CN104701727B - A kind of laser frequency stabiliz ation method and device - Google Patents
A kind of laser frequency stabiliz ation method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of laser frequency stabilisation device, is included in what is be sequentially arranged on a laser optical path：The beam of laser sent by a generating device of laser to be converted to an optical pumping system of a left circularly polarized light and a right-circularly polarized light；To by by two sets of nuclear magnetic resonance systems of the external magnetic field parallel to incident light direction and two atomic air chambers of alternating magnetic field collective effect perpendicular to incident light；To convert optical signal into electric signal and extract a signal acquiring processing system of wherein specific frequency components.The present invention also provides method corresponding with said apparatus.The present invention can be used as error signal by detecting this influence, laser frequency is tended towards stability using the error signal using optical frequency shift effect on influence caused by magneto-optic double resonance signal.
Description
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of to utilize the double resonance of atom magneto-optic and optical frequency shift effect the present invention relates to laser steady frequency technology field
The method and device of stabilized lasers frequency.
Background technology
Since the 1960s Development of Laser Technology, because it has good monochromaticjty and directionality, laser exists
The application prospect in light-matter interaction field is very extensive.Based on quantum-mechanical theory, the bound state energy of atom is point
It is vertical, the referred to as level structure of atom.When light is with atomic interaction, according to selection rule, when the frequency of light is equal to atom two
During individual level spacing, transition can occur for atom, and this is the atomic operation technology carried out using quantum effect.In order to keep light with
Above-mentioned effect occurs for atom, it is necessary to which the frequency stabilization of light is equal to atomic energy level interval.But for most of lasers, due to machine
The factors such as tool vibration, temperature fluctuation, circuit jitter, make the centre frequency of laser can drift about, and so laser just can not
Atom is continued transition, therefore just need a frequency stabilization mechanism to make laser frequency stabilization on atomic energy level interval.Laser
Frequency stabilization technology is widely used, and is being related to the basic research of laser atom interaction and atomic clock, atom magnetometer
Deng in application study, there is important application.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as above-mentioned laser frequency stabilization, the present invention provides a kind of laser frequency stabiliz ation method and device, utilized
Optical frequency shift effect can be used as error signal by detecting this influence, utilize the mistake on influence caused by magneto-optic double resonance signal
Difference signal makes laser frequency tend towards stability.
An object of the present invention is, there is provided a kind of laser frequency stabilisation device, is included on a laser optical path and is sequentially arranged
's：
The beam of laser sent by a generating device of laser is converted into a left circularly polarized light and dextrorotation circle partially
Shake an optical pumping system of light；
To by by the external magnetic field parallel to incident light direction and the alternating magnetic field collective effect two perpendicular to incident light
Two sets of nuclear magnetic resonance systems of atomic air chamber；
To convert optical signal into electric signal and extract a signal acquiring processing system of wherein specific frequency components.
Further, the optical pumping system is included in the polarizer being sequentially arranged on laser optical path, a half
Wave plate, a polarization splitting prism, a pair of first quarter-wave plates and a plane mirror.
Further, the original that the nuclear magnetic resonance system includes a magnetic shielding barrel and is placed in the magnetic shielding barrel
Sub- air chamber, a pair of Helmholtz coils, an external magnetic field coil.
Further, the external magnetic field coil is producing the external magnetic field with incident parallel light, Helmholtz's line
Enclose to produce an alternating magnetic field vertical with the external magnetic field.
Further, the signal acquiring processing system includes：A pair of photodetectors, a lock-in amplifier, a ratio
Integral differential circuit, the frequency for the laser that the PID circuit sends to generating device of laser described in feedback control
Rate.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser frequency stabiliz ation method, comprise the following steps：
1) laser sent from a generating device of laser is converted to a left circularly polarized light and one by an optical pumping system
Right-circularly polarized light；
2) the incident two sets of nuclear magnetic resonance systems of the left circularly polarized light and right-circularly polarized light, the nuclear magnetic resonance
System has the external magnetic field and an alternating magnetic field vertical with the external magnetic field with incident parallel light；
3) left circularly polarized light and right-circularly polarized light after two sets of nuclear magnetic resonance systems respectively by two photoelectricity
Detector detects, and locks the resonant frequency of the alternating magnetic field；
4) carried out that an error signal is calculated according to the resonant frequency；
5) feedback control is carried out to the generating device of laser according to the error signal, occurred so as to stablize the laser
The frequency for the laser that device is sent.
