CN104682680A - Rectification and filtering method and circuit - Google Patents

Rectification and filtering method and circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104682680A
CN104682680A CN201510047823.4A CN201510047823A CN104682680A CN 104682680 A CN104682680 A CN 104682680A CN 201510047823 A CN201510047823 A CN 201510047823A CN 104682680 A CN104682680 A CN 104682680A
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voltage
resistance
electric capacity
circuit
input
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陈宁
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Mornsun Guangzhou Science and Technology Ltd
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Mornsun Guangzhou Science and Technology Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a rectification and filtering circuit, which comprises a bridge rectification part, a first switch, a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a voltage detection control circuit, wherein the first and second capacitors are connected in series; the voltage detection control circuit is used for detecting input voltage and controlling the first switch; the positive end of the first capacitor and the negative end of the second capacitor are positive and negative output terminals of the rectification and filtering circuit respectively; one end of an on/off contact of the first switch is connected with the series connection point of the first and second capacitors, and the other end of the on/off contact is connected with alternating current input end, and is also connected with the positive input end of the voltage detection control circuit; the negative end of the voltage detection control circuit is connected with the negative output terminal, the first output end of the voltage detection control circuit is connected to the control end of the first switch, and the power supply end of the voltage detection control circuit is connected with the anode of an auxiliary power supply; the voltage detection control circuit has a preset value, and is used for controlling the first switch to be turned on when input voltage is detected to be smaller than the preset value, and controlling the first switch to be turned off when the input voltage is detected to be more than the preset value. According to the rectification and filtering circuit, the filter capacity of wide-range input voltage in a low-voltage interval can be greatly reduced, the rectification and filtering circuit is low in implementation cost, and small space is occupied.

Description

A kind of rectifying and wave-filtering method and circuit
Technical field
The present invention relates to low power AC-DC Switching Power Supply, the rectifying and wave-filtering method of the AC-DC Switching Power Supply of particularly small-power Width funtion input and circuit.
Background technology
Industry and folk power supply generally adopt Alternating Current Power Supply, most AC electric equipment, such as motor in industry, adopt three-phase alternating current.And in daily life, use single-phase electricity, also referred to as power for illumination more.Shown in Fig. 1 is in time by the civilian single-phase alternating current of China that sinusoidal rule changes, and is called alternating sinusoidal voltage, and change the cycle that the once required time is called alternating voltage, represent with T, the said 220V of industry, refer to effective value, its peak value is times effective value, is:
220 V × 2 = 311.1 V Formula (1)
Worldwide, by the impact of the factors such as region, economy, technology, the single-phase mains voltage of various countries is also not quite similar, and such as, Japan is 100V/50Hz; The U.S., Canada are 120V/60Hz; China, Germany are 220V/50Hz.; Britain is 240V/50Hz.
And in fact, the electronic circuit in industrial and civilian all needs DC power supply to provide energy.Although useful chemical battery is as DC power supply in some cases, be in most cases that the alternating current utilizing electrical network to provide obtains galvanic through conversion, or even the direct current of isolation.
The size and Orientation of direct voltage (or electric current) does not change in time.As voltage represented by curve, be then the straight line parallel with horizontal time axis, but we are generally constant direction, but the size of voltage (or electric current) change to some extent in time also referred to as direct voltage (or electric current).
Along with national standard is to the further requirement of the power factor of electrical appliance, at present, to various electric equipment all power factor requirements of more than consumed power 75W, namely require that the operating current waveform fundamental sum voltage waveform of circuit is identical.The existing circuit of power factor correction that adopts addresses this problem at present, and circuit of power factor correction, referred to as pfc circuit, is the abbreviation of Power Factor Correction.
Note: 75W, data from CNS GB17625.1-1998, is called " Harmonic Current Limits (the every phase input current≤16A of equipment) that low-voltage electrical and electronic equipment send ".
And input power being less than to the various electric equipment of 75W, the rectification of its inside, filter circuit still adopt common rectification circuit to add the topology of filter circuit.
Fig. 2 shows halfwave rectifier filter circuit, U aCfor the sinusoidal voltage of input, diode D is rectifying tube, electric capacity C lfor the main body of filter circuit, resistance R lfor " load " of load circuit or equivalence, U lfor the direct voltage exported.When inputting for alternating current, because Fig. 2 circuit is only at U aCpositive half cycle work, so all in low-power circuit, in the rectification circuit as the Switching Power Supply of below 5W.In Fig. 2 circuit, diode D reversal connection, can be operated in U aCnegative half period.
Shown in Fig. 3 is exactly full-wave rectifier filter circuit, generally cannot be directly used in commercial power rectification, generally through the centre cap winding of transformer B1 secondary, will obtain two groups of voltage U that voltage is identical, phase place is contrary 1and U 2, just can use.Voltage U 1and U 2output dc voltage after diode Da and Db rectification, electric capacity C lfor the main body of filter circuit, resistance R lfor " load " of load circuit or equivalence, U lfor the direct voltage exported.
What Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-2, Fig. 4-3 illustrated is bridge rectifier, is full bridge rectifier again, and these three kinds of techniques of painting are all conventional, and their annexation is consistent, and Fig. 4-2 is the simple and easy technique of painting.If electric capacity C ldo not access, identical shown in its output waveform with Fig. 5-1, be Rectified alternating current; Electric capacity C lafter access, its output waveform, in Fig. 5-2 shown in solid line, is comparatively level and smooth Rectified alternating current.After circuit stable state, rectifier diode Da and rectifier diode Dc only conducting in t1 to the t2 time in Fig. 5-2 in Fig. 4-1 to Fig. 4-3; And rectifier diode Db and rectifier diode Dd only conducting in t3 to the t4 time in Fig. 5-2, to electric capacity C during diode current flow lcharging, At All Other Times by electric capacity C lto load R lelectric discharge, if think, direct voltage is level and smooth, electric capacity C lwill be very large, and electric capacity C lstrengthen, the ON time of t1 to t2 and t3 to t4 can be caused very short, charging current is very big, and circuit, also only at this time loss input current, causes grid voltage waveform distortion.The principle of this part also can with reference to " stabilized power supply " first edition in 1984 of People's Telecon Publishing House's publication, standard book number is: 15045 total 2790-are without 6260, the 35th page of Figure 24 3 of this book also fully illustrates this principle, 34th page the 3rd section illustrates: " for capacitor filtering full-wave rectification situation; according to Figure 24 3, reader can analyze voluntarily.This analysis is also applicable to bridge rectifier.”
Utilize the memory action of filter capacitor, the output voltage times over transformer secondary voltage can be obtained by multiple electric capacity and diode, be called voltage doubling rectifing circuit.Shown in Fig. 6 is a kind of two voltage doubling rectifying circuit, U aCfor the effective value of transformer secondary voltage.The principle of its work is summarized as follows: work as U aCduring positive half period, A point is "+", and B point is "-", makes diode D 1conducting, D 2cut-off; C 1charging, electric current is as shown by the solid line in the drawings; C 1on the polarity of voltage right side be "+", a left side is "-", and maximum can reach work as U aCduring negative half-cycle, A point is "-", and B point is "+", C 1on voltage be added with transformer secondary voltage, make diode D 2conducting, D 1cut-off; C 2charging, electric current is as shown in phantom in FIG.; C 2be "+" that upper is "-", and maximum can reach under the polarity of upper voltage visible, be C 1to the memory action of electric charge, make output voltage (i.e. electric capacity C 2on voltage) be 2 times of transformer secondary crest voltage, utilize same principle can realize the output voltage of required multiple.
