CN113708076A - Electromagnetic super surface for generating full-space regulation and control carrying orbital angular momentum - Google Patents
Electromagnetic super surface for generating full-space regulation and control carrying orbital angular momentum Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
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Abstract
一种产生携带轨道角动量的全空间调控的电磁超表面，包括若干圆极化单元和一个馈源；若干圆极化单元均匀排布形成电磁超表面，馈源设置在电磁超表面正上方。本发明所述的电磁超表面能够在透射和反射方向同时产生不同圆极化的OAM涡旋波，在反射方向产生右旋圆极化且模态数为‑1的涡旋波，同时在透射方向产生左旋圆极化且模态数为1的涡旋波，且在透射方向发生了极化转换，实现了全空间调控。而且涡旋波随距离传播时，波束整体准直效果较好，解决了涡旋波衍射发散现象。
An electromagnetic metasurface capable of generating full space control carrying orbital angular momentum includes several circularly polarized units and a feed; several circularly polarized units are evenly arranged to form an electromagnetic metasurface, and the feed is arranged directly above the electromagnetic metasurface. The electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention can simultaneously generate OAM vortex waves with different circular polarizations in the transmission and reflection directions, and generate right-hand circularly polarized vortex waves with a modal number of -1 in the reflection direction. A vortex wave with left-handed circular polarization and a mode number of 1 is generated in the direction, and polarization conversion occurs in the transmission direction, realizing full-space control. Moreover, when the vortex wave propagates with distance, the overall beam collimation effect is better, which solves the phenomenon of vortex wave diffraction and divergence.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of regulation and control of orbital angular momentum electromagnetic waves, in particular to an electromagnetic super surface for generating full-space regulation and control carrying orbital angular momentum.
Background
With the rapid development of communication technologies, limited spectrum resources have been unable to meet the increasing data capacity. Therefore, under the current condition of shortage of spectrum resources, improving the spectrum utilization rate is one of the driving forces for solving the development of information technology. A beam with an equiphase surface in a non-planar form, i.e. an electromagnetic wave carrying Orbital Angular Momentum (Orbital Angular Momentum), starts to enter the field of view of the investigator. It is called a "vortex wave" because it propagates spirally forward along the beam axis. The orbital angular momentum wave shows a new degree of freedom due to carrying orbital angular momentum, theoretically, the orbital angular momentum wave has infinite non-interfering orthogonal modes at any frequency, and the channel capacity and the spectrum utilization rate can be greatly improved.
But the vortex wave has diffraction divergence effect in the process of propagation. The energy flow vector makes the energy distribution near the center of the beam axis almost zero in the helical forward propagation process. And as the transmission distance and the number of modes are increased, the hollow part of the vortex wave is gradually enlarged, which severely limits the practical application of the vortex wave. The bessel beam is concerned by many researchers due to the diffraction-free characteristic, and whether the diffraction divergence effect of the OAM vortex wave can be reduced and the transmission distance of the OAM vortex wave can be improved or not is researched by combining the diffraction-free energy focusing characteristic of the bessel beam. Although an absolutely diffraction-free bessel beam cannot be realized, an approximate bessel beam can still propagate a considerable distance without diffraction. The method has great research value and potential by converging the scattered beams of the orbital angular momentum wave by utilizing the diffraction-free characteristic of the Bessel beam.
The prior art discloses an artificial electromagnetic surface for generating a bessel beam carrying orbital angular momentum, by which quasi-planar electromagnetic waves of the artificial electromagnetic surface designed by the invention can be converted into bessel electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum. The invention discloses a lens and a method for generating Bessel beams carrying orbital angular momentum based on a super surface. The electromagnetic super-surface has the defects that Bessel wave beams carrying orbital angular momentum can be generated only in one direction, the electromagnetic wave regulation is realized, and the full-space regulation cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electromagnetic super-surface for generating full-space regulation carrying orbital angular momentum, so as to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an electromagnetic super surface for generating full-space regulation and control carrying orbital angular momentum comprises a plurality of circular polarization units and a feed source; a plurality of circular polarization units are uniformly distributed to form an electromagnetic super surface, and the feed source is arranged right above the electromagnetic super surface.
Further, the circular polarization unit comprises a metal pattern layer and a dielectric substrate, wherein the dielectric substrate is arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer of the same metal pattern layer.
Further, the metal pattern layer comprises a circular metal patch and a rectangular metal patch; the two rectangular metal patches are arranged on the diameter of the circular metal patch in parallel, and the respective middle points of the two rectangular metal patches are vertically provided with the rectangular metal patches connected with the circular metal patch.