Further, laser described in step 1) is converted to a left circularly polarized light and a dextrorotation by an optical pumping system
Circularly polarized light includes：The laser is converted to a linearly polarized light by a polarizer, then adjusts institute by a half wave plate
State the polarization direction of linearly polarized light, then by a polarization splitting prism linearly polarized light to be divided into the mutually perpendicular line of two-way inclined
Shaken light, and the mutually perpendicular linearly polarized light of the two-way is two-way linearly polarized light parallel to each other by recycling speculum, then is passed through
Two-way linearly polarized light parallel to each other is adjusted to a left circularly polarized light and a dextrorotation by a pair of quarter-wave plates respectively
Circularly polarized light.
Further, external magnetic field described in step 2) is produced by an external magnetic field coil, and the alternating magnetic field passes through one
Helmholtz coil is produced.
Further, carrying out error signal is calculated according to the resonant frequency in step 4) includes；According to described common
Frequency meter is believed after calculating two external magnetic field values of two sets of nuclear magnetic resonance systems, then two external magnetic field value differences point as error
Number.
Further, carrying out feedback control to the generating device of laser according to the error signal in step 5) includes：
After the error signal is carried out into pid calculation processing, generating device of laser, feedback control laser hair are delivered to
The frequency of generating apparatus.
The operation principle of the present invention：
The method and device of the present invention make use of AC stark effects (also known as optical frequency shift effect) to magneto-optic double resonance effect
Influence, when laser frequency changes, error signal feedback laser caused by frequency stabilization system, according to this stabilized lasers frequency
Rate.Two kinds of effects are introduced separately below.
Magneto-optic double resonance effect is a kind of general principle of high-precision quantum measuring method, and it includes optical pumping process (i.e.
Photoresonance process) and magnetic resonance sequence two parts.In external magnetic field Zeeman divisions can occur for atomic energy level, and division interval is just
Than in external magnetic field size, splitted level is referred to as Zeeman energy levels.During Zeeman energy levels a certain with polarization light action, the Zeeman energy
Atom in level can be evacuated, and atom is on other Zeeman energy levels, and whole atomic system polarizes, and this process is referred to as
Optical pumping process.With the Zeeman energy levels of the action of alternating magnetic field atom perpendicular to outer magnetic field direction, when alternating magnetic field frequency etc.
When atom Zeeman level spacings, transition can occur between Zeeman energy levels for atom, and depolarization occurs for whole atomic system, this
Individual process is referred to as magnetic resonance sequence.When two processes occur simultaneously, absorption of the atom for light is maximum.Lock can be utilized mutually to put
Alternating magnetic field Frequency Locking on atom Zeeman level spacings, and then is calculated the size of external magnetic field by big device.Whole process
That is magneto-optic double resonance effect, it is also the general principle of optical pumped magnetometer.
Optical frequency shift effect is in light and processes of interaction, when being not equal to atomic energy level interval due to the frequency of light
(frequency of light has off resonance with atomic energy level), light make the effect that atomic energy level is moved, the size of atomic energy level movement and
The frequency size of light is relevant.
Consider above two effect simultaneously, it is possible to using influence of the optical frequency shift effect to magneto-optic double resonance effect come stable
Laser frequency.
In magneto-optic double resonance effect, if off resonance, Zeeman be present with Zeeman energy levels in the polarised light during optical pumping
Energy level is moved, and the alternating magnetic field frequency in magnetic resonance sequence also changes, that is, the external magnetic field size calculated also occurs
Change.In summary, the change of laser frequency causes the change of the external magnetic field size finally calculated.I.e. if keeping external magnetic field
It is constant, then the change of the external magnetic field change reflection laser frequency calculated, this signal feedback control laser can be utilized, is made
Laser frequency stabilization.
But in many application scenarios, external magnetic field can be fluctuated by environmental disturbances, at this moment feedback signal meeting mentioned above
The fluctuation information of external magnetic field itself is included, is not simple laser frequency fluctuation information.In order to solve this problem, can select
Zeeman is split into the atom of three Zeeman energy levels, such as the atom of helium -4.Use left circularly polarized light and right-circularly polarized light
During the metastable state of the atom of pumping helium -4 (atom of helium -4 metastable state is split into three Zeeman energy levels under external magnetic field), because
The polarization of light field is different, so the Zeeman energy levels of light field effect are different, the Zeeman energy shifts as caused by optical frequency shift are different.
