CN104698493A - Abnormal formation pressure calculation method - Google Patents
Abnormal formation pressure calculation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104698493A CN104698493A CN201310660074.3A CN201310660074A CN104698493A CN 104698493 A CN104698493 A CN 104698493A CN 201310660074 A CN201310660074 A CN 201310660074A CN 104698493 A CN104698493 A CN 104698493A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an abnormal formation pressure calculation method. The method includes: acquiring Young modulus through longitudinal and transverse wave velocity and petrophysical characteristics; calculating to acquire effective stress through the Young modulus and strain borne by a rock skeleton; according to the effective stress, determining abnormal formation pressure sections. With the method, precision in predicting shale gas formation pressure is improved, influence of containing gas in shale formation on formation velocity is eliminated, a high-precision model is established between the formation velocity and the effective stress, and relation between the Young modulus and the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity in the formation is developed to predict the formation pressure in shale gas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of physical geography, espespecially a kind of method utilizing geophysical techniques to calculate reservoir pressure.
Background technology
Published an article since discussion utilizes forecast for seismic data abnormal pressure from nineteen sixty-eight Pennebaker, the precision utilizing geophysical techniques to carry out pressure prediction is progressively improving.But only apply velocity of longitudinal wave at present and detect overpressured zones, occur mistake sometimes.Because the reduction of velocity of longitudinal wave is not uniquely caused by overpressured zones, the velocity of longitudinal wave of gas-bearing horizon also can be very low.Therefore, in the calculating of the gas-bearing formation pressure such as shale gas, only utilizing velocity of longitudinal wave can not distinguish low velocity layer (LVL) is gas-bearing horizon or overpressured zones.
Therefore, the current a kind of method needing calculating geopressure newly badly, in order to improve the precision of prediction of formation pressure in the gas-bearing reservoirs such as shale gas, eliminate the impact of gassiness formation speed in stratum, set up the high-precision model between formation velocity and effective stress.
Summary of the invention
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of by having derived the relation between effective stress and p-and s-wave velocity in conjunction with wave equation from the definition of Young modulus, developing Young modulus method to calculate the method for reservoir pressure.And concrete grammar is as follows:
The invention provides a kind of method calculating geopressure, described method comprises:
Young modulus is tried to achieve by p-and s-wave velocity and petrophysics property;
Suffered by described Young modulus and rock skeleton, strain calculation obtains effective stress;
According to effective stress, determine abnormal formation pressure section.
A kind of method calculating geopressure of the present invention further comprises: describedly try to achieve Young modulus by p-and s-wave velocity and petrophysics property and also comprise:
Following relational expression is obtained according to the relation between petrophysics property and Young modulus, p-and s-wave velocity:
wherein: E represents Young modulus; ρ, V
pand V
srepresent the density of rock skeleton, velocity of longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity respectively.
A kind of method calculating geopressure of the present invention further comprises: described suffered by described Young modulus and rock skeleton strain calculation obtain effective stress and also comprise:
By strain calculation suffered by described Young modulus and rock skeleton, following relational expression can be obtained:
wherein Δ H/H is unit thickness reduction, represents the strain that rock skeleton produces by effective stress; σ E utilizes Young modulus to calculate the effective stress of trying to achieve; ρ, V
pand V
srepresent the density of rock skeleton, velocity of longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity respectively.
A kind of method calculating geopressure of the present invention further comprises: described according to effective stress, determines that abnormal formation pressure section comprises:
Reservoir pressure is tried to achieve according to effective stress, and by the ratio determination abnormal formation pressure section of reservoir pressure and hydrostatic force.
A kind of method calculating geopressure of the present invention further comprises: described p-and s-wave velocity comprises:
Use many attribution inversions method integrated forecasting P-and S-wave velocity of poststack wave resistance inverting and trace integral constraint.
A kind of method calculating geopressure of the present invention further comprises: the described ratio determination abnormal formation pressure section by reservoir pressure and hydrostatic force also comprises:
According to the definition of hydrostatic force, by following relational expression: P
w=g ρ
wh/10
3, wherein P
wrepresent hydrostatic force, unit is MPa; G represents acceleration of gravity, dimensionless; ρ
wrepresent the relative density of local water, unit is g/cm
3; H represents water colunm height, and unit is m, tries to achieve hydrostatic pressing force value, described hydrostatic force and reservoir pressure is made comparisons, according to its fiducial value determination abnormal formation pressure section.
