CN104702219B - A kind of single ended input double balanced passive mixers - Google Patents
A kind of single ended input double balanced passive mixers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种单端输入双平衡无源混频器,包括巴伦跨导级、无源本振开关以及跨阻放大器;所述巴伦跨导级采用单路偏置电流实现双路差分电流输出的跨导级电路,该跨导级利用无源本振开关的阻抗搬移作用,在本振频率处拉低跨导级输出阻抗并构造类似交流虚地;当输入电压变化时,跨导管分别从差分输出端抽拉电流,实现单路偏置电流实现双路差分电流输出的功能。本发明节约了一半的跨导级电流,实现了同样的等效跨导、显著降低功耗,同时适用于单端输入,差分输出应用场合的无源混频器。
The invention discloses a double-balanced passive mixer with single-end input, which includes a balun transconductance stage, a passive local oscillator switch and a transimpedance amplifier; the balun transconductance stage adopts a single bias current to realize a dual The transconductance stage circuit with differential current output, the transconductance stage uses the impedance transfer effect of the passive local oscillator switch to pull down the output impedance of the transconductance stage at the local oscillator frequency and constructs a similar AC virtual ground; when the input voltage changes, the transconductance stage The conduits draw currents from the differential output terminals respectively, so as to realize the function of single-channel bias current and dual-channel differential current output. The invention saves half of the transconductance stage current, realizes the same equivalent transconductance, significantly reduces power consumption, and is also suitable for passive mixers in single-end input and differential output applications.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及到一种低功耗单端输入双平衡无源混频器,属于混频器技术领域。The invention relates to a low-power single-end input double-balanced passive mixer, which belongs to the technical field of mixers.
背景技术Background technique
在射频接收系统中,混频器负责将射频信号变频至基带或者中频频段,是接收链路中的核心模块,作为射频信号和中频信号的链接,其功耗水平在接收链路中占据了可观的份额。因此为了实现整体接收电路的低功耗,对混频器功耗的优化设计十分关键。从射频前端的结构上看,在很多情况下为了与天线直接耦合,射频前端的低噪声放大器采用单端输入、单端输出的结构。而混频器从性能和端口隔离的角度看则宜采用差分的双平衡结构。在这种情况下,需要一种单端输入的双平衡混频器去匹配低噪声放大器。比较常见的方式是将常规的全差分混频器接成伪差分的方式,然而从功耗层面上看,伪差分方式浪费了其中一条跨导支路的偏置电流,影响了功效。In the RF receiving system, the mixer is responsible for converting the RF signal to the baseband or intermediate frequency band. It is the core module in the receiving chain. considerable share. Therefore, in order to realize the low power consumption of the whole receiving circuit, it is very critical to optimize the power consumption design of the mixer. From the perspective of the structure of the RF front-end, in order to directly couple with the antenna in many cases, the low-noise amplifier of the RF front-end adopts a single-ended input and single-ended output structure. From the point of view of performance and port isolation, the mixer should adopt a differential double-balanced structure. In this case, a single-ended input double-balanced mixer is required to match the LNA. A more common way is to connect a conventional fully differential mixer into a pseudo-differential way. However, from the perspective of power consumption, the pseudo-differential way wastes the bias current of one of the transconductance branches, which affects the efficiency.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的:为了克服现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提供一种单端输入双平衡无源混频器,其节约了一半的跨导级电流,实现了同样的等效跨导、显著降低功耗,同时适用于单端输入,差分输出应用场合的无源混频器。Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a single-ended input double-balanced passive mixer, which saves half of the transconductance stage current, realizes the same equivalent transconductance, and significantly reduces Power consumption, while suitable for single-ended input, passive mixer for differential output applications.
