CN104702252A - Switch module, converter and electrical energy conversion device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a switch module, a converter and an electrical energy conversion device. The switch module comprises at least two electronic switches and at least two overvoltage protection circuits, wherein the electronic switches are serially connected to one another; the overvoltage protection circuits are electrically coupled to the electronic switches respectively; each overvoltage protection circuit comprises a clamping unit and a protecting unit; each clamping unit is used for providing a clamping voltage to the corresponding electronic switch when voltages at two ends of the corresponding electronic switch are greater than a first preset voltage; and each protecting unit is used for switching on the corresponding electronic switch when the voltages at two ends of the corresponding electronic switch are greater than a second preset voltage. Each electronic switch can be subjected to double overvoltage protection by the corresponding clamping unit and the corresponding protecting unit, and the reliability is improved. The invention also provides a converter comprising the switch module and an electrical energy conversion device comprising the switch module.

Description

Switch module, converter and electrical energy changer

Technical field

Execution mode disclosed by the invention relates to switch module, converter and electrical energy changer, particularly a kind of switch module, converter and electrical energy changer with new overvoltage crowbar.

Background technology

Converter (Converter) is generally used as energy converter, a kind of energy conversion of form to be become the energy of another kind of form.Such as, multi-electrical level inverter generally includes some circuitry phases (corresponding many phase alternating current output) as the one of converter, each circuitry phase includes two switch elements, control above-mentioned circuitry phase breaker in middle cell conduction or shutoff by suitable control system, the function that DC power supply is converted to AC power can be realized.

For the alternating current machine that some high voltages require, the such as equipment such as high voltage water pump, high voltage compressor, each switch element on the inverter applied will flow through the electric current of higher voltage level.Typically, this switch element is transistor composition, such as insulated gate bipolar transistor (insulated gatebipolar transistor, IGBT).If be only used as a switch element with an IGBT, this IGBT may not bear the voltage flow through on it, in order to avoid damaging device, the IGBT that usual use at least two is connected in series is used as a switch element, average voltage can be shared like this on the IGBT of each series connection, thus each device can not be damaged.

Although the above-mentioned IGBT of being connected in series can realize the function on average sharing voltage, but the IGBT of these at least two series connection must be met by synchronous control break-make, if there is synchronous error, then one of them IGBT still can be caused will to bear whole voltage load, and then damage this device.

For the problems referred to above, industry adopts the IGBT of active clamp circuit to above-mentioned overvoltage to provide overvoltage protection usually.Figure 1 shows that a kind of circuit diagram of traditional active clamp circuit 90.This active clamp circuit 90 comprises Zener diode Z10 and general-purpose diode D10.The operation principle of this active clamp circuit 90 is: when the collector potential of IGBT92 is too high, Zener diode Z10 is breakdown, electric current is had to flow into the grid (drive end) of IGBT92, the grid potential of IGBT92 is increased, thus reduce the cut-off current of IGBT92, and then reduce the collector electrode-emitter peak voltage Vce of IGBT92.

But above-mentioned active clamp circuit 90 has distinct disadvantage.First it should be explicitly made clear at this point, above-mentioned active clamp circuit 90 is operated in the moment that IGBT92 turns off, and in this moment, the triode Q15 of the afterbody promotion level of IGBT driver 94 is conducting state.Thus, the one part of current Iz1 in the electric current I z of Zener diode Z10 flows into the grid of IGBT92, and another part electric current I z2 is then by the triode Q15 bypass of above-mentioned conducting.

Obviously, because the impedance of the triode Q15 of conducting is very low, therefore the electric current I z major part of Zener diode Z10 is by triode Q15 bypass, and the electric current I z1 of the grid flowing into IGBT92 is decreased significantly; Cause clamping effect to greatly reduce, reduce the validity of active clamp circuit 90 in other words.

So, need to provide a kind of new overvoltage crowbar to solve the problems referred to above.

Summary of the invention

Because the technical problem mentioned above, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of switch module, and this switch module comprises at least two electronic switches be connected in series and at least two overvoltage crowbars.These at least two overvoltage crowbars respectively with at least two overvoltage crowbar electrical couplings.Each overvoltage crowbar comprises clamping unit and protected location.This clamping unit is used for providing clamp voltage to the electronic switch of this correspondence when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the first predetermined voltage, and this protected location is used for the electronic switch of this correspondence of conducting when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the second predetermined voltage.

Wherein, in above-mentioned switch module, this protected location comprises detector, controllable electric power and diode.This detector is used for producing overvoltage fault-signal when the both end voltage of this corresponding electronic switch is greater than this second predetermined voltage.Control end electrical couplings, the anode of this diode and this controllable electric power electrical couplings of the negative electrode electronic switch corresponding to this of this diode.This controllable electric power is for responding described overvoltage fault-signal output dc voltage, and this direct voltage is applied to the control end of this corresponding electronic switch with the electronic switch of this correspondence of conducting by diode.

Another aspect of the present invention, is to provide a kind of converter.This converter is used for converting direct-current voltage into alternating-current voltage, and this converter comprises multiple switch module; Each switch module comprises at least two electronic switches be connected in series and at least two overvoltage crowbars, the electronic switch electrical couplings that these at least two overvoltage crowbars are connected in series with these at least two respectively, and each overvoltage crowbar comprises:

Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage to the electronic switch of this correspondence when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the first predetermined voltage;

Protected location, for the electronic switch of this correspondence of conducting when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the second predetermined voltage.

Another aspect of the present invention, is to provide a kind of electrical energy changer.This electrical energy changer comprises:

First converter, for converting the first AC energy to direct current energy;

Energy storing device, for storing the direct current energy that described first converter provides;

Second converter, the direct current energy provided for the direct current energy that provided by described energy storing device or described first converter converts the second AC energy to; Wherein, this first converter and this second converter each comprise multiple switch module; each switch module comprises at least two electronic switches be connected in series and at least two overvoltage crowbars; the electronic switch electrical couplings that these at least two overvoltage crowbars are connected in series with these at least two respectively, each overvoltage crowbar comprises:

Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage to the electronic switch of this correspondence when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the first predetermined voltage;

Protected location, for the electronic switch of this correspondence of conducting when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the second predetermined voltage.

Another aspect of the present invention, is to provide a kind of direct-current-alternating-current converter.This direct-current-alternating-current converter comprises: the first DC line, the second DC line, the first switch module, second switch module, the 3rd switch module, the 4th switch module, the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module; This first DC line and this second DC line are used for input direct voltage; This first switch module and second switch module, the 3rd switch module and the 4th switch module and the 5th switch module and the 6th switching molding group are connected in series between this first DC line and second DC line respectively; The tie point formed between this first switch module and second switch module defines the first output point, the tie point formed between 3rd switch module and the 4th switch module defines the second output point, tie point definition the 3rd output point formed between the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module; This first output point, the second output point and the 3rd output point are for exporting three-phase alternating voltage; This first switch module, second switch module, the 3rd switch module, the 4th switch module, the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module each comprise at least two electronic switches be connected in series and at least two overvoltage crowbars; the electronic switch electrical couplings that these at least two overvoltage crowbars are connected in series with these at least two respectively, each overvoltage crowbar comprises:

Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage to the electronic switch of this correspondence when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the first predetermined voltage;

Protected location, for the electronic switch of this correspondence of conducting when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the second predetermined voltage.

