CN107565146B - Bipolar plate for flow battery and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents

Bipolar plate for flow battery and preparation and application thereof Download PDF

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CN107565146B
CN107565146B CN201610498127.XA CN201610498127A CN107565146B CN 107565146 B CN107565146 B CN 107565146B CN 201610498127 A CN201610498127 A CN 201610498127A CN 107565146 B CN107565146 B CN 107565146B
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bipolar plate
conductive filler
carbon
temperature
hot pressing
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CN107565146A (en
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刘涛
张华民
李先锋
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Zhongke Energy Materials Technology Dalian Co ltd
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention relates to a flow battery bipolar plate and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the bipolar plate is a carbon-plastic composite plate consisting of polypropylene with a melt index of 2-10, conductive filler and lubricant, or consists of polypropylene with a melt index of 2-10 and conductive filler, the mass fraction of the polypropylene is 15-35%, the mass fraction of the conductive filler is 65-85%, and the mass fraction of the lubricant is 0-2%. The bipolar plate solves the problem of poor toughness of the carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate with high-content conductive filler, has high conductivity and good toughness, and can reduce the body resistance and the contact resistance of the bipolar plate on the premise of ensuring the assembly of a pile, thereby reducing the ohmic internal resistance of a flow energy storage battery.

Description

Bipolar plate for flow battery and preparation and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of a bipolar plate material of a flow battery, in particular to a bipolar plate of an all-vanadium flow battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The all-vanadium redox flow battery has the advantages that the output power and the capacity are mutually independent, and the system design is flexible; the energy efficiency is high, the service life is long, the operation stability and reliability are high, and the self-discharge is low; the method has the advantages of large site selection freedom degree, no pollution, simple maintenance, low operation cost, high safety and the like, has wide development prospect in the aspect of scale energy storage, is considered as an effective method for solving the randomness and intermittent unsteady state characteristics of a solar energy and wind energy renewable energy power generation system and the like, and has important requirements in the construction of renewable energy power generation and an intelligent power grid.
The bipolar plate is used as a key component of the flow battery, plays a role of connecting single batteries in series to form an electric stack, and needs to have good conductivity, liquid resistance, chemical stability and certain mechanical strength.
The bipolar plate material mainly used at present is a hard graphite plate or a carbon-plastic composite material. The hard graphite plate has the characteristics of high conductivity, good liquid resistance and good chemical stability, but the practical application of the hard graphite plate is limited due to high cost and poor mechanical property. The carbon-plastic composite material is a bipolar plate material which is widely concerned at present, and has the main advantages of simple processing, low cost and easy realization of large-scale production. However, such materials are less conductive and in order to increase the conductivity, the content of the conductive filler in the material needs to be increased. However, too high a content of conductive filler may embrittle the plate and make it unsuitable for stack assembly. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate with high conductivity and high toughness.
In order to pursue high power density and low internal resistance of the all-vanadium redox flow battery, high conductivity of the bipolar plate is required, and the content of the conductive filler is increased when the conductivity is increased. In order to prepare the carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate material with the bulk conductivity higher than 10S/cm, the mass fraction of the conductive filler is usually over 60%, at the moment, the polymer matrix contains a large amount of conductive filler, so that the viscosity is increased, the fluidity is reduced, and the forming processing is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a bipolar plate for a flow battery with high conductivity and high toughness and a preparation method thereof, so as to reduce the internal resistance of the battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the bipolar plate provided by the invention is a carbon-plastic composite plate consisting of polypropylene with a melt index of 2-10, conductive filler and lubricant, or a carbon-plastic composite plate consisting of polypropylene with a melt index of 2-10 and conductive filler, wherein the mass fraction of the polypropylene is 15-35%, the mass fraction of the conductive filler is 65-85%, and the mass fraction of the lubricant is 0-2%.
Wherein the polypropylene is extrusion grade polypropylene, and the melt index is preferably 2-5;
the conductive filler is one or more of graphite, carbon black, carbon fiber, graphite fiber, acetylene black and carbon nano tubes;
the lubricant is one or more of polyethylene wax, stearic acid, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, paraffin and vinyl bis stearamide.
The melt index is measured at 230 ℃/2.16kg using ASTM D1238 standard test method.
The carbon-plastic composite board is prepared by blending the raw materials and then adopting a die pressing process or an extrusion calendaring forming process.
The method for preparing the bipolar plate comprises the following steps:
1. adopting an internal mixing mode to uniformly mix the polymer, the conductive filler and the lubricant or the polymer and the conductive filler according to the required proportion, wherein the internal mixing temperature is 200 ℃ and 240 ℃, and the rotating speed of a rotor is 40-60 r/min;
2. and (3) putting the uniformly mixed internal mixing material into a die, and pressing the internal mixing material into the bipolar plate by adopting a hot pressing mode, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 180-220 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 5-50 MPa, and the hot pressing time is 1-30 min.
Or crushing the uniformly mixed banburying material by a crusher, preparing the carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate by adopting an extrusion calendaring process and using a single-screw extruder or a double-screw extruder, wherein the temperature of a charging barrel is 180-220 ℃, the temperature of a neck mold is 160-200 ℃, and the rotating speed of a main machine is 5-15 rpm.
The bipolar plate can be applied to all-vanadium flow batteries, zinc-bromine flow batteries, sodium polysulfide-bromine flow batteries or tin-vanadium flow batteries.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) compared with the existing carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate, the bipolar plate provided by the invention has higher bulk conductivity due to the improvement of the content of the conductive filler, so that the bulk resistance and the contact resistance of the bipolar plate can be reduced, and the internal resistance of a battery is further reduced.
