CN104699908A - Manufacturing method for 3D orthopedic insole - Google Patents
Manufacturing method for 3D orthopedic insole Download PDFInfo
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- CN104699908A CN104699908A CN201510130971.2A CN201510130971A CN104699908A CN 104699908 A CN104699908 A CN 104699908A CN 201510130971 A CN201510130971 A CN 201510130971A CN 104699908 A CN104699908 A CN 104699908A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a manufacturing method for a 3D orthopedic insole. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: carrying out imageological examination on an ankle on a load bearing position or carrying out imageological examination on a non-load-bearing position of the orthopedic ankle; introducing three-dimensional modeling software into a scanned image to generate three-dimensional models of foot bones and feet; inducing an insole curved surface matched with a sole according to the three-dimensional model of the feet; carrying out orthopedic operation on the insole curved surface according to the three-dimensional model of the feet and the specific types of the foot bones to obtain the orthopedic insole curved surface; and printing the insole corresponding to the orthopedic insole curved surface by a 3D printer. By the aid of the manufacturing method, the insole can be individually customized, and the targeted orthopedic insole is manufactured according to the changes of the feet of patients.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for making of 3D orthopedic insoles, be applied to the making field of shoe-pad.
Background technology
Orthopedic insoles be widely used in orthopaedics and orthopaedic srugery and rehabilitation department clinical in.Flat foot, talipes cavus, Plantar Fasciitis, hyperosteogeny, diabetic keratopathy ulcer of sole, intoe, gout, subtalar joint subluxation, lower limb rotation deformity, gonitis, meniscus injury, cruciate ligament etc. all can improve symptom by orthopedic insoles, delay disease development, correct the line of force or as postoperative rehabilitation.
Flat foot patient flattens because of plantar arch collapse, arch of foot lose after metapedes shorten, make the forward and backward muscular relaxation of shin, reduce the maintenance ability to arch of foot, increase the weight of the formation of flat foot.Chop and brevis loses the antagonism of flesh before and after shin bone and occurs excessive tractive, hypertonia, occurs front foot supination abduction and the rear strephexopodia.Plantar aponeurosis accounts for 1/3 of whole plantar ligaments to the supporting role of longitudinal arch of foot in sagittal plane, and limits abduction and the outward turning of foot bones in other two planes.So when plantar aponeurosis relax lose intrinsic restraint time, increased the weight of the abduction of front foot, outward turning and the rear strephexopodia.The average weight in vola is distributed and is normally about metapedes 60%, mesopodium 8%, front foot 28%, toe 4%, and wherein fifth metatarsal bone load-bearing reaches 11% of general assembly (TW), and the 1st astragalus load-bearing reaches 12% of general assembly (TW).Research shows, sarapus causes fifth metatarsal bone load-bearing to reduce to 1% because of the rear strephexopodia, and the 1st metatarsal load-bearing is increased to 22%, and that causes first metatarsal bone, big toe after plantar arch collapse revolves front power in addition, easily causes Hallux valgus.Flat foot disease patient is because of flatfoot deformity, bring obvious change to tibial astragaloid joint is stressed, make the total contact region of articular surface of ankle outside, move backward, contact area reduces 35%, mean pressure increases by 14%, and pressure peak is moved outside distributive province, adds the pathology risk of ankle-joint, more because of the change of the lower limb line of force, cause knee, all there is the line of force and change and cause arthritis to occur in hip joint, the later stage also can cause back pain to occur because of faulty posture and the lopsided line of force.Flatfoot patient is because of the inner laxity of ligament of foot, and sufficient bone arrangement change causes ankle and foot pain, and the functional disturbances such as posterior tibial muscle tendon cause ankle muscular strength to decline, and then locomitivity reduces, walking of can not going hiking.The further damage of ligament and muscle will cause the further dislocation distortion of each bone of foot and joint.A large amount of scholar tests confirmation, and foot orthopedic insoles should as the intervention means of the first step, and by supporting the arch of foot that inner side subsides on shoe-pad, padded inner side heel corrects valgus calcaneus, can reduction of patient pain, rebuilds the shape of inside of the foot, improves the quality of living.
Orthopedic insoles is divided into Prefabricated orthopedic insoles and customization orthopedic insoles.