A kind of method calculating geopressure of the present invention further comprises: the inverting of described utilization poststack wave resistance also comprises:
Obtain test data, described test data comprises: ingrated seismic trace, layer position explanation results and lithological information; According to the test data determination impedance initial value model obtained;
Seismic trace estimated result and actual seismic road are compared, obtains residual error value;
Utilize impedance initial value model inversion, try to achieve correlationship, the rear wave impedance inversion of realization;
According to the test data obtained, set up the fit correlation formula of region velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density and poststack wave impedance respectively, poststack wave resistance antibody is converted to velocity of longitudinal wave body, shear wave velocity body and density body respectively.
A kind of method calculating geopressure of the present invention further comprises: the concrete mode of many attribution inversions of described trace integral constraint also comprises:
Obtain geological data, carry out trace integral inverting;
Using described inversion result as constraint condition, carry out many attribution inversions of velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density.
Advantageous Effects of the present invention is: by method provided by the invention, improve the precision of prediction of formation pressure, by eliminating the impact of gassiness formation speed in stratum, and then the high-precision model established between formation velocity and effective stress, develop Young modulus method and carry out predict geopressure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram calculating geopressure;
Fig. 2 is that Fillipone method calculates reservoir pressure coefficient and DC index X plot;
Fig. 3 is that Young modulus method calculates reservoir pressure coefficient and DC index X plot.
Embodiment
For making the object of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method calculating geopressure, and below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is a kind of method calculating geopressure that the embodiment of the present invention provides, and as shown in Figure 1, the method for described calculating geopressure comprises the following steps:
S101, tries to achieve Young modulus by p-and s-wave velocity and petrophysics property; Concrete Young modulus refers to that rock skeleton is in regime of elastic deformation in embodiments of the present invention, acts on the proportionality constant of meridional stress on rock skeleton and longitudinal strain.Also often refer to stress suffered by rock skeleton as stretched, the ratio of strain that produces with rock skeleton of compression, bending, distortion, shearing etc.
The expression formula of its Young modulus can be by:
express, in formula: E represents Young modulus; σ E represents stress suffered by rock skeleton; E represents the strain that rock skeleton produces.
Then according to the relation in the definition of Young modulus and stratum between p-and s-wave velocity, effective stress can be obtained.
S102, suffered by described Young modulus and rock skeleton, strain calculation obtains effective stress; Concrete in the above-described embodiments, according to petrophysics property, in Young modulus and stratum, between p-and s-wave velocity, have following relational expression:
in formula: E represents Young modulus; ρ, Vp and Vs represent the density of rock skeleton, velocity of longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity respectively.And, by the expression formula of Young modulus, combine with above-mentioned relation formula, following relational expression can be derived with this:
in formula: Δ H/H is unit thickness reduction, represent the strain that rock skeleton produces by effective stress.
S103, according to effective stress, determines abnormal formation pressure section.
Effective stress higher for the degree of accuracy of acquisition is brought in effective stress theorem, tries to achieve reservoir pressure with this, and by the ratio determination abnormal formation pressure section of reservoir pressure and hydrostatic force.
In the above-described embodiments, step S103 also comprises hydrostatic force and obtains or evaluation technique, and wherein hydrostatic force refers to and the water column pressure under the open system that rock surface and earth's surface are communicated with.Often there is following character (Dahlberg, 1994): 1. force value increases with the degree of depth; 2. pressure change rate only depends on the variable density of water; 3. representative pressure increases the direction vector always vertical ground of maximum rate; 4. the relation of pressure and the degree of depth and the shape of fluid container completely irrelevant.The computing formula of hydrostatic force is:
P
w=gρ
wh/10
3
In formula: P
wrepresent hydrostatic force, unit is MPa; G represents acceleration of gravity, dimensionless; ρ
wrepresent the relative density of local water, unit is g/cm
3; H represents water colunm height, and unit is m.