But Zeeman energy level splittings change is identical as caused by changing external magnetic field.Two sets of magneto-optic double resonance systems can be utilized
System, respectively using left circularly polarized light and right-hand circular polarization optical pumping, the external magnetic field size difference processing that will finally calculate, then
The fluctuation of external magnetic field can remove, the influence that only remaining laser frequency wave zone comes.
Understood with reference to the explanation of above-mentioned operation principle, by taking technical scheme as above, the present invention has beneficial below
Effect：
1st, for most of laser application fields, it is necessary to which laser has stable frequency.Because general laser itself is deposited
In frequency fluctuation, the present invention can be utilized by laser frequency stabilization.This frequency stabilization system is led for atomic clock and atomic light filter
The experiment in domain provides a kind of new scheme with application study.
2nd, for optical pumping atom magnetometer field, external magnetic field measurement can carried out using the method and device of the present invention
Realize the stabilization of laser frequency simultaneously, save discrete laser frequency stabilization system, be advantageous to system compact, and reduce research and development into
This.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the laser frequency stabilisation device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the fluctuation situation schematic diagram of laser error signal before frequency stabilization in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the fluctuation situation schematic diagram of laser error signal after frequency stabilization in the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals：1- lasers；2- polarizers；3- half wave plates；4- polarization splitting prisms；5- planes are anti-
Penetrate mirror；The quarter-wave plates of 6- first；The quarter-wave plates of 7- second；8- the first external magnetic field coils；9- the second external magnetic field coils；
The Helmholtz coils of 10- first；The Helmholtz coils of 11- second；The atomic air chambers of 12- first；The atomic air chambers of 13- second；14-
One magnetic shielding barrel；The magnetic shielding barrels of 15- second；The photodetectors of 16- first；The photodetectors of 17- second；18- lock-in amplifiers；
19- PID circuits.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is necessary to it is pointed out here that, detailed description below
Be served only for that the present invention is further detailed, it is impossible to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the field it is common
Technical staff can make some nonessential modifications and adaptations according to foregoing invention content to the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, laser frequency stabilisation device bag of the present invention for the progress frequency stabilization of laser 1 as generating device of laser
Include the beam of laser sent by a generating device of laser is converted into a left circularly polarized light and a right-circularly polarized light
One optical pumping system；To by by the external magnetic field parallel to incident light direction and the alternating magnetic field collective effect perpendicular to incident light
Two sets of nuclear magnetic resonance systems of two atomic air chambers；To convert optical signal into electric signal and extract wherein specific frequency point
One signal acquiring processing system of amount.Wherein optical pumping system include polarizer 2, half wave plate 3, polarization spectro it is calm 4,
Plane mirror 5, the first quarter-wave plate 6, the second quarter-wave plate 7；Nuclear magnetic resonance system includes：First external magnetic field
Coil 8, the second external magnetic field coil 9, the first Helmholtz coil 10, the second Helmholtz coil 11, the first atomic air chamber 12,
Two atomic air chambers 13；First magnetic shielding barrel 14, the second magnetic shielding barrel 15；Signal acquiring processing system includes：First photodetection
Device 16, the second photodetector 17, lock-in amplifier 18, PID circuit 19.
The laser being emitted from laser 1 becomes linearly polarized light by polarizer 2, and it is inclined to adjust line using half wave plate 3
Shaken the polarization direction of light, then linearly polarized light is divided into the mutually perpendicular linearly polarized light of two-way by polarization splitting prism 4, using anti-
Penetrate mirror 5 and two-beam is adjusted to directional light, using the first quarter-wave plate 6 and the second quarter-wave plate 7 respectively by two beams
Linearly polarized light is adjusted to left circularly polarized light and right-circularly polarized light.
Then by left circularly polarized light and the incident two sets of nuclear magnetic resonance systems of right-circularly polarized light difference.Nuclear magnetic resonance
System is masked the interference of ambient electromagnetic field by the first magnetic shielding barrel 14 and the second magnetic shielding barrel 15, is used inside magnetic shielding barrel
First external magnetic field coil 8 and the second external magnetic field coil 9 produce the external magnetic field parallel to incident laser.In the He of the first atomic air chamber 12
Generated respectively with the first Helmholtz coil 10 and the second Helmholtz coil 11 perpendicular to external magnetic field on second atomic air chamber 13
Alternating magnetic field, alternating magnetic field frequency controlled by signal acquiring processing system.
