CN104698493B - A kind of method for calculating abnormal formation pressure - Google Patents
A kind of method for calculating abnormal formation pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN104698493B CN104698493B CN201310660074.3A CN201310660074A CN104698493B CN 104698493 B CN104698493 B CN 104698493B CN 201310660074 A CN201310660074 A CN 201310660074A CN 104698493 B CN104698493 B CN 104698493B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of calculating shale gas abnormal formation pressure method, the method includes：Young's modulus is acquired by p-and s-wave velocity and petrophysics property；Strain calculation obtains effective stress as suffered by the Young's modulus and rock matrix；According to effective stress, abnormal formation pressure section is determined.Method provided by the invention, not only improve the precision of shale gas prediction of formation pressure, eliminate influence of the gassiness to formation velocity in shale formation, and the high-precision model between formation velocity and effective stress is established, it develops and the strata pressure in shale gas is predicted by the relationship between p-and s-wave velocity in Young's modulus and stratum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of physical geography, espespecially a kind of side that strata pressure is calculated using geophysical techniques
Method.
Background technology
Since nineteen sixty-eight Pennebaker publishes an article discussion using forecast for seismic data abnormal pressure, earth object has been utilized
The precision that reason technology carries out pressure prediction is stepping up.But overpressured zones only are detected using velocity of longitudinal wave at present, sometimes
There is mistake.Because the reduction of velocity of longitudinal wave is not uniquely as caused by overpressured zones, the velocity of longitudinal wave of gas-bearing layer also can be very
Low.Therefore, in the calculating of the gas-bearing formations pressure such as shale gas, it is gassiness that cannot distinguish low velocity layer (LVL) just with velocity of longitudinal wave
Layer or overpressured zones.
Therefore, currently there is an urgent need for a kind of method of new calculating abnormal formation pressure, to improve the gas-bearing reservoirs such as shale gas
The precision of middle prediction of formation pressure eliminates influence of the gassiness to formation velocity in stratum, establish formation velocity and effective stress it
Between high-precision model.
Invention content
In order to achieve the above object, present invention offer is a kind of is pushed away by moving equation from the definition combination ripple of Young's modulus
The relationship between effective stress and p-and s-wave velocity has been led, has developed Young's modulus method to calculate the method for strata pressure.And have
Body method is as follows：
The present invention provides a kind of method for calculating abnormal formation pressure, the method includes：
Young's modulus is acquired by p-and s-wave velocity and petrophysics property；
Strain calculation obtains effective stress as suffered by the Young's modulus and rock matrix；
According to effective stress, abnormal formation pressure section is determined.
A kind of method of calculating abnormal formation pressure of the present invention further includes：It is described to pass through p-and s-wave velocity and rock
Stone physical features acquire Young's modulus and further include：
Relationship below is obtained according to the relationship between petrophysics property and Young's modulus, p-and s-wave velocity：
Wherein：E represents Young's modulus；ρ、VpAnd VsThe close of rock matrix is represented respectively
Degree, velocity of longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity.
A kind of method of calculating abnormal formation pressure of the present invention further includes：It is described by the Young's modulus and rock
Strain calculation suffered by stone skeleton obtains effective stress and further includes：
By strain calculation suffered by the Young's modulus and rock matrix, relationship below can be obtained：
Wherein Δ H/H be unit thickness reduction, represent rock matrix by
The strain that effective stress generates；σ E are the effective stress acquired using Young's modulus calculating；ρ、VpAnd VsRock matrix is represented respectively
Density, velocity of longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity.
A kind of method of calculating abnormal formation pressure of the present invention further includes：It is described according to effective stress, determine
Abnormal formation pressure section includes：
Strata pressure is acquired according to effective stress, and passes through the ratio of strata pressure and hydrostatic pressure with determining abnormal pressure
Interval.
A kind of method of calculating abnormal formation pressure of the present invention further includes：The p-and s-wave velocity includes：
The more attribution inversion method integrated forecasting P- and S-wave velocities constrained with the inverting of poststack wave resistance and trace integral.
A kind of method of calculating abnormal formation pressure of the present invention further includes：It is described to pass through strata pressure and hydrostatic
The ratio of pressure determines that abnormal formation pressure section further includes：
According to the definition of hydrostatic pressure, pass through relationship below：Pw=gρwh/103, wherein PwRepresent hydrostatic pressure, unit
For MPa；G represents acceleration of gravity, dimensionless；ρwRepresent the relative density of water flooding, unit g/cm3；H represents water-column,
Unit is m, acquires hydrostatic pressing force value, and the hydrostatic pressure is made comparisons with strata pressure, and abnormal pressure is determined according to its fiducial value
Power stratomere.
