CN104680894A - Two-dimensional horizontal projectile experiment instrument - Google Patents
Two-dimensional horizontal projectile experiment instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN104680894A CN104680894A CN201310631583.3A CN201310631583A CN104680894A CN 104680894 A CN104680894 A CN 104680894A CN 201310631583 A CN201310631583 A CN 201310631583A CN 104680894 A CN104680894 A CN 104680894A
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
- G09B23/10—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of solid bodies
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Abstract
The invention relates to a horizontal projectile experiment instrument for physics teaching. When a conventional instrument is used for doing an experiment, students cannot see a real-time trace curve of the horizontal projectile motion, which occurs in the moving process, of a small ball. The invention aims to solve the problem. The invention discloses an electronic sensing two-dimensional horizontal projectile experiment instrument which is formed by a mechanical part structure and an electronic circuit, wherein the mechanical part comprises a vertical main body supporting plate, a horizontally arranged base and a sliding guide rail positioned at one corner position of the top end of the main body supporting plate; an electromagnet is fixedly arranged on the sliding guide rail; the electromagnet is used for attracting or releasing the steel small ball. The electronic sensing two-dimensional horizontal projectile experiment instrument is characterized in that an infrared ray coordinate system is formed by interweaving perpendicular infrared rays. The circuit part comprises a singlechip at the core position; an external power supply, a power supply circuit, a transverse infrared receiving module, a longitudinal infrared receiving module, a longitudinal infrared transmitting module, a transverse infrared transmitting module, a storage module and computer software are arranged around the circuit part.
Description
[technical field] experiment instrument of flat throw movement is the experimental apparatus in Middle School Physics class, it measure bead from originating point to whole drop point or obtain vertical-horizontal two ball fouling point time value then prove " synthesis that level throw motion is the straight line uniform motion in horizontal direction and the movement of falling object on vertical direction " this conclusion by calculating.
[background technology] the object of the invention is to release a kind of two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument being furnished with new-type two-dimentional sensor-based system, it immediately can be presented at the level throw motion family curve of steel ball motion on the flat board of instrument when testing, and allows student directly see this level throw motion curve.And can prove that it meets the physical computing formula of level throw motion by calculating, and this steel ball move, the curve that obtains can be stored record and gets off, and to be provided as the use of experiment document, it can repeat display and printing.
Existing experiment instrument of flat throw movement is (as the patent No. is: 201110091662.0) its structure is somewhat close with the present invention substantially, but it measures the originating point of steel ball motion and whole drop point with sensor at a kind of needs, also need to participate in experiment with the second steel ball of a vertical drop, it is allowed to bump against with the first steel ball aloft, when these three points of acquisition, by measuring the starting of steel ball, bump against, time of drop point, distance, then prove that steel ball kinetic property meets the rule of level throw motion by computing method.But this experimental apparatus can not provide can the geometric locus of the complete level throw motion of bead motion seen to student of instant playback.If level throw motion curve must be obtained, by changing the differing heights of x horizontal ordinate moving up and down many times, the way of a lot of drop point can only be obtained, this various point connected into the way of line, time-consuming, effort.
[summary of the invention] 1, a kind of two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument, it is made up of mechanical part structure and electronic circuit two large divisions, mechanical part includes the body supports plate of vertical stand-up, horizontally disposed base, is positioned at the rail plate on Jiao Yu position, body supports plate top one, rail plate is fixed with an electromagnet, it, for holding or discharging steel bead, is characterized in that:
Mechanical part: be fixed with two infrared emission stripe board of vertically arranging face to face on the left side edge and right edge edge of body supports plate, and infrared receiver stripe board; And be respectively arranged with horizontally disposed infrared emission stripe board and infrared receiver stripe board at the edge, top of body supports plate and bottom side edge edge, they form an infrared-ray coordinate be interwoven by perpendicular infrared-ray, namely form the sensitive zones of dimension sensor; Horizontally disposed base is provided with red-black banana jack, 5v supply hub, the power switch of powering for electromagnet.
Its electronic circuit: include, occupy the single-chip microcomputer at core position, its peripheral circuit has external power supply, power circuit, horizontal infrared receiving module, longitudinal infrared receiving module, longitudinal infrared transmission module, horizontal infrared transmission module, memory module and computer software.
