can not wait.
Described programmable voltage source is under the programming Control of servo circuit, can real-time online programming output multi-channel voltage, each road voltage that programmable voltage source exports is connected with each electrode of corresponding cross PIN diode respectively, namely the voltage that programmable voltage source exports links together (as shown in Figure 5) with the electrode wire of the cross PIN diode of identical numbering, control conducting or the cut-off of the PIN diode on each each arm of cross PIN diode, the frequency reconfigurable antenna of PLC technology can be realized, the directional diagram reconstructable aerial of PLC technology and the linear array antenna of PLC technology or planar array antenna.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
The reconfigurable antenna of the above-mentioned PLC technology based on cross PIN diode can according to the needs of communication system, by the real-time online programming Control of servo circuit to programmable voltage source output voltage.Control conducting or the cut-off of the PIN diode on each each arm of cross PIN diode, linear array antenna or the planar array antenna of the frequency reconfigurable antenna of PLC technology, the directional diagram reconstructable aerial of PLC technology and PLC technology can be realized.Thus reduce the complexity of traditional reconfigurable antenna and planar array antenna design, reduce weight and the cost of communication system.The bias voltage needed for antenna array realizing identical function compared with traditional antenna array based on horizontal PIN diode is less, and servo circuit is more simple, antenna system controls more flexibly, and power consumption is lower.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the 3 D stereo schematic diagram of cross PIN diode.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of cross PIN diode.
Fig. 3 is servo circuit and programmable voltage source.
Fig. 4 is the cross PIN diode array of the capable N row of M.
Fig. 5 is the reconfigurable antenna schematic diagram of the PLC technology based on cross PIN diode provided by the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further details, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 5 based on the reconfigurable antenna of the PLC technology of cross PIN diode, the aerial array 17 that the cross PIN diode that it comprises servo circuit 15, programmable voltage source 16 and M capable N row (M altogether × N number of) is formed.
Servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 carry out programming Control (see Fig. 3), make programmable voltage source 16 export the 5 × M × N road voltage meeting programming requirement; 5 electrodes in the cross PIN diode 14 that 5 × M × N road voltage that programmable voltage source exports arranges to the capable N of corresponding M in aerial array 17 (see Fig. 4) respectively (M altogether × N number of) are connected, and the voltage that namely programmable voltage source 16 exports links together (as output voltage V with the electrode wire of the cross PIN diode 14 of identical numbering
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4, 5 Electrode connection of the cross PIN diode 14 arranged with the i-th row jth respectively), as shown in Figure 5, control conducting and the cut-off of cross PIN diode 14, realize the frequency reconfigurable antenna of PLC technology.
As Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2, cross PIN diode 14 comprises the cross monocrystalline substrate 1 be made up of four arms successively, insulating buried layer 6, intrinsic region (comprises intrinsic region 2, intrinsic region 3, intrinsic region 4 and intrinsic region 5 form cross) and surface passivation layer 13, respectively be provided with a P injection region at the end of four arms of cross intrinsic region and surface passivation layer and (comprise P injection region 7, P injection region 8, P injection region 9 and P injection region 10), at decussation point, place is provided with a N injection region 11, each P injection region or N injection region are respectively provided with a metal electrode 12, exchange can be exchanged in P injection region wherein and the position of N injection region.
When a certain arm of cross PIN diode 14, (this sentences left arm is example, other each arms come to the same thing) on PIN diode two ends when adding forward bias voltage, namely the voltage in P district 9 is higher than the voltage certain numerical value in N district 11, the PIN diode conducting on the left arm of cross PIN diode 14; When cross PIN diode 14 two ends add reverse bias voltage, when namely the voltage in N district 11 is more than or equal to the voltage in P district 9, the PIN diode cut-off on the left arm of cross PIN diode 14.PIN diode on the left arm of the cross PIN diode 14 of forward conduction has the constant current of certain numerical value to flow through, now the charge carrier that be easy to move of intrinsic region 4 containing some.Carrier concentration when intrinsic region 4 need reach 10
18cm
-3or more time, now intrinsic region 4 has the conductive characteristic of metalloid.