Along with the arrival of economic globalization, in order to line voltage and the three-phase voltage of compatible various countries, in a lot of industry, as power industry, need the wide Switching Power Supply reaching 85VAC to 460VAC of a kind of input voltage, general input power is all less than 75W.If use common BOOST pfc circuit to need the output filter capacitor of electrochemical capacitor series connection as pfc circuit of use two withstand voltage 400V, add other circuit part of PFC, cost is very high, and owing to have employed two-step scheme, device populations increases, and its dependability declines.Therefore industry generally selects conventional one pole bridge rectifier.
But, for the product such as wide pressure input switch power supply of 85VAC to 460VAC, the selection of its filter capacitor is a problem making that designer is puzzled, DC voltage range after above-mentioned voltage commutation is: 120V to 650V, for the direct voltage of 650V, need to select the capacitances in series of two withstand voltage 400V to obtain, as the electric capacity C in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 series l, need series connection to obtain, Fig. 7 shows circuit, by electrochemical capacitor C 1and C 2be composed in series, can respectively at electrochemical capacitor C during actual use 1and C 2grading resistor in parallel connection.Fig. 8 shows the block diagram that input voltage is the wide pressure input switch power supply of 85VAC to 460VAC, U aCfor input voltage, be the wide pressure input of 85VAC to 460VAC, 100 is rectification circuit, halfwave rectifier and bridge rectifier can, electric capacity C lfor filter capacitor, 101 is the DC/DC converter of power stage, and it exports as direct current output.
At input U aCfor 85VAC, when exporting fully loaded, U ldC pulse amplitude can be very large, provide if want comparatively level and smooth direct voltage to be that rear class DC/DC converter is powered, then need the filter capacitor of larger capacity, and this electric capacity is once establish, it is at input U aCunder rising to high-pressure situations, just seeming, capacity is excessive, causes unnecessary waste.Hereafter show the concrete computational process of filter capacitor capacitance.
If the conversion efficiency that the DC output end power output of Switching Power Supply is main power stage 101 in Po, Fig. 8 is η, so high-pressure side U lequivalent consumed power be Pg, so have:
Pg = Po η Formula (2)
The alternating voltage of Switching Power Supply is U aC, the input voltage of main power stage 101 is Ug, so, and the D.C. resistance R of the at this moment equivalence of Switching Power Supply power stage 101 dfor:
R D = ( Ug ) 2 Po η = ( 2 U AC ) 2 Po η = 2 η U AC 2 Po Formula (3)
It is generally acknowledged, this resistance R dwith high-voltage filtering capacitor C lproduct, i.e. timeconstantτ, be greater than 3 times of the Rectified alternating current cycle after rectification and more than, for the alternating current of 50Hz, after rectification, the frequency of Rectified alternating current is 100Hz, and its cycle is 10mS, so timeconstantτ is greater than 30mS, certainly, more greatly, after AC rectification, the ripple of Rectified alternating current is less.
Note: timeconstantτ, be greater than 3 times of the Rectified alternating current cycle after rectification and more than, this part content please refer to " Basic Analog Electronics " the 4th edition the 522nd page to 526 pages of Tong Shibai chief editor, this book ISBN 978-7-04-018922-3.The requirement of " 3 times " is 0.2 to derive according to the ripple factor S of the 525th page (10.3.4), now U in Fig. 8 lripple voltage is the lower limit that can bear of proximity switch power supply, to ask ripple voltage little, and so electric capacity C lcapacity required is larger.
Wushu (3) substitutes into time constant formula, i.e. filter capacitor C lminimum value be:
C = τ R D = τ 2 η U AC 2 Po = τPo 2 η U AC 2 Formula (4)
If calculate with the consumed power Pg of high-pressure side, namely formula (2) substitutes into formula (4), and above formula (4) can be reduced to:
C = τ 2 × Pg U AC 2 Formula (5)
So, be the Switching Power Supply of the wide pressure input of 85VAC to 460VAC for input voltage, as shown in Figure 8, if make the product exporting 40W, 12V, if the efficiency of main power stage 101 is 85%, above-mentioned timeconstantτ gets 30mS, uses formula (5) to calculate at different input voltage U aCunder, the filter capacitor C needed for reality las shown in following table one:
Table one
As can be seen from upper table one, this 40W power supply normally works in order to ensure under 85VAC, filter capacitor needs value 100uF, due to high pressure 650V under high pressure will be born, generally select 100uF/400V electric capacity 4, two series connection, more in parallel, as shown in Figure 9, can respectively at electrochemical capacitor C during actual use 1and C 2and C 3and C 4grading resistor in parallel connection, finally obtain the electric capacity of 100uF, cost is higher, and the electrochemical capacitor of the low ESR of 100uF/400V that the Japanese NCC also widely used according to industrial quarters accreditation produces, be about 4.4 yuan one, add rectifier bridge, total cost is not less than 18.8 yuan.And the volume of 4 high-voltage electrolytic capacitors can not be ignored when designing, and its space taken is larger.
Therefore, input power is less than to the various electric equipment of 75W, if the rectification of its inside, filter circuit still adopt the topology of common current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, so, under wide input voltage range, when low pressure inputs, the withstand voltage of filter capacitor is under-utilized, and when high input voltage, there is again the problem that capacity allowance is excessive, and cost is high, take up room large.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the invention is to solve under wide input voltage range, there is filter capacitor underutilization in existing current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, cost is high, and take up room large problem, provides a kind of rectifying and wave-filtering method, different rectifier systems can be provided for the different voltage ranges of wide input voltage range, to reduce requirement to filter capacitor, improve the utilance of filter capacitor capacitance and withstand voltage, and realize cost relatively reduce, take up room less.
Relative to this, another object of the present invention is, a kind of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is provided, different rectifier systems can be provided for the different voltage ranges of wide input voltage range, to reduce the requirement to filter capacitor, improve the utilance of filter capacitor capacitance and withstand voltage, and realize cost relatively reduce, take up room less.
The object of the invention is to be realized by following technical measures:
A kind of rectifying and wave-filtering method, comprise the steps, exchange the connected loop inputting and formed through the first switching over bridge rectifier and two series capacitances, when the voltage U ac exchanging input is less than preset value, first switch closes, and bridge rectifier and two series capacitances form 2 voltage multiplying rectifier filter circuits; When the voltage U ac exchanging input is greater than preset value, the first switch disconnects, and bridge rectifier and two series capacitances form bridge rectifier filter circuit.
Preferably, described close/disconnecting of first switch is controlled by voltage detecting and controling circuit, the working method of described voltage detecting and controling circuit, is the voltage peak detecting alternating current Uac, or detects the voltage effective value of alternating current Uac.
Preferably, the supply power mode of described voltage detecting and controling circuit is that the accessory power supply of the rear class Switching Power Supply by being connected with current rectifying and wave filtering circuit obtains and powers, or by obtaining power supply to the direct voltage after alternating current Uac rectifying and wave-filtering.
A kind of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, for realizing above-mentioned rectifying and wave-filtering method, comprise ac input end, bridge rectifier, first electric capacity and the second electric capacity, described bridge rectifier has positive output end and negative output terminal, it is characterized in that: also comprise the first switch, described first electric capacity is connected with the second capacitances in series, one end of described first switch is connected to one end of ac input end, the other end of the first switch is connected to the tie point of the first electric capacity and the second electric capacity, the described other end of the first electric capacity is connected with the positive output end of bridge rectifier, the described other end of the second electric capacity is connected with the negative output terminal of bridge rectifier, wherein, exchange the connected loop inputting and formed through the first switching over bridge rectifier and two series capacitances, when the voltage U ac exchanging input is less than preset value, the first switch closes, and bridge rectifier forms 2 voltage multiplying rectifier filter circuits with first electric capacity of connecting, the second electric capacity, when the voltage U ac exchanging input is greater than preset value, the first switch disconnects, and bridge rectifier forms bridge rectifier filter circuit with first electric capacity of connecting, the second electric capacity.
