CN1046832A - 判断树龄的新方法 - Google Patents

判断树龄的新方法 Download PDF

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CN1046832A
CN1046832A CN 90103136 CN90103136A CN1046832A CN 1046832 A CN1046832 A CN 1046832A CN 90103136 CN90103136 CN 90103136 CN 90103136 A CN90103136 A CN 90103136A CN 1046832 A CN1046832 A CN 1046832A
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age
tree
new method
judging
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CN1013544B (zh
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赵中振
唐晓军
胡梅
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Traditional Chinese Medicine Inst China Academy Of Traditional Chinese Medicin
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Traditional Chinese Medicine Inst China Academy Of Traditional Chinese Medicin
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用树皮判断树龄的新方法。取树皮一小块在显微镜下通过对“树皮年轮”的观察,可以达到鉴别树龄的目的。其特点在于简便,易行,无害树体。对于外皮不易剥落,“树皮年轮”明显的树种最为适用。

Description

本发明涉及一种用树皮鉴定树龄的新方法,特别是对某些“树皮年龄”明显、外皮不易剥落的树种最宜适用。
树木年龄的判断是林业生产及生药研究中经常遇到的问题,在林业方面可根据树龄进行有计划的采伐、在生药质量控制方面,可根据树龄研究植物体中有效成分含量的变化规律,指导药材的生产与质量检测。以往国内外判断树龄的方法多以树干基部的年轮为依据。通常是将树木横断或用生长锥,从树干钻取试样材,计数木质部年轮。以上方法既伤害树木又费时费力。放射性同位素测定树龄以百年为计量单位,误差至少数十年,且由于条件限制不便推广。有些树种的枝龄可根据叶痕形成的“年节”判断,但仅适用于幼枝。总之,迄今国内外尚无迅速、简便且无碍树木生长的确定树龄的方法。
本发明的目的是要提供一种判断树龄的新方法,它既不伤害树木又判断准确且简便易行。
本发明是通过在显微镜下观察“树皮年轮”来判断树龄的。其具体做法是,取树皮一小块,视树皮质地情况用水或甘油和水等进行软化,软化后视情况采用手工切片、滑走切片或冰冻切片法制片,切片可视情况制成10~30微米厚,制好的切片用I.IK溶液(碘0.5g与碘化钾1.0g加水20ml溶解即得)染色后备用。前处理完成后,将切片于显微镜下观察“树皮年轮”,即由韧皮纤维束构成环带的层数。由此达到鉴定树龄的目的。本法已经过百余种植物反复实验得以证实。本发明方法特别适用于木兰科(木莲属、含笑属、木兰属、八角属)、秦皮、丁香、核桃、合欢、银合欢、黄柏、花椒、楝树、杨树、臭椿、栾树等树种。
本发明的特征在于取一小块树皮,软化后手工切制成10~30微米厚的薄片,用I.IK溶液(碘0.5g与碘化钾1.0g加水20ml溶解即得)染色10~30分钟后,在显微镜下观察韧皮纤维束构成的环带层数即“树皮年轮”(树皮年轮等于树龄)。
本发明的另一个特征是树皮最好取材于树干基部背阴面处;树皮的大小以0.5X1.0厘米~1.0X2.0厘米为宜;软化树皮可在常温下用水浸泡树皮1~2周,或在沸水中煮10~30分钟。也可用甘油与水(以1∶1或2∶1比例混溶)浸泡树皮1~2周;制片也可用滑走切片或冰冻切片法。
研究表明运用本发明能非常清晰、非常准确地观察“树皮年轮”,从而准确地判断树龄。此外,本发明不但判断树龄精确,而且无害树体、操作也十分简便。更可观的是,本发明为树龄的判断开创了一个新的途径,具有很高的学术价值和经济价值。
以下实例是对本发明的进一步说明。
实施例一:
取二乔玉兰(Magnolia    soulangeana)背阴面树皮一块(0.5X1.0厘米)树皮厚0.9厘米,沸水煮20分钟,手工切片(约20微米厚片)用I.IK溶液染色后于显微镜下观察,可见纤维束环带构成的“树皮年轮”与“木质部年轮”呈对应关系。
实施例2:
取望春玉兰(Magnolia    biondii)(该树木产于河南省南召县皇后乡天桥村,树高20多米,胸径1.38米,冠幅800多平方米,每年产辛夷花180多公斤,被誉为“辛夷王”)
取树干基部背阴面树皮一块(1.0X2.0厘米)皮厚约2.0厘米,甘油∶水(2∶1)中浸泡二周,手工切片后用I.IK溶液染色后,于显微镜下观察,纤维束环带组成的“树皮年轮”清析易辨,经计数该树树龄为88~92年经核实与史料相符。
实施例3:
取栾树(Koelreuteria    paniculata)树干基部完整树皮一块(0.5X1.0厘米)用甘油∶水(1∶1)浸泡一周后,冰冻切片制片,染色(I.IK)后于显微镜下观察,可见此时树皮内已产生新的木栓形成层,呈斜向交错相连,但分布于落皮层中的纤维束环带无明显变形,与分布于韧皮部中的纤维束环带之和,同木质部的年轮数相对应。

Claims (6)

1、一种判断树龄的新方法,其特征在于取一小块树皮,用水或甘油与水软化树皮,然后切制成10~30微米厚的薄片,用1.1K溶液染色后,在显微镜下观察韧皮纤维束构成的环带层数即树皮年龄。
2、如权利要求1所述,一种判断树龄的新方法其特征在于树皮最好取材于树干基部背阴面处;树皮的大小以0.5X1.0~1.0X2.0厘米为宜。
3、如权利要求1所述,一种判断树龄的新方法其特征是在常温下用水浸泡1~2周来软化树皮。
4、如权利要求1所述,一种判断树龄的新方法其特征在于用沸水煮10~30分钟软化树皮。
5、如权利要求1所述,一种判断树龄的新方法其特征在于用甘油与水(以1∶1或2∶1比例混溶)浸泡软化树皮。
6、如权利要求1所述,一种判断树龄的新方法其特征在于制片也可用滑走切片或冰冻切片法。
CN 90103136 1990-06-27 1990-06-27 判断树龄的方法 Expired CN1013544B (zh)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103279636A (zh) * 2013-04-10 2013-09-04 北京林业大学 一种树木年龄的测算技术
CN103940738A (zh) * 2013-01-17 2014-07-23 复旦大学 一种快速鉴别人参年龄的方法
CN103994906A (zh) * 2014-04-30 2014-08-20 河南科技大学 木材横截面逐年轮显微切片的制作方法
CN105738183A (zh) * 2016-02-29 2016-07-06 南通香佳纺织科技有限公司 一种检测沙漠植物梭梭年轮的方法

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103940738A (zh) * 2013-01-17 2014-07-23 复旦大学 一种快速鉴别人参年龄的方法
CN103940738B (zh) * 2013-01-17 2016-08-10 复旦大学 一种快速鉴别人参年龄的方法
CN103279636A (zh) * 2013-04-10 2013-09-04 北京林业大学 一种树木年龄的测算技术
CN103279636B (zh) * 2013-04-10 2016-03-02 北京林业大学 一种确定树木年龄的方法
CN103994906A (zh) * 2014-04-30 2014-08-20 河南科技大学 木材横截面逐年轮显微切片的制作方法
CN105738183A (zh) * 2016-02-29 2016-07-06 南通香佳纺织科技有限公司 一种检测沙漠植物梭梭年轮的方法

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