技术方案:为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:一种单端输入双平衡无源混频器,包括巴伦跨导级、无源本振开关以及跨阻放大器;所述跨导级负责将输入射频电压转化为射频电流;无源本振开关对该射频电流进行变频作用;跨阻放大器则负责将中频电流转化成输出中频电压,所述巴伦跨导级采用单路偏置电流实现双路差分电流输出的跨导级电路,该跨导级利用无源本振开关的阻抗搬移作用,在本振频率处拉低跨导级输出阻抗并构造类似交流虚地;当输入电压变化时,跨导管分别从差分输出端抽拉电流,实现单路偏置电流实现双路差分电流输出的功能。Technical solution: In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a single-ended input double-balanced passive mixer, including a balun transconductance stage, a passive local oscillator switch and a transimpedance amplifier; the transconductance The stage is responsible for converting the input RF voltage into RF current; the passive local oscillator switch performs frequency conversion on the RF current; the transimpedance amplifier is responsible for converting the intermediate frequency current into the output intermediate frequency voltage, and the balun transconductance stage adopts a single bias The current realizes the transconductance stage circuit with dual differential current output. The transconductance stage uses the impedance transfer effect of the passive local oscillator switch to pull down the output impedance of the transconductance stage at the local oscillator frequency and constructs a similar AC virtual ground; when the input voltage When changing, the transconductor draws current from the differential output end respectively, realizing the function of single-channel bias current and dual-channel differential current output.
所述巴伦跨导级包括第一跨导放大器(A1)、第一、第二、第三NMOS管、第一PMOS管,输入电压接第三NMOS管(MN3)的栅极,第三NMOS管(MN3)的源极接第二NMOS管(MN2)的漏极;第二NMOS管(MN2)的源极接地,而栅极接第一NMOS管(MN1)的栅极;第一NMOS管(MN1)的源极接地,而栅极和漏极接参考电流源的负端,参考电流源的正端接电源;第三NMOS管(MN3)的漏极接第一PMOS管(MP1)的漏极,第一PMOS管(MP1)的源极接电源,而栅极接第一跨导放大器(A1)的输出端;第一跨导放大器(A1)的负输入端接参考电压,而正输入端接第一电阻(R1)的正端,第一电阻(R1)的负端接第一PMOS管(MP1)的漏极;第二电阻(R2)的正端与第一跨导放大器(A1)的正输入端相连,第二电阻(R2)的负端与第三NMOS管(MN3)的栅极相连。The balun transconductance stage includes a first transconductance amplifier (A1), first, second and third NMOS transistors, a first PMOS transistor, the input voltage is connected to the gate of the third NMOS transistor (MN3), and the third NMOS transistor (MN3) The source of the tube (MN3) is connected to the drain of the second NMOS tube (MN2); the source of the second NMOS tube (MN2) is grounded, and the gate is connected to the gate of the first NMOS tube (MN1); the first NMOS tube The source of (MN1) is grounded, and the gate and drain are connected to the negative terminal of the reference current source, and the positive terminal of the reference current source is connected to the power supply; the drain of the third NMOS transistor (MN3) is connected to the first PMOS transistor (MP1) Drain, the source of the first PMOS transistor (MP1) is connected to the power supply, and the gate is connected to the output terminal of the first transconductance amplifier (A1); the negative input terminal of the first transconductance amplifier (A1) is connected to the reference voltage, and the positive The input terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the first resistor (R1), and the negative terminal of the first resistor (R1) is connected to the drain of the first PMOS transistor (MP1); the positive terminal of the second resistor (R2) is connected to the first transconductance amplifier ( A1) is connected to the positive input terminal, and the negative terminal of the second resistor (R2) is connected to the gate of the third NMOS transistor (MN3).
所述无源本振开关包括第一、第二电容;所述第一电容(C1)的正端连第三NMOS管(MN3)的漏极,而负端连第二PMOS管(MP2)的源极以及第三PMOS管(MP3)的源极;第二电容(C2)的正端连第三NMOS管(MN3)的源极,而负端连第四PMOS管(MP4)的源极以及第五PMOS管(MP5)的源极。The passive local oscillator switch includes first and second capacitors; the positive end of the first capacitor (C1) is connected to the drain of the third NMOS transistor (MN3), and the negative end is connected to the drain of the second PMOS transistor (MP2). source and the source of the third PMOS transistor (MP3); the positive end of the second capacitor (C2) is connected to the source of the third NMOS transistor (MN3), and the negative end is connected to the source of the fourth PMOS transistor (MP4) and The source of the fifth PMOS transistor (MP5).