Another aspect of the present invention, is to provide a kind of A.C.-D.C. converter.This A.C.-D.C. converter comprises: the first DC line, the second DC line, the first switch module, second switch module, the 3rd switch module, the 4th switch module, the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module; This first DC line and this second DC line are used for output dc voltage; This first switch module and second switch module, the 3rd switch module and the 4th switch module and the 5th switch module and the 6th switching molding group are connected in series between this first DC line and second DC line respectively; The tie point formed between this first switch module and second switch module defines the first output point, the tie point formed between 3rd switch module and the 4th switch module defines the second output point, tie point definition the 3rd output point formed between the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module; This first output point, the second output point and the 3rd output point are for inputting three-phase alternating voltage; This first switch module, second switch module, the 3rd switch module, the 4th switch module, the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module each comprise at least two electronic switches be connected in series and at least two overvoltage crowbars; the electronic switch electrical couplings that these at least two overvoltage crowbars are connected in series with these at least two respectively, each overvoltage crowbar comprises:

Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage to the electronic switch of this correspondence when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the first predetermined voltage;

Protected location, for the electronic switch of this correspondence of conducting when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the second predetermined voltage.

Another aspect of the present invention, is to provide a kind of overvoltage crowbar.This overvoltage crowbar comprises:

Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage to this electronic switch when the both end voltage of electronic switch is greater than predetermined voltage;

Protected location, for electronic switch one scheduled time of this correspondence of conducting when the both end voltage of electronic switch is greater than this predetermined voltage.

Switch module provided by the invention, converter, electrical energy changer, direct-current-alternating-current converter and A.C.-D.C. converter; on the one hand; by electronic switch that at least two are connected in series respectively with at least two overvoltage crowbar electrical couplings, thus achieve the overvoltage protection to each electronic switch.On the other hand, overvoltage crowbar comprises clamping unit and protected location.This clamping unit is for providing clamp voltage to the electronic switch of corresponding overvoltage, and this protected location is used for the electronic switch of the corresponding overvoltage of conducting.Clamping unit and protected location can provide dual overvoltage protection for the electronic switch of correspondence, improve reliability.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Be described embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings, the present invention may be better understood, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of active clamp circuit of the prior art.

Fig. 2 is the module diagram of a kind of execution mode of the system that the present invention proposes.

Fig. 3 is the partial circuit figure of a kind of execution mode of electrical energy changer in system shown in Figure 2.

Fig. 4 is the functional block diagram of a kind of execution mode of the circuit with overvoltage crowbar of the present invention and switch module.

Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of the first execution mode of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 4.

The circuit diagram of the second execution mode that Fig. 6 is overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of the third execution mode of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 4.

The circuit diagram of the 4th kind of execution mode that Fig. 8 is overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 4.

The circuit diagram of the 5th kind of execution mode that Fig. 9 is overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 4.

The circuit diagram of the 6th kind of execution mode that Figure 10 is overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 4.

Figure 11 is the oscillogram of overvoltage crowbar shown in Figure 10.

The circuit diagram of the 7th kind of execution mode that Figure 12 is overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 4.

Embodiment

One or more embodiment of the present invention below will be described.First it is to be noted, in the specific descriptions process of these execution modes, in order to carry out brief and concise description, this specification can not all do detailed description to all features of the execution mode of reality.Should be understandable that; in the actual implementation process of any one execution mode; as in the process of any one engineering project or design object; in order to realize the objectives of developer; or in order to meet that system is correlated with or that business is relevant restriction; usually can make various concrete decision-making, and this also can change to another kind of execution mode from a kind of execution mode.In addition, it will also be appreciated that, although effort done in this development process may be complicated and tediously long, but for those of ordinary skill in the art relevant to content disclosed by the invention, some designs that the basis of the technology contents of disclosure exposure is carried out, manufacture or production etc. changes just conventional technological means, not should be understood to content of the present disclosure insufficient.

Unless otherwise defined, the technical term used in the present specification and claims or scientific terminology should be in the technical field of the invention the ordinary meaning that the personage with general technical ability understands." first " or " second " that use in this specification and claims and similar word do not represent any order, quantity or importance, and are only used to distinguish different parts.The similar word such as " one " or " one " does not represent restricted number, but represents to there is at least one." or " comprise in cited project any one or all." comprise " or the similar word such as " comprising " mean to appear at " comprising " or " comprising " before element or object contain the element or object and equivalent element thereof that appear at " comprising " or " comprising " presented hereinafter, do not get rid of other elements or object." connection " or " being connected " etc. similar word be not defined in physics or the connection of machinery, no matter but can comprise electrical connection, be direct or indirectly.In addition, the set that " circuit " or " Circuits System " and " controller " etc. can comprise single component or directly or be indirectly connected by multiple active member or passive device, such as one or more integrated circuit (IC) chip, to provide the corresponding function described.

Figure 2 shows that the module diagram of a kind of execution mode of system 100 provided by the invention.Basically, the electrical conversion systems of illustrated system 100 can be any with converter be critical piece, and this converter can implement the overvoltage crowbar that the present invention proposes.Especially, in some embodiments, system 100 can be the system based on multi-level converter, and goes for the application scenarios such as middle high power and high voltage appearance.For example, system 100 can be applied to following field, includes but not limited to: the fields such as petrochemical industry, papermaking, mine, metallurgy, power plant, water treatment plant, to drive specific load, and such as pump, blower fan, conveyer etc.

System 100 roughly comprises the first power device 110, electrical energy changer 120, second power device 130 and control device 140.Electrical energy changer 120 and control device 140 can communicate to connect.In one embodiment, control device 140 can carry out telecommunication with electrical energy changer 120 and be connected, and such as, to pass through one or more electrical interconnection, conductor wire, transfer control signal 106 gives electrical energy changer 120.In another execution mode, control device 140 also can carry out optical communication with electrical energy changer 120 and be connected, and to pass through optical communication line, such as, one or more optical fiber, transfer control signal 106 gives electrical energy changer 120.

In the present embodiment, control device 140 can comprise field programmable gate array (FieldProgrammable Gate Array, FPGA).In other embodiments, control device 140 can also comprise any suitable programmable circuit or device, such as digital signal processor (Digital SignalProcessor, DSP), programmable logic controller (PLC) (Programmable Logic Controller, and application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC) etc. PLC).This control device 140 can the mode of hardware, software or software and hardware combining be implemented.

Electrical energy changer 120 responds the control signal 106 transmitted from control device 140, with fill order between the first power device 110 and the second power device 130 to or the operation of two-way transformation of electrical energy.In one embodiment, control device 140 exports the second converter 126 that control signal 106 controls in electrical energy changer 120 and works, and the direct current 125 that DC link 124 is exported by this second converter 126 is converted to the alternating current 104 that the second power device 130 can be driven to operate; The working mechanism of this control device 140 is conventional art, no longer describes in detail here.