For convenience of description, suppose that the intrinsic region length of the PIN diode on 4 arms of cross PIN diode 14 all in the cross PIN diode array 17 that the capable N of M arranges (M altogether × N number of) is all equal.
As shown in Figure 5, without loss of generality, servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 (amounting to 5 × M × N road to export) carry out programming Control, make programmable voltage source 16 export the voltage of 5 tunnel certain numerical value, are respectively V
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4, wherein V
i, j, 2>V
i, j, 0>V
i, j, 1=V
i, j, 3=V
i, j, 4, 5 road voltages are connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row, wherein V
i, j, 0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j, 1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j, 2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j, 3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j, 4be connected to the electrode in P district 10, the magnitude of voltage that other all outputs of programmable voltage source 16 export all equals zero.Therefore, the PIN diode conducting of the left arm of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row is only had in the cross PIN diode array 17 of now M capable N row and its intrinsic region 4 has the conductive characteristic of metalloid.If the metal electrode 12 of the P injection region (P district) 9 of the PIN diode now on the left arm of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row applies driving source, now just define the row ripple Straight Wire Antenna that an effective electrical length equals intrinsic region 4 length.
If now keep other conditions constant, servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 carry out programming Control, make programmable voltage source 16 export the voltage of 5 tunnel certain numerical value, are respectively V
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4, wherein V
i, j, 2=V
i, j, 3>V
i, j, 0>V
i, j, 1=V
i, j, 4, 5 road voltages are connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row, wherein V
i, j, 0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j, 1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j, 2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j, 3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j, 4be connected to the electrode in P district 10, the magnitude of voltage that other all outputs of programmable voltage source 16 export all equals zero.Therefore, the PIN diode conducting on the left arm of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row and right arm is only had in the cross PIN diode array 17 of now M capable N row and its intrinsic region 2 and intrinsic region 4 have the conductive characteristic of metalloid.If apply the invariant position of driving source, now just define an effective electrical length and equal the row ripple Straight Wire Antenna that intrinsic region 4 adds intrinsic region 2 length.Achieve the frequency reconfigurable antenna of PLC technology.Also other frequency reconfigurable antenna can be realized by similar method.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 5, the reconfigurable antenna of this PLC technology based on cross PIN diode, it comprises the cross PIN diode array 17 of the capable N row of servo circuit 15, programmable voltage source 16 and M.
Servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 carry out programming Control, make programmable voltage source 16 export the plurality of voltages meeting programming requirement; The cross PIN diode array 17 that the capable N of plurality of voltages M corresponding to antenna array that programmable voltage source 16 exports arranges is connected, namely the voltage that programmable voltage source 16 exports links together with the electrode wire of the cross PIN diode 14 of identical numbering, control conducting and the cut-off of cross PIN diode 14, the directional diagram reconstructable aerial of PLC technology can be realized.
For convenience of description, suppose that the intrinsic region length of the PIN diode on 4 arms of cross PIN diode 14 all in the cross PIN diode array 17 that the capable N of M arranges is all equal.
As shown in Figure 5, without loss of generality, servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 carry out programming Control, make programmable voltage source 16 export the voltage of 5 tunnel certain numerical value, are respectively V
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4, wherein V
i, j, 2>V
i, j, 0>V
i, j, 1=V
i, j, 3=V
i, j, 4, 5 road voltages are connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row, wherein V
i, j, 0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j, 1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j, 2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j, 3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j, 4be connected to the electrode in P district 10, the magnitude of voltage that other all outputs of programmable voltage source 16 export all equals zero.Therefore, the PIN diode conducting of the left arm of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row is only had in the cross PIN diode array 17 of now M capable N row and its intrinsic region 4 has the conductive characteristic of metalloid.If now apply driving source at the metal electrode 12 of the N injection region (N district) 11 of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row, now just define the row ripple Straight Wire Antenna that an effective electrical length equals intrinsic region 4 length.
