CN104716392B - A kind of flow battery structure - Google Patents

A kind of flow battery structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104716392B
CN104716392B CN201310694102.3A CN201310694102A CN104716392B CN 104716392 B CN104716392 B CN 104716392B CN 201310694102 A CN201310694102 A CN 201310694102A CN 104716392 B CN104716392 B CN 104716392B
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electrode
battery
bipolar plates
thickness
gasket
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CN104716392A (en
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刘涛
张华民
李先锋
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96Carbon-based electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H01M8/188Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of flow battery structures, including bipolar plates, gasket, electrode, diaphragm, electrode, gasket, the bipolar plates overlapped successively, and the flow battery does not include electrode frame, and electrolyte channel is arranged in bipolar plates, interpolar between bipolar plates away from(Thickness without bipolar plates)For 0.5~5mm.This kind of battery structure is using smaller interpolar away from the bulk resistance of electrode and electrolyte being reduced, to reduce the ohmic internal resistance of flow battery.The present invention improves the energy efficiency and voltage efficiency of flow battery, to which its working current density can be improved under the premise of ensureing that energy efficiency is constant, and then improves the power density of flow battery.

Description

A kind of flow battery structure
Technical field
The present invention relates to the flow battery fields in chemical energy storage technology, more particularly to the battery knot of all-vanadium flow battery Structure.
Background technology
All-vanadium flow battery is because it is mutual indepedent with output power and capacity, system flexible design;Energy efficiency is high, the longevity Life length, operation stability and reliability are high, and self discharge is low;Addressing degree of freedom is big, and simply, operation cost is low for pollution-free, maintenance, peace The advantages that property is high entirely has vast potential for future development in terms of scale energy storage, it is considered to be it is renewable to solve solar energy, wind energy etc. The effective ways of energy electricity generation system randomness and intermittent unstable state feature, in renewable energy power generation and intelligent grid construction In have great demand.
Currently, it is exactly of high cost to restrict the commercialized major limitation of all-vanadium flow battery.Battery cost is reduced, is mainly had Two approach, first, reducing the cost of the materials such as its critical material such as electrode, film, bipolar plates;First, the power for improving battery is close Degree, reduces the cost of whole system.Moreover, the raising of power density can also reduce floor space and the space of energy-storage system, The mobility for improving its adaptive capacity to environment and system extends the application field of flow battery.And to improve flow battery Power density is typically realized by improving its working current density.In addition, in scale stored energy application, flow battery Energy efficiency is to weigh one of the key index of the battery practicability.Usually, the criterion that battery can be practical is defined as battery Energy efficiency is higher than 80%.Therefore, improve flow battery working current density to establish ensure its energy efficiency be not less than Under the premise of 80%.
The working current density of flow battery operation at present is relatively low(<100mA/cm2), only Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells / 10th of working current density cause battery module volume big, and materials demand amount is big, of high cost.Due to all-vanadium flow electricity The current efficiency in pond increases with the raising of working current density, therefore improves the working current density of battery only need will be electric Pressure efficiency is maintained at a higher value, i.e., reduces battery polarization as much as possible, reduces voltage loss.Influence voltage efficiency Polarization mainly include ohmic polarization, activation polarization and concentration polarization.
Mainly have for the method for reducing battery polarization in current published patent document:
(1)Metallization or oxidation modification processing are carried out to electrode material such as graphite felt, carbon paper etc., modified in carbon fiber surface Upper metal ion or oxygen-containing functional group improve the electro catalytic activity of electrode, reduce the activation polarization of battery, such as patent CN The method that electrochemical oxidation is carried out to graphite felt disclosed in 101465417A and CN 101182678A.But this kind of method is The activation polarization for reducing battery, the ohmic polarization to reducing battery do not help.And the reduction of ohmic polarization is for improving It is more important for the working current density of battery, because activation polarization is directly proportional to the logarithm of electric current, and ohmic voltage drop It is then directly proportional with the size of electric current.Therefore, with the raising of working current density, the influence of battery ohmic internal resistance can increasingly Greatly.