In one embodiment, electrical energy changer 120 comprises the first converter 122, DC link (DC Link) 124 and the second converter 126.In one embodiment, first converter 122 can be A.C.-D.C. converter, and it is configured to by the first power device 110(such as, electrical network) the first electric energy 102(of providing is such as, first alternating voltage) convert direct current energy 123(to such as, direct voltage).In one embodiment; first converter 122 can have the rectifier bridge structure formed by diode component; to perform the rectifying operation of AC to DC; also the structure formed by active controllable switch device can be had; especially, what can have the accompanying drawing 4 that will be described in more detail below has the structure formed by the active controllable switch device being integrated with overvoltage crowbar.In one embodiment, DC link 124 can comprise multiple capacitor, and it carries out filtering to the first direct voltage 123 that this first converter 122 provides, and maintains the second constant direct voltage 125 and export to the second converter 126.

In one embodiment, second converter 126 is direct-current-alternating-current converter, it is configured to convert this second direct voltage 125 to second alternating voltage 104, and this second alternating voltage 104 is sent to the second power device 130(such as, alternating current machine).In one embodiment, the second converter 126 can have the structure formed by active controllable switch device, especially, can have the structure formed by the active controllable switch device being integrated with overvoltage crowbar.Although not shown, but system 100 also may comprise other parts or device, such as, between the first power device 110 and electrical energy changer 120, can filter and circuit breaker etc. be set, and, between electrical energy changer 120 and the second power device 130, also can filter and circuit breaker etc. be set.

In other embodiments, system 100 also can be applied to power field, includes but not limited to wind power generation plant, photovoltaic power generation apparatus and hydroelectric installation etc.Electrical energy changer 120 in system 100 also can be embodied in the structure that this active controllable switch device being integrated with overvoltage crowbar mentioned is formed.In one embodiment, the first power device 110 can comprise one or more wind power generation plant, and Wind resource change can be become the electric energy of change frequency by wind power generation plant.First converter 122 can be A.C.-D.C. converter, second converter 126 can be direct-current-alternating-current converter, first electric energy 102 of change frequency can be converted to the second electric energy 104 of fixed frequency by it, and such as, frequency is the AC energy of 50Hz or 60Hz.Second AC energy 104 of fixed frequency can be provided to the second power device 130, such as electrical network, carries out transmitting and providing and delivering with power supply network.In some embodiments, the second power device 130 also can comprise load, the motor such as used in the device such as locomotive or pump, and motor works under the effect of this second electric energy 104.In some embodiments, when this system 100 is photovoltaic power generation apparatus, first converter 122 also can be DC-DC converter, or also this first converter can be saved, and only use DC-AC second converter 126, with by the first power device 110, the direct current energy that such as photovoltaic panel provides converts AC energy 104 to.

In other embodiments, system 100 also can be applied to needs to use uninterruptible power system (Uninterruptible/Uninterrupted Power System, UPS) to carry out the field powered.In this case, the electrical energy changer 120 in system 100 also can be embodied in the structure that this active controllable switch device being integrated with overvoltage crowbar mentioned is formed.In one embodiment, the first converter 122 can be A.C.-D.C. converter, and it can be configured to by the first power device 110(such as, electrical network) provide first AC energy conversion or be rectified into direct current energy.System 100 can also comprise energy storing device 127, to receive the direct current energy that the first converter 122 is converted to.In one embodiment, second converter 126 can be direct-current-alternating-current converter, it can be configured to the direct current energy that is converted to by this first converter 122 or convert the direct current energy that this energy storing device 127 provides to second AC energy, and the second AC energy is supplied to the second power device 130(such as, load, can be alternating current motor particularly).

Figure 3 shows that the detailed architecture schematic diagram of a kind of execution mode of DC link 124 shown in Fig. 2 and the second converter 126.In one embodiment, this second converter 126 is more specifically a kind of direct-current-alternating-current converter.In one embodiment, this second converter 126 comprises the first port 202 and the second port 204, this first port 202 and the second port 204 for receiving direct voltage, such as, the direct voltage 123 provided by the first converter 122 as shown in Figure 2.This first port 202 is electrically connected with the first DC line 206, this second port 204 is electrically connected with the second DC line 208, and, DC link 124 is electrically connected with between this first port 202 and this second port 204, this DC link 124 for carrying out filtering to the direct voltage received, and maintains constant voltage and exports to the switching device be attached thereto.In one embodiment, this DC link 124 comprises the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2, and this first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 is connected in series between the first DC line 206 and the second DC line 208.In other embodiments, this DC link 124 also can adjust according to actual needs, such as, comprise the capacitor more than two, and capacitor also can be connected in parallel at least partly, is not limited to the example that present embodiment provides.In other execution mode, DC link 124 can also comprise one or more current-limiting resistance and one or more current-limiting inductance.

Please consult Fig. 3 further, this second converter 126 also comprises the first switch module K1, second switch module K2, the 3rd switch module K3, the 4th switch module K4, the 5th switch module K5 and the 6th switch module K6.This first switch module K1 and second switch module K2 is connected in series between this first DC line 206 and second DC line 208, and the first output point 226 is defined by the tie point formed between this first switch module K1 and second switch module K2.3rd switch module K3 and the 4th switch module K4 is connected in series between this first DC line 206 and second DC line 208, and the second output point 236 is defined by the tie point formed between the 3rd switch module K3 and the 4th switch module K4.5th switch module K5 and the 6th switch module K6 is connected in series between this first DC line 206 and second DC line 208, and the 3rd output point 246 is defined by the tie point formed between the 5th switch module K5 and the 6th switch module K6.First output point 226, second output point 236 and the 3rd output point 246 are for providing three-phase alternating current output voltage, and this three-phase alternating current output voltage differs 120 degree each other in phase place.Certainly, when this second converter 126 is embodied as A.C.-D.C. converter, these three exchange transmit port 226,236,246 and also can input three-phase alternating voltage, and this first port 202 and the second port 204 also can output dc voltages.

Second power device 130 shown in Fig. 2, such as alternating current machine may need a high voltage to drive, and therefore each switch module K1-K6 all needs to bear this high voltage.Damaged by this high voltage to prevent switch module K1-K6, each switch module K1-K6 is all configured at least to comprise two electronic switches be connected in series and is used as a switch module, in the present embodiment, apply two insulated gate bipolar transistors be connected in series (insulated gate bipolar transistor, IGBT) and be used as a switch module.So, this electronic switch be connected in series can on average share this high voltage, namely each electronic switch will bear lower voltage, thus can not damage each electronic switch.In other embodiments, the quantity of this electronic switch be connected in series and type all can adjust according to actual needs, such as apply two mos field effect transistor be connected in series (Metal Oxide SemiconductorField-Effect Transistor, MOSFET), electron injection enhancement gate transistor (Injection EnhancedGate Transistor, IEGT) or power transistor (Giant Transistor, GTR) be used as a switch module; Further, if when such as this high voltage is very high, the electronic switch that two or more is connected in series can be applied.

In addition; for each switch module K1-K6; its configuration two electronic switches be connected in series respectively with two overvoltage crowbar electrical couplings; two as shown in Figure 4 in switch module K1 IGBT Q1, Q2 be connected in series respectively with two overvoltage crowbars 80,82 electrical couplings, thus two overvoltage crowbars 80,82 can provide overvoltage protection to IGBT Q1, Q2 that two are connected in series respectively.In other embodiments, for each switch module K1-K6, the electronic switch that is connected in series of two or more of its configuration respectively with plural overvoltage crowbar electrical couplings.Following paragraph provides overvoltage protection by overvoltage crowbar 80,82 to the electronic switch be connected in series by providing concrete execution mode to illustrate.