If now keep other conditions constant, servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 carry out programming Control, make programmable voltage source 16 export the voltage of 5 tunnel certain numerical value, are respectively V
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4, wherein V
i, j, 1>V
i, j, 0>V
i, j, 2=V
i, j, 3=V
i, j, 4, 5 road voltages are connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row, wherein V
i, j, 0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j, 1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j, 2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j, 3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j, 4be connected to the electrode in P district 10, the magnitude of voltage that other all outputs of programmable voltage source 16 export all equals zero.Therefore, the PIN diode conducting on the upper arm of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row is only had in the cross PIN diode array 17 of now M capable N row and its intrinsic region 3 has the conductive characteristic of metalloid.If apply the invariant position of driving source, now just define the row ripple Straight Wire Antenna that an effective electrical length equals intrinsic region 3 length, the directional diagram of antenna has deflected 90 degree.Achieve the directional diagram reconstructable aerial of PLC technology.Also other directional diagram reconstructable aerial can be realized by similar method.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Figure 5, the reconfigurable antenna of this PLC technology based on cross PIN diode, it comprises the cross PIN diode array 17 of the capable N row of servo circuit 15, programmable voltage source 16 and M.
Servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 carry out programming Control, make programmable voltage source 16 export the plurality of voltages meeting programming requirement; The cross PIN diode array 17 that the capable N of plurality of voltages M corresponding to antenna array that programmable voltage source 16 exports arranges is connected, namely the voltage that programmable voltage source 16 exports links together with the electrode wire of the cross PIN diode 14 of identical numbering, control conducting and the cut-off of cross PIN diode 14, different linear array antennas can be realized.
For convenience of description, suppose that the distance in the cross PIN diode array 17 that the capable N of M arranges between adjacent two row is all equal; Suppose that the intrinsic region length of the PIN diode on 4 arms of cross PIN diode 14 all in the cross PIN diode array 17 that the capable N of M arranges is all equal, and the length of the intrinsic region 2,3,4,5 of PIN diode on each arm all equals λ/2, λ is the operation wavelength of antenna.
As shown in Figure 5, without loss of generality, servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 carry out programming Control, make programmable voltage source 16 export the voltage of 10 tunnel certain numerical value, are respectively V
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4, V
i, j+1,0, V
i, j+1,1, V
i, j+1,2, V
i, j+1,3, V
i, j+1,4, wherein V
i, j, 2=V
i, j, 3>V
i, j, 0>V
i, j, 1=V
i, j, 4, V
i, j+1,2=V
i, j ,+1,3>V
i, j+1,0>V
i, j+1,1=V
i, j+1,4, V
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4be connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row, wherein V
i, j, 0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j, 1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j, 2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j, 3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j, 4be connected to the electrode in P district 10; V
i, j+1,0, V
i, j+1,1, V
i, j+1,2, V
i, j+1,3, V
i, j+1,4be connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth+1 row, wherein V
i, j+1,0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j+1,1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j+1,2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j+1,3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j+1,4be connected to the electrode in P district 10; The magnitude of voltage that other all outputs of programmable voltage source 16 export all equals zero.Therefore, the jth of the i-th row is only had to arrange in the cross PIN diode array 17 of now M capable N row and PIN diode conducting on the left arm of cross PIN diode 14 of jth+1 row and right arm and its intrinsic region 2 and intrinsic region 4 have the conductive characteristic of metalloid.
If the metal electrode 12 now above the N injection region (N district) 11 of the cross PIN diode 14 that jth arranges and jth+1 arranges of the i-th row applies driving source, now just define a co-axial alignment binary half-wave dipole array antenna.
If now keep other conditions constant, servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 carry out programming Control, make programmable voltage source 16 export the voltage of 15 tunnel certain numerical value, are respectively V
i, j-1,0, V
i, j-1,1, V
i, j-1,2, V
i, j-1,3, V
i, j-1,4, V
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4, V
i, j+1,0, V
i, j+1,1, V
i, j+1,2, V
i, j+1,3, V
i, j+1,4, wherein V
i, j-1,2=V
i, j-1,3>V
i, j-1,0>V
i, j-1,1=V
i, j-1,4, V
i, j, 2=V
i, j, 3>V
i, j, 0>V
i, j, 1=V
i, j, 4, V
i, j+1,2=V
i, j ,+1,3>V
i, j+1,0>V
i, j+1,1=V
i, j+1,4.V
i, j-1,0, V
i, j-1,1, V
i, j-1,2, V
i, j-1,3, V
i, j-1,4be connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth-1 row, wherein V
i, j-1,0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j-1,1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j-1,2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j-1,3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j-1,4be connected to the electrode in P district 10; V
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4be connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row, wherein V
i, j, 0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j, 1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j, 2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j, 3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j, 4be connected to the electrode in P district 10; V
i, j+1,0, V
i, j+1,1, V
i, j+1,2, V
i, j+1,3, V
i, j+1,4be connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth+1 row, wherein V
i, j+1,0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j+1,1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j+1,2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j+1,3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j+1,4be connected to the electrode in P district 10; The magnitude of voltage that other all outputs of programmable voltage source 16 export all equals zero.