所述跨阻放大器包括第二跨导放大器(A2),所述第二PMOS管(MP2)的漏极与第四PMOS管(MP4)的漏极接第二跨导放大器(A2)的负输入端,第三PMOS管(MP3)的漏极和第五PMOS管(MP5)的漏极接第二跨导放大器(A2)的正输入端;第二跨导放大器(A2)和第五PMOS管(MP5)的栅极接本振信号负极,第三PMOS管(MP3)和第四PMOS管(MP4)的栅极接本振信号正极;第三电阻(R3)的正端与第三电容(C3)的正端接第二跨导放大器(A2)的正输入端,第三电阻(R3)的负端与第三电容(C3)的负端接第二跨导放大器(A2)的负输出端;第四电阻(R4)的正端与第四电容(C4)的正端接第二跨导放大器(A2)的负输入端,第四电阻(R4)的负端与第四电容(C4)的负端接第二跨导放大器(A2)的正输出端。The transimpedance amplifier comprises a second transconductance amplifier (A2), the drain of the second PMOS transistor (MP2) and the drain of the fourth PMOS transistor (MP4) are connected to the negative input of the second transconductance amplifier (A2) end, the drain of the third PMOS transistor (MP3) and the drain of the fifth PMOS transistor (MP5) are connected to the positive input of the second transconductance amplifier (A2); the second transconductance amplifier (A2) and the fifth PMOS transistor The gate of (MP5) is connected to the negative pole of the local oscillator signal, and the grids of the third PMOS transistor (MP3) and the fourth PMOS transistor (MP4) are connected to the positive pole of the local oscillator signal; the positive terminal of the third resistor (R3) is connected to the third capacitor ( The positive terminal of C3) is connected to the positive input terminal of the second transconductance amplifier (A2), and the negative terminal of the third resistor (R3) and the negative terminal of the third capacitor (C3) are connected to the negative output of the second transconductance amplifier (A2). terminal; the positive terminal of the fourth resistor (R4) and the positive terminal of the fourth capacitor (C4) are connected to the negative input terminal of the second transconductance amplifier (A2), and the negative terminal of the fourth resistor (R4) is connected to the fourth capacitor (C4) ) is connected to the positive output terminal of the second transconductance amplifier (A2).
有益效果:本发明提供的单端输入双平衡无源混频器,相比现有技术,具有以下效果:Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the single-ended input double-balanced passive mixer provided by the present invention has the following effects:
由于所述巴伦跨导级采用单路偏置电流实现双路差分电流输出的跨导级电路,该跨导级利用无源本振开关的阻抗搬移作用,在本振频率处拉低跨导级输出阻抗并构造类似交流虚地;当输入电压变化时,跨导管分别从差分输出端抽拉电流,实现单路偏置电流实现双路差分电流输出的功能,该电路在NMOS跨导管的上下分别串联PMOS电流源和NMOS电流源,利用了无源混频开关的阻抗变化作用,在本振频率处拉低跨导级的输出阻抗并构造近似交流虚地,输入电压的变化将引起跨导管电流变化,而由于跨导级流进电源和地的电流被固定,并且跨导管的源漏极往本振开关看进去的阻抗足够低,因此其产生的射频电流均注入本振开关级,其源极和漏极电流大小相等,相位相反。相比于相同跨导值的传统差分结构,其偏置电流可减少一半。Since the balun transconductance stage uses a single bias current to realize a transconductance stage circuit with dual differential current output, the transconductance stage uses the impedance transfer effect of the passive local oscillator switch to pull down the transconductance at the local oscillator frequency. Level output impedance and structure similar to AC virtual ground; when the input voltage changes, the transconductor pulls current from the differential output end respectively to realize the function of single-channel bias current and dual-channel differential current output. The PMOS current source and the NMOS current source are connected in series respectively, and the impedance change effect of the passive mixing switch is used to pull down the output impedance of the transconductance stage at the local oscillator frequency and construct an approximate AC virtual ground. The change of the input voltage will cause the transconductance The current changes, and because the current flowing into the power supply and ground of the transconductance stage is fixed, and the impedance of the source and drain of the transconductance to the local oscillator switch is low enough, the radio frequency current generated by it is injected into the local oscillator switch stage, its The source and drain currents are equal in magnitude and opposite in phase. Compared with the traditional differential structure with the same transconductance value, its bias current can be reduced by half.