Please refer to Fig. 4, there is for the present invention the functional block diagram of a kind of execution mode of the circuit 50 of overvoltage crowbar and switch module.In this embodiment, this electronic switch be connected in series is the switch module K1 in Fig. 2, and it comprises two IGBT electronic switch Q1 and Q2 be connected in series.In other execution modes, the quantity of this electronic switch and type can adjust according to actual needs, are not limited to the example that present embodiment provides.Other switch module K2-K6 is identical with the structure of switch module K1, therefore repeats no more here.

Typically, this circuit 50 comprises two drivers, 70,72 and two overvoltage crowbars 80,82.Two drivers 70,72 control two electronic switch Q1 and Q2 conducting or shutoff respectively for the control command of control device according to Fig. 2 140.This driver 70 comprises drive end G1 and earth terminal E1.Control end (grid of the such as IGBT) electrical couplings of this drive end G1 and this electronic switch Q1, conducting end (emitter of the such as IGBT) electrical couplings of this earth terminal E1 and this electronic switch Q1.Similarly, this driver 72 comprises drive end G2 and earth terminal E2.The control end electrical couplings of this drive end G2 and this electronic switch Q2, the conducting end electrical couplings of this earth terminal E2 and this electronic switch Q2.This driver 70 and 72 respectively output switching controls signal to the control end of electronic switch Q1 and Q2, can control electronic switch Q1 and Q2 conducting or shutoff respectively.

Two overvoltage crowbars 80,82 for providing overvoltage protection to two electronic switch Q1 and Q2 respectively, to prevent two electronic switch Q1 and Q2 avalanche breakdowns because of overvoltage.In other embodiments, driver 70 can be integrated in the inside of overvoltage crowbar 80, and driver 72 also can be integrated in the inside of overvoltage crowbar 82.

Overvoltage crowbar 82 is identical with the structure of overvoltage crowbar 80, is hereafter only described in detail one of them (such as overvoltage crowbar 80).

Refer to Fig. 5, it is the circuit diagram of the first execution mode of overvoltage crowbar.In this embodiment, driver 70 is integrated in the inside of overvoltage crowbar 80A; More specifically, driver 70 is the inside being integrated in protected location 40A.Overvoltage crowbar 80A comprises clamping unit 30 and protected location 40A.Clamping unit 30 is for providing clamp voltage to corresponding electronic switch Q1 when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch Q1 is greater than the first predetermined voltage.Protected location 40A is used for electronic switch Q1 conducting one scheduled time controlling this correspondence when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch Q1 is greater than the second predetermined voltage.First, the reason that why will realize overvoltage protection by the mode of the corresponding electronic switch Q1 of conducting is: in the switch module with the electronic switch that at least two are connected in series, cause the reason of the electronic switch that wherein there is overvoltage be this overvoltage electronic switch relative to other non-overvoltages electronic switch conducting in evening or early turn off, also i.e. conducting or turn off asynchronous; In both cases, all need by the electronic switch conducting of overvoltage to eliminate overvoltage, thus realize overvoltage protection.Secondly, the object that protected location 40A controls the corresponding electronic switch Q1 conducting above-mentioned scheduled time is the overvoltage protection time in order to extend corresponding electronic switch Q1, more reliably prevents corresponding electronic switch Q1 avalanche breakdown because of overvoltage.In the present embodiment, the above-mentioned scheduled time can be 1 ~ 2us.

In one embodiment, the first predetermined voltage and the second predetermined voltage can be set to less than the puncture voltage of corresponding electronic switch Q1, so can prevent corresponding electronic switch Q1 avalanche breakdown because of overvoltage in advance.

In one embodiment, second predetermined voltage is less than the first predetermined voltage, reason is: in one case, when clamping unit 30 provides the corresponding electronic switch Q1 of clamp voltage to overvoltage, control end (such as the grid of corresponding electronic switch Q1) from clamping unit 30 inflow current to corresponding electronic switch Q1, the current potential of first conducting end of corresponding electronic switch Q1 (such as the collector electrode of corresponding electronic switch Q1) is declined, cause the undertension between first conducting end of corresponding electronic switch Q1 and the control end (such as the grid of corresponding electronic switch Q1) of corresponding electronic switch Q1 to puncture the multiple Zener diodes be connected in series in clamping unit 30, now corresponding electronic switch Q1 still may be in overvoltage, now in order to make protected location 40A can control corresponding electronic switch Q1 conducting one scheduled time, the second predetermined voltage must be preset and be less than the first predetermined voltage.

Clamping unit 30 and protected location 40A can provide dual overvoltage protection for the electronic switch Q1 of correspondence, improve reliability.

Particularly, in infinite execution mode, clamping unit 30 comprises diode D1 and four Zener diode Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33.Four Zener diode Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 series aiding connections are connected between first conducting end (collector electrode of such as IGBT) of corresponding electronic switch Q1 and the anode of diode D1, and with diode D1 Opposite direction connection; The negative electrode of diode D1 is electrically connected to the control end of corresponding electronic switch Q1.In other embodiments, the quantity of Zener diode included in clamping unit 30 can adjust according to actual needs, and such as clamping unit 30 can comprise the Zener diode more than four.

Protected location 40A comprises detector 44, controller 49 and driver 70.Detector 44 is for producing overvoltage fault-signal 440 when the both end voltage Vce of corresponding electronic switch Q1 is greater than the second predetermined voltage, in the present embodiment, first conducting end (collector electrode of such as IGBT) and second conducting end (emitter of such as IGBT) of detector 44 and corresponding electronic switch Q1 are electrically connected, thus realize detecting voltage function; The both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch Q1 can be the collector emitter voltage Vce of IGBT.

Controller 49 produces guard signal 492 for responding above-mentioned overvoltage fault-signal 440.In one embodiment, controller 49 is the part of control device 140 in Fig. 2, and particularly, controller 49 can be FPGA.Driver 70 is for controlling the corresponding electronic switch Q1 conducting above-mentioned scheduled time according to above-mentioned guard signal 492.

Controller 49 is also for producing drive singal 494 when detector 44 does not produce above-mentioned overvoltage fault-signal 440; Driver 70 also for according to above-mentioned drive singal 494 outputting drive voltage to the grid of corresponding electronic switch Q1, to control corresponding electronic switch Q1 conducting or shutoff.In one embodiment, controller 49 for periodically receiving a pwm signal 490, and periodically produces drive singal 494.

In one case, when controller 49 receives pwm signal 490 and overvoltage fault-signal 440 simultaneously, the priority of priority higher than pwm signal 490 of overvoltage fault-signal 440 can be set in advance in controller 49; Therefore, controller 49 response overvoltage fault-signal 440 produces guard signal, and does not respond pwm signal 490 and produce drive singal.In one embodiment; above-mentioned overvoltage fault-signal 440 is sent to controller 49 by optical fiber sendaisle by detector 44; driver 70 receives the guard signal 492 that transmits of controller 49 or drive singal 494 by optical fiber receive path, thus achieves the Phototube Coupling between controller 49 and detector 44 and driver 70.In other embodiments, detector 44 also can be electrically connected by wire and controller 49, and driver 70 also can be electrically connected by wire and controller 49.