Therefore, only have in the cross PIN diode array 17 of now M capable N row that the jth-1 of the i-th row arranges, conductive characteristic that PIN diode conducting on the left arm of cross PIN diode 14 that jth row and jth+1 arrange and right arm and its intrinsic region 2 and intrinsic region 4 have metalloid.
If now arrange in the jth-1 of the i-th row, jth row and jth+1 arrange cross PIN diode 14 N injection region (N district) 11 above metal electrode 12 apply driving source, now just define a co-axial alignment ternary half-wave dipole array antenna.Also other different linear array antennas can be realized by similar method.
Embodiment 4:
As shown in Figure 5, the reconfigurable antenna of this PLC technology based on cross PIN diode, it comprises the cross PIN diode array 17 of the capable N row of servo circuit 15, programmable voltage source 16 and M.
Servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 carry out programming Control, make programmable voltage source 16 export the plurality of voltages meeting programming requirement; The cross PIN diode array 17 that the capable N of plurality of voltages M corresponding to antenna array that programmable voltage source 16 exports arranges is connected, namely the voltage that programmable voltage source 16 exports links together with the electrode wire of the cross PIN diode 14 of identical numbering, control conducting and the cut-off of cross PIN diode 14, different linear array antennas can be realized.
For convenience of description, suppose that the distance in the cross PIN diode array 17 that the capable N of M arranges between adjacent two row is all equal; Suppose that the intrinsic region length of the PIN diode on 4 arms of cross PIN diode 14 all in the cross PIN diode array 17 that the capable N of M arranges is all equal, and the length of the intrinsic region 2,3,4,5 of PIN diode on each arm all equals λ/2, λ is the operation wavelength of antenna.
As shown in Figure 5, without loss of generality, servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 carry out programming Control, make programmable voltage source 16 export the voltage of 10 tunnel certain numerical value, are respectively V
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4, V
i, j+1,0, V
i, j+1,1, V
i, j+1,2, V
i, j+1,3, V
i, j+1,4, wherein V
i, j, 1=V
i, j, 4>V
i, j, 0>V
i, j, 2=V
i, j, 3, V
i, j+1,1=V
i, j+1,4>V
i, j+1,0>V
i, j+1,2=V
i, j ,+1,3, V
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4be connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row, wherein V
i, j, 0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j, 1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j, 2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j, 3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j, 4be connected to the electrode in P district 10; V
i, j+1,0, V
i, j+1,1, V
i, j+1,2, V
i, j+1,3, V
i, j+1,4be connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth+1 row, wherein V
i, j+1,0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j+1,1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j+1,2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j+1,3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j+1,4be connected to the electrode in P district 10; The magnitude of voltage that other all outputs of programmable voltage source 16 export all equals zero.Therefore, the jth of the i-th row is only had to arrange in the cross PIN diode array 17 of now M capable N row and PIN diode conducting on the upper arm of cross PIN diode 14 of jth+1 row and underarm and its intrinsic region 3 and intrinsic region 5 have the conductive characteristic of metalloid.
If the metal electrode 12 now above the N injection region (N district) 11 of the cross PIN diode 14 that jth arranges and jth+1 arranges of the i-th row applies driving source, now just define a binary half-wave dipole array antenna arranged in parallel.