Prefabricated shoe-pad is according to foot fixed size, and as 39,40 yards etc., use mould batch making, orthopedic mode is that level altitude raises arch of foot, pressurizes to articulatio talonavicularis in fixing position, and fixing angle correction turns up calcaneum; Because this technology is not high for shoe-pad wright knowledge technology, working environment and equipment requirement, apply comparatively extensive in Asia and Some European area.The method uses mould to produce, and can not make and processing targetedly, but take a part for the whole according to patients feet's concrete shape and problem.Now commercially be flooded with a large amount of product of orthopedic shoes pads, what be uniform data increases medial arch and heel portion, declares rectifiable various lower limb malformation.1, can not consider each patients feet's degree of deformity, be such as soft type or stiff type flat foot, therefore can not by the different material of categorizing selection.And lot of documents proves, the materials for support arch of foot that the application of soft type flat foot is harder, and the more soft more comfortable material of stiff type flat foot application improves symptom.2, the sufficient bone arrangement of individual can not be considered, such as with or without articulatio talonavicularis dislocation and dislocation degree, with or without valgus calcaneus deformity and degree of turning up, therefore can not make maleformation and accurately correct design.This is all that non-medical staff deviser causes not to the splayfooted pathologic, physiologic acquisition of knowledge.And simple raise arch of foot, after the patient of different pathogeny uses, often not only can not solve foot problems, have deterioration effect to the state of an illness on the contrary, the lower limb line of force or foot deformity are made a variation further.
Customized insole completes often under podiatrist instructs, and compares the former, more targetedly.One, conventional gypsum model shoe-pad method for making is common method, need to patients feet with plaster bandage get female, gypsum sun shape repaiies type and uses plastic plate to carry out manual the beaing of high-temperature molding or metal material and make personalized shoe-pad.The feature of this manufacturing technology is that shoe-pad makes long processing time, general a pair of shoe-pad makes the two day time of palpus, requires high especially to making teacher's technology and clinical experience simultaneously, could need be competent at through long-time professional knowledge study and clinical speciality practical training.In the U.S., owing to making by traditional-handwork the impact that shoe-pad pattern, foot straightening technique educational mode, national economy are comparatively rich and people are higher on the foot disease degree of awareness, the method that gypsum gets type making is also extensively used.There is following problem in it: 1, and moulding basis is patients feet's profile, but not the Imageology of patients feet's bone structure.The measurement of deformity and the design of shoe-pad osteotomy site can not reach unified precision.2, insole design is completed by the technician of brace company, and non-physician, namely diagnosis and shoe-pad make and are completed by different department, create disconnection, and the technician lacking theory of medicine knowledge can not in conjunction with clinical perfect for orthopedic insoles design.3, delivery and production are that multistep completes, and are difficult to the degree of accuracy ensureing product.4, patient is orthopedic is a long process, and may need the orthopedic insoles how long changing differing heights and position, need the delivery of corresponding number of times with original method for customizing, to manpower, material resources are significant wastage.Two, the mode of sole pressure test instrument carries out the defect that computer for analysis and dynamic chek find existing for foot, and computer system by the special design software of shoe-pad, carries out shoe-pad specific design the information of obtained extraction.Personalized shoe-pad is produced finally by number processing lathe.There is following problem in it: 1, sole pressure test only can analyze position and the degree of plantar arch collapse, and computer can not judge the concrete change that sufficient bone arranges, and such as with or without articulatio talonavicularis dislocation, valgus calcaneus degree is soft type or stiff type flat foot etc.Because often kind of situation all needs orthopedic targetedly, this is that sole pressure test instrument is unanalyzable, and it only can make the shoe-pad correcting medial arch height.2, the making of shoe-pad is the participation that computer software coordinates insole design teacher, does not have doctor to the detailed understanding of conditions of patients and guidance, therefore can not reach with a definite target in view.3, the complex surface machining of numerically-controlled machine to shoe-pad is greatly consuming time, and cost is high, and also very high to the requirement of machine operation person.Numerically-controlled machine almost cannot be processed flexible material in addition, and the selection of material is just limited to very much, needs the process of later stage complexity.Process is loaded down with trivial details, and cost is higher.4, CAD/CAM shoe-pad makes needs plantar pressure analyser, external Special shoe pad Software for producing, and the equipment such as lathe, invest huge, and fundamentally not from the bone sex deviation analysis and designation shoe-pad of patient.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve prior art Problems existing, the invention provides a kind of method for making of 3D orthopedic insoles, personalized customization shoe-pad can be realized, making orthopedic insoles targetedly according to the change of patients feet.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A method for making for 3D orthopedic insoles, comprising:
(1) imaging examination is carried out to the ankle of Weight carrying position, or imaging examination is carried out to the non-weight bearing position of the ankle after rectification;
(2) import three-dimensional modeling software to by the image of scanning, generate the three-dimensional model of sufficient bone and foot;
(3) manual analysis foot bone type, and confirm that sufficient bone type is pure plantar arch collapse, the one in plantar arch collapse companion's valgus calcaneus and plantar arch collapse companion's valgus calcaneus and middle abduction of foot, articulatio talonavicularis dislocation;
(4) derive for the shoe-pad curved surface in laminating vola according to the three-dimensional model of foot;
(5) carry out orthopedic according to the three-dimensional model of sufficient bone and the particular type of sufficient bone to shoe-pad curved surface, obtain orthopedic after shoe-pad curved surface;
(6) by 3D printer print with orthopedic after shoe-pad curved surface corresponding to shoe-pad.