(2)Research and develop electrode and the integrated combination electrode of bipolar plates, i.e. integrated pole dual-pole board reduces electricity Contact resistance between the bipolar plates of pole.As disclosed in CN 101009376A, bipolar plates and porous electrode are passed through into conductive bond material Material is bonded together to form integrated pole dual-pole board.However, the ohmic internal resistance of all-vanadium flow battery includes mainly electrode, bipolar Contact resistance between plate, electrolyte and the bulk resistance and electrode and bipolar plates of diaphragm.It is double that this method only reduces electrode Contact resistance between pole plate, the bulk resistance on accounting for the larger electrode of internal resistance of cell proportion and electrolyte have no influence, therefore right In the raising limitation of voltage efficiency and energy efficiency.
Currently, the structure of flow battery is as shown in Figure 1, generally include cell end plate, bipolar plates, gasket, electrode frame, electricity Pole and diaphragm, electrolyte channel are generally located in electrode frame, therefore electrode frame is caused to have certain thickness, along with electricity Pole frame both sides will place gasket to keep sealing, and cause thickness of electrode too thick, generally will be in 5mm or more.This structure Consequence to be exactly electrode will select thicker carbon felt or graphite felt, the electricity for leading to electrode body resistance and being stored in porous electrode It is all bigger than normal to solve liquid resistance, it is excessive to thereby result in ohmic polarization, and higher energy efficiency can not be kept under high working current density.
Invention content
The present invention is directed to reduce the ohmic internal resistance of flow battery by the design of battery structure, the work electricity of battery is improved Current density, to achieve the purpose that improve cell power density.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows,
A kind of flow battery structure, including the bipolar plates, gasket, electrode, diaphragm, electrode, gasket, double that overlap successively Pole plate, the flow battery do not include electrode frame, and electrolyte channel is arranged in bipolar plates, interpolar between bipolar plates away from(No Thickness containing bipolar plates)For 0.5~5mm.
The battery structure of the present invention is illustrated with reference to Fig. 2.
As shown in Fig. 2, the high power density flow battery structure of the present invention includes cell end plate 1, bipolar plates 2, gasket 3, electrode 5 and diaphragm 6, gasket 3 plays a part of to seal simultaneously and fixed electrode position, the bipolar plate surfaces need to process snake Shape and interdigital runner are conducive to the circulation of electrolyte as shown in figure 3, to reduce electrolyte flow resistance.
Wherein:
The thickness of the electrode is 0.2~2.5mm, and the material of the electrode is graphite felt, carbon felt, carbon paper and carbon cloth, thickness Degree is 0.2~4mm, and when being assembled into battery, the pressure of electrode material is deeply than being 1.1~2.
The diaphragm is cation-exchange membrane, anion-exchange membrane or perforated membrane, and thickness is 25~200 μm.
The bipolar plates are graphite cake and carbon plastic clad plate, and thickness is 0.5~5mm.
The bipolar plate surfaces need to process snakelike and/or interdigital runner.
The gasket is the gasket seal of hollow ring, and material is fluorubber, silicon rubber or ethylene propylene diene rubber, thickness It is identical as thickness of electrode, it is 0.2~2.5mm.
Further, battery structure of the invention further include the cell end plate overlapped successively, bipolar plates, gasket, electrode, Diaphragm, electrode, gasket, bipolar plates, cell end plate.
Battery structure of the present invention can be applied to all-vanadium flow battery, zinc-bromine flow battery, sodium polysulfide bromine flow battery or Zn-Ni liquid battery.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1)Battery structure using the present invention, since interpolar is away from reduction so that the thickness of porous electrode reduces, and reduces The bulk resistance of electrode improves the voltage efficiency and energy efficiency of battery to reduce the ohmic internal resistance of battery.
(2)Battery structure using the present invention, since interpolar is away from reduction, reduce the amount of storage of electrolyte in the battery with Reduce the bulk resistance of electrolyte so that the ohmic internal resistance of battery reduces, and improves the voltage efficiency and energy efficiency of battery.
(3)Using the flow battery of battery structure of the present invention, under the premise of energy efficiency is maintained at 80% or more, work Current density can be increased to 160mA/cm2, power density can be improved one times so that the battery weight of identical output power, body Product and cost substantially reduce.
(4)The configuration of the present invention is simple, easily operated assembling, and electrode material dosage are reduced, and there is commercialization to promote and apply Value.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the single-cell structure schematic diagram of flow battery in the prior art,
Wherein:1 cell end plate;2 bipolar plates(Collector plate);3 gaskets;4 electrode frames;5 electrodes;6 diaphragms;