If now keep other conditions constant, servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 carry out programming Control, make programmable voltage source 16 export the voltage of 15 tunnel certain numerical value, are respectively V
i, j-1,0, V
i, j-1,1, V
i, j-1,2, V
i, j-1,3, V
i, j-1,4, V
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4, V
i, j+1,0, V
i, j+1,1, V
i, j+1,2, V
i, j+1,3, V
i, j+1,4, wherein V
i, j-1,1=V
i, j-1,4>V
i, j-1,0>V
i, j-1,2=V
i, j-1,3, V
i, j, 1=V
i, j, 4>V
i, j, 0>V
i, j, 2=V
i, j, 3, V
i, j+1,1=V
i, j+1,4>V
i, j+1,0>V
i, j+1,2=V
i, j ,+1,3, V
i, j-1,0, V
i, j-1,1, V
i, j-1,2, V
i, j-1,3, V
i, j-1,4be connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth-1 row, wherein V
i, j-1,0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j-1,1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j-1,2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j-1,3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j-1,4be connected to the electrode in P district 10; V
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4be connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row, wherein V
i, j, 0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j, 1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j, 2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j, 3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j, 4be connected to the electrode in P district 10; V
i, j+1,0, V
i, j+1,1, V
i, j+1,2, V
i, j+1,3, V
i, j+1,4be connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth+1 row, wherein V
i, j+1,0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j+1,1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j+1,2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j+1,3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j+1,4be connected to the electrode in P district 10; The magnitude of voltage that other all outputs of programmable voltage source 16 export all equals zero.
Therefore, only have in the cross PIN diode array 17 of now M capable N row that the jth-1 of the i-th row arranges, conductive characteristic that PIN diode conducting on the upper arm of cross PIN diode 14 that jth row and jth+1 arrange and underarm and its intrinsic region 3 and intrinsic region 5 have metalloid.
If now arrange in the jth-1 of the i-th row, jth row and jth+1 arrange cross PIN diode 14 N injection region (N district) 11 above metal electrode 12 apply driving source, now just define a ternary half-wave dipole array antenna arranged in parallel.Also other different linear array antennas can be realized by similar method.
The PIN diode conducting on certain arm of the cross PIN diode of different row or column can be selected by the method for online programming, different phased array beam scanning antennas can be realized by the phase place changing driving source.
Embodiment 5:
As shown in Figure 5, the reconfigurable antenna of this PLC technology based on cross PIN diode, it comprises the cross PIN diode array 17 of the capable N row of servo circuit 15, programmable voltage source 16 and M.
Servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 carry out programming Control, make programmable voltage source 16 export the plurality of voltages meeting programming requirement; The cross PIN diode array 17 that the capable N of plurality of voltages M corresponding to antenna array that programmable voltage source 16 exports arranges is connected, namely the voltage that programmable voltage source 16 exports links together with the electrode wire of the cross PIN diode 14 of identical numbering, control conducting and the cut-off of cross PIN diode 14, the planar array antenna of different spread geometry can be realized.
As shown in Figure 1, cross PIN diode 14 comprises monocrystalline substrate 1, intrinsic region 2, intrinsic region 3, intrinsic region 4, intrinsic region 5, insulating buried layer 6, P injection region 7, P injection region 8, P injection region 9, P injection region 10, N injection region (or P injection region) 11, metal electrode 12 and surface passivation layer 13.
When PIN diode two ends on a certain arm (this sentences left arm is example) of cross PIN diode 14 add forward bias voltage, namely the voltage in P district 9 is higher than the voltage certain numerical value in N district 11, the PIN diode conducting on the left arm of cross PIN diode 14; When cross PIN diode 14 two ends add reverse bias voltage, when namely the voltage in N district 11 is more than or equal to the voltage in P district 9, the PIN diode cut-off on the left arm of cross PIN diode 14.PIN diode on the left arm of the cross PIN diode 14 of forward conduction has the constant current of certain numerical value to flow through, now the charge carrier that be easy to move of intrinsic region 4 containing some.Carrier concentration when intrinsic region 4 need reach 10
18cm
-3or more time, now intrinsic region 4 has the conductive characteristic of metalloid.