Further, the length d of two rectangular metal patches on the diameter is 6.65mm, the distance s is 0.1mm, and the width w of the rectangular metal patches is 0.2 mm.
Further, the period p of the circular polarization unit is 12 mm; the inner diameter r1 of the circular metal patch is 4.2mm, and the outer diameter r2 is 4.4 mm.
Further, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 2.2, and the height h is 2.9 mm.
Furthermore, the feed source is a right-hand circularly polarized horn antenna, the working frequency is 10GHz, and the focal length F is 272.5mm, namely the phase center of the right-hand circularly polarized horn is located 272.5mm directly above the super surface.
Furthermore, the number of the circular polarization units is 33 × 33, and the size of the electromagnetic super surface is 0.4m × 0.4 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the electromagnetic super-surface comprises a plurality of circular polarization units and a feed source, the circular polarization units are arranged according to the phase compensation quantity to form an artificial electromagnetic super-surface, the rotation angle of the periodic unit at each position of the super-surface array is half of the phase compensation quantity, and the used empty feed source is a right-hand circular polarization horn antenna. The electromagnetic super-surface can generate OAM vortex waves with different circular polarizations in the transmission and reflection directions simultaneously, and polarization conversion is carried out in the transmission direction, so that full-space regulation is realized. And when the vortex wave is propagated along with the distance, the whole collimation effect of the wave beam is better, and the phenomenon of diffraction and divergence of the vortex wave is solved. The method can be used in multiple fields of wireless communication, radar imaging, target detection and the like.
The electromagnetic super-surface can generate OAM vortex waves with different circular polarizations in the transmission direction and the reflection direction simultaneously, generate vortex waves with right-hand circular polarization and the mode number of-1 in the reflection direction, simultaneously generate vortex waves with left-hand circular polarization and the mode number of 1 in the transmission direction, and perform polarization conversion in the transmission direction, thereby realizing total space regulation. And when the vortex wave is propagated along with the distance, the whole collimation effect of the wave beam is better, and the phenomenon of diffraction and divergence of the vortex wave is solved.
Compared with natural substances, the artificial electromagnetic super-surface has special properties. The invention utilizes the phase mutation function of the artificial electromagnetic super surface, so that the quasi-plane electromagnetic wave of the artificial electromagnetic super surface designed by the invention can be converted into Bessel electromagnetic wave carrying orbital angular momentum.
Compared with other super-surface or orbital angular momentum wave generating antennas, the electromagnetic super-surface for generating full-space regulation of Bessel beams carrying orbital angular momentum has the advantages of high transmission efficiency, light weight, low profile, easiness in manufacturing and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a circular polarization unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simulation result of TE and TM wave irradiation of a cell in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a simulation result of right-hand circularly polarized wave irradiation of a cell in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a vector phase overlay of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the results of electric field simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a pictorial representation of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of electric field testing according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings:
example (b):
the invention mainly comprises an electromagnetic super surface working at 10GHz and a feed source, wherein the electromagnetic super surface comprises a plurality of circular polarization units, and the following components:
the circular polarization unit consists of an upper layer of metal pattern layer, a lower layer of metal pattern layer and a middle medium substrate, and the period p of the unit is 12 mm. The metal pattern layer comprises a circular metal patch and a rectangular metal patch which is connected with the circular metal patch into a whole. The inner diameter r1 of the circular metal patch is 4.2mm, the outer diameter r2 is 4.4mm, the width w of the rectangular metal patch is 0.2mm, the length d of the middle 2 rectangular metal patches is 6.65mm, and the distance s is 0.1 mm. The relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 2.2, and the height h is 2.9 mm. At the working frequency, when the right-hand circularly polarized wave irradiation unit is used, the left-hand circularly polarized wave in the transmitted wave is dominant, and the right-hand circularly polarized wave part is extremely small; the right-hand circularly polarized wave in the reflected wave is dominant, and the left-hand circularly polarized wave part is small, so that the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave can be regulated and controlled in a full space.
The air feed source used by the invention is a right-hand circularly polarized horn antenna, and the focal length F is 272.5mm, namely the phase center of the right-hand circularly polarized horn is positioned 272.5mm right above the super surface.
The center of the electromagnetic super surface is an original point, a straight line which passes through the original point and is vertical to the artificial electromagnetic surface is a z-axis, the coordinates of the center of any circular polarized unit relative to the original point are (x, y), and the phase compensation quantity of the circular polarized unit
The angle of rotation of the periodic unit at each position of the super-surface array is
Wherein beta is 10 degrees and is the included angle between the Bessel beam emitting direction and the z axis, the mode number l is 1, lambda is the wavelength under the working frequency, the unit number is 33, and the size of the electromagnetic super surface is 0.4 m.