In embodiments of the present invention, in stratum, compressional wave and shear wave velocity are that the methods such as the many attribution inversions retrained by poststack wave impedance inversion and trace integral carry out integrated forecasting, because, seismic data inversion technique be exactly make full use of well logging, the abundant information such as structure, layer position, lithology that drilling well, geologic information provide, derive the information such as wave impedance, density, speed, factor of porosity, permeability, Sandstone Percentage, pressure of subsurface formations from the seismic section of routine.Therefore, the precision that the present invention also improves interval singularly by the method outside the precision improving compressional wave and shear wave velocity is determined.
(1) the concrete mode of poststack wave impedance inversion
First should comprehensively earthquake, the data such as well logging and the geology ingrated seismic trace, layer position explanation results and the lithological information that obtain, determine an impedance initial value model.This initial model feeds back to the layer position of applied geology knowledge interpretation, tomography and lithological information in inverting and goes.
The estimated result of seismic trace compared with actual seismic road, obtain residual error value.Utilize this error, by random algorithm (or the non-linear global optimization method such as simulated annealing, neural network, genetic algorithm), under noise and model covariance estimated value must retrain, iterative modifications model, until obtain an acceptable remainder error.The stability of final control refutation process and resolution, and then process out high-quality wave impedance section.
The employing of utilization well logging wave impedance inversion result fits, geostatistics (Ke Lijin, synergism Kriging method) method asks for correlationship, realizes poststack wave impedance inversion.At present, a lot of business software is had can to complete poststack wave impedance inversion, as Strat, Jason, Geoscope etc.
Utilize well-log information to set up the fit correlation formula of region velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density and poststack wave impedance respectively, then poststack wave resistance antibody is converted to velocity of longitudinal wave body, shear wave velocity body and density body respectively.
(2) the concrete mode of many attribution inversions of trace integral constraint
First trace integral inverting is carried out to geological data.Trace integration technique is that the mid-80 proposes, is mainly used in a kind of trace inversion technology of lithologic interpretation by people such as Takeshi, has a lot of business software to complete at present, as Strat, Jason, Geoscope etc.
The body of trace integral inverting is utilized in Strat software, to utilize Emerge module to carry out many attribution inversions of velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density as constraint condition.EMERGE sets up the relational expression of log data and geological data at well point place by intersection analysis, then utilize this relation of neural network learning and then promote the use of without well area, by analyzing seismic properties, utilize the relation of study, by this relational application in space.
In embodiments of the present invention, determine to calculate shale gas abnormal formation pressure section concrete grammar by Young modulus and bulk modulus as follows:
(1) density logging opisometer is utilized to calculate overburden pressure
The data of each sedimentary basin in the whole world all shows, overburden pressure and buried depth proportional, linear correlation is extremely strong, and in fact, overburden pressure is exactly the product of overlying strata average density and formation depth, namely
P
ov=gρh/10
3
In formula: P
ovrepresent overburden pressure, unit is MPa; G represents acceleration of gravity, dimensionless; ρ represents overlying strata average density, and unit is g/cm
3; H represents formation depth, and unit is m.
(2) drilling datas such as DC index are utilized to set up normal compaction trend line determination unit thickness decrement
Utilize " DC " index to divide interval to set up normal compaction trend line, fundamental purpose avoids large unconformity surface on the impact of normal compaction trend line.With the Changing Pattern of the degree of depth, compaction coefficient is calculated by least square method in conjunction with " DC " index.
Described little square law refers between variable from variable and there is various different relation, unary linear relation is there is in its porosity, interval velocity, DC index, Sigma index etc. between compacting parameter and well depth, be formulated as follows: in y=a+bH formula: y represents compacting parameter, comprise (factor of porosity, interval velocity, DC index etc.), H represents well depth, a and b is region parameter, and wherein b is similar to unit thickness decrement.Can be drawn by least square method: b=L
xy/ L
xx, a=H
on average-by
on averagein formula, L
xx=∑ (H
i-H
on average)
2, L
xy=∑ (H
i-H
on average) (y
i-y
on average)
2, H
on average=(∑ (H
i)) n, y
on average=(∑ (y
i)) n, i=1,2,3 ..., n.