Refer to Fig. 6, it is the functional block diagram of the second execution mode of overvoltage crowbar.The difference of overvoltage crowbar 80A shown in 80B and the Fig. 5 of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 6 is: shown in 40B and the Fig. 5 of protected location shown in Fig. 6, the structure of protected location 40A is different.Protected location 40B comprises detector 44, protection switch S1 and pulse generator 450.Detector 44 is for producing overvoltage fault-signal 440 when the both end voltage Vce of corresponding electronic switch Q1 is greater than the second predetermined voltage.Protection switch S1 have the first conducting terminal for receiving the first direct voltage Vee, with second conducting terminal of control end (grid of such as IGBT) electrical couplings of corresponding electronic switch Q1 and the control terminal for receiving a control signal 451.Second conducting end (emitter of the such as IGBT) ground connection of corresponding electronic switch Q1.

Pulse generator 450 is for producing above-mentioned control signal 451 according to above-mentioned overvoltage fault-signal 440, and this control signal 451 is for controlling corresponding electronic switch Q1 conducting one scheduled time.In one embodiment, above-mentioned control signal 451 can be the pulse signal of lasting 1 ~ 2us, and accordingly, the above-mentioned scheduled time can be 1 ~ 2us.

Refer to Fig. 7, it is the functional block diagram of the third execution mode of overvoltage crowbar.Shown in 80C and the Fig. 5 of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 7, shown in overvoltage crowbar 80A and Fig. 6, the difference of overvoltage crowbar 80B is: shown in 40C and the Fig. 5 of protected location shown in Fig. 7, shown in protected location 40A and Fig. 6, the structure of protected location 40B is different.Protected location 40C comprises detector 44, amplifier 452 and diode D2.Detector 44 is for producing overvoltage fault-signal 440 when the both end voltage Vce of corresponding electronic switch Q1 is greater than the second predetermined voltage.

The negative electrode of diode D2 and control end (grid of the such as IGBT) electrical couplings of corresponding electronic switch Q1, the anode of diode D2 and amplifier 452 electrical couplings.Amplifier 452 for amplifying above-mentioned overvoltage fault-signal 440, and exports the overvoltage fault-signal 440 of this amplification the control end of corresponding electronic switch Q1 to by diode D2; The overvoltage fault-signal 440 of this amplification is for electronic switch Q1 corresponding to conducting.

Shown in 80C and the Fig. 5 of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 7, shown in overvoltage crowbar 80A and Fig. 6, the difference of overvoltage crowbar 80B is also: when the both end voltage Vce of corresponding electronic switch Q1 is greater than the second predetermined voltage; the 40C of protected location shown in Fig. 7 just controls the electronic switch Q1 conducting of this correspondence, and does not control electronic switch Q1 conducting one scheduled time of this correspondence.

In the present embodiment, the effect arranging diode D2 is signal buffer action, diode D2 is applied to amplifier 452 for the driving voltage from driver 70 shown in Fig. 4,72 inputs stoping the control end of corresponding electronic switch Q1 to receive, and namely prevents above-mentioned driving voltage from causing interference to amplifier 452.

In one embodiment, amplifier 452 comprises output G3 and earth terminal E3, the anode electrical couplings of output G3 and diode D2, the negative electrode of diode D2 and the control end electrical couplings of corresponding electronic switch Q1; Second conducting end (emitter of the such as IGBT) electrical couplings of earth terminal E3 and corresponding electronic switch Q1.

Refer to Fig. 8, it is the functional block diagram of the 4th kind of execution mode of overvoltage crowbar.Shown in 80D and the Fig. 5 of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 8, shown in overvoltage crowbar 80A and Fig. 6, the difference of overvoltage crowbar 80B is: shown in 40D and the Fig. 5 of protected location shown in Fig. 8, shown in protected location 40A and Fig. 6, the structure of protected location 40B is different.Protected location 40D comprises detector 44, controllable electric power 456 and diode D3.Detector 44 is for producing overvoltage fault-signal 440 when the both end voltage Vce of corresponding electronic switch Q1 is greater than the second predetermined voltage.

The negative electrode of diode D3 and control end (grid of the such as IGBT) electrical couplings of corresponding electronic switch Q1, the anode of this diode D3 and controllable electric power 456 electrical couplings; This controllable electric power 456 is for responding above-mentioned overvoltage fault-signal 440 output dc voltage, and this direct voltage exports corresponding electronic switch Q1 to control end by diode D3 is with electronic switch Q1 corresponding to conducting.

Shown in 80D and the Fig. 5 of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 8, shown in overvoltage crowbar 80A and Fig. 6, the difference of overvoltage crowbar 80B is also: when the both end voltage Vce of corresponding electronic switch Q1 is greater than the second predetermined voltage; the 40D of protected location shown in Fig. 8 just controls the electronic switch Q1 conducting of this correspondence, and does not control electronic switch Q1 conducting one scheduled time of this correspondence.

In the present embodiment, the effect arranging diode D3 is signal buffer action, diode D3 is applied to controllable electric power 456 for the driving voltage from driver 70 shown in Fig. 4,72 inputs stoping the control end of corresponding electronic switch Q1 to receive, and namely prevents above-mentioned driving voltage from causing interference to controllable electric power 456.

In one embodiment, controllable electric power 456 comprises output G4 and earth terminal E4, the anode electrical couplings of output G4 and diode D3, the negative electrode of diode D3 and the control end electrical couplings of corresponding electronic switch Q1.Second conducting end (emitter of the such as IGBT) electrical couplings of earth terminal E4 and corresponding electronic switch Q1.

Refer to Fig. 9, it is the functional block diagram of the 5th kind of execution mode of overvoltage crowbar.The difference of overvoltage crowbar 80A shown in 80E and the Fig. 5 of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 9 is: the 80E of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 9 also comprises electric current and increases unit 46A.The structure of the 40E of protected location shown in Fig. 9 is identical with the structure of protected location 40D shown in protected location 40C or Fig. 8 shown in protected location 40B or Fig. 7 shown in 40A or Fig. 6 of protected location shown in Fig. 5.Electric current increases unit 46A for increasing the electric current of the control end (grid of such as IGBT) flowing into corresponding electronic switch Q1 from clamping unit 30.

When the structure of the 40E of protected location shown in Fig. 9 is identical with the structure of the 40A of protected location shown in Fig. 5, arrange the effect that electric current increases unit 46A to be described below: as the undercurrent of the control end flowing into corresponding electronic switch Q1 from clamping unit 30 electronic switch Q1 corresponding to conducting, electric current increases unit 46A and is increased by above-mentioned electric current, thus the electric current increased can the corresponding electronic switch Q1 of conducting; Be equivalent to extend the overvoltage protection time of clamping unit 30 for corresponding electronic switch Q1.