The effect of the present embodiment can be further illustrated by the following simulation and implementation diagrams:
the results of full-wave simulation calculation in HFSS simulation environment for the embodiment of the present invention are shown in fig. 6, and fig. 6 shows the simulation results of bessel beam propagation in longitudinal and transverse planes. From the longitudinal propagation, the energy at the center of the beam propagation axis is small and the beam collimation is good regardless of the reflection or transmission direction. On the whole, the Bessel wave beam has no obvious divergence effect, and the diffraction divergence phenomenon of the vortex wave in the transmission process is well solved.
The embodiment of the invention is processed and actually measured in a microwave darkroom environment to obtain the test result shown in fig. 8. The test result shows that the center circle of the circularly polarized amplitude distribution is small, is consistent with the characteristics of zero depth of the center, is well matched with the simulation result, and accords with the characteristics of OAM vortex waves.
Claims (8)
1. An electromagnetic super surface for generating full-space regulation and control carrying orbital angular momentum is characterized by comprising a plurality of circular polarization units and a feed source; a plurality of circular polarization units are uniformly distributed to form an electromagnetic super surface, and the feed source is arranged right above the electromagnetic super surface.
2. The electromagnetic super-surface for generating full-space modulation carrying orbital angular momentum of claim 1, wherein the circular polarization unit comprises a metal pattern layer and a dielectric substrate, wherein the dielectric substrate is arranged between an upper layer and a lower layer of the same metal pattern layer.
3. The electromagnetic super-surface for generating full-space modulation carrying orbital angular momentum of claim 2, wherein the metal pattern layer comprises circular metal patches and rectangular metal patches; the two rectangular metal patches are arranged on the diameter of the circular metal patch in parallel, and the respective middle points of the two rectangular metal patches are vertically provided with the rectangular metal patches connected with the circular metal patch.
4. An electromagnetic super-surface for generating full spatial modulation carrying orbital angular momentum as claimed in claim 3 wherein two rectangular metal patches in diameter have a length d of 6.65mm, a spacing s of 0.1mm and a width w of 0.2 mm.
5. A full-space modulated electromagnetic super-surface carrying orbital angular momentum as defined in claim 2, wherein the period p of the circularly polarized element is 12 mm; the inner diameter r1 of the circular metal patch is 4.2mm, and the outer diameter r2 is 4.4 mm.
6. A full-space modulated electromagnetic super-surface carrying orbital angular momentum as defined in claim 2, wherein the dielectric substrate has a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and a height h of 2.9 mm.
7. An electromagnetic super-surface for generating full spatial modulation carrying orbital angular momentum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed is a right-hand circular polarized horn antenna with a frequency of 10GHz and a focal length F272.5 mm, i.e. the phase center of the right-hand circular polarized horn is located 272.5mm directly above the super-surface.
8. The electromagnetic super surface for generating full space modulation carrying orbital angular momentum of claim 1, wherein the number of circularly polarized elements is 33 x 33, and the size of the electromagnetic super surface is 0.4m x 0.4 m.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN114221138A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-03-22 | 北京芯可鉴科技有限公司 | Artificial electromagnetic super surface and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114927861A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-19 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Circular polarization full-space super-surface six-mode vortex wave generator and regulation and control method |
| CN114976666A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-08-30 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Two-layer frequency multi-reflection metasurface and its design method |
| CN115764323A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-03-07 | 湖南第一师范学院 | Design method, device and medium of polarization-independent metasurface with specific functions |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114221138A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-03-22 | 北京芯可鉴科技有限公司 | Artificial electromagnetic super surface and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114221138B (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-04-29 | 北京芯可鉴科技有限公司 | Artificial electromagnetic metasurface and method of making the same |
| CN114927861A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-19 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Circular polarization full-space super-surface six-mode vortex wave generator and regulation and control method |
| CN114927861B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-07-04 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Circular polarization full-space super-surface six-mode vortex wave generator and regulation and control method |
| CN114976666A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-08-30 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Two-layer frequency multi-reflection metasurface and its design method |
| CN114976666B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2024-01-30 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Double-layer frequency multi-element reflection super-surface and design method |
| CN115764323A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-03-07 | 湖南第一师范学院 | Design method, device and medium of polarization-independent metasurface with specific functions |
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