CN1047045A

CN1047045A - The water plasma arc cutting

Info

Publication number: CN1047045A
Application number: CN 89103313
Authority: CN
Inventors: 余建明; 叶秀渭
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1989-05-10
Filing date: 1989-05-10
Publication date: 1990-11-21

Abstract

Water plasma arc cutting provided by the invention discloses with cooling water as plasma (orifice) gas.It is compared with plasma arc cuttings such as argon, nitrogen, and to have a medium single, and the loop is single, and is simple in structure, and the plasma (orifice) gas source is wide, low cost and other advantages; Compare with the air plasma arc cutting.Because water cooling is good, can be made into high-power plasma arc cutting cut deal, has replaced air compressor machine with joining micro pump opportunity, volume is little, and is in light weight, and noise is low, low cost and other advantages.The compound inner conical surface bull spiral shell ditch water-cooled nozzle that the present invention provides is simultaneously compared with water-cooled nozzle with existing, has the little nothing of the body no external water pipe that leaks, and simple in structure, easy to loading and unloading, it is light little nimble that cutting torch, welding torch are made.

Description

The water plasma arc cutting

Plasma (orifice) gas that the present invention relates to adopt in the plasma arc cutting and water-cooled nozzle.

Plasma arc cutting is that the high temperature that utilizes the plasma of cutting torch generation heats, melts and blows away institute's melt material and cut.The plasma (orifice) gas of plasma arc cutting (promptly producing the gas of plasma) develops into nitrogen, mist and air from argon gas, and every one step of development all makes the plasma (orifice) gas source enlarge, and cost reduces, and cutting torch is simple in structure, operates nimble.At present, plasma arc cutting such as argon, nitrogen, because its plasma (orifice) gas source is limited, and cost height, in addition because it adopts split to cooperate inner conical surface cavity water-cooled nozzle, big difficult sealing of body and external water pipe etc. cause cutting torch to use inconvenience, so that are being replaced by the air plasma arc cutting gradually aspect the thin plate cutting.And the air plasma arc cutting, because the air cooling effect is poor, be difficult to make high-power plasma arc cutting cut deal, in addition because most of cutting place does not have air compression station, need join air compressor machine in addition during use, because air compressor machine large body and heavy mass cost height, and noise pollution is big, has influenced the use of air plasma arc cutting to a certain extent.

Water plasma arc cutting provided by the invention, be as plasma (orifice) gas with the water behind cooling jet, the electrode, its purpose is exactly both to have made the plasma (orifice) gas source wide, cost is low, can be made into again little, in, powerful plasma arc cutting is thin, in, heavy-gauge sheeting, remove from simultaneously because shortcoming such as the large body and heavy mass cost high noisy that air compressor machine brought is big.The compound inner conical surface bull spiral shell ditch water-cooled nozzle that the present invention provides simultaneously, solved the inconvenience such as the big difficult sealing of body, current inequality and external water pipe that used split cooperates inner conical surface cavity water-cooled nozzle to cause, can make the cutting torch of water plasma arc cutting and the cutting torch or the welding torch of other plasma arcs make light little nimble.

The present invention is achieved in that the water of certain pressure (running water or machine are joined micro pump and supplied water) as cooling medium, through behind the compound inner conical surface bull spiral shell ditch water-cooled nozzle, by by the torch body, the water channel that discharges that prevents of compositions such as porcelain swivel nut arrives electrode tip holder, water around the electrode tip holder (comprise vaporize in the cooling procedure aqueous vapor) Fen Erlu, one tunnel mesopore backwater (the small-power plasma arc can not have backwater) through electrode tip holder, electrode surface is tangentially injected through distributor in another road, make its vaporization and rotation downwards, between electrode and workpiece or the electric field between electrode and nozzle (comprising the striking high-frequency electric field) effect down ionic discharge become plasma, ejaculation promptly becomes the plasma arc that cutting power is arranged after the nozzle compression.Formation mechanism, power supply characteristic and the control principles etc. of water plasma arc cutting are basic identical with the air plasma arc cutting, are that corresponding air is received is water, the water channel that increase preventing between from the nozzle to the electrode tip holder discharged in cutting torch.