(2) Compared with a hard graphite plate, the bipolar plate has higher toughness and can improve the assembly condition of the flow battery.
(3) The bipolar plate provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation method, easily controlled production process, easy batch preparation, low price of used raw materials and capability of realizing localization of all the raw materials.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
0.5kg of polypropylene (with the melt index of 5), 0.8kg of graphite powder, 0.7kg of carbon black, 10g of polyethylene wax and 10g of zinc stearate are respectively weighed and added into an internal mixer, the internal mixing temperature is 220 ℃, the rotor speed is 50r/min, and the internal mixing time is 20 minutes. And then crushing the uniformly mixed banburying material by a crusher, feeding the crushed banburying material into a single-screw extruder, extruding a sheet at the charging barrel temperature of the extruder of 200 ℃, the main machine rotating speed of 10rpm and the mouth mold temperature of 190 ℃, and performing calendaring molding to obtain the carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate with the thickness of 1 mm.
The results of testing the conductivity, contact resistance and mechanical properties of the bipolar plate of the present embodiment and the carbon-plastic composite plate of each comparative example are shown in table 1, and compared with comparative examples 1 and 2, the conductivity of the bipolar plate of the present embodiment is greatly improved, the contact resistance is reduced by about 60%, the bending deformation is basically unchanged, the higher toughness is still maintained, and compared with comparative example 3, the bending deformation resistance of the bipolar plate of the present embodiment is greatly improved.
The bipolar plate of the embodiment is used for assembling an all-vanadium liquid flow single cell, and the positive electrolyte is 1.5M VO2+3M H2SO440ml of the solution, the negative electrode electrolyte solution was 1.5M V3+3M H2SO440ml of the solution. The current density of the single cell using the bipolar plate of this example was 80mA/cm2The voltage efficiency and the energy efficiency are 88.2% and 83.6%, respectively; the current density is 100mA/cm2The voltage efficiency and the energy efficiency also reach 85.6 percent and 81.3 percent respectively.
Example 2
0.4kg of polypropylene (with a melt index of 3), 1.0kg of graphite powder, 0.6kg of carbon black, 15g of paraffin and 5g of stearic acid are respectively weighed and added into an internal mixer, the internal mixing temperature is 230 ℃, the rotor speed is 50r/min, and the internal mixing time is 20 minutes. And then putting the uniformly mixed internal mixing material into a die, and sending the die into a hot press, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 210 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 50MPa, and the hot pressing time is 3 min. Finally, hot-press forming is carried out to obtain the carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate with the thickness of 1 mm.
Example 3
0.6kg of polypropylene (with the melt index of 10), 1kg of graphite powder, 0.4kg of carbon black, 5g of polyethylene wax and 5g of zinc stearate are respectively weighed and added into an internal mixer, the internal mixing temperature is 220 ℃, the rotor speed is 50r/min, and the internal mixing time is 20 minutes. And then putting the uniformly mixed internal mixing material into a die, and sending the die into a hot press, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 200 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 30MPa, and the hot pressing time is 10 min. Finally, hot-press forming is carried out to obtain the carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate with the thickness of 1 mm.
Example 4
0.7kg of polypropylene (with the melt index of 2), 0.9kg of graphite powder, 0.4kg of carbon nano tube, 10g of polyethylene wax and 10g of calcium stearate are respectively weighed and added into an internal mixer, the internal mixing temperature is 220 ℃, the rotor speed is 50r/min, and the internal mixing time is 20 minutes. And then crushing the uniformly mixed internal mixing material by a crusher, feeding the crushed material into a single-screw extruder, extruding a sheet at the temperature of a charging barrel of the extruder of 210 ℃, the rotating speed of a main engine of 8rpm and the temperature of a neck ring of 200 ℃, and performing calendaring molding to obtain the carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate with the thickness of 1 mm.
Comparative example 1
0.5kg of polypropylene (with a melt index of 0.7), 0.8kg of graphite powder, 0.7kg of carbon black, 10g of polyethylene wax and 10g of zinc stearate are respectively weighed and added into an internal mixer, the internal mixing temperature is 220 ℃, the rotor speed is 50r/min, and the internal mixing time is 20 minutes. And then crushing the uniformly mixed internal mixing material by a crusher, feeding the crushed material into a single-screw extruder, extruding a sheet at the charging barrel temperature of the extruder of 210 ℃, the main machine rotating speed of 10rpm and the die temperature of 190 ℃, and performing calendaring molding to obtain the carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate with the thickness of 1 mm.
Comparative example 2
0.8kg of polypropylene (with a melt index of 30), 0.6kg of graphite powder, 0.6kg of carbon black, 10g of polyethylene wax and 10g of zinc stearate are respectively weighed and added into an internal mixer, the internal mixing temperature is 200 ℃, the rotor speed is 50r/min, and the internal mixing time is 20 minutes. And then crushing the uniformly mixed banburying material by a crusher, feeding the crushed banburying material into a single-screw extruder, extruding a sheet at the temperature of 215 ℃ of a charging barrel of the extruder, the rotating speed of a main engine of 10rpm and the temperature of a neck ring of 200 ℃, and performing calendaring molding to obtain the carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate with the thickness of 1 mm.
Comparative example 3
0.5kg of polypropylene (with a melt index of 30), 0.8kg of graphite powder, 0.7kg of carbon black, 10g of polyethylene wax and 10g of zinc stearate are respectively weighed and added into an internal mixer, the internal mixing temperature is 200 ℃, the rotor speed is 50r/min, and the internal mixing time is 20 minutes. And then putting the uniformly mixed internal mixing material into a die, and sending the die into a hot press, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 210 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 50MPa, and the hot pressing time is 3 min. Finally, hot-press forming is carried out to obtain the carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate with the thickness of 1 mm.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001036238860000041
The bipolar plate solves the problem of poor toughness of the carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate with high-content conductive filler, has high conductivity and good toughness, and can reduce the body resistance and the contact resistance of the bipolar plate on the premise of ensuring the assembly of a pile, thereby reducing the ohmic internal resistance of a flow energy storage battery.