Preferably, described current rectifying and wave filtering circuit also comprises the voltage detecting and controling circuit closing/disconnect of control first switch, described first switch is normal-open type relay, described voltage detecting and controling circuit has input anode, input negative terminal, feeder ear and the first output, wherein, the input anode of voltage detecting and controling circuit is connected with one end of the first switch, input negative terminal is connected with the negative output terminal of bridge rectifier, first output is connected with one end of the first switch relay winding, and feeder ear is connected with the other end of the first switch relay winding.
Preferably, described voltage detecting and controling circuit, comprise resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, electric capacity C3, diode D5, voltage stabilizing didoe D6, NPN type triode T1, NPN type triode T2, wherein, the anode of diode D5 draws the input anode as voltage detecting and controling circuit, one end of the negative electrode contact resistance R1 of diode D5, connects one end of electric capacity C3 simultaneously, one end of the other end contact resistance R2 of resistance R1, its tie point connects the base stage of NPN type triode T2 simultaneously; The other end of the emitter contact resistance R2 of NPN type triode T2, connects the other end of electric capacity C3, the input negative terminal of tie point coating-forming voltage detection control circuit simultaneously; One end of the collector electrode contact resistance R3 of NPN type triode T2, its tie point connects the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 simultaneously, and the other end of resistance R3 is drawn as feeder ear; The anode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 connects the base stage of NPN triode T1, and the emitter of NPN type triode T1 connects the emitter of NPN type triode T2, and the collector electrode of NPN type triode T1 is drawn as the first output.
Preferably, described voltage detecting and controling circuit, comprise resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, electric capacity C3, diode D5, voltage stabilizing didoe D6, pressurizer IC1, NPN type triode T1, wherein, the anode of diode D5 draws the input anode as voltage detecting and controling circuit, one end of the negative electrode contact resistance R1 of diode D5, connect one end of electric capacity C3 simultaneously, one end of the other end contact resistance R2 of resistance R1, its tie point connects the reference edge R of pressurizer IC1 simultaneously, the other end of the anode A contact resistance R2 of pressurizer IC1, connect the other end of electric capacity C3 simultaneously, the input negative terminal of tie point coating-forming voltage detection control circuit, one end of the negative electrode K contact resistance R3 of pressurizer IC1, its tie point connects the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 simultaneously, and the other end of resistance R3 is drawn as feeder ear, the anode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 connects the base stage of NPN triode T1, and the emitter of NPN type triode T1 connects the emitter of NPN type triode T2, and the collector electrode of NPN type triode T1 is as the first output.
Preferably, described voltage detecting and controling circuit, comprises resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, electric capacity C3, diode D5, voltage stabilizing didoe D6, voltage stabilizing didoe D7, NPN type triode T1, NPN type triode T2, wherein, the anode of diode D5 is drawn as input anode; One end of the negative electrode contact resistance R1 of diode D5, connect one end of electric capacity C3 simultaneously, one end of the other end contact resistance R2 of resistance R1, its tie point connects the base stage of NPN type triode T2 simultaneously, the emitter of NPN type triode T2 connects the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe D7, the other end of resistance R2 is connected with the other end of electric capacity C3 and the anode of voltage stabilizing didoe D7 respectively, and meanwhile, the other end of resistance R2 is drawn and formed input negative terminal; The emitter of NPN type triode T2 is also connected with one end of resistance R4, one end of the collector electrode contact resistance R3 of NPN type triode T2, its tie point connects the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 simultaneously, the other end of resistance R3 is connected with the other end of resistance R4, and the other end of resistance R3 is drawn and formed feeder ear simultaneously; The anode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 connects the base stage of NPN triode T1, and the emitter of NPN type triode T1 connects the anode of voltage stabilizing didoe D7, and the collector electrode of NPN type triode T1 is drawn as the first output.
Preferably, the normal-open type relay of described current rectifying and wave filtering circuit also can be substituted by closed type relay, NPN type triode also can be substituted by PNP type triode, its concrete technical scheme is, described current rectifying and wave filtering circuit also comprises the voltage detecting and controling circuit closing/disconnect of control first switch, described first switch is closed type relay, described voltage detecting and controling circuit has input anode, input negative terminal, feeder ear and the first output, the input anode of voltage detecting and controling circuit is connected with one end of the first switch, input negative terminal is connected with the negative output terminal of bridge rectifier and one end of the first switch relay winding respectively, first output is connected with the other end of the first switch relay winding, described voltage detecting and controling circuit, comprises resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, electric capacity C3, diode D5, pressurizer IC1, PNP type triode T4, and wherein, the anode of diode D5 is drawn as input anode, one end of the negative electrode contact resistance R1 of diode D5, connect one end of electric capacity C3 simultaneously, one end of the other end contact resistance R2 of resistance R1, its tie point connects the reference edge R of pressurizer IC1 simultaneously, the anode other end of contact resistance R2 and the other end of electric capacity C3 respectively of pressurizer IC1, the anode of pressurizer IC1 is drawn and is formed input negative terminal simultaneously, negative electrode one end of contact resistance R3 and one end of resistance R4 respectively of pressurizer IC1, the other end of resistance R3 connects the emitter of PNP type triode T4, and the other end of resistance R3 is drawn and formed feeder ear simultaneously, the other end of resistance R4 is connected with the base stage of PNP type triode T4, and the collector electrode of PNP type triode T4 is drawn as the first output.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The first, different rectifier systems can be provided for the different voltage ranges of wide input voltage range, to reduce the requirement to filter capacitor, improve the utilance of filter capacitor capacitance and withstand voltage, thus the filter capacitor of low capacity also can be met design requirement;
The second, due to the reduction of filter capacitor capacity, reduce the start impulse current of complete machine greatly, improve reliability;
3rd, volume reduces, and has saved the area of circuit board, the weight of complete machine has been reduced, reduce further cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is in time by the alternating voltage waveform figure that sinusoidal rule changes;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of existing halfwave rectifier filter circuit;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of existing full-wave rectifier filter circuit;
Fig. 4-1 is the circuit diagram of existing bridge rectifier filter circuit;
Fig. 4-2 is the circuit diagram of existing bridge rectifier filter circuit, and wherein rectifier bridge adopts the simple and easy technique of painting;
Fig. 4-3 is the circuit diagram of the another kind of technique of painting of existing bridge rectifier filter circuit;
Fig. 5-1 is existing bridge rectifier, does not connect the Rectified alternating current oscillogram that filter capacitor exports;
Fig. 5-2 is the output voltage waveform of existing bridge-type (or all-wave) rectification circuit when connecting filter capacitor;
Fig. 6 is the circuit theory diagrams of existing 2 voltage multiplying rectifier filter circuits;
Fig. 7 is that existing two capacitances in series use with the physical cabling circuit diagram realizing former capacitor design performance;
The schematic block circuit diagram of Fig. 8 to be input voltage be wide pressure input switch power supply of 85VAC to 460VAC;
Fig. 9 is filter capacitor C in Fig. 8 Switching Power Supply lthe actual connection circuit figure used;
Figure 10 is the circuit theory diagrams of the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of first embodiment of the invention;
Figure 11 is the actual equivalent circuit theory figure of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit when switch S 1 closes of first embodiment of the invention;
Figure 12 is the theory diagram of the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of second embodiment of the invention;
Figure 13 is the circuit theory diagrams of the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of second embodiment of the invention;
Figure 14 is the circuit theory diagrams of the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of third embodiment of the invention;
Figure 15 is the circuit theory diagrams of the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of fourth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 16 is the circuit theory diagrams of the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of fifth embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better relative to the improvement done by prior art, before five kinds of embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, first the prior art that background technology part is mentioned is illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the prior art scheme, the equivalent capacity C in Switching Power Supply block diagram 8 ladopt the connected mode of Fig. 9, as shown in Figure 9, a kind of capacitor filter, comprise electric capacity C1, C2, C3, C4, four electric capacity are version in parallel again of first connecting, and namely electric capacity C1, C2 is connected in series formation one series arm, and electric capacity C3, C4 are connected in series and form another series arm, two series arms are connected in parallel again, to meet the requirement of wide pressure input.