In step 1, described imaging examination comprises employing X-ray machine, CT machine or magnetic resonance examination machine and checks.
In step 2, described three-dimensional modeling software is MIMICS.
Preferably, in steps of 5, concrete straightening method is:
(5.1) by obtaining three-dimensional model arch of foot length and the nut bone height of sufficient bone, and calculate nut bone index, according to the nut bone index of normal person, calculate obtain nut bone should on the height lifted, obtain further arch of foot should on the height lifted, thus calculate and obtain degree of raising on the corresponding curved surface of shoe-pad.
Further, described nut bone should on the height lifted and arch of foot should on height that the height lifted and the corresponding curved surface of described shoe-pad are lifted equal.
Preferably, for judging that sufficient bone type is as plantar arch collapse companion valgus calcaneus, also has in steps of 5 in step 3,
(5.2) 15-20mm back wall is set in the heel portion of the correspondence of shoe-pad curved surface.
For judge in step 3 sufficient bone type as plantar arch collapse companion valgus calcaneus and middle abduction of foot, articulatio talonavicularis dislocation, also have in steps of 5,
(5.3) extend upward inboard wing in the inner side of shoe-pad curved surface by heel back wall, the height of described inboard wing to reach in astragalus lower 1/3; Protruding laterally, inboard wing extends forward and drops to gradually in the middle part of first metatarsal bone;
(5.4) ala lateralis is extended upward in the outside of shoe-pad curved surface by heel back wall, along being positioned at tuberosity of cuboid bone place on it, described ala lateralis is with cuboid nearly calcaneum end for summit is protruding to the inside, and described ala lateralis extends forward and drops to gradually in the middle part of fifth metatarsal bone.
Any one in the described employing of 3D printer nylon, EVA plastic material, isocyanurate foam, thermoplastic elastomer and ABS plastic is as raw material.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, in conjunction with clinical medicine and digitizing technique, medical diagnosis on disease and insole design complete by the doctor in charge of patient, the imaging data of patient and the design data of shoe-pad are all stored in database, be applicable to long term follow-up, according to conditions of patients improvement, detect conditions of patients variation tendency and further suggestion can be proposed.Patient because of damage or disease progression needs to change shoe-pad time, need not delivery again, directly can again adjust rear production according to the raw data in database.
2, really realize personalized customization, imaging examination and 3D modeling can reflect the exception of patient's leg bone and soft tissue more accurately, carry out analyzing anatomical abnormal, and can give accurate customization on insole design by accurate DATA REASONING.At arch of foot peak, and nut bone near-end lower edge, accurately raise arch of foot from here, recover arch of foot to anatomical position.When front abduction of foot deformity, customizable accurately from the pressurization of head of talus position with pressurize at cuboid.Foot inward turning, when valgus calcaneus is serious, on heel cups ground design inclined-plane, can correct valgus calcaneus further.These are all that conventional art can not accurately be accomplished! Because flat foot is divided into variety classes, such as simple plantar arch collapse, merges valgus calcaneus, merges articulatio talonavicularis dislocation etc.Orthopedic insoles targetedly can be made according to the change of patients feet.
3, orthopedic insoles is from delivery, is designed into production, completes by digitizing technique, greatly reduces the error in links.3D prints by control errors in nanometer range, also can better improve the laminating degree of degree of accuracy and shoe-pad.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of Fig. 1 orthopedic insoles;
Fig. 2 is foot bones structural representation;
Schematic diagram after Tu3Shi foot coordinates with orthopedic insoles;
Fig. 4 is the skeleton view of Fig. 3.
Wherein: 1, inboard wing; 2, heel back wall; 3, ala lateralis; 4, cuboid.