Fig. 2 is the single-cell structure schematic diagram of flow battery of the present invention,
Wherein:1 cell end plate;2 bipolar plates(Collector plate);3 gaskets;5 electrodes;6 diaphragms;
Fig. 3 is the bipolar plate runner schematic diagram of flow battery of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is charging and discharging curve of the all-vanadium flow monocell in different current densities in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
It is assembled into all-vanadium liquid flow energy storage monocell according to structure shown in Fig. 2, wherein bipolar plates 2 are the non-porous of thickness 2mm Graphite cake, surface engraving have Fig. 3(a)Shown depth is 0.5mm, and width is the serpentine flow path of 1mm;Gasket 3 is 1.5mm thick Fluorubber;Electrode 5 is the carbon felt of 3mm thickness, apparent area 48cm2;Diaphragm 6 is Nafion115 films.At this point, the pole of the battery Spacing is 3mm or so, and charging and discharging curve and battery efficiency of the battery under different current densities are as shown in Figure 4 and Table 1.
Using the monocell of battery structure of the present invention, current density 80mA/cm2When, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency are divided It Wei 91.8% and 86.1%;Current density is increased to 160mA/cm2When, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency still remain in 84.7% With 80%.When energy efficiency is maintained at 80% or more, 0.2W/ can reach using the power density of battery structure monocell of the present invention cm2, it is doubled compared with the battery in comparative example.
Embodiment 2
It is assembled into all-vanadium liquid flow energy storage monocell according to structure shown in Fig. 2, wherein bipolar plates 2 are the carbon of thickness 1.5mm Fig. 3 is carved on plastic clad plate, surface(b)Shown in depth be 0.5mm, width be 1mm interdigital runner;Gasket 3 is 2.5mm thick Ethylene propylene diene rubber;Electrode 5 is the carbon felt of 4mm thickness, apparent area 48cm2;Diaphragm 6 is Nafion115 films.At this point, should For the interpolar of battery away from for 5mm or so, battery efficiency of the battery under different current densities is as shown in table 1.
Using the monocell of battery structure of the present invention, current density 80mA/cm2When, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency are divided It Wei 91.2% and 85.9%;Current density is increased to 160mA/cm2When, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency still remain in 82.3% With 79.3%.
Embodiment 3
It is assembled into all-vanadium liquid flow energy storage monocell according to structure shown in Fig. 2, wherein bipolar plates 2 are the non-porous of thickness 2mm Fig. 3 is carved on graphite cake, surface(b)Shown in depth be 0.5mm, width be 1mm interdigital runner;Gasket 3 is 0.25mm thick Fluorubber;Electrode 5 is the carbon paper of 0.25mm thickness, apparent area 48cm2;Diaphragm 6 is Nafion115 films.At this point, the battery Interpolar away from for 0.5mm or so, battery efficiency of the battery under different current densities is as shown in table 1.
Using the monocell of battery structure of the present invention, current density 80mA/cm2When, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency are divided It Wei 92.1% and 86.9%;Current density is increased to 160mA/cm2When, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency still remain in 84.3% With 80.8%.
Embodiment 4
It is assembled into all-vanadium liquid flow energy storage monocell according to structure shown in Fig. 2, wherein bipolar plates 2 are the non-porous of thickness 2mm Fig. 3 is carved on graphite cake, surface(b)Shown in depth be 0.5mm, width be 1mm interdigital runner;Gasket 3 is the fluorine of 1mm thickness Rubber;Electrode 5 is the carbon felt of 2mm thickness, apparent area 48cm2;Diaphragm 6 is Nafion115 films.At this point, the interpolar of the battery Away from for 2mm or so, battery efficiency of the battery under different current densities is as shown in table 1.
Using the monocell of battery structure of the present invention, current density 80mA/cm2When, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency are divided It Wei 93% and 87.2%;Current density is increased to 160mA/cm2When, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency still remain in 85.8% He 81.4%。
Comparative example
It is assembled into all-vanadium liquid flow energy storage monocell according to structure shown in FIG. 1, wherein bipolar plates 2 are the non-porous of thickness 2mm Graphite cake, surface is without runner;Gasket 3 is the silicon rubber of 0.5mm thickness;Electrode frame 4 is the polyvinyl chloride frame of 4mm thickness;Electrode 5 is The carbon felt of 7mm thickness, apparent area 48cm2;Diaphragm 6 is Nafion115 films.At this point, the interpolar of the battery is away from for 10mm or so, Battery efficiency of the battery under different current densities is as shown in table 1.Current density is 80mA/cm2When, voltage efficiency and can dose-effect Rate is respectively 84.6% and 81.4%;When current density is increased to 120mA/cm2When, energy efficiency only has 75.2%, less than 80%.Cause This, when energy efficiency is maintained at 80% or more, its power density is only 0.1W/cm2Left and right.
Battery efficiency of the table 1 using all-vanadium liquid flow energy storage monocell when battery structure of the present invention under different current densities