Following the annexation of above-mentioned Starting Technical scheme, for this current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, when solving the allowance select permeability of electric capacity, is the practical allowance adopting multiple electric capacity to be increased electric capacity by the combining form of series and parallel.Therefore, under wide input voltage range, when low pressure inputs, the withstand voltage of filter capacitor is under-utilized, and when high input voltage, there is again the problem that capacity allowance is excessive, and cost is high, takes up room large.Although prior art provides the series and parallel combining structure of multiple electric capacity to this problem, in actual use, all fail to solve the select permeability of electric capacity.In other words, for the electric capacity problems of value of filter circuit, carried out the value allowance of balancing capacitance simply by the overlaying structure of electric capacity series and parallel, the value allowance of electric capacity can be caused constantly to increase.If do not increase the value allowance of electric capacity, then circuit functional reliability and be just difficult to actual life be protected.That is, do not break through the filtering method of existing wide input voltage circuit, be just difficult to the value allowance of balancing capacitance and the wide input voltage range circuit contradiction to the more and more higher designing requirement of useful life, reliability.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is exactly for the improvement done by filter circuit of the prior art.Basic improved though of the present invention is, reduces the excursion of output voltage in full input voltage range of prior art, thus makes full use of the allowance of the withstand voltage of filter capacitor and capacitance two aspect.And from circuit structure aspect, the rectifier bridge broken traditions and the connection mode of capacitor filter, make the syndeton of rectifier bridge and electric capacity be out of shape with the different intervals of input voltage.
Thinking accordingly, first the present invention innovates rectifying and wave-filtering method, and a kind of rectifying and wave-filtering method, comprises the steps,
Exchange the connected loop inputting and formed through the first switching over bridge rectifier and two series capacitances,
When the voltage U ac exchanging input is less than preset value, the first switch closes, and bridge rectifier and two series capacitances form 2 voltage multiplying rectifier filter circuits;
When the voltage U ac exchanging input is greater than preset value, the first switch disconnects, and bridge rectifier and two series capacitances form bridge rectifier filter circuit.Preset value is by determining the classifying rationally of wide input voltage.Namely wide input voltage range is divided into high input voltage interval and low input interval by this preset value.
Again based on the rectifying and wave-filtering method of this kind of innovation, improve the circuit connection structure realizing the related elements of the method, a kind of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, for realizing above-mentioned rectifying and wave-filtering method, comprise ac input end, there is the bridge rectifier of positive output end and negative output terminal, first electric capacity and the second electric capacity, also comprise the first switch, first electric capacity is connected with the second capacitances in series, one end of first switch is connected to one end of ac input end, the other end of the first switch is connected to the tie point of the first electric capacity and the second electric capacity, the other end of the first electric capacity is connected with the positive output end of bridge rectifier, the other end of the second electric capacity is connected with the negative output terminal of bridge rectifier,
Wherein, exchange the connected loop inputting and formed through the first switching over bridge rectifier and two series capacitances,
When the voltage U ac exchanging input is less than preset value, the first switch closes, and bridge rectifier forms 2 voltage multiplying rectifier filter circuits with first electric capacity of connecting, the second electric capacity;
When the voltage U ac exchanging input is greater than preset value, the first switch disconnects, and bridge rectifier forms bridge rectifier filter circuit with first electric capacity of connecting, the second electric capacity.
The present invention disassembles and bamboo product by again carrying out function to the syndeton of rectifier bridge and electric capacity, existing rectifier bridge is connected dexterously with electric capacity, there is corresponding connection to the annexation of electric capacity with the constant interval of input voltage to make rectifier bridge by the first switch to be out of shape, thus convert different rectifying and wave-filtering mode, make the actual allowance of electric capacity adapt to the demand of different voltage range.Respectively detailed description is made to the five kinds of embodiments realizing this mentality of designing below.
First embodiment
Figure 10 shows the circuit theory diagrams of the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of first embodiment of the invention, a kind of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, comprise one integrated or connect to form known bridge rectifier 100 by discrete diode (being D1, D2, D3, D4 in figure), the positive output end of bridge rectifier is output plus terminal of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, and the negative output terminal of bridge rectifier is the output negative terminal of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit; Current rectifying and wave filtering circuit comprises electric capacity C1, the electric capacity C2 of the first switch S 1 and series connection mutually, the two ends of electric capacity C1 connect the output plus terminal of bridge rectifier and the positive pole of electric capacity C2 respectively, and the two ends of electric capacity C2 connect the negative pole of electric capacity C1 and the output negative terminal of bridge rectifier respectively; One end of switch S 1 is connected to any one end exchanging input, and the other end is connected to the tie point of electric capacity C1, C2.When the alternating voltage inputted is less than preset value, allow switch S1 close, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is switched to 2 voltage multiplying rectifiers; When the alternating voltage inputted is greater than preset value, allow switch S1 disconnect, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is switched to bridge rectifier.First switch S 1 in the present embodiment, is hand switch, can be set by user or producer according to the input voltage range of reality.
The operation principle of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of the present invention and using method illustrate and are:
When the first switch S 1 disconnects, this is a very typical bridge rectifier, first electric capacity C1 and the second electric capacity C2 connects mutually, total filter capacitor capacitance is the value after series connection, the maximum output voltage allowed is the withstand voltage sum of the first electric capacity C1 and the second electric capacity C2, be suitable for input voltage higher time rectifying and wave-filtering occasion.Usually, require the first electric capacity and the second electric capacity be same size, brand, batch electric capacity.Visible, when bridge rectifier, electric capacity C1, C2 are tandem workings, and only play the effect of a discrete capacitor, now withstand voltage is enhanced, and can be adapted to the design requirement in high input voltage interval.
When the first switch closes, the equivalent circuit diagram of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of the present invention as shown in figure 11, only has D2, D3 to participate in circuit working, if U in rectifier aCfor the effective value of input AC input voltage.Its operation principle is summarized as follows: work as U aCduring positive half period, diode D 3conducting, D 2cut-off, C 2charging, electric current as shown by the solid line in the drawings, C 2on polarity of voltage on be "+", lower is "-", and maximum can reach work as U aCduring negative half-cycle, diode D 3cut-off, C 2on voltage continue keep, D 2conducting; C 1charging, electric current is as shown in phantom in FIG.; C 1the polarity of upper voltage is upper is equally "+", and lower is "-", and maximum can reach because electric capacity C1 and C2 is that series connection uses, therefore, the output voltage of whole current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is visible, be the closed of the first switch S 1, make circuit be switched to 2 voltage multiplying rectifiers by full-wave rectification.When 2 voltage multiplying rectifier, electric capacity C1, C2 charged in parallel, discharged in series, output voltage comparatively bridge rectifier multiplication, makes the capacitance of filter capacitor require to reduce, is adapted to the design requirement in low input interval.