2, said vertical, horizontal infrared transmission module is exactly two blocks of infrared emission plates, circuit arrangement in these two pieces of stripe board is the same, first piece is the infrared emission stripe board of vertically arranging, it has 7 pieces of cascade chip 74HC595 and 54 infrared transmitting tube circuit and 4 pieces of 74HC14 signal shaping chips; And second piece is horizontally disposed infrared emission stripe board, it has 5 pieces of cascade chip 74HC595 chips and 4 pieces of 74HC14 signal shaping chips, and also have 40 infrared transmitting tube circuit.
3, described vertical, horizontal infrared receiving module is exactly two blocks of infrared receiver plates, circuit arrangement in these two pieces of stripe board is the same, first piece is the infrared receiver stripe board of vertically arranging, it has 7 pieces of cascade chip 74HC595 and 54 infrared receiving tube circuit and 3 pieces of 74HC14 signal shaping chips; And the infrared receiver stripe board that second piece is transverse horizontal and arranges, it has 5 pieces of cascade chip 74HC595 chips and 3 pieces of 74HC14 signal shaping chips, and also have 40 infrared receiving tube circuit.
4, outside the main body of the instrument be made up of the body supports plate of vertical stand-up, horizontally disposed base, there is the master control borad box body for being electrically connected that is plug-in.
5, the box body of described electrical connection it be a plug-in square box body, it contains the singlechip chip controlling whole system and run, power input interface, power circuit, model is the memory module of AT24C02, with the USB interface of dataphone, with two interfaces of two pieces of infrared transmitting tube stripe board communication and, with two interfaces of two pieces of infrared receiving tube stripe board communication and.
6, said power circuit is DC voltage converting circuit, and D1 chip is DC-DC conversion chip, and it is the DC-DC conversion chip DC voltage of 5v being converted to the DC voltage of 3.3v, and model is AS1117-3.3v.
7, said single-chip microcomputer is C8051F380 chip.
8, the 74HC14 chip of said signal transformation circuit is not circuit.
9, the interface on said external master control borad has P1, P2 and P3, P4 tetra-, and wherein interface P1 and P2 of master control borad connects with interface P67, P65 of the infrared receiver plate being numbered 28; Interface P3, P4 of master control borad then connect with interface P67, P68 of the infrared emission plate being numbered 38.The interface P68 of 28 infrared receiver plates connects with the interface P65 of the infrared receiver plate being numbered 38; The interface P66 being numbered the infrared emission plate of 38 connects with the interface P67 of the infrared emission plate being numbered 28.
10, said external master control board box it contains power input interface, power circuit, model is the memory module of AT24C02, with the USB interface of dataphone, with two interfaces of two pieces of infrared transmitting tube stripe board communication, and with two interfaces of two pieces of infrared receiving tube stripe board communication, and control the singlechip chip that whole system runs.
11, said apparatus subject base is provided with four horizontal adjustment knob and a level meter, for the levelness of adjusting base.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the system chart of the circuit of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the external power interface of the system of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the DC-DC power source circuit of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the pinout figure of the single-chip microcomputer of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the single-chip microcomputer crystal oscillating circuit of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the single-chip microcomputer burning interface of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the memory module circuit diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is 2 connecting interfaces of embodiment of the present invention master control borad and two infrared emission plates.
Fig. 9 is 2 connecting interfaces of embodiment of the present invention master control borad and two infrared receiver plates.
Figure 10 is left side, the upper inlet interface of infrared emission plate in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the infrared transmitter of infrared transmitting tube in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the 74HC14 chip in the embodiment of the present invention with signal shaping function.
Figure 13 is on the left of embodiment of the present invention infrared emission plate, upside subtending port, for connecting the corresponding interface on next block plank.
Figure 14 be the embodiment of the present invention infrared receiver plate on the downside of, right hand inlet port interface.
Figure 15 is the infrared receiving tube infrared signal receiving circuit of the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 16 is embodiment of the present invention cascade chip 74HC595 data output signal. pinouts.
Figure 17 is embodiment of the present invention infrared receiver plate shaping circuit.
Figure 18 is subtending port and right side subtending port on the downside of embodiment of the present invention infrared receiver plate.
Figure 19 is that embodiment of the present invention master control borad connects computer interfaceJi Suanjijiekou.