(3) the asking for of formation velocity
Method one: utilize well data to retrain poststack Optimum Impedance Inversion Method and try to achieve wave resistance antibody, then according to well data matching Wave Impedance Data Volume and velocity of longitudinal wave, relation between shear wave velocity and density, tries to achieve velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density.Method two: the many attribution inversions utilizing trace integral to retrain calculate velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density.
The p-and s-wave velocity that integrated application two kinds of methods calculate and density, improve the precision of formation velocity prediction.
(4) abnormal pressure calculates
The velocity of longitudinal wave calculated, shear wave velocity, density and unit thickness decrement are substituted in the formula of bulk modulus and calculate effective stress, then reservoir pressure is tried to achieve according to effective stress theorem, and by the ratio determination abnormal formation pressure section of reservoir pressure and hydrostatic force.
Through practice, the distinct methods such as Fillipone method, bulk modulus method is utilized to calculate reservoir pressure in Silurian shale formation respectively in the Sichuan Basin, and the pressure coefficient intersection matching utilizing the result of drilling well DC index and distinct methods to calculate.From the result of matching, the fitting coefficient of bulk modulus method is the highest.
Please refer to accompanying drawing Fig. 2-Fig. 3, be respectively Fillipone method and calculate reservoir pressure coefficient and DC index X plot, bulk modulus method and calculate reservoir pressure coefficient and DC index X plot.Be not difficult to find out that the fitting coefficient of bulk modulus method is the highest, therefore obviously can show that the abnormal formation pressure section determined by bulk modulus method is more accurate.
Above-described embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; the protection domain be not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. calculate a shale gas geopressure method, it is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Young modulus is tried to achieve by p-and s-wave velocity and petrophysics property;
Suffered by described Young modulus and rock skeleton, strain calculation obtains effective stress;
According to effective stress, determine abnormal formation pressure section.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly tries to achieve Young modulus by p-and s-wave velocity and petrophysics property and also comprises:
Following relational expression is obtained according to the relation between petrophysics property and Young modulus, p-and s-wave velocity:
wherein: E represents Young modulus; ρ, V
pand V
srepresent the density of rock skeleton, velocity of longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity respectively.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described suffered by described Young modulus and rock skeleton strain calculation obtain effective stress and also comprise:
By strain calculation suffered by described Young modulus and rock skeleton, following relational expression can be obtained:
wherein Δ H/H is unit thickness reduction, represents the strain that rock skeleton produces by effective stress; σ E utilizes Young modulus to calculate the effective stress of trying to achieve; ρ, V
pand V
srepresent the density of rock skeleton, velocity of longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity respectively.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described according to effective stress, determines that abnormal formation pressure section comprises:
Reservoir pressure is tried to achieve according to effective stress, and by the ratio determination abnormal formation pressure section of reservoir pressure and hydrostatic force.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the described ratio determination abnormal formation pressure section by reservoir pressure and hydrostatic force also comprises:
According to the definition of hydrostatic force, by following relational expression: P
w=g ρ
wh/10
3, wherein P
wrepresent hydrostatic force, unit is MPa; G represents acceleration of gravity, dimensionless; ρ w represents the relative density of local water, and unit is g/cm
3; H represents water colunm height, and unit is m, tries to achieve hydrostatic pressing force value, described hydrostatic force and reservoir pressure is made comparisons, according to its fiducial value determination abnormal formation pressure section.
6. the method according to claim 1-3, is characterized in that, described p-and s-wave velocity comprises:
Use many attribution inversions method integrated forecasting P-and S-wave velocity of poststack wave resistance inverting and trace integral constraint.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the inverting of described utilization poststack wave resistance also comprises:
Obtain test data, described test data comprises: ingrated seismic trace, layer position explanation results and lithological information; According to the test data determination impedance initial value model obtained;
Seismic trace estimated result and actual seismic road are compared, obtains residual error value;
Utilize impedance initial value model inversion, try to achieve correlationship, the rear wave impedance inversion of realization;
According to the test data obtained, set up the fit correlation formula of region velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density and poststack wave impedance respectively, poststack wave resistance antibody is converted to velocity of longitudinal wave body, shear wave velocity body and density body respectively.
8. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the concrete mode of many attribution inversions of described trace integral constraint also comprises:
Obtain geological data, carry out trace integral inverting;
Using described inversion result as constraint condition, carry out many attribution inversions of velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density.
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