Detected respectively by the first photodetector 16 and the second photodetector 17 by the two-beam of atomic air chamber, respectively
Lock the magnetic resonance frequency of alternating magnetic field respectively with lock-in amplifier 18, can directly calculate the size of external magnetic field.By two sets
After the external magnetic field value difference point that nuclear magnetic resonance system-computed goes out, as error signal, by the computing of PID circuit 19
Processing, feedback control laser frequency, you can realize the stabilization to laser frequency.Below using to the frequency stabilization of 1083nm lasers as
Instantiation, illustrate the course of work and principle of the present invention, please also refer to Fig. 1：
1st, the specific device selected is as follows
Centre wavelength to be stablized is 1083nm laser 1, wavelength 1083nm polarizer centered on polarizer 2, two
Wavelength 1083nm half wave plate centered on/mono- wave plate 3, wavelength 1083nm polarization centered on polarization splitting prism 4
Amici prism, plane mirror 5 for can the silver-colored speculum in 95% reflectivity wide to 1083nm, the first quarter-wave plate
6 and second wavelength 1083nm centered on quarter-wave plate 7 quarter-wave plate, the first external magnetic field coil 8 and the second outer magnetic
Field coil 9 is two high 100cm of basal diameter 25cm cylindrical, copper coil, the first Helmholtz coil 10 and bis- Hai Muhuo
Hereby coil 11 is two couples of diameter 6cm Helmholtz's copper coil, and the first atomic air chamber 12 and the second atomic air chamber 13 are that bottom surface is straight
Helium -4 (He-4) atomic gas, air pressure about 0.3Torr, the first magnetic shielding barrel are filled in the high 4cm of footpath 3cm cylinder glass envelope, inside
14 and second magnetic shielding barrel 15 be the high 130cm of basal diameter 28cm cylindrical magnetic shielding barrel, the first photodetector 16 and the
Two photodetectors 17 are the InGaAs photodetectors that can respond 1083nm laser, and lock-in amplifier 18 is former for that can lock helium -4
The lock-in amplifier of sub- magnetic resonance frequency, PID circuit 19 are that can adjust lock-in amplifier 18 and feedback laser
1 PID circuit module.
2nd, working process and principle
As shown in figure 1, the light being emitted from 1083nm lasers 1 becomes linearly polarized light by polarizer 2, half is utilized
Wave plate 3 adjusts the polarization direction of linearly polarized light, it is therefore an objective to the light intensity ratio of adjustment left and right optically-active below.Pass through polarization spectro again
Linearly polarized light is divided into the mutually perpendicular linearly polarized light of two-way by prism 4, and two-beam is adjusted into directional light using speculum 5, made
With the first quarter-wave plate 6 and the first quarter-wave plate 7 respectively by two bunch polarised lights be adjusted to left circularly polarized light and
Right-circularly polarized light.
Then by the incident two sets of nuclear magnetic resonance systems of two-beam.Nuclear magnetic resonance system is by the first magnetic shielding barrel 14 and
Two magnetic shielding barrels 15 mask the interference of ambient electromagnetic field, and the incident light direction of magnetic shielding barrel will ensure to hang down with environmental magnetic field direction
Directly, to reach optimal shield effectiveness.Produced inside magnetic shielding barrel using the first external magnetic field coil 8 and the second external magnetic field coil 9
Parallel to the external magnetic field of incident laser.Respectively with first Helmholtz's line on the first atomic air chamber 12 and the second atomic air chamber 13
The Helmholtz coil 11 of circle 10 and second generates the alternating magnetic field perpendicular to external magnetic field, and the amplitude of alternating magnetic field is much smaller than by outer magnetic
The magnetic field size of field coil generation, alternating magnetic field frequency are controlled by signal acquiring processing system.
Detected respectively by the first photodetector 16 and the second photodetector 17 by the two-beam of the atomic air chamber of helium -4,
Lock the magnetic resonance frequency of alternating magnetic field respectively with lock-in amplifier 18 respectively, can directly calculate the size of external magnetic field.Will
After the external magnetic field value difference point that two sets of nuclear magnetic resonance system-computeds go out, as error signal, by PID circuit 19
The parameter of calculation process, wherein PID fluctuates situation experiment regulation according to the actual frequency for treating stabilized laser device.Should
Signal feedback control laser frequency, you can to realize the stabilization for laser frequency.