由上述可知:本发明适用于单端输入,差分输出应用场合的无源混频器。该混频器使用单路偏置电流实现了双路差分电流输出的效果,节约了一半的跨导级电流,实现了同样的等效跨导,显著降低了功耗。It can be known from the above that the present invention is suitable for passive mixers in single-ended input and differential output applications. The mixer uses a single bias current to realize the effect of dual differential current output, saves half of the transconductance stage current, realizes the same equivalent transconductance, and significantly reduces power consumption.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的低功耗单端输入双平衡无源混频器电路图;Fig. 1 is the low power consumption single-ended input double-balanced passive mixer circuit diagram of the present invention;
图2为本发明的低功耗单端输入双平衡无源混频器转换增益随输入频率变化曲线;Fig. 2 is the low power consumption single-ended input double-balanced passive mixer conversion gain curve of the present invention with input frequency;
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
一种单端输入双平衡无源混频器,如图1所示,该混频器由巴伦跨导级、本振开关以及跨阻放大器构成;从功能模块划分上与传统的无源混频器一致:跨导级负责将输入射频电压转化为射频电流;无源本振开关对该射频电流进行变频作用;跨阻放大器则负责将中频电流转化成输出中频电压。所述巴伦跨导级采用单路偏置电流实现双路差分电流输出的跨导级电路,该跨导级利用无源本振开关的阻抗搬移作用,在本振频率处拉低跨导级输出阻抗并构造类似交流虚地;当输入电压变化时,跨导管分别从差分输出端抽拉电流,实现单路偏置电流实现双路差分电流输出的功能。A single-ended input double-balanced passive mixer, as shown in Figure 1, the mixer is composed of a balun transconductance stage, a local oscillator switch and a transimpedance amplifier; it is different from the traditional passive mixer in terms of functional modules The frequency converter is consistent: the transconductance stage is responsible for converting the input radio frequency voltage into radio frequency current; the passive local oscillator switch performs frequency conversion on the radio frequency current; the transimpedance amplifier is responsible for converting the intermediate frequency current into the output intermediate frequency voltage. The balun transconductance stage adopts a single bias current to realize a transconductance stage circuit with dual differential current output. The transconductance stage uses the impedance transfer effect of the passive local oscillator switch to pull down the transconductance stage at the local oscillator frequency. The output impedance and structure are similar to the AC virtual ground; when the input voltage changes, the transconductors pull currents from the differential output terminals respectively, realizing the function of single-channel bias current and dual-channel differential current output.