A kind of method of calculating abnormal formation pressure of the present invention further includes：It is described to use the inverting of poststack wave resistance also
Including：
Test data is obtained, the test data includes：Ingrated seismic trace, layer position explanation results and lithological information；According to
The test data of acquisition determines impedance initial value model；
Seismic channel estimated result and actual seismic road are compared, obtain residual error value；
Using impedance initial value model inversion, correlativity, the rear wave impedance inversion of realization are acquired；
According to the test data of acquisition, region velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density and poststack wave impedance are established respectively
Poststack wave resistance antibody is respectively converted into velocity of longitudinal wave body, shear wave velocity body and density body by fit correlation formula.
A kind of method of calculating abnormal formation pressure of the present invention further includes：More attributes of the trace integral constraint
Inverting concrete mode further includes：
Seismic data is obtained, carries out trace integral inverting；
Using the inversion result as constraints, more attribution inversions of velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density are carried out.
The advantageous effects of the present invention are：By method provided by the invention, the essence of prediction of formation pressure is improved
Degree, by eliminating influence of the gassiness to formation velocity in stratum, and then establishes high-precision between formation velocity and effective stress
Model is spent, develops Young's modulus method to predict strata pressure.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram for calculating abnormal formation pressure；
Fig. 2 calculates reservoir pressure coefficient and DC index cross plots for Fillipone methods；
Fig. 3 calculates reservoir pressure coefficient and DC index cross plots for Young's modulus method.
Specific embodiment
Purpose, technical scheme and advantage to make the embodiment of the present invention are clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
Part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
All other embodiments obtained without making creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method for calculating abnormal formation pressure, the present invention is carried out below in conjunction with attached drawing detailed
It describes in detail bright.
Fig. 1 is a kind of method for calculating abnormal formation pressure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the meter
The method for calculating abnormal formation pressure includes the following steps：
S101 acquires Young's modulus by p-and s-wave velocity and petrophysics property；Specifically in embodiments of the present invention, poplar
Family name's modulus refers to rock matrix in regime of elastic deformation, acts on the longitudinal stress on rock matrix and the ratio of longitudinal strain
Constant.Also stress suffered by often referring to rock matrix such as stretches, compresses, being bent, distorting, shear the strain that is generated with rock matrix it
Than.
The expression formula of its Young's modulus can be by：It expresses, in formula：E represents Young's modulus；σ E represent rock bone
Stress suffered by frame；E represents the strain that rock matrix generates.
Then according to the relationship between p-and s-wave velocity in the definition of Young's modulus and stratum, effective stress can be obtained.
S102, strain calculation obtains effective stress as suffered by the Young's modulus and rock matrix；Specifically upper
It states in embodiment, according to petrophysics property, has relationship below between p-and s-wave velocity in Young's modulus and stratum：In formula：E represents Young's modulus；ρ, Vp and Vs represent the density of rock matrix, longitudinal wave respectively
Speed and shear wave velocity.And by the expression formula of Young's modulus, it is combined with above-mentioned relation formula, following relationship can be derived with this
Formula：
In formula：Δ H/H is unit thickness reduction, represents rock matrix
It is strained by effective stress generation.
S103 according to effective stress, determines abnormal formation pressure section.
The higher effective stress of the accuracy of acquisition is brought into effective stress theorem, strata pressure is acquired, and lead to this
The ratio for crossing strata pressure and hydrostatic pressure determines abnormal formation pressure section.
In the above-described embodiments, step S103 further includes hydrostatic pressure acquisition or evaluation technique, wherein hydrostatic pressure refer to
Water column pressure under the open system connected with rock surface and earth's surface.It often has the following properties that (Dahlberg, 1994)：1. it presses
Force value increases with depth；2. pressure change rate only depends on the variable density of water；3. representative pressure increases the side of maximum rate
To vector always perpendicular to the ground；4. the shape of the relationship and fluid container of pressure and depth is completely irrelevant.The meter of hydrostatic pressure
Calculating formula is：
Pw=gρwh/103
In formula：PwRepresent hydrostatic pressure, unit MPa；G represents acceleration of gravity, dimensionless；ρwRepresent the phase of water flooding
To density, unit g/cm3；H represents water-column, unit m.