Compound inner conical surface bull spiral shell ditch water-cooled nozzle is achieved in that coaxial inside and outside two cones (processing grinding is compound respectively in the production) that are divided into of nozzle, the inner chamber of inner cone is identical with plain nozzle, the male cone (strobilus masculinus) of inner cone is processed into has bull and (meet two, turnover is corresponding) spiral grooves, and be processed with connectivity slot at nozzle duct one end; The profile of Outer Taper is according to trim designs, the male cone (strobilus masculinus) similar shape of the inner conical surface of Outer Taper and inner cone, and after grinding driving fit, it is one (composite surface can weld or not weld) that the two ends of two cones are welded, and upper end of nozzle leaves and corresponding inlet opening of conical surface spiral grooves and apopore.

The water plasma arc cutting is compared with the air plasma arc cutting, because good water cooling effect can be made into high-power plasma arc cutting slab, simultaneously because power is big, slot shaping surface quality height, in addition, machine is joined micro pump and has been replaced air compressor machine, small and light, noise is low, low price; Compare with plasma arc cuttings such as argon, nitrogen, have advantages such as the plasma (orifice) gas source is wide, cost is low, cutting torch is simply gently little.Compound inner conical surface bull spiral shell ditch water-cooled nozzle and other water-cooled nozzle structure compared are simple, volume is little, good cooling results, easy to loading and unloading can make cutting torch or welding torch do gently little nimblely.

Concrete structure of the present invention can be provided by following examples and accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is the axial rotation profile of contacting ignition arc cutting torch

Fig. 2 is contacting ignition arc cutting torch radial section figure

Fig. 3 is the axial rotation profile of non-contacting ignition arc cutting torch

Fig. 4 is non-contacting ignition arc cutting torch radial section figure

In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2: compound inner conical surface four-head spiral shell ditch water-cooled nozzle (10) and sealing ring (11) load lower end in torch body (2) by clamping sleeve (12), locate by two alignment pins (9) between nozzle (10) and torch body (2), two inlet openings that make nozzle (10) are facing to inlet channel (15), two apopores are facing to middle water channel (6), guarantee that simultaneously nozzle duct (10-1) is coaxial with electrode (8), alignment pin (9) and torch body (2) interference fit.With nozzle (10) matched in clearance.Hollow edged electrode seat (1) is housed on the axis of torch body (2), the upper end of electrode tip holder (1) is connected with power supply with return pipe, hexagonal electrode (8) is equipped with in the axle center, lower end, and the lower end outer wall is equipped with distributor (5), is drilled with several backwater holes on the electrode tip holder (1) of distributor (5) upper end.Uniform 3～4 tangential inlet openings on the cylinder of distributor (5), distributor (5) is pressed in porcelain swivel nut (4) in the torch body (2) by sealing ring (13), seal by sealing ring (7) radial compaction between porcelain swivel nut (4) and torch body (2), form an annular water chamber (14) between porcelain swivel nut (4) and distributor (5), there are 90 ° of the inner potential differences of two symmetric inlet mouths and middle water channel (6) porcelain swivel nut (4) upper end, link up by water annulus (3), have the twin-feed spiral groove to constitute the twin-feed spiral water channel with sealing shroud (16) on the inwall of porcelain swivel nut (4), twin-feed spiral water channel upper end has a water annulus to make it to be communicated with water inlet.After water enters cutting torch from water inlet pipe like this, divide two route inlet channels (15) to enter two inlet openings of nozzle (10).Screw is down to nozzle duct (10-1) outer wall then, spiral rises to two apopores of nozzle (10) again, arrive water annulus (3) by middle water channel (6), divide two-way to change respectively that two water inlets from porcelain swivel nut (4) enter water annulus after 90 ° again, through the twin-feed spiral water channel to annular water chamber (14), water one tunnel in annular water chamber (14) is through the backwater hole backwater of electrode tip holder (1), the tangential inlet opening of another road on distributor (5) cylinder tangentially is mapped on the perisporium of electrode (8), forms rotation aqueous vapor and the downward lower end that arrives electrode (8).When between the workpiece of electrode (8) and nozzle (10) lower end, be added with the electric field of certain intensity when (comprising the striking high-frequency electric field), the aqueous vapor ionic discharge becomes plasma, under effects such as intake pressure, heat expansion power and electromagnetic force, plasma penetrates from nozzle duct (10-1) after nozzle (10) compression, becomes the plasma arc of energy cut workpiece.