所述巴伦跨导级包括第一跨导放大器(A1)、第一、第二、第三NMOS管、第一PMOS管,输入电压接第三NMOS管(MN3)的栅极,第三NMOS管(MN3)的源极接第二NMOS管(MN2)的漏极;第二NMOS管(MN2)的源极接地,而栅极接第一NMOS管(MN1)的栅极;第一NMOS管(MN1)的源极接地,而栅极和漏极接参考电流源的负端,参考电流源的正端接电源;第三NMOS管(MN3)的漏极接第一PMOS管(MP1)的漏极,第一PMOS管(MP1)的源极接电源,而栅极接第一跨导放大器(A1)的输出端;第一跨导放大器(A1)的负输入端接参考电压,而正输入端接第一电阻(R1)的正端,第一电阻(R1)的负端接第一PMOS管(MP1)的漏极;第二电阻(R2)的正端与第一跨导放大器(A1)的正输入端相连,第二电阻(R2)的负端与第三NMOS管(MN3)的栅极相连。The balun transconductance stage includes a first transconductance amplifier (A1), first, second and third NMOS transistors, a first PMOS transistor, the input voltage is connected to the gate of the third NMOS transistor (MN3), and the third NMOS transistor (MN3) The source of the tube (MN3) is connected to the drain of the second NMOS tube (MN2); the source of the second NMOS tube (MN2) is grounded, and the gate is connected to the gate of the first NMOS tube (MN1); the first NMOS tube The source of (MN1) is grounded, and the gate and drain are connected to the negative terminal of the reference current source, and the positive terminal of the reference current source is connected to the power supply; the drain of the third NMOS transistor (MN3) is connected to the first PMOS transistor (MP1) Drain, the source of the first PMOS transistor (MP1) is connected to the power supply, and the gate is connected to the output terminal of the first transconductance amplifier (A1); the negative input terminal of the first transconductance amplifier (A1) is connected to the reference voltage, and the positive The input terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the first resistor (R1), and the negative terminal of the first resistor (R1) is connected to the drain of the first PMOS transistor (MP1); the positive terminal of the second resistor (R2) is connected to the first transconductance amplifier ( A1) is connected to the positive input terminal, and the negative terminal of the second resistor (R2) is connected to the gate of the third NMOS transistor (MN3).
所述无源本振开关包括第一、第二电容;所述第一电容(C1)的正端连第三NMOS管(MN3)的漏极,而负端连第二PMOS管(MP2)的源极以及第三PMOS管(MP3)的源极;第二电容(C2)的正端连第三NMOS管(MN3)的源极,而负端连第四PMOS管(MP4)的源极以及第五PMOS管(MP5)的源极。The passive local oscillator switch includes first and second capacitors; the positive end of the first capacitor (C1) is connected to the drain of the third NMOS transistor (MN3), and the negative end is connected to the drain of the second PMOS transistor (MP2). source and the source of the third PMOS transistor (MP3); the positive end of the second capacitor (C2) is connected to the source of the third NMOS transistor (MN3), and the negative end is connected to the source of the fourth PMOS transistor (MP4) and The source of the fifth PMOS transistor (MP5).
所述跨阻放大器包括第二跨导放大器(A2),所述第二PMOS管(MP2)的漏极与第四PMOS管(MP4)的漏极接第二跨导放大器(A2)的负输入端,第三PMOS管(MP3)的漏极和第五PMOS管(MP5)的漏极接第二跨导放大器(A2)的正输入端;第二跨导放大器(A2)和第五PMOS管(MP5)的栅极接本振信号负极,第三PMOS管(MP3)和第四PMOS管(MP4)的栅极接本振信号正极;第三电阻(R3)的正端与第三电容(C3)的正端接第二跨导放大器(A2)的正输入端,第三电阻(R3)的负端与第三电容(C3)的负端接第二跨导放大器(A2)的负输出端;第四电阻(R4)的正端与第四电容(C4)的正端接第二跨导放大器(A2)的负输入端,第四电阻(R4)的负端与第四电容(C4)的负端接第二跨导放大器(A2)的正输出端。The transimpedance amplifier comprises a second transconductance amplifier (A2), the drain of the second PMOS transistor (MP2) and the drain of the fourth PMOS transistor (MP4) are connected to the negative input of the second transconductance amplifier (A2) end, the drain of the third PMOS transistor (MP3) and the drain of the fifth PMOS transistor (MP5) are connected to the positive input of the second transconductance amplifier (A2); the second transconductance amplifier (A2) and the fifth PMOS transistor The gate of (MP5) is connected to the negative pole of the local oscillator signal, and the grids of the third PMOS transistor (MP3) and the fourth PMOS transistor (MP4) are connected to the positive pole of the local oscillator signal; the positive terminal of the third resistor (R3) is connected to the third capacitor ( The positive terminal of C3) is connected to the positive input terminal of the second transconductance amplifier (A2), and the negative terminal of the third resistor (R3) and the negative terminal of the third capacitor (C3) are connected to the negative output of the second transconductance amplifier (A2). terminal; the positive terminal of the fourth resistor (R4) and the positive terminal of the fourth capacitor (C4) are connected to the negative input terminal of the second transconductance amplifier (A2), and the negative terminal of the fourth resistor (R4) is connected to the fourth capacitor (C4) ) is connected to the positive output terminal of the second transconductance amplifier (A2).