Embodiment
See Fig. 1-Fig. 4,
Embodiment 1:
The invention provides a kind of method for making of 3D orthopedic insoles, comprise the following steps:
(1) imaging examination is carried out to the ankle of Weight carrying position, or imaging examination is carried out to the non-weight bearing position of the ankle after rectification;
(2) import three-dimensional modeling software to by the image of scanning, generate the three-dimensional model of sufficient bone and foot;
(3) derive for the shoe-pad curved surface in laminating vola according to the three-dimensional model of foot;
(4) carry out orthopedic according to the three-dimensional model of sufficient bone and the particular type of sufficient bone to shoe-pad curved surface, obtain orthopedic after shoe-pad curved surface;
(5) by 3D printer print with orthopedic after shoe-pad curved surface corresponding to shoe-pad.
Be exactly the three-dimensional model by scanning user foot, then derive the shoe-pad curved surface in laminating vola, then printed by shoe-pad by 3D printer, make in use, fitting completely in shoe-pad vola that is complete and user, thus strengthens the level of comfort of user.
Full laminating foot pad can mean allocation plantar pressure, avoids vola local accumulation strain, protection sole of the foot manadesma, prevent its repeatedly tractive cause the generations such as sole of the foot fascitis and calcaneal spur.Full gluing shoe pays somebody's debt and expect repayment later the probability that can reduce Falls in Old People.
Certainly above process can omit step 4.
The nut bone index (belonging to prior art) of normal person is between 5.4-6.5 (in Fig. 2 a/b), and the nut bone index of some people is greater than 6.5, affects to normal life.
By the three-dimensional model of sufficient bone obtained in step 2, calculate the nut bone index of user, as nut bone index is greater than 6.5, then illustrate and need to shoe-pad just orthopedic (step 4).
Concrete straightening method is:
By obtaining three-dimensional model arch of foot length and the nut bone height of sufficient bone, and calculate nut bone index, according to the nut bone index of normal person, calculate obtain nut bone should on the height lifted, obtain further arch of foot should on the height lifted, thus calculate and obtain degree of raising on the corresponding curved surface of shoe-pad.
User is when using this shoe-pad, the curved surface of the arch of foot that shoe-pad is corresponding has lifted certain height on upwards, thus the arch of foot of user is also upwards lifted, and further makes the nut bone of user move up, thus reduce the nut bone index of user, make within its scope being in regulation.
Needs illustrate, described nut bone should on the height lifted and arch of foot should on height that the height lifted and the corresponding curved surface of described shoe-pad are lifted equal.
That is, height when shoe-pad is corrected distance and user use this shoe-pad, nut bone lifted is equal.
By such setting, the orthopedic insoles obtained by the method is made to possess certain health-care effect.
The orthopedic insoles that above method obtains also can be used for carrying out foot's shaping to the patient of flatfoot.
In step 1, described imaging examination comprises employing X-ray machine, CT machine or magnetic resonance examination machine and checks.
In step 2, described three-dimensional modeling software is MIMICS.
Said MIMICS software is existing software above, and its purposes and function just repeat no more at this.
Any one in the described employing of 3D printer nylon, EVA plastic material, isocyanurate foam, thermoplastic elastomer and ABS plastic is as raw material.
Embodiment 2:
A method for making for 3D orthopedic insoles, comprising:
(1) imaging examination is carried out to the ankle of Weight carrying position, or imaging examination is carried out to the non-weight bearing position of the ankle after rectification;
(2) import three-dimensional modeling software to by the image of scanning, generate the three-dimensional model of sufficient bone and foot;
(3) manual analysis foot bone type, and confirm that sufficient bone type is pure plantar arch collapse, the one in plantar arch collapse companion's valgus calcaneus and plantar arch collapse companion's valgus calcaneus and middle abduction of foot, articulatio talonavicularis dislocation;
(4) derive for the shoe-pad curved surface in laminating vola according to the three-dimensional model of foot;
(5) carry out orthopedic according to the three-dimensional model of sufficient bone and the particular type of sufficient bone to shoe-pad curved surface, obtain orthopedic after shoe-pad curved surface; At arch of foot peak, and nut bone near-end lower edge, accurately raise arch of foot from here, recover arch of foot to anatomical position.
(5.1) by obtaining three-dimensional model arch of foot length and the nut bone height of sufficient bone, and calculate nut bone index, according to the nut bone index of normal person, calculate obtain nut bone should on the height lifted, obtain further arch of foot should on the height lifted, thus calculate and obtain degree of raising on the corresponding curved surface of shoe-pad;
(5.2) 15-20mm heel back wall 2 is set in the heel portion of the correspondence of shoe-pad curved surface;
Heel portion insole design is level, for foot inward turning, when valgus calcaneus is serious, can design inclined-plane in heel cups bottom water plane, strengthens the orthopedic of valgus calcaneus.