For convenience of description, suppose that the distance in the cross PIN diode array 17 that the capable N of M arranges between adjacent two row is all equal; Suppose that the intrinsic region length of the PIN diode on 4 arms of cross PIN diode 14 all in the cross PIN diode array 17 that the capable N of M arranges is all equal, and the length of the intrinsic region 2,3,4,5 of PIN diode on each arm all equals λ/2, λ is the operation wavelength of antenna.
As shown in Figure 5, without loss of generality, servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 carry out programming Control, make programmable voltage source 16 export the voltage of 20 tunnel certain numerical value, are respectively V
i-1, j, 0, V
i-1, j, 1, V
i-1, j, 2, V
i-1, j, 3, V
i-1, j, 4, V
i, j-1,0, V
i, j-1,1, V
i, j-1,2, V
i, j-1,3, V
i, j-1,4, V
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4, V
i, j+1,0, V
i, j+1,1, V
i, j+1,2, V
i, j+1,3, V
i, j+1,4, wherein V
i-1, j, 2=V
i-1, j, 3>V
i-1, j, 0>V
i-1, j, 1=V
i-1, j, 4, V
i, j-1,2=V
i, j-1,3>V
i, j-1,0>V
i, j-1,1=V
i, j-1,4, V
i, j, 2=V
i, j, 3>V
i, j, 0>V
i, j, 1=V
i, j, 4, V
i, j+1,2=V
i, j+1,3>V
i, j+1,0>V
i, j+1,1=V
i, j+1,4, V
i-1, j, 0, V
i-1, j, 1, V
i-1, j, 2, V
i-1, j, 3, V
i-1, j, 4be connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th-1 row jth row, wherein V
i-1, j, 0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i-1, j, 1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i-1, j, 2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i-1, j, 3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i-1, j, 4be connected to the electrode in P district 10; V
i, j-1,0, V
i, j-1,1, V
i, j-1,2, V
i, j-1,3, V
i, j-1,4be connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth-1 row, wherein V
i, j-1,0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j-1,1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j-1,2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j-1,3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j-1,4be connected to the electrode in P district 10; V
i, j, 0, V
i, j, 1, V
i, j, 2, V
i, j, 3, V
i, j, 4be connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth row, wherein V
i, j, 0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j, 1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j, 2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j, 3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j, 4be connected to the electrode in P district 10; V
i, j+1,0, V
i, j+1,1, V
i, j+1,2, V
i, j+1,3, V
i, j+1,4be connected respectively on 5 electrodes of the cross PIN diode 14 of the i-th row jth+1 row, wherein V
i, j+1,0be connected to the electrode in N district 11, V
i, j+1,1be connected to the electrode in P district 8, V
i, j+1,2be connected to the electrode in P district 9, V
i, j+1,3be connected to the electrode in P district 7, V
i, j+1,4be connected to the electrode in P district 10; The magnitude of voltage that other all outputs of programmable voltage source 16 export all equals zero.Therefore, only have in the cross PIN diode array 17 of now M capable N row that the jth of the i-th-1 row arranges, the jth-1 of the i-th row arranges, conductive characteristic that PIN diode conducting on the left arm of cross PIN diode 14 that the jth row of the i-th row and the jth+1 of the i-th row arrange and right arm and its intrinsic region 2 and intrinsic region 4 have metalloid.
If the metal electrode 12 on the cross PIN diode 14N injection region (N district) 11 that the metal electrode 12 on the N injection region (N district) 11 of the cross PIN diode 14 of the metal electrode 12 on the N injection region (N district) 11 of the cross PIN diode 14 that the metal electrode 12 on the N injection region (N district) 11 of the cross PIN diode 14 now arranged in the jth of the i-th-1 row and the jth-1 of the i-th row arrange and the jth row of the i-th row and the jth+1 of the i-th row arrange applies driving source, now just define a planar array antenna.Also the planar array antenna of other difformities arrangement can be realized by similar method.
Embodiment 6:
Servo circuit 15 pairs of programmable voltage sources 16 carry out programming Control, make programmable voltage source 16 export the plurality of voltages meeting programming requirement; The cross PIN diode array 17 that the capable N of plurality of voltages M corresponding to antenna array that programmable voltage source exports arranges is connected, control the PIN diode conducting on each arm of cross PIN diode 14 and cut-off, can expand according to above-mentioned thinking, linear array antenna or the planar array antenna of the frequency reconfigurable antenna of other different PLC technology, the directional diagram reconstructable aerial of PLC technology and PLC technology can be realized.