In embodiments of the present invention, longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity are by poststack wave impedance inversion and trace integral constraint in stratum
More attribution inversions the methods of carry out integrated forecasting because, seismic data inversion technique be exactly make full use of well logging, drilling well,
Abundant construction that geologic information provides, layer position, the information such as lithology derive the wave resistance of subsurface formations from conventional seismic profile
The information such as anti-, density, speed, porosity, permeability, Sandstone Percentage, pressure.Therefore, the present invention is being carried by the method
The precision that abnormal stratomere is also improved except the precision of high longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity determines.
(1) the concrete mode of poststack wave impedance inversion
Ingrated seismic trace, layer position explanation results and lithology letter that the data such as earthquake, well logging and geology obtain should be integrated first
Breath, determines an impedance initial value model.This initial model is layer position, tomography and the lithological information of applied geology knowledge interpretation
It feeds back in inverting.
The estimated result of seismic channel compared with actual seismic road, residual error value is obtained.Using this error, by with
Machine algorithm（Or non-linear global optimization's method such as simulated annealing, neural network, genetic algorithm）, in noise and model covariance
Estimated value must constrain down, iterative modifications model, until obtaining an acceptable remainder error.Final control inverting
The stability and resolution ratio of journey, and then handle out the wave impedance section of high quality.
It is fitted using wave impedance inversion result use of logging well, geostatistics（Ke Lijin, synergism Kriging method）Method asks for phase
Pass relationship realizes poststack wave impedance inversion.At present, have many business softwares that can complete poststack wave impedance inversion, as Strat,
Jason, Geoscope etc..
Establish the fit correlation of region velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density and poststack wave impedance respectively using well-log information
Then poststack wave resistance antibody is respectively converted into velocity of longitudinal wave body, shear wave velocity body and density body by formula.
(2) more attribution inversion concrete modes of trace integral constraint
Trace integral inverting first is carried out to seismic data.Trace integration technique is the mid-80 to be proposed by Takeshi et al.,
Be mainly used for a kind of trace inversion technology of lithologic interpretation, have many business softwares that can complete at present, as Strat,
Jason, Geoscope etc..
Emerge modules progress longitudinal wave speed is utilized in Strat softwares as constraints using the body of trace integral inverting
More attribution inversions of degree, shear wave velocity and density.EMERGE establishes log data and earthquake number at well point by intersecting analysis
According to relational expression, then using this relationship of neural network learning and then no well area is promoted the use of, by analyzing earthquake category
Property, using the relationship of study, this relationship is applied in space.
In embodiments of the present invention, determine that calculating shale gas abnormal formation pressure section has by Young's modulus and bulk modulus
Body method is as follows：
（1）Overburden pressure is calculated using density log curve
The data of each sedimentary basin in the whole world shows that overburden pressure is proportional with buried depth, and linear correlation is extremely strong,
In fact, overburden pressure is exactly superstratum averag density and the product of formation depth, i.e.,
Pov=gρh/103
In formula：PovRepresent overburden pressure, unit MPa；G represents acceleration of gravity, dimensionless；ρ is with representing overlying
Layer averag density, unit g/cm3；H represents formation depth, unit m.
（2）Normal compaction trend line, which is established, using drilling datas such as DC indexes determines unit thickness decrement
" DC " index layering section is utilized to establish normal compaction trend line, main purpose is to avoid big plane of unconformity to normal
The influence of compaction trend line.With reference to " DC " index with the changing rule of depth, compacting factor is calculated by least square method.
The small square law refers to that there is a variety of different relationships, porosity, layer speed between variable and variable
There are unary linear relations between compacting parameters and well depth for degree, DC indexes, Sigma indexes etc., are formulated as follows：y=a+bH
In formula：Y represents compacting parameter, including（Porosity, interval velocity, DC indexes etc.）, H expression well depths, a and b are region parameter, wherein
B is similar to unit thickness decrement.It can be obtained by least square method：b=Lxy/Lxx、a=HIt is average-b·yIt is averageIn formula, Lxx=∑
(Hi-HIt is average)2、Lxy=∑(Hi-HIt is average)(yi-yIt is average)2、HIt is average=(∑(Hi))n、yIt is average=(∑(yi))n、i=1,2,3,…,n。
（3）Formation velocity is asked for
Method one:Wave resistance antibody is acquired using well data constraint poststack Optimum Impedance Inversion Method, is then intended according to well data
The relationship between Wave Impedance Data Volume and velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density is closed, acquires velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and close
Degree.Method two:Velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density are calculated using more attribution inversions of trace integral constraint.