Its reason is as follows: due in the 40A of protected location shown in Fig. 5, and detector 44 and controller 49 are by coupling fiber, and driver 70 and controller 49 pass through coupling fiber; First; because the factors such as ambient temperature can impact the data transmission bauds of optical fiber; optical fiber may cause delay to the overvoltage fault-signal being sent to controller 49 from detector 44, and optical fiber also may cause delay to the guard signal (note: guard signal is for controlling the corresponding electronic switch Q1 conducting scheduled time) being sent to driver 70 from controller 49.In addition, because overvoltage fault-signal will be sent to controller 49 from detector 44, guard signal will be sent to driver 70 from controller 49, and the repeatedly transmission of signal also can cause delay.These two kinds of factors all can cause the 40A of protected location shown in Fig. 5 for corresponding electronic switch Q1 provide the initial time of overvoltage protection to lag behind clamping unit 30 to provide overvoltage protection initial time for corresponding electronic switch Q1.

In one case, when clamping unit 30 provides the corresponding electronic switch Q1 of clamp voltage to overvoltage, control end (such as the grid of corresponding electronic switch Q1) from clamping unit 30 inflow current to corresponding electronic switch Q1, the current potential of first conducting end of corresponding electronic switch Q1 (such as the collector electrode of corresponding electronic switch Q1) is declined, cause the undertension between first conducting end of corresponding electronic switch Q1 and the control end (such as the grid of corresponding electronic switch Q1) of corresponding electronic switch Q1 to puncture the multiple Zener diodes be connected in series in clamping unit 30, but, now corresponding electronic switch Q1 still may be in overvoltage, because aforementioned signal delay factor can cause the 40E of protected location shown in Fig. 5 to provide the initial time of overvoltage protection to relatively lag behind for corresponding electronic switch Q1, thus, the 40E of protected location shown in Fig. 5 may have little time to provide overvoltage protection to the above-mentioned corresponding electronic switch Q1 being still in overvoltage, also namely clamping unit 30 provides the end time of overvoltage protection point to provide possibility life period between the start time point of overvoltage protection poor with the 40E of protected location shown in Fig. 5 for corresponding electronic switch Q1 for corresponding electronic switch Q1, cause corresponding electronic switch Q1 may by over-voltage breakdown within the above-mentioned time difference.The overvoltage protection time of clamping unit 30 for corresponding electronic switch Q1 is extended because electric current increases unit 46A; make clamping unit 30 provide the end time of overvoltage protection to put for corresponding electronic switch Q1 and the 40E of protected location shown in Fig. 5 to provide between the start time point of overvoltage protection for corresponding electronic switch Q1 that life period is not poor, the overvoltage protection thus for corresponding electronic switch Q1 is more perfect.

When the structure of the 40E of protected location shown in Fig. 9 is identical with the structure of protected location 40D shown in protected location 40C or Fig. 8 shown in 40B or Fig. 7 of protected location shown in Fig. 6, protected location 40E arranges the effect that electric current increases unit 46A to be described below: when can not cause delay for the overvoltage protection of corresponding electronic switch Q1, when corresponding electronic switch Q1 overvoltage, during the Zener diode that multiple in the voltage breakdown clamping unit 30 also namely between first conducting end of corresponding electronic switch Q1 and the control end of corresponding electronic switch Q1 are connected in series, clamping unit 30 can produce the electric current of the control end flowing into corresponding electronic switch Q1, the electric current of the control end of the corresponding electronic switch Q1 of above-mentioned inflow can charge to the electric capacity of the control end of corresponding electronic switch Q1 (such as the grid of corresponding electronic switch Q1), the current potential of the control end of corresponding electronic switch Q1 is raised, and then cause corresponding electronic switch Q1 conducting.

The electric current of the control end of corresponding for above-mentioned inflow electronic switch Q1 can be increased because electric current increases unit 46A, what thus arrange that clamping unit 30 when electric current increases unit 46A produces is little for the electric current controlling corresponding electronic switch Q1 conducting relative to what do not arrange that clamping unit 30 when electric current increases unit 46A produces for the electric current that controls corresponding electronic switch Q1 conducting, therefore arrange electric current increase unit 46A time clamping unit 30 thermal losses relative to do not arrange electric current increase unit 46A time clamping unit 30 thermal losses low, reduce the power consumption of clamp circuit 30 on the one hand, decrease four in the clamping unit 30 Zener diode Z30 be connected in series on the other hand, Z31, Z32, the heating of Z33, to the Zener diode Z30 that four are connected in series, Z31, Z32, Z33 achieves Thermal protection.

Lower part introduces the particular circuit configurations that electric current increases unit 46A.

Particularly, in infinite execution mode, electric current increases unit 46A and comprises the first Zener diode Z1, triode Q4, the first resistance R1 and the second resistance R2.Clamping unit 30 is electrically coupled between the base stage of triode Q4 and first conducting end of corresponding electronic switch Q1, the collector electrode of triode Q4 receives the second direct voltage Vcc by the second resistance R2, the first end of the first resistance R1 and the negative electrode of the first Zener diode Z1 all with the base stage electrical couplings of triode Q4, the emitter of second end of the first resistance R1, the anode of the first Zener diode Z1 and triode Q4 all with the control end electrical couplings of corresponding electronic switch Q1.

The operation principle that electric current increases unit 46A is described below: when the both end voltage (the collector to-boase voltage VGE of such as IGBT) of corresponding electronic switch Q1 makes in clamping unit 30 four Zener diodes Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 and Zener diode Z1 is breakdown, triode Q4 conducting, the electric current flowing into the control end of corresponding switch element Q1 via the triode Q4 of resistance R2 and conducting from the second direct voltage Vcc is Iz2, and the electric current that clamping unit 30 produces is Iz, makes the total current I of the control end flowing into corresponding switch element Q1 _always=Iz+Iz2, relative to when not arranging electric current increase unit 46A, increases the electric current of the control end flowing into corresponding switch element Q1 from clamping unit 30.

Refer to Figure 10, it is the functional block diagram of the 6th kind of execution mode of overvoltage crowbar.The difference of overvoltage crowbar 80A shown in 80F and the Fig. 5 of overvoltage crowbar shown in Figure 10 is: the 80F of overvoltage crowbar shown in Figure 10 also comprises electric current and increases unit 46B.The structure of the 40E of protected location shown in Figure 10 is identical with the structure of protected location 40D shown in protected location 40C or Fig. 8 shown in protected location 40B or Fig. 7 shown in 40A or Fig. 6 of protected location shown in Fig. 5.Electric current increases unit 46B for increasing the electric current of the control end (grid of such as IGBT) flowing into corresponding electronic switch Q1 from clamping unit 30.

Electric current increases unit 46B and comprises the first Zener diode Z1, triode Q4, the first resistance R1, the second resistance R2, the second Zener diode Z2, the 3rd resistance R3, the 4th resistance R4 and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q6.Clamping unit 30 is electrically coupled between first conducting end of corresponding electronic switch Q1 and the first end of the 3rd resistance R3, and second end of the 3rd resistance R3 is electrically coupled to the control end of corresponding electronic switch Q1 by the first resistance R1.