For input voltage range 85-460VAC, when input voltage is at 85-176VAC, arrange the first switch and close, do voltage-doubler rectification filtering, ideally, the output voltage range obtained is 240V-498VDC; When input voltage is higher than 176VAC, the first switch is set and disconnects, do full-wave rectification, the output voltage range obtained is 249-650VDC, this is similar to and the input voltage range of rear class converter is reduced half, thus greatly can reduce the capacity of filter capacitor, and concrete computational process is as follows.
When input voltage range is 85-176VAC, Closing Switch S1, makes 2 voltage multiplying rectifiers.Now, can obtain according to the computational methods in background technology,
C = τ R D = τ 8 η U AC 2 Po = τPo 8 η U AC 2 Formula (6)
Contrast (4) are known, because the voltage after rectification becomes original 2 times, so the capacitance of filter capacitor can be reduced to original 1/4, improves effect highly significant.
And above-mentioned improvement opportunity scheme, when being operated in wide input voltage range, automatically can detect the value of input voltage, compare with preset value, control the disconnection of the first switch with closed.Its general principle is similar with above-mentioned, repeats no more here.
Because high pressure low volume electrochemical capacitor cost ratio high-voltage large-capacity electrochemical capacitor is low, and volume is smaller.Therefore, in the small-power AC-DC Switching Power Supply of wide input voltage range, this measure can reduce volume and the cost of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit greatly.This can provide Data Comparison in an embodiment.
Below, with one group of real data, the beneficial effect that the present invention brings is described.In circuit shown in Figure 10, rectifier diode D1, D2, D3, D4 use bridge to pile KBL4010, specification is 4A/1000V, C1, C2 of mutual series connection are the electrochemical capacitor of 56uF/400V, its equivalent capacity is 28uF/800V, brand is all the homologous series electric capacity of Japanese NCC, and switch S 1 is ROCKERSWITCH, and model is 3010.
After circuit connects, the break-make of switch S 1 is set by designing requirement, is still set to the Closing Switch S1 when input voltage is 85 ~ 176VAC, higher than cut-off switch S1 during this scope.Under different voltage, the filter capacity that circuit of the present invention provides is for shown in table two:
Table two
Can see from upper table, the present invention is in extremely wide voltage range, and the actual filter capacitor capacitance used is all than the C calculated lcapacity minimum value wants large, can meet user demand completely.
Obviously, the volume of four 100uF/400V in the volume ratio background technology of two 56uF/400V electrochemical capacitors is much smaller, and the element S1 of increase is also little than the volume of an electrochemical capacitor, so the overall institute of the present invention takes up space very little.In addition, due to the reduction of filter capacitor capacitance, greatly can reduce impulse current of starting shooting, improve the reliability of system.
Second embodiment
The first above-mentioned embodiment has a not enough place to be that circuit can not select applicable rectifier system automatically according to the change of input voltage, and this limits its scope of application to a certain extent.Second embodiment realizes for improving this deficiency, can select suitable rectifier system according to the change of input voltage.
Figure 12 is the theory diagram of the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of second embodiment of the invention, is also third and fourth, the schematic diagram block diagram of five embodiments; As the further improvement of technique scheme, the difference of the present embodiment and the first embodiment is, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit also comprises a voltage detecting and controling circuit 102, when the alternating voltage of input being detected lower than preset value, controlling the first switch S 1 and closing; When input voltage being detected higher than preset value, controlling the first switch S 1 and disconnecting.Preferably, the first switch S 1 in this scheme can be relay.Being called for short the program is below improvement opportunity scheme of the present invention.
Wherein, in improvement opportunity scheme, the working method of voltage detecting and controling circuit has two kinds, first kind of way is the voltage peak that voltage detecting and controling circuit 102 detects AC-input voltage, and the second way is the voltage effective value that voltage detecting and controling circuit 102 detects AC-input voltage.
In above-mentioned improvement opportunity scheme, the supply power mode of voltage detecting and controling circuit has two kinds, a kind of mode is that voltage detecting and controling circuit 102 is obtained by the accessory power supply of the rear class Switching Power Supply be connected with current rectifying and wave filtering circuit and powers, and another kind of mode is that voltage detecting and controling circuit 102 is by obtaining power supply to the filtered direct voltage of input AC electric rectification.
Figure 13 shows the circuit theory diagrams of the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of second embodiment of the invention, a kind of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, comprise ac input end 104 and 105, bridge rectifier 100,1 first switch 103 (for normally opened relay), one first electric capacity C1, one second electric capacity C2 and voltage detecting and controling circuit 102, bridge rectifier 100 has output plus terminal 106 and exports negative terminal 107; Electric capacity C1 and C2 is same specification electric capacity, mutually connects; Voltage detecting and controling circuit 102 comprises input anode 109, input negative terminal 110, feeder ear 108 and the first output 111.Wherein, ac input end 104 connects the input anode 109 of voltage detecting and controling circuit 102, ac input end 104 also connects one end of the first switch 103 normally opened contact simultaneously, and the other end of the first switch 103 normally opened contact connects the negative pole of electric capacity C1 and the positive pole of electric capacity C2; Export the voltage detecting input negative terminal 110 that negative terminal 107 connects voltage detecting and controling circuit 102, negative terminal 107 also connects the second electric capacity C2 negative pole simultaneously, and output plus terminal 106 connects the positive input terminal of the first electric capacity; One end of first switch 103 (for normally opened relay) winding connects the first output 111 of voltage detecting and controling circuit 102, and the other end of relay winding connects feeder ear 108.
Voltage detecting and controling circuit 102 in the present embodiment, is the first working method, for detecting the voltage peak of AC-input voltage.Voltage detecting and controling circuit 102 comprises: resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, electric capacity C3, diode D5, voltage stabilizing didoe D6, NPN type triode T1, T2.The annexation of voltage detecting and controling circuit 102 is: the anode of diode D5 is as voltage detecting input positive 109; One end of the negative electrode contact resistance R1 of diode D5, connect one end of electric capacity C3 simultaneously, one end of the other end contact resistance R2 of resistance R1, its tie point connects the base stage of NPN type triode T2 simultaneously, the other end of the emitter contact resistance R2 of NPN type triode T2, connect the other end of electric capacity C3, tie point coating-forming voltage detects input negative 110 simultaneously; One end of the collector electrode contact resistance R3 of NPN type triode T2, its tie point connects the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 simultaneously, and the other end of resistance R3 connects feeder ear 108; The anode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 connects the base stage of NPN triode T1, and the emitter of triode T1 connects the collector electrode of voltage detecting input negative 110, triode T1 as the first output 111.
Bridge rectifier part 100 is known circuits, repeats no more here.