Claims (7)

1. a kind of flow battery structure, including the bipolar plates, gasket, electrode, diaphragm, electrode, gasket, bipolar that overlap successively Plate, it is characterised in that:The flow battery does not include electrode frame, and electrolyte channel is arranged the electrode in bipolar plates and corresponds to area Domain, interpolar between bipolar plates is away from for 0.5~5mm, and the interpolar is away from the thickness without bipolar plates;The thickness of the electrode Material for 0.2~2.5mm, the electrode is carbon felt, carbon paper and carbon cloth, and the thickness of electrode material is 0.2~4mm, assembling When at battery, the pressure of electrode material is deeply than being 1.1 ~ 2;The electrolyte channel is that bipolar plate surfaces processing is snakelike and/or interdigital Runner, 0.5 mm of flow channel depth.
2. according to battery structure described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The diaphragm is cation-exchange membrane, anion friendship Film or perforated membrane are changed, thickness is 25 ~ 200 μm.
3. according to battery structure described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The bipolar plates be graphite cake or carbon plastic clad plate, Thickness is 0.5~5mm.
4. according to battery structure described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The gasket is fluorubber, silicon rubber or ternary EP rubbers, thickness is identical as thickness of electrode, is 0.2~2.5mm.
5. according to battery structure described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Battery structure can be applied to all-vanadium flow battery, zinc Bromine flow battery, sodium polysulfide bromine flow battery or Zn-Ni liquid battery.
6. according to battery structure described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Including the cell end plate, bipolar plates, close overlapped successively Packing, electrode, diaphragm, electrode, gasket, bipolar plates, cell end plate.
7. according to the battery structure of claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that:Gasket is the gasket seal of hollow ring.
CN201310694102.3A 2013-12-15 2013-12-15 A kind of flow battery structure Active CN104716392B (en)

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106876745A (en) * 2015-12-12 2017-06-20 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 A kind of flow battery bipolar plates containing speed change runner

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CN106876762A (en) * 2015-12-12 2017-06-20 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 A kind of flow battery bipolar plates that interdigital runner is deepened containing broadening
CN106876765B (en) * 2015-12-13 2019-08-09 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 A kind of flow cell pile
CN107565146B (en) * 2016-06-30 2020-02-21 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Bipolar plate for flow battery and preparation and application thereof
CN108598543B (en) * 2018-06-27 2021-07-06 西安交通大学 Flow battery
CN111106397B (en) * 2018-10-25 2021-04-30 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Zinc-nickel accumulator
KR102645988B1 (en) * 2018-11-13 2024-03-08 주식회사 엘지화학 Bipolar plate and unit cell for redox flow cell battery and redox flow battery comprising the same
CN110718708A (en) * 2019-09-11 2020-01-21 浙江大学 Variable porosity electrode structure flow battery capable of improving battery efficiency
CN112768721B (en) * 2021-02-02 2023-03-24 武汉理工大学 Composite serpentine flow channel structure and all-vanadium redox flow battery comprising same

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CN102522577A (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-06-27 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Current collecting plates and liquid stream battery stack adopting same
CN202454666U (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-09-26 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Collector plate and liquid flow battery stack comprising the same
CN102867978A (en) * 2011-07-05 2013-01-09 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Flow energy storage battery structure

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CN102522577A (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-06-27 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Current collecting plates and liquid stream battery stack adopting same
CN202454666U (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-09-26 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Collector plate and liquid flow battery stack comprising the same

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CN106876745A (en) * 2015-12-12 2017-06-20 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 A kind of flow battery bipolar plates containing speed change runner

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