The base stage of triode Q4 is electrically coupled between the first resistance R1 and the 3rd resistance R3.The collector electrode of triode Q4 receives the second direct voltage Vcc by the second resistance R2, the anode of the first Zener diode Z1 and the emitter of triode Q4 all with control end electrical couplings, the negative electrode of the first Zener diode Z1 and the base stage electrical couplings of triode Q4 of corresponding electronic switch Q1.The negative electrode of the second Zener diode Z2 is electrically coupled between clamping unit 30 and the 3rd resistance R3, the anode of the second Zener diode Z2 and the base stage electrical couplings of triode Q4.The grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q6 and the negative electrode electrical couplings of the second Zener diode Z2; The drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q6 receives the 3rd direct voltage, the source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q6 and the control end electrical couplings of corresponding electronic switch Q1 by the 4th resistance R4.

The operation principle that electric current increases unit 46B is described below: when the both end voltage (the collector to-boase voltage Vcg of such as IGBT) of corresponding electronic switch Q1 makes in clamping unit 30 four Zener diodes Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 and the first Zener diode Z1 and the second Zener diode Z2 breakdown, triode Q4 and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q6 conducting, the electric current flowing into the control end of corresponding switch element Q1 via the triode Q4 of resistance R2 and conducting from the second direct voltage Vcc is I ₁, the electric current flowing into the control end of corresponding switch element Q1 via the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q6 of resistance R4 and conducting from the 3rd direct voltage Vdd is I ₂, and the electric current that clamping unit 30 produces is Iz, makes the total current I of the control end flowing into corresponding switch element Q1 _always=Iz+I ₁+ I ₂, relative to when not arranging electric current increase unit 46B, increase the electric current of the control end flowing into corresponding switch element Q1 from clamping unit 30.

Refer to Figure 11, it is the waveform schematic diagram of the 80F of overvoltage crowbar shown in Figure 10.As can be seen from Figure 11, using IGBT as an example of corresponding switch element Q1, when the collector emitter voltage Vce of corresponding switch element Q1 is greater than the first predetermined voltage Vth1, collector electrode-grid voltage the Vcg of corresponding electronic switch Q1 punctures four Zener diodes Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 in clamping unit 30, as shown in figure 11, the electric current I z flowing through four Zener diodes Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 increases; Also the electric current I of the grid of corresponding electronic switch Q1 is namely flowed into _alwaysincrease, cause the collector emitter voltage Vce of corresponding switch element Q1 to decline, reach the object preventing corresponding switch element Q1 from damaging because of overvoltage.In like manner, when the collector emitter voltage Vce of corresponding switch element Q1 is greater than the second predetermined voltage Vth2, detector 44 control impuls generator 450 produces the pulse continuing a scheduled time, make the scheduled time described in protection switch S1 conducting, thus direct voltage Vee is applied to the grid of corresponding switch element Q1; As shown in figure 11, the gate-emitter voltage Vge of corresponding switch element Q1 is increased; Make the scheduled time described in corresponding electronic switch Q1 conducting, as shown in figure 11, the collector current Ic of corresponding switch element Q1 have dropped significantly; Thus also efficiently avoid corresponding switch element Q1 avalanche breakdown because of overvoltage.Oscillogram can be found out as shown in Figure 11; the collector emitter voltage spike Vce-max of corresponding switch element Q1 obtains and effectively suppresses; thus overvoltage crowbar 80F have effectively achieved the overvoltage protection for corresponding switch element Q1, improves reliability.

Refer to Figure 12, it is the functional block diagram of the 7th kind of execution mode of overvoltage crowbar.The difference of overvoltage crowbar 80A shown in 80G and the Fig. 5 of overvoltage crowbar shown in Figure 12 is: the 80G of overvoltage crowbar shown in Figure 12 also comprises electric current and increases unit 46C.The structure of the 40E of protected location shown in Figure 12 is identical with the structure of protected location 40D shown in protected location 40C or Fig. 8 shown in protected location 40B or Fig. 7 shown in 40A or Fig. 6 of protected location shown in Fig. 5.Electric current increases unit 46C for increasing the electric current of the control end (grid of such as IGBT) flowing into corresponding electronic switch Q1 from clamping unit 30.

The difference that electric current shown in Figure 12 increases the increase of electric current shown in unit 46C and Fig. 9 unit 46A is: the switching speed that the switching speed that electric current shown in Figure 12 increases the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q8 that unit 46C adopts increases than electric current shown in Fig. 9 the triode Q4 that unit 46A adopts is fast; therefore the electric current of the control end (grid of such as IGBT) flowing into corresponding electronic switch Q1 from clamping unit can be increased quickly; thus realize the overvoltage protection of overvoltage crowbar 80G for corresponding electronic switch Q1 quickly, more effectively prevent corresponding electronic switch Q1 by over-voltage breakdown.

Electric current increases unit 46C and comprises Zener diode Z5, the first resistance R10, the second resistance R11 and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q8, and the first resistance R10 is electrically coupled between clamping unit 30 and the control end of corresponding electronic switch Q1.The anode of Zener diode Z5 and the control end electrical couplings of corresponding electronic switch Q1; The negative electrode of Zener diode Z5 is electrically coupled between clamping unit 30 and the first resistance R10, the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q8 and the negative electrode electrical couplings of Zener diode Z5, the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q8 receives direct voltage Vdd by the second resistance R11, the source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q8 and the control end electrical couplings of corresponding electronic switch Q1.

The operation principle that electric current increases unit 46C is described below: when the both end voltage (the collector to-boase voltage Vcg of such as IGBT) of corresponding electronic switch Q1 makes in clamping unit 30 four Zener diodes Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 and Zener diode Z5 is breakdown, metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q8 conducting, the electric current flowing into the control end of corresponding switch element Q1 via the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q8 of resistance R11 and conducting from direct voltage Vdd is Imos, and the electric current that clamping unit 30 produces is Iz, makes the total current I of the control end flowing into corresponding switch element Q1 _always=Iz+Imos, relative to when not arranging electric current increase unit 46C, increases the electric current of the control end flowing into corresponding switch element Q1 from clamping unit 30.

Although describe the present invention in conjunction with specific execution mode, those skilled in the art will appreciate that and can make many amendments and modification to the present invention.Therefore, recognize, the intention of claims is to be encompassed in all such modifications in true spirit of the present invention and scope and modification.

Claims (15)

1. a switch module, is characterized in that: this switch module comprises:

At least two electronic switches be connected in series;

At least two overvoltage crowbars, the electronic switch electrical couplings be connected in series with these at least two respectively; Each overvoltage crowbar comprises:

Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage to the electronic switch of this correspondence when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the first predetermined voltage;

Protected location, for the electronic switch of this correspondence of conducting when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the second predetermined voltage.

2. switch module as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: this protected location is used for controlling when the both end voltage of this corresponding electronic switch is greater than this second predetermined voltage electronic switch conducting one scheduled time of this correspondence.

3. switch module as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: this protected location comprises:

Detector, for producing overvoltage fault-signal when the both end voltage of this corresponding electronic switch is greater than this second predetermined voltage;

Controller, produces guard signal for responding this overvoltage fault-signal;

Driver, for control this correspondence according to this guard signal electronic switch conducting described in the scheduled time.

4. switch module as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: produce drive singal this controller is not also for producing this overvoltage fault-signal during when this detector, this driver is also for controlling electronic switch conducting or the shutoff of this correspondence according to this drive singal.