Its operation principle is, diode D5 and electric capacity C3 forms half-wave rectifying circuit, the terminal voltage value of electric capacity C3 equals the peak value of the Rectified alternating current that alternating voltage is formed after halfwave rectifier between AC input terminal 104 and 105, and this is because resistance R1 value is very large, the cause that current sinking is minimum.When alternating voltage is less than preset value, the terminal voltage of electric capacity C3, after resistance R1 and resistance R2 dividing potential drop, is not enough to cause NPN type triode T2 conducting, its current collection very high level, be enough to puncture voltage stabilizing didoe D6, now, the voltage of feeder ear 108, through the base-emitter of resistance R3, voltage stabilizing didoe D6, NPN pipe T1, forms path, triode T1 conducting, relay R LY adhesive, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is switched to 2 voltage multiplying rectifiers, and output voltage is
When alternating voltage exceedes preset value, the terminal voltage of electric capacity C3 is after resistance R1 and resistance R2 dividing potential drop, and be enough to cause NPN type triode T2 conducting, between its collector electrode to negative terminal 110, voltage is low level, its voltage is generally less than 0.7V, is not enough to puncture voltage stabilizing didoe D6.Therefore, triode T1 not conducting, relay R LY not adhesive, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is switched to bridge rectifier, and output voltage is
Choosing of preset value generally needs to consider input voltage range mid point, and actual electric network voltage and fluctuation thereof, to maximally utilise the advantage that the present invention brings.
, with one group of real data, the beneficial effect that second embodiment of the invention is brought is described below, in circuit shown in Figure 13, rectifier diode D1, D2, D3, D4 use bridge to pile KBL4010, and specification is 4A/1000V; C1, C2 of mutual series connection are the electrochemical capacitor of 56uF/400V, and brand is all the homologous series electric capacity of Japanese NCC; Switch 103 is 12V 16.7mA normal-open type relay; Resistance R1 is four 1M Ω resistant series gained, and total resistance is 4M Ω, resistance R2 is 9.31K Ω, resistance R3 is 15K Ω; Electric capacity C3 is the electrochemical capacitor series connection gained of 1uF/400V, and total capacitance is 0.5uF; Diode D5 is 1N4007; NPN type triode T1, T2 are 491, and voltage stabilizing didoe D6 is 5.1V voltage-stabiliser tube, and the voltage of feeder ear 108 is 12VDC.
After circuit welds, actual measurement preset value is about 170VAC, and regulating resistance R1 or R2 can regulate the value of preset value.Actual measurement is under different voltage, and the filter capacity that circuit of the present invention provides is for shown in table four:
Table four
Can see from upper table, the present invention is in extremely wide voltage range, and the actual filter capacitor capacitance used is all than the C calculated lcapacity minimum value wants large, can meet user demand completely.
Obviously, the present embodiment reaches the effect that volume is little, cost is low, impulse current is little of the first embodiment equally, and circuit can switch automatically according to input voltage, expands the scope of application of the present invention greatly.
3rd embodiment
Figure 14 shows the circuit theory diagrams of the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of third embodiment of the invention.The present embodiment is the improvement made on the basis of the second embodiment, is only the structure of voltage detecting and controling circuit 102 with the difference of the second embodiment.Voltage detecting and controling circuit 102 in the present embodiment, is still the first working method, for detecting the voltage peak of AC-input voltage.Voltage detecting and controling circuit 102 comprises: resistance R1, R2, R3, R4, electric capacity C3, diode D5, voltage stabilizing didoe D6, D7, NPN type triode T1, T2.The annexation of voltage detecting and controling circuit 102 is: the anode of diode D5 is as voltage detecting input positive 109, one end of the negative electrode contact resistance R1 of diode D5, connect one end of electric capacity C3 simultaneously, one end of the other end contact resistance R2 of resistance R1, its tie point connects the base stage of NPN type triode T2 simultaneously; The other end of resistance R2 is connected with the other end of C3, and coating-forming voltage detects input negative 110.The emitter of NPN type triode T2 connects the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe D7, and its tie point is connected together by resistance R4 and feeder ear 108; The anode of voltage stabilizing didoe D7 is connected to voltage detecting input negative 110; One end of the collector electrode contact resistance R3 of NPN type triode T2, its tie point connects the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 simultaneously, and the other end of R3 connects feeder ear 108; The anode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 connects the base stage of NPN triode T1, and the emitter of triode T1 connects the collector electrode of voltage detecting input negative 110, triode T1 as the first output 111.
Bridge rectifier part 100 is known circuits, repeats no more here.
The operation principle first illustratively increasing circuit part newly and the beneficial effect brought, contrast the second embodiment, the present embodiment has newly increased resistance R4 and voltage stabilizing didoe D7, because circuit working is under extremely wide input voltage, in order to reduce the power consumption that resistance R4 brings, the electric current flowing through R4 generally can control at below 200uA, however, voltage stabilizing didoe D7 still obtains certain voltage stabilizing value, can be much less than nominal value, just because of the existence of voltage stabilizing didoe D7, the voltage of NPN type triode T2 base stage and ohmic connection points is elevated, namely virtual " reference voltage " of voltage detecting and controling circuit 102 becomes NPN type triode T2 base stage adds voltage stabilizing didoe D7 actual voltage stabilizing value to emitter voltage drop.Because reference voltage is significantly promoted, the change that NPN type triode T2 base stage produces because of temperature to emitter voltage drop is compared with reference voltage, and shared ratio is less, improves the temperature stability of circuit.
Correspondingly, as the retouching to circuit, resistance R4 can replace with the constant-current source of small area analysis, and the voltage stabilizing value of voltage stabilizing didoe D7 also can by the forward series connection gained of diode.
Meanwhile, compared to the second embodiment, relay R LY can also be connected to separately another supply terminals 112.The electric current that supply terminals 108 to 112 provides can a little order of magnitude, and voltage also can be variant, but they connect altogether.Supply terminals separately connects can facilitate device parameters and choosing for electric connection point.
The operation principle of circuit is as follows: when input voltage is less than preset value, the terminal voltage of electric capacity C3 is after resistance R1 and resistance R2 dividing potential drop, be not enough to cause NPN type triode T2 conducting, its current collection very high level, the voltage of feeder ear 108, through the base-emitter of resistance R3, voltage stabilizing didoe D6, NPN pipe T1, forms path, triode T1 conducting, relay R LY adhesive, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is switched to 2 voltage multiplying rectifiers, and output voltage is
When alternating voltage exceedes preset value, the terminal voltage of electric capacity C3 is after resistance R1 and resistance R2 dividing potential drop, be enough to cause NPN type triode T2 conducting, between its collector electrode to negative terminal 110, voltage is the conducting voltage of collector electrode-emitter and the voltage stabilizing value sum of D7, is not enough to puncture voltage stabilizing didoe D6.Therefore, triode T1 not conducting, relay R LY not adhesive, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is switched to bridge rectifier, and output voltage is
By simple circuit debugging, the present embodiment can realize the object identical with the second embodiment.The filter capacity that the present embodiment circuit provides is identical with upper table four:
The present embodiment, compared to the second embodiment, adds some elements, but is more or less the same.
Therefore the 3rd embodiment still can realize goal of the invention.
4th embodiment
Figure 15 shows the circuit theory diagrams of the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of fourth embodiment of the invention.The present embodiment is the improvement made on the basis of the second embodiment, with the second embodiment unlike, the structure of voltage detecting and controling circuit 102.NPN type triode T2 in second embodiment is replaced by pressurizer IC1, and pressurizer IC1 is this adjustable accurate shunt regulator of TL431, is also a kind of integrated circuit, and it has three pins: anode A, negative electrode K, reference edge R.Replace emitter, collector electrode, the base stage of NPN type triode T1 respectively.
Other annexation with the second embodiment, is said completely here no longer in detail.The ratio of regulating resistance R1 and R2, makes input voltage when preset value, and the voltage of the reference edge R of pressurizer IC1 is the reference voltage of nominal, is generally about 2.50V, notes: the TL431 also having the model of about 1.25V.