如图2所示,为本实施例的低功耗单端输入双平衡无源混频器转换增益曲线,其本振频率为1GHz;从图中可以看出,在本振频率附近20MHz带宽内转换增益约为24dB。As shown in Figure 2, it is the conversion gain curve of the low-power single-ended input double-balanced passive mixer of the present embodiment, and its local oscillator frequency is 1GHz; The conversion gain is about 24dB.
由上述可知,本实施例的创新之处主要体现在跨导级的设计上。传统差分跨导级包含独立的差分支路,其输出射频电流具有相反的极性,分别注入本振开关的差分支路。为了保证带宽和噪声性能,跨导级偏置电流在混频器中占据了较大的比例,因此如能降低跨导级电流则可显著降低混频器总体功耗。本发明提出一种采用单路偏置电流实现双路差分电流输出的跨导级电路;该电路在NMOS跨导管的上下分别串联PMOS电流源和NMOS电流源,利用了无源混频开关的阻抗变化作用,在本振频率处拉低跨导级的输出阻抗并构造近似交流虚地,输入电压的变化将引起跨导管电流变化,而由于跨导级流进电源和地的电流被固定,并且跨导管的源漏极往本振开关看进去的阻抗足够低,因此其产生的射频电流均注入本振开关级,其源极和漏极电流大小相等,相位相反。在无源混频器中,跨导级通常占据了绝大多数的电流消耗,相比于相同跨导值的传统差分结构,其偏置电流可减少一半。即本发明则节约了一半的跨导级电流,显著降低了整体功耗。It can be known from the above that the innovation of this embodiment is mainly reflected in the design of the transconductance stage. Traditional differential transconductance stages consist of separate differential branches whose output RF currents have opposite polarities and are respectively injected into the differential branches of the local oscillator switch. In order to ensure bandwidth and noise performance, the bias current of the transconductance stage occupies a large proportion in the mixer, so if the current of the transconductance stage can be reduced, the overall power consumption of the mixer can be significantly reduced. The present invention proposes a transconductance level circuit that adopts a single-way bias current to realize dual-way differential current output; the circuit connects a PMOS current source and an NMOS current source in series above and below an NMOS transconductor, and utilizes the impedance of a passive mixing switch The effect of the change is to pull down the output impedance of the transconductance stage at the local oscillator frequency and construct an approximate AC virtual ground. The change of the input voltage will cause the change of the transconductance current, and the current flowing into the power supply and the ground due to the transconductance stage is fixed, and The impedance of the source and drain of the transconductor looking into the local oscillator switch is low enough, so the RF current generated by it is injected into the local oscillator switch stage, and the source and drain currents are equal in magnitude and opposite in phase. In a passive mixer, the transconductance stage typically accounts for the vast majority of the current consumption, and its bias current can be reduced by half compared to a traditional differential structure with the same transconductance value. That is, the present invention saves half of the transconductance stage current and significantly reduces the overall power consumption.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also possible. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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CN104702219B (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2017-11-07 | 东南大学 | A kind of single ended input double balanced passive mixers |
CN105245190B (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-11-28 | 东南大学 | One kind is without inductance transconductance-enhancing passive frequency mixer |
CN105553492B (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2018-01-16 | 东南大学 | A kind of low supply voltage double conversion receiver rf front-end |
CN106100589B (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2019-07-02 | 东南大学苏州研究院 | A single-turn dual narrow-band passive mixer |
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CN118631278B (en) * | 2024-08-14 | 2024-11-12 | 厦门意行半导体科技有限公司 | A DC offset correction circuit |
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