5. switch module as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: this protected location comprises:

Detector, for producing overvoltage fault-signal when the both end voltage of this corresponding electronic switch is greater than this second predetermined voltage;

Protection switch, has the first conducting terminal for receiving the first direct voltage, second conducting terminal of control end electrical couplings of electronic switch corresponding to this and the control terminal for reception control signal;

Pulse generator, for producing described control signal according to described overvoltage fault-signal, this control signal is for controlling the scheduled time described in this protection switch conducting.

6. switch module as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: this protected location comprises:

Detector, for producing overvoltage fault-signal when the both end voltage of this corresponding electronic switch is greater than this second predetermined voltage;

Amplifier;

Diode; The control end electrical couplings of the negative electrode electronic switch corresponding to this of this diode, the anode of this diode and this amplifier electrical couplings; This amplifier is used for amplifying described overvoltage fault-signal, and is exported the overvoltage fault-signal of amplification the control end of this corresponding electronic switch to by this diode; The overvoltage fault-signal of this amplification is used for the electronic switch of this correspondence of conducting.

7. switch module as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: this overvoltage crowbar also comprises electric current and increases unit, and this electric current increases unit for increasing the electric current of the control end flowing into this corresponding electronic switch from this clamping unit.

8. switch module as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: this electric current increases unit and comprises the first Zener diode, triode, first resistance and the second resistance, this clamping unit is electrically coupled between first conducting end of base stage electronic switch corresponding to this of this triode, the collector electrode of this triode receives the second direct voltage by this second resistance, the first end of this first resistance and the negative electrode of this first Zener diode all with the base stage electrical couplings of this triode, second end of this first resistance, the control end electrical couplings of all corresponding with this electronic switch of the anode of this first Zener diode and the emitter of this triode.

9. switch module as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: this electric current increases unit and also comprises the second Zener diode, the 3rd resistance, the 4th resistance and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor; 3rd resistance is electrically coupled between the base stage of this triode and this clamping unit, and the negative electrode of this second Zener diode is electrically coupled between this clamping unit and the 3rd resistance, the anode of this second Zener diode and the base stage electrical couplings of this triode; The negative electrode electrical couplings of the grid of this metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor and this second Zener diode; The drain electrode of this metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor receives the 3rd direct voltage by the 4th resistance, the control end electrical couplings of the source electrode electronic switch corresponding to this of this metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor.

10. switch module as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: this electric current increases unit and comprises Zener diode, the first resistance, the second resistance and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor, this first resistance is electrically coupled between the control end of this clamping unit electronic switch corresponding to this, the control end electrical couplings of the anode electronic switch corresponding to this of this Zener diode; The negative electrode of this Zener diode is electrically coupled between this clamping unit and this first resistance, the grid of this metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor and the negative electrode electrical couplings of Zener diode, the drain electrode of this metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor receives direct voltage by this second resistance, the control end electrical couplings of the source electrode electronic switch corresponding to this of this metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor.

11. 1 kinds of converters; it is characterized in that: this converter is used for converting direct voltage to by converting direct-current voltage into alternating-current voltage or by alternating voltage; this converter comprises multiple switch module; each switch module comprises at least two electronic switches be connected in series and at least two overvoltage crowbars; the electronic switch electrical couplings that these at least two overvoltage crowbars are connected in series with these at least two respectively, each overvoltage crowbar comprises:

Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage to the electronic switch of this correspondence when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the first predetermined voltage;

Protected location, for the electronic switch of this correspondence of conducting when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the second predetermined voltage.

12. converters as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that: this protected location is used for electronic switch conducting one scheduled time controlling this correspondence when the both end voltage of this corresponding electronic switch is greater than this second predetermined voltage; This protected location comprises:

Detector, for producing overvoltage fault-signal when the both end voltage of this corresponding electronic switch is greater than this second predetermined voltage;

Protection switch, has the first conducting terminal for receiving the first direct voltage, second conducting terminal of control end electrical couplings of electronic switch corresponding to this and the control terminal for reception control signal;

Pulse generator, for producing described control signal according to described overvoltage fault-signal, this control signal is for controlling the scheduled time described in this protection switch conducting.

13. 1 kinds of electrical energy changers, is characterized in that: this electrical energy changer comprises:

First converter, for converting the first AC energy to direct current energy;

Energy storing device, for storing the direct current energy that described first converter provides;

Second converter, the direct current energy provided for the direct current energy that provided by described energy storing device or described first converter converts the second AC energy to; Wherein, this first converter and this second converter each comprise multiple switch module; each switch module comprises at least two electronic switches be connected in series and at least two overvoltage crowbars; the electronic switch electrical couplings that these at least two overvoltage crowbars are connected in series with these at least two respectively, each overvoltage crowbar comprises:

Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage to the electronic switch of this correspondence when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the first predetermined voltage;

Protected location, for the electronic switch of this correspondence of conducting when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the second predetermined voltage.

14. 1 kinds of direct-current-alternating-current converters, is characterized in that: this direct-current-alternating-current converter comprises the first DC line, the second DC line, the first switch module, second switch module, the 3rd switch module, the 4th switch module, the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module; This first DC line and this second DC line are used for input direct voltage; This first switch module and second switch module, the 3rd switch module and the 4th switch module and the 5th switch module and the 6th switching molding group are connected in series between this first DC line and second DC line respectively; The tie point formed between this first switch module and second switch module defines the first output point, the tie point formed between 3rd switch module and the 4th switch module defines the second output point, tie point definition the 3rd output point formed between the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module; This first output point, the second output point and the 3rd output point are for exporting three-phase alternating voltage; This first switch module, second switch module, the 3rd switch module, the 4th switch module, the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module each comprise at least two electronic switches be connected in series and at least two overvoltage crowbars; the electronic switch electrical couplings that these at least two overvoltage crowbars are connected in series with these at least two respectively, each overvoltage crowbar comprises:

Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage to the electronic switch of this correspondence when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the first predetermined voltage;

Protected location, for the electronic switch of this correspondence of conducting when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the second predetermined voltage.

15. 1 kinds of A.C.-D.C. converters, is characterized in that: this A.C.-D.C. converter comprises the first DC line, the second DC line, the first switch module, second switch module, the 3rd switch module, the 4th switch module, the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module; This first DC line and this second DC line are used for output dc voltage; This first switch module and second switch module, the 3rd switch module and the 4th switch module and the 5th switch module and the 6th switching molding group are connected in series between this first DC line and second DC line respectively; The tie point formed between this first switch module and second switch module defines the first output point, the tie point formed between 3rd switch module and the 4th switch module defines the second output point, tie point definition the 3rd output point formed between the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module; This first output point, the second output point and the 3rd output point are for inputting three-phase alternating voltage; This first switch module, second switch module, the 3rd switch module, the 4th switch module, the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module each comprise at least two electronic switches be connected in series and at least two overvoltage crowbars; the electronic switch electrical couplings that these at least two overvoltage crowbars are connected in series with these at least two respectively, each overvoltage crowbar comprises:

Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage to the electronic switch of this correspondence when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the first predetermined voltage;

Protected location, for the electronic switch of this correspondence of conducting when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is greater than the second predetermined voltage.