Experimental result is as follows：
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 be the external magnetic field size of the difference (i.e. error signal) that calculates of frequency stabilization system before and after laser frequency stabilization with
The result of time change.Transverse axis is time of measuring in figure, gathers the data of 5000 seconds altogether, and the longitudinal axis calculates outer for frequency stabilization system
Magnetic field difference, it reflects the fluctuation situation of laser frequency.Before frequency stabilization, error signal has 0.005nT to 0.075nT anaplasia
Change, i.e., it is 0.07nT to change caused fluctuation by laser frequency.And error signal has -0.13nT to -0.172nT changes after frequency stabilization
Change, i.e., fluctuation is 0.042nT as caused by laser frequency.It can be seen that passing through the frequency stabilization system, laser frequency fluctuation is pressed into original
50% first fluctuated.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of laser frequency stabilisation device, it is characterised in that be included in what is be sequentially arranged on a laser optical path：
The beam of laser sent by a generating device of laser is converted into a left circularly polarized light and a right-circularly polarized light
An optical pumping system；
To by by the external magnetic field parallel to incident light direction and two atoms of alternating magnetic field collective effect perpendicular to incident light
Two sets of nuclear magnetic resonance systems of air chamber；
To convert optical signal into electric signal and extract wherein specific frequency components and by two-way magneto-optic double resonance signal meter
Calculate the signal acquiring processing system that error signal carries out frequency stabilization.
2. laser frequency stabilisation device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the optical pumping system is included on laser optical path
A polarizer, a half wave plate, a polarization splitting prism, a pair of quarter-wave plates and the plane reflection being sequentially arranged
Mirror.
3. laser frequency stabilisation device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the nuclear magnetic resonance system includes a magnetic screen
Bucket and an atomic air chamber, a pair of Helmholtz coils, the external magnetic field coil being placed in the magnetic shielding barrel.
4. laser frequency stabilisation device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the external magnetic field coil is producing and incident light
A parallel external magnetic field, the Helmholtz coil is producing an alternating magnetic field vertical with the external magnetic field.
5. laser frequency stabilisation device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the signal acquiring processing system includes：A pair
Photodetector, a lock-in amplifier, a PID circuit, the PID circuit is to feedback control institute
State the frequency for the laser that generating device of laser is sent.
6. a kind of laser frequency stabiliz ation method, comprises the following steps：
1) laser sent from a generating device of laser is converted to a left circularly polarized light and a dextrorotation by an optical pumping system
Circularly polarized light；
2) the incident two sets of nuclear magnetic resonance systems of the left circularly polarized light and right-circularly polarized light, the nuclear magnetic resonance system
With the external magnetic field with incident parallel light and an alternating magnetic field vertical with the external magnetic field；
3) left circularly polarized light and right-circularly polarized light after two sets of nuclear magnetic resonance systems respectively by two photodetections
Device detects, and locks the resonant frequency of the alternating magnetic field；
4) carried out that an error signal is calculated according to the resonant frequency；
5) feedback control is carried out to the generating device of laser according to the error signal, so as to stablize the generating device of laser
The frequency of the laser sent.
7. laser frequency stabiliz ation method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that laser described in step 1) passes through an optical pumping system
System, which is converted to a left circularly polarized light and a right-circularly polarized light, to be included：The laser is converted to a linear polarization by a polarizer
Light, then the polarization direction by the half wave plate adjustment linearly polarized light, then by a polarization splitting prism by described in
Linearly polarized light is divided into the mutually perpendicular linearly polarized light of two-way, and the mutually perpendicular linearly polarized light of the two-way is by recycling speculum
Two-way linearly polarized light parallel to each other, then by a pair of quarter-wave plates respectively by two-way linearly polarized light parallel to each other
It is adjusted to a left circularly polarized light and a right-circularly polarized light.
8. laser frequency stabiliz ation method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that external magnetic field described in step 2) passes through an external magnetic
Field coil is produced, and the alternating magnetic field is produced by a pair of Helmholtz coils.
9. laser frequency stabiliz ation method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that counted in step 4) according to the resonant frequency
Calculation, which obtains error signal, to be included；Two external magnetic field values of two sets of nuclear magnetic resonance systems are calculated according to the resonant frequency, then
Error signal is used as after two external magnetic field value differences point.
10. laser frequency stabiliz ation method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that according to the error signal to institute in step 5)
Stating generating device of laser progress feedback control includes：After the error signal is carried out into pid calculation processing, conveying
To generating device of laser, the frequency of feedback control laser generating means.
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