As input voltage U aCwhen being less than preset value, the voltage of the reference edge R of pressurizer IC1 is less than the reference voltage 2.50V of nominal, and at this moment the negative electrode K of pressurizer IC1 only consumes the electric current of below 0.4mA, and resistance R3 can choose like this:
R 3 ≤ V CC - V D 6 - 0.7 V 0.4 mA Formula (7)
Wherein, V cCfor the magnitude of voltage of supply terminals 108, U d6for the voltage stabilizing value of voltage stabilizing didoe D6,0.7V is the conducting voltage of base stage to emitter of triode T1.0.4mA is the minimum working current of TL431, and the TL431 minimum working current of different manufacturers is slightly different, can adjust this value of 0.4mA and again substitute into formula (7).
At this moment because pressurizer IC1 consumes the electric current of below 0.4mA, the pressure drop that resistance R3 produces is smaller, the voltage of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 negative electrode is enough to puncture voltage stabilizing didoe D6, if resistance R3 gets a little bit smaller again, the electric current flowing through voltage stabilizing didoe D6 can increase, and D6 is in the state of voltage stabilizing, so at this moment, triode T1 conducting, relay R LY adhesive, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is switched to 2 voltage multiplying rectifiers, and output voltage is
As input voltage U aCtime more than preset value, the voltage of the reference edge R of pressurizer IC1 is greater than the reference voltage 2.50V of nominal, and at this moment the negative electrode K of pressurizer IC1 consumes very large electric current, and this electric current is until negative electrode K drops to 2.50V just settles out, and this is the inherent characteristic of TL431.So at this moment, voltage stabilizing didoe D6 cathode voltage is lower than its voltage stabilizing value, and D6 ends, and triode T1 not conducting, relay R LY not adhesive, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is switched to bridge rectifier, and output voltage is
Equally, if the resistance R3 constant current tube of several milliamperes, constant-current circuit replace, the operating power consumption of circuit reduces further.
, with one group of real data, the beneficial effect that the present embodiment brings is described below, in circuit shown in Figure 15, rectifier diode D1, D2, D3, D4 use bridge to pile KBL4010, and specification is 4A/1000V; C1, C2 of mutual series connection are the electrochemical capacitor of 56uF/400V, and brand is all the homologous series electric capacity of Japanese NCC; Switch 103 is 12V 16.7mA normal-open type relay; Resistance R1 is resistant series gained, and total resistance is 4.664M Ω, resistance R2 is 47K Ω, resistance R3 is 12K Ω; Electric capacity C3 is the electrochemical capacitor series connection gained of 1uF/400V, and total capacitance is 0.5uF; Diode D5 is 1N4007; Pressurizer IC1 is TL431 (2.5V), NPN type triode T1 is 491, and voltage stabilizing didoe D6 is 5.1V voltage-stabiliser tube, and the voltage of feeder ear 108 is 12VDC.
After circuit welds, actual measurement preset value is about 165VAC, and regulating resistance R1 or R2 can regulate the value of preset value.Actual measurement is under different voltage, and the filter capacity that circuit of the present invention provides is identical with upper table four.
Compared to the second embodiment, the present embodiment has changed NPN triode T2 into pressurizer TL431, and cost is more or less the same.
5th embodiment
Figure 16 shows the circuit theory diagrams of the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of fifth embodiment of the invention, with the 4th embodiment unlike, the first switch 103 in the 4th embodiment changes closed type relay into by normal-open type relay, and NPN triode T1 changes PNP triode T4 into.Concrete annexation involved by difference is, resistance R5 and PNP type triode T4 in parallel connection on resistance R3, i.e. one end of the emitter contact resistance R3 of PNP type triode T4, the base stage of triode T4 passes through the other end of resistance R5 contact resistance R3, the collector electrode of PNP type triode T4 is drawn as the first output 111, first output 111 connects one end of the coil windings of the first switch 103 relay R LY, and the other end of coil windings connects whole output negative terminal 107.
As input voltage U aCwhen being less than preset value, the voltage of the reference edge R of pressurizer IC1 is less than the reference voltage 2.50V of nominal, at this moment the negative electrode K of pressurizer IC1 only consumes the electric current of below 0.4mA, resistance R3 obtains less, guarantee PNP type triode T4 not conducting, at this moment relay R LY not adhesive, its normally-closed contact is in connected state, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is switched to 2 voltage multiplying rectifiers, and output voltage is
As input voltage U aCtime more than the first preset value, the voltage of the reference edge R of pressurizer IC1 is greater than the reference voltage 2.50V of nominal, and at this moment the negative electrode K of pressurizer IC1 consumes very large electric current, and this electric current is until negative electrode K drops to 2.50V just settles out.So at this moment, very large in the pressure drop of resistance R3 generation, first choose suitable R5, guarantee that the output current of PNP type triode T4 is enough to drive relay R LY action, after relay R LY adhesive, at this moment the normally-closed contact of relay R LY is in off-state, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is switched to bridge rectifier, and output voltage is
Thus achieve order of the present invention.It should be pointed out that because the present embodiment uses closed type relay, when high input voltage is started shooting, if relay has little time to disconnect, electrochemical capacitor C1, C2 and back-end circuit will produce overvoltage risk because of 2 voltage multiplying rectifiers.When practical application, should be noted and evade.
Below be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that above-mentioned preferred implementation should not be considered as limitation of the present invention.For those skilled in the art, in the basic topology of circuit of the present invention, add different control strategies and voltage detecting strategy, obtain various similar circuit further, adapt to other operational environment; Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made to the circuit in embodiment; These similar circuit and improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, no longer repeat by embodiment here, and protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.

Claims (9)

1. a rectifying and wave-filtering method, comprises the steps,
Exchange the connected loop inputting and formed through the first switching over bridge rectifier and two series capacitances,
When the voltage U ac exchanging input is less than preset value, the first switch closes, and bridge rectifier and two series capacitances form 2 voltage multiplying rectifier filter circuits;
When the voltage U ac exchanging input is greater than preset value, the first switch disconnects, and bridge rectifier and two series capacitances form bridge rectifier filter circuit.
2., according to rectifying and wave-filtering method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Close/disconnecting of first switch is controlled by voltage detecting and controling circuit, the working method of described voltage detecting and controling circuit, is the voltage peak detecting alternating current Uac, or detects the voltage effective value of alternating current Uac.
3., according to rectifying and wave-filtering method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that:
The supply power mode of described voltage detecting and controling circuit is that the accessory power supply of the rear class Switching Power Supply by being connected with current rectifying and wave filtering circuit obtains and powers, or by obtaining power supply to the direct voltage after alternating current Uac rectifying and wave-filtering.
4. a current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, for realizing rectifying and wave-filtering method according to claim 1, comprise ac input end, bridge rectifier, first electric capacity and the second electric capacity, described bridge rectifier has positive output end and negative output terminal, it is characterized in that: also comprise the first switch, described first electric capacity is connected with the second capacitances in series, one end of described first switch is connected to one end of ac input end, the other end of the first switch is connected to the tie point of the first electric capacity and the second electric capacity, the described other end of the first electric capacity is connected with the positive output end of bridge rectifier, the described other end of the second electric capacity is connected with the negative output terminal of bridge rectifier,
Wherein, exchange the connected loop inputting and formed through the first switching over bridge rectifier and two series capacitances,
When the voltage U ac exchanging input is less than preset value, the first switch closes, and bridge rectifier forms 2 voltage multiplying rectifier filter circuits with first electric capacity of connecting, the second electric capacity;
When the voltage U ac exchanging input is greater than preset value, the first switch disconnects, and bridge rectifier forms bridge rectifier filter circuit with first electric capacity of connecting, the second electric capacity.