Two methods of the p-and s-wave velocity and density that integrated application are calculated improve the precision of formation velocity prediction.
（4）Abnormal pressure calculates
The velocity of longitudinal wave being calculated, shear wave velocity, density and unit thickness decrement are substituted into the formula of bulk modulus
Middle calculating effective stress, then acquires strata pressure according to effective stress theorem, and passes through strata pressure and the ratio of hydrostatic pressure
Value determines abnormal formation pressure section.
Through practice, the distinct methods such as Fillipone methods, bulk modulus method are utilized respectively in the Sichuan Basin and calculate Silurian
Strata pressure in shale formation, and using the result of drilling well DC indexes fitting is intersected with the pressure coefficient that distinct methods calculate.
From the point of view of the result of fitting, the fitting coefficient highest of bulk modulus method.
Attached drawing Fig. 2-Fig. 3 is please referred to, respectively Fillipone methods calculate reservoir pressure coefficient and DC indexes cross plot, body
Product module amount method calculates reservoir pressure coefficient and DC index cross plots.It is not difficult to find out the fitting coefficient highest of bulk modulus method, therefore
It is more accurate can be apparent from the abnormal formation pressure section determined by bulk modulus method.
Above-described specific embodiment has carried out the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect further
It is described in detail, it should be understood that the foregoing is merely the specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention
Protection domain, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. calculating shale gas abnormal formation pressure method, which is characterized in that the method includes：The more attribution inversion method integrated forecasting P- and S-wave velocities constrained with the inverting of poststack wave resistance and trace integral；It is described to be further included with poststack wave resistance inverting：Test data is obtained, the test data includes：Ingrated seismic trace, layer position Explanation results and lithological information；Impedance initial value model is determined according to the test data of acquisition；Seismic channel estimated result and actual seismic road are compared, obtain residual error value；Using impedance initial value model inversion, correlativity, the rear wave impedance inversion of realization are acquired；According to the test data of acquisition, the fitting of region velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density and poststack wave impedance is established respectively Poststack wave resistance antibody is respectively converted into velocity of longitudinal wave body, shear wave velocity body and density body by relational expression；Young's modulus is acquired by p-and s-wave velocity and petrophysics property；Strain calculation obtains effective stress as suffered by the Young's modulus and rock matrix；Strata pressure is acquired according to effective stress, and the ratio for passing through strata pressure and hydrostatic pressure determines abnormal formation pressure Section；It is described Young's modulus is acquired with petrophysics property by p-and s-wave velocity to further include：Relationship below is obtained according to the relationship between petrophysics property and Young's modulus, p-and s-wave velocity：Wherein：E represents Young's modulus；ρ、VpAnd VsThe density of rock matrix is represented respectively, is indulged Wave velocity and shear wave velocity；The strain calculation as suffered by the Young's modulus with rock matrix obtains effective stress and further includes：By strain calculation suffered by the Young's modulus and rock matrix, relationship below can be obtained：Wherein Δ H/H is unit thickness reduction, represents rock matrix by effective The strain that stress generates；σEFor the effective stress acquired using Young's modulus calculating；ρ、VpAnd VsThe close of rock matrix is represented respectively Degree, velocity of longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity；The ratio by strata pressure and hydrostatic pressure determines that abnormal formation pressure section further includes：According to the definition of hydrostatic pressure, pass through relationship below：Pw=g ρwh/103, wherein PwRepresent hydrostatic pressure, unit is MPa；G represents acceleration of gravity, dimensionless；ρwRepresent the relative density of water flooding, unit g/cm3；H represents water-column, single Position is m, acquires hydrostatic pressing force value, the hydrostatic pressure is made comparisons with strata pressure, abnormal pressure is determined according to its fiducial value Stratomere；More attribution inversion concrete modes of the trace integral constraint further include：Seismic data is obtained, carries out trace integral inverting；Using the inversion result as constraints, more attribution inversions of velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density are carried out.
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| CN106401574B (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2020-06-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for predicting formation pressure of high-temperature geothermal well before drilling |
| CN107957487A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The method and system that rock brittleness index obtains |
| CN110927790A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Inversion stratum pressure prediction method and system based on prestack elastic parameters |
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