Claims (5)

1. A bipolar plate for a flow battery, characterized in that: the bipolar plate is a carbon-plastic composite plate consisting of polypropylene with a melt index of 2-10, conductive filler and lubricant, or a carbon-plastic composite plate consisting of polypropylene with a melt index of 2-10 and conductive filler, wherein the mass fraction of the polypropylene is 15-35%, the mass fraction of the conductive filler is 65-85%, and the mass fraction of the lubricant is 0-2%;
the preparation method of the bipolar plate comprises the following steps:
(1) adopting an internal mixing mode to uniformly mix the polymer, the conductive filler and the lubricant or the polymer and the conductive filler according to the required proportion, wherein the internal mixing temperature is 200 ℃ and 240 ℃, and the rotating speed of a rotor is 40-60 r/min;
(2) putting the uniformly mixed banburying material obtained in the step 1) into a mold, pressing the banburying material into a bipolar plate by adopting a hot pressing mode, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 180-220 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 5-50 MPa, and the hot pressing time is 1-30 min;
or crushing the uniformly mixed banburying material by using a crusher, and preparing the carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate by using a single-screw extruder or a double-screw extruder by adopting an extrusion calendaring molding process, wherein the temperature of a charging barrel is 180-220 ℃, the temperature of a neck ring is 160-200 ℃, and the rotating speed of a main machine is 5-15 rpm;
the bipolar plate is applied to an all-vanadium flow battery, a zinc-bromine flow battery, a sodium polysulfide-bromine flow battery or a tin-vanadium flow battery.
2. The bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein: the polypropylene is extrusion grade polypropylene, and the melt index is preferably 2-5.
3. The bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein: the conductive filler is one or more than two of graphite, carbon black, carbon fiber, graphite fiber, acetylene black and carbon nano tubes.
4. The bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein: the lubricant is one or more than two of polyethylene wax, stearic acid, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, paraffin and vinyl distearamide.
5. A method of manufacturing a bipolar plate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the carbon-plastic composite board is prepared by blending the raw materials and then adopting a die pressing process or an extrusion calendaring forming process;
the specific process steps are as follows:
(1) adopting an internal mixing mode to uniformly mix the polymer, the conductive filler and the lubricant or the polymer and the conductive filler according to the required proportion, wherein the internal mixing temperature is 200 ℃ and 240 ℃, and the rotating speed of a rotor is 40-60 r/min;
(2) putting the uniformly mixed banburying material obtained in the step 1) into a mold, pressing the banburying material into a bipolar plate by adopting a hot pressing mode, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 180-220 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 5-50 MPa, and the hot pressing time is 1-30 min;
or crushing the uniformly mixed banburying material by a crusher, preparing the carbon-plastic composite bipolar plate by adopting an extrusion calendaring process and using a single-screw extruder or a double-screw extruder, wherein the temperature of a charging barrel is 180-220 ℃, the temperature of a neck mold is 160-200 ℃, and the rotating speed of a main machine is 5-15 rpm.
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CN110474067A (en) * 2018-05-10 2019-11-19 北京普能世纪科技有限公司 Polymer composites bipolar plates, preparation method and vanadium flow battery
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