5. according to current rectifying and wave filtering circuit according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the voltage detecting and controling circuit closing/disconnect also comprising control first switch, described first switch is normal-open type relay, described voltage detecting and controling circuit has input anode, input negative terminal, feeder ear and the first output, wherein, the input anode of voltage detecting and controling circuit is connected with one end of the first switch, input negative terminal is connected with the negative output terminal of bridge rectifier, first output is connected with one end of the first switch relay winding, feeder ear is connected with the other end of the first switch relay winding.
6. according to current rectifying and wave filtering circuit according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described voltage detecting and controling circuit, comprise resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, electric capacity C3, diode D5, voltage stabilizing didoe D6, NPN type triode T1, NPN type triode T2, wherein, the anode of diode D5 draws the input anode as voltage detecting and controling circuit, one end of the negative electrode contact resistance R1 of diode D5, connect one end of electric capacity C3 simultaneously, one end of the other end contact resistance R2 of resistance R1, its tie point connects the base stage of NPN type triode T2 simultaneously; The other end of the emitter contact resistance R2 of NPN type triode T2, connects the other end of electric capacity C3, the input negative terminal of tie point coating-forming voltage detection control circuit simultaneously; One end of the collector electrode contact resistance R3 of NPN type triode T2, its tie point connects the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 simultaneously, and the other end of resistance R3 is drawn as feeder ear; The anode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 connects the base stage of NPN triode T1, and the emitter of NPN type triode T1 connects the emitter of NPN type triode T2, and the collector electrode of NPN type triode T1 is drawn as the first output.
7. according to current rectifying and wave filtering circuit according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described voltage detecting and controling circuit, comprise resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, electric capacity C3, diode D5, voltage stabilizing didoe D6, pressurizer IC1, NPN type triode T1, wherein, the anode of diode D5 draws the input anode as voltage detecting and controling circuit, one end of the negative electrode contact resistance R1 of diode D5, connect one end of electric capacity C3 simultaneously, one end of the other end contact resistance R2 of resistance R1, its tie point connects the reference edge R of pressurizer IC1 simultaneously, the other end of the anode A contact resistance R2 of pressurizer IC1, connect the other end of electric capacity C3 simultaneously, the input negative terminal of tie point coating-forming voltage detection control circuit, one end of the negative electrode K contact resistance R3 of pressurizer IC1, its tie point connects the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 simultaneously, and the other end of resistance R3 is drawn as feeder ear, the anode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 connects the base stage of NPN triode T1, and the emitter of NPN type triode T1 connects the emitter of NPN type triode T2, and the collector electrode of NPN type triode T1 is as the first output.
8. according to current rectifying and wave filtering circuit according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described voltage detecting and controling circuit, comprise resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, electric capacity C3, diode D5, voltage stabilizing didoe D6, voltage stabilizing didoe D7, NPN type triode T1, NPN type triode T2, wherein, the anode of diode D5 is drawn as input anode; One end of the negative electrode contact resistance R1 of diode D5, connect one end of electric capacity C3 simultaneously, one end of the other end contact resistance R2 of resistance R1, its tie point connects the base stage of NPN type triode T2 simultaneously, the emitter of NPN type triode T2 connects the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe D7, the other end of resistance R2 is connected with the other end of electric capacity C3 and the anode of voltage stabilizing didoe D7 respectively, and meanwhile, the other end of resistance R2 is drawn and formed input negative terminal; The emitter of NPN type triode T2 is also connected with one end of resistance R4, one end of the collector electrode contact resistance R3 of NPN type triode T2, its tie point connects the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 simultaneously, the other end of resistance R3 is connected with the other end of resistance R4, and the other end of resistance R3 is drawn and formed feeder ear simultaneously; The anode of voltage stabilizing didoe D6 connects the base stage of NPN triode T1, and the emitter of NPN type triode T1 connects the anode of voltage stabilizing didoe D7, and the collector electrode of NPN type triode T1 is drawn as the first output.
9. according to current rectifying and wave filtering circuit according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the voltage detecting and controling circuit closing/disconnect also comprising control first switch, described first switch is closed type relay, described voltage detecting and controling circuit has input anode, input negative terminal, feeder ear and the first output, the input anode of voltage detecting and controling circuit is connected with one end of the first switch, input negative terminal is connected with the negative output terminal of bridge rectifier and one end of the first switch relay winding respectively, and the first output is connected with the other end of the first switch relay winding; Described voltage detecting and controling circuit, comprises resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, electric capacity C3, diode D5, pressurizer IC1, PNP type triode T4, and wherein, the anode of diode D5 is drawn as input anode; One end of the negative electrode contact resistance R1 of diode D5, connect one end of electric capacity C3 simultaneously, one end of the other end contact resistance R2 of resistance R1, its tie point connects the reference edge R of pressurizer IC1 simultaneously, the anode other end of contact resistance R2 and the other end of electric capacity C3 respectively of pressurizer IC1, the anode of pressurizer IC1 is drawn and is formed input negative terminal simultaneously; Negative electrode one end of contact resistance R3 and one end of resistance R4 respectively of pressurizer IC1, the other end of resistance R3 connects the emitter of PNP type triode T4, and the other end of resistance R3 is drawn and formed feeder ear simultaneously; The other end of resistance R4 is connected with the base stage of PNP type triode T4, and the collector electrode of PNP type triode T4 is drawn as the first output.
CN201510047823.4A 2015-01-29 2015-01-29 Rectification and filtering method and circuit Pending CN104682680A (en)

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CN108173299A (en) * 2016-12-07 2018-06-15 Tdk株式会社 Wireless receiving device and use its wireless power transmission device and rectifier
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CN107612371A (en) * 2017-09-19 2018-01-19 杭州欧佩捷科技有限公司 Full-bridge Capacitance Coupled inputs AC DC converters and its transform method
CN109980791A (en) * 2017-11-29 2019-07-05 Tdk株式会社 Wireless receiving device and the Wireless power transmission system for using it
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CN110690827A (en) * 2019-09-19 2020-01-14 江苏邦士医疗科技有限公司 Isolation type programmable automatic voltage doubling rectifying circuit
CN110690827B (en) * 2019-09-19 2021-02-02 江苏邦士医疗科技有限公司 Isolation type programmable automatic voltage doubling rectifying circuit
CN110912395A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-03-24 广东新昇电业科技股份有限公司 Circuit and method for improving power factor of power supply
CN111446872A (en) * 2020-04-01 2020-07-24 石家庄通合电子科技股份有限公司 Transformer transformation ratio adjustable wide-range constant power output switching circuit
CN111446872B (en) * 2020-04-01 2021-08-31 石家庄通合电子科技股份有限公司 Transformer transformation ratio adjustable wide-range constant power output switching circuit
CN112636583A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-09 深圳市奥达电源科技有限公司 Filter circuit and bridge rectifier circuit
TWI750012B (en) * 2021-01-20 2021-12-11 群光電能科技股份有限公司 Power supply device and voltage converting method
WO2023005504A1 (en) * 2021-07-30 2023-02-02 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Receiving circuit, chip, electronic device, charging system, and charging method
CN113595412A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-11-02 康佳集团股份有限公司 LLC circuit and switching power supply
CN113595412B (en) * 2021-08-27 2023-08-18 康佳集团股份有限公司 LLC circuit and switching power supply

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