In conjunction with Fig. 3, Fig. 4: on the basis of Fig. 1 Fig. 2, for increasing the water channel between nozzle (10) and the annular water chamber (14), and effectively prevent to discharge by water channel between electrode tip holder (1) and the nozzle (10), the outer wall of porcelain swivel nut (4) is reprocessed into the twin-feed spiral groove, constitute outer twin-feed spiral water channel with sealing shroud (16), one water annulus (3) is respectively arranged inside and outside the upper end of porcelain swivel nut (4), and a pair of water inlet arranged, 90 ° of each potential differences of the upper port of water inlet and internal and external screw water channel, one water annulus (3) is also arranged on the lower end outer wall of porcelain swivel nut (4), the external spiral water channel is communicated with middle water channel (6), the hand of spiral of internal and external screw water channel is opposite, an i.e. left-handed then dextrorotation, for reducing cutting dust and cooling workpiece, can be drilled with the dust removal water hole at the nearly apopore place of nozzle Outer Taper (10-2), and with the mating surface of clamping sleeve (12) on uniform some dust removals ditch, make a water part behind the cooling jet in the dust removal water hole is mapped to all cracks between clamping sleeve (12) and nozzle (10), flow out by each dust removal ditch again, around the outer wall arrival slot of nozzle (10).The porcelain swivel nut (4) and the structure thereof that have inside and outside twin-feed spiral groove are equally applicable to the contacting ignition arc cutting torch with the nozzle (10) that has dust removal water hole, dust removal ditch.Its basic difference of the cutting torch of noncontact striking and the cutting torch of contacting ignition arc is to have added among Fig. 3, Fig. 4 a pair of contact (17), one end of contact (17) links to each other with power supply, the other end is pressed in it on nozzle (10) by spring, make to be added with striking high frequency and back ground current between nozzle (10) and the electrode (8) that all the other water routes are basic identical with the contacting ignition arc cutting torch with assembly relation.

Compound inner conical surface four-head spiral shell ditch water-cooled nozzle: in conjunction with Fig. 1, the male cone (strobilus masculinus) car of nozzle inner pyramidal body (10-3) is gone out the four-start spiral groove, (10-1) end periphery car one annular connectivity slot in the duct, and then it is compound with the inner conical surface grinding of Outer Taper (10-2), make two conical surfaces close join water-tight, again two cones, two ends are welded into one respectively, corresponding four uniform four water holes of groove, upper end process duct (10-1) and dowel hole at last.The inner conical surface of its inner cone (10-3) is identical with plain nozzle, and the male cone (strobilus masculinus) of Outer Taper (10-2) is by matching requirements processing.In conjunction with Fig. 3, the male cone (strobilus masculinus) and the four-start spiral groove thereof of nozzle inner pyramidal body (10-3) shape with drawing method, and all the other processing wait basic identical with Fig. 1 with assembling.

Claims

1, water plasma arc cutting is characterized in that: with cooling water as plasma (orifice) gas.

2,, it is characterized in that having porcelain swivel nut (4), nozzle (10), distributor (5), middle water channel (6), water annulus (3), annular water chamber (14), inlet channel (15) and alignment pin (9) according to the device of claim 1 defined.

3, compound inner conical surface bull spiral shell ditch water-cooled nozzle is characterized in that: nozzle is combined into one by inside and outside two coaxial cones, has the multi-head spiral groove can lead to cooling water in the composite surface, and upper end of nozzle has and corresponding inlet opening of spiral grooves and apopore.