Claims (8)
1. based on the reconfigurable antenna of the PLC technology of cross PIN diode, it is characterized in that, described antenna comprises: servo circuit, programmable voltage source and antenna array; Described antenna array arranges by the capable N of M the aerial array amounting to M × N number of cross PIN diode and form, each cross PIN diode is wherein an antenna element, each cross PIN diode has four arms, and the end of four arms and middle decussation point are respectively provided with an electrode; Servo circuit carries out programming Control to programmable voltage source, makes programmable voltage source export the 5 × M × N road voltage meeting programming requirement; 5 electrodes of M × N number of cross PIN diode that 5 × M × N road voltage that programmable voltage source exports is corresponding to antenna array are respectively connected, namely the voltage that programmable voltage source exports links together with the electrode wire of the cross PIN diode of identical numbering, controls conducting and the cut-off of the PIN diode on each each arm of cross PIN diode.
2. the reconfigurable antenna of the PLC technology based on cross PIN diode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cross PIN diode comprises the cross monocrystalline substrate be made up of four arms successively, insulating buried layer, intrinsic silicon area and surface passivation layer, a P injection region is respectively provided with at the end of four arms of cross intrinsic region and surface passivation layer, at decussation point, place is provided with a N injection region, each P injection region or N injection region are respectively provided with a metal electrode, wherein exchange can be exchanged in the position of P injection region and N injection region, insulating buried layer is aluminium nitride, the ratio of intrinsic silicon area and P district and the N district electrode length of top separately will equal 100.
3. the reconfigurable antenna of the PLC technology based on cross PIN diode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the cross PIN diode array of the capable N row of described M, the distance between each row cross PIN diode can equally also can not wait.
4. the reconfigurable antenna of the PLC technology based on cross PIN diode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the cross PIN diode array of described M capable N row, the distance between each row cross PIN diode can equal also can be unequal.
5. the reconfigurable antenna of the PLC technology based on cross PIN diode according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the decussation center of described cross PIN diode is N district, the other end of 4 arms and end are P district, or center is P district, the other end of 4 arms is N district, when a certain arm two ends add forward bias voltage, i.e. P district voltage higher than N district voltage value, and the PIN diode conducting on this arm of cross PIN diode; When a certain arm two ends add reverse bias voltage, namely N district voltage is more than or equal to P district voltage time, on this arm of cross PIN diode PIN diode cut-off; Forward biased PIN diode has the electric current of constant value to pass through, and now there is the charge carrier being easy to move the intrinsic region of PIN diode, and when intrinsic region, carrier concentration reaches 10
18cm
-3or more time, now intrinsic region has the conductive characteristic being similar to metal.
6. the reconfigurable antenna of the PLC technology based on cross PIN diode according to any one of claim 2 to 5, it is characterized in that, in the cross PIN diode array of the capable N row of described M, N district or the P district of each cross PIN diode center are multiplexing, isolate between each cross PIN diode with silicon dioxide; Each cross PIN diode also can rotate an angle along himself central point, forms " X " shape PIN diode.
7. the reconfigurable antenna of the PLC technology based on cross PIN diode according to any one of claim 2 to 5, it is characterized in that, intrinsic region length and the width of each cross PIN diode in described M capable N row cross PIN diode array can equally also can not wait, and the intrinsic region length of PIN diode on each arm of each cross PIN diode can equally also can not wait.
8. the reconfigurable antenna of the PLC technology based on cross PIN diode according to any one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, described programmable voltage source is under the programming Control of servo circuit, can real-time online programming output multi-channel voltage, each road voltage that programmable voltage source exports is connected with each electrode of corresponding cross PIN diode respectively, namely the voltage that programmable voltage source exports links together with the electrode wire of the cross PIN diode of identical numbering, control conducting or the cut-off of the PIN diode on each each arm of cross PIN diode, realize the frequency reconfigurable antenna of PLC technology, the directional diagram reconstructable aerial of PLC technology and the linear array antenna of PLC technology or planar array antenna.
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