(5.3) extend upward inboard wing 1 in the inner side of shoe-pad curved surface by heel back wall, the height of described inboard wing to reach in astragalus lower 1/3; Protruding laterally, inboard wing extends forward and drops to gradually in the middle part of first metatarsal bone;
(5.4) ala lateralis 3 is extended upward in the outside of shoe-pad curved surface by heel back wall, along being positioned at cuboid 4 tuberosity place on it, described ala lateralis is with cuboid nearly calcaneum end for summit is protruding to the inside, and described ala lateralis extends forward and drops to gradually in the middle part of fifth metatarsal bone;
(6) by 3D printer print with orthopedic after shoe-pad curved surface corresponding to shoe-pad.
It should be noted that, be pure plantar arch collapse for sufficient bone type, only need proceed to step 5.1 in its step 5.
Be plantar arch collapse companion valgus calcaneus for sufficient bone type, its step 5 need proceed to step 5.2, and that is medicine carries out step 5.1 and step 5.2 (plantar arch collapse companion valgus calcaneus is inevitable with pure plantar arch collapse) in steps of 5.
Heel portion design back wall, valgus calcaneus and give the pressure of calcaneum to Inner front when strengthening preventing walking.During articulatio talonavicularis dislocation, design inboard wing, the height of the wing is to be as the criterion in the middle part of astragalus, protruding laterally, gives the thrust that head of talus is upwards outside, corrects articulatio talonavicularis dislocation.
The thickness of back wall is arranged on 15-20mm, mainly considers that the thickness of spring heel generally can not be greater than 20mm, thus needs the THICKNESS CONTROL of back wall within 20mm.
And the concrete selection of thickness, then need to determine according to the actual conditions of user.
For plantar arch collapse companion valgus calcaneus and middle abduction of foot, articulatio talonavicularis dislocation, need in steps of 5 to proceed to step 5.4.
During articulatio talonavicularis dislocation, design inboard wing, the height of the wing is to be as the criterion in the middle part of astragalus, protruding laterally, gives the thrust that head of talus is upwards outside, corrects articulatio talonavicularis dislocation.
Orthopedic insoles can be made into hard orthopedic insoles, semihard orthopedic insoles or soft orthopedic insoles as required.
Hard orthopedic insoles: directly with hard material, as PP, nylon adds glass etc. and prints 3/4 shoe-pad, without the need at surface recombination flexible material.
Semihard orthopedic insoles: the far-end printing shoe-pad (bottom shoe-pad) is about 2cm position at articulationes metatarsophalangeae near-end, is 3/4 shoe-pad, print with relatively hard materials, as PP, nylon adds glass, hard EVA etc.The thick flexible material of 2mm is about at bottom shoe insole surface compound one deck, as EVA, RUBBER, silica gel, ox-hide etc., the pressure that buffering and absorption foot are subject to.
Soft orthopedic insoles: directly with soft nylon, rubber etc. print, prints full length insole, does not need surface recombination material.
Claims (6)
1. a method for making for 3D orthopedic insoles, is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) imaging examination is carried out to the ankle of Weight carrying position, or imaging examination is carried out to the non-weight bearing position of the ankle after rectification;
(2) import three-dimensional modeling software to by the image of scanning, generate the three-dimensional model of sufficient bone and foot;
(3) derive for the shoe-pad curved surface in laminating vola according to the three-dimensional model of foot;
(4) carry out orthopedic according to the three-dimensional model of sufficient bone and the particular type of sufficient bone to shoe-pad curved surface, obtain orthopedic after shoe-pad curved surface;
(5) by 3D printer print with orthopedic after shoe-pad curved surface corresponding to shoe-pad.
2. the method for making of 3D orthopedic insoles according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 1, and described imaging examination comprises employing X-ray machine, CT machine or magnetic resonance examination machine and checks.
3. the method for making of 3D orthopedic insoles according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2, and described three-dimensional modeling software is MIMICS.
4. the method for making of 3D orthopedic insoles according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 4, and concrete straightening method is:
(4.1) by obtaining three-dimensional model arch of foot length and the nut bone height of sufficient bone, and calculate nut bone index, according to the nut bone index of normal person, calculate obtain nut bone should on the height lifted, obtain further arch of foot should on the height lifted, thus calculate and obtain degree of raising on the corresponding curved surface of shoe-pad.
5. the method for making of 3D orthopedic insoles according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described nut bone should on the height lifted and arch of foot should on height that the height lifted and the corresponding curved surface of described shoe-pad are lifted equal.
6. the method for making of 3D orthopedic insoles according to claim 1, is characterized in that: any one in the described employing of 3D printer nylon, EVA plastic material, isocyanurate foam, thermoplastic elastomer and ABS plastic is as raw material.
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