Figure 20 is the interface connection layout of the circuit on embodiment of the present invention master control borad and apparatus subject.
Figure 21 is the mechanical solid figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 22 is the rear perspective view of the machine drawing of the embodiment of the present invention.
[embodiment]
Two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument of the present invention comprises machinery and electronics two parts composition.Integral support also has an external box body outward.Electrical circuit arrangement of the present invention is as follows: the central core part of circuit is single-chip microcomputer, and its model is C8051F380, and peripheral circuit has DC-DC power source circuit, memory module, horizontal infrared transmitting circuit module, horizontal infrared receiving module, longitudinal infrared transmission module, longitudinal infrared receiving module.It is this that to form by longitudinal infrared emission the electronic sensor coordinate system that horizontal X axial coordinate that vertical Y-axis coordinate is made up of horizontal infrared transmitting circuit module and receiver module formed with receiver module be exactly principal feature of the present invention.The main contents that this electronic sensor coordinate system is formed are the structure of electronic circuit.First introduce electronic circuitry part below, mechanical part leans backward introduction.
Fig. 1 is the system chart of two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument circuit: it includes the singlechip chip 4 occupying core position, and its peripheral circuit has external power supply 1, power circuit 2, horizontal infrared receiving module 5, longitudinal infrared receiving module 7, longitudinal infrared transmission module 9, horizontal infrared transmission module 8, memory module 6 and computer software 3.
Fig. 2 is the power supply connector 10 that Fig. 1 Circuits System is always schemed to be connected with external power supply, and the 5v power supply of external direct current is used to as two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument provides power supply.
Fig. 3 is DC-DC power source circuit: the function of this circuit is that the direct current 5v Power convert of external power supply is become the 3.3v direct supply that single-chip microcomputer 4 powers.The model of D1 chip 11 is AS1117-3.3v is DC-DC conversion chips, and it is converted to the DC voltage of 3.3v the DC voltage of 5v.
Fig. 4 is the pinout figure of single-chip microcomputer 4.
Single-chip microcomputer pinout is as follows:
SCL, SDA: storage chip control signal.
595EN, C_595EN:74HC595 chip chip selection signal.
SFT_CLK, C_SFT_CLK:74HC595 chip shift clock signal.
LCH_CLK, C_LCH_CLK:74HC595 chip signal clock signal.
DAT, C_DAT:74HC595 chip data input signal.
SIG_OUT, SIG_OUT_2: infrared receiver bus signals.
USB_D+, USB_D-: single-chip microcomputer USB interface data line, connect computer USB interface.
RST, P20 monolithic processor resetting signal and burning program control line.
XTAL1, XTAL2 crystal oscillation signal inputs.
Fig. 5 is single-chip microcomputer crystal oscillating circuit.The XTAL1 of Y1 crystal oscillator element 12, XTAL2 are connected respectively to the XTAL1 of single-chip microcomputer 4 in this circuit arrangement, on XTAL2 pin.XTAL1, XTAL2 provide the oscillation frequency of 12MHz for single-chip microcomputer 4.
Fig. 6 is single-chip microcomputer burning interface 13, and its RST, P20 two signal wires are the RST connecting single-chip microcomputer 4, P20 pin.
Fig. 7 is memory module circuit diagram, and SCL, SDA two signal wires are connected to the SCL of single-chip microcomputer 4, SDA pin.U1 unit chip 14 is models is AT24C02 integrated package, and it is the integrated package of EEPROM character, and it is for storage system experimental data.
Fig. 8 is 2 connecting interfaces of master control borad and infrared emission plate.Signal C_595EN in P3 interface 15, C_SFT_CLK, C_LCH_CLK, C_DAT, be connected respectively to the C_595EN in single-chip microcomputer 4, C_SFT_CLK, C_LCH_CLK, C_DAT pin.Signal 595EN in P4 interface 16, SFT_CLK, LCH_CLK, DAT connect the 595EN of single-chip microcomputer 4 respectively, SFT_CLK, LCH_CLK, DAT pin.
Fig. 9 is 2 connecting interfaces of master control borad and infrared receiver plate.Signal C_595EN in P1 interface 17 in Fig. 9, C_SFT_CLK, C_LCH_CLK, C_DAT, SIG_OUT_2 are connected respectively to the C_595EN of single-chip microcomputer 4, C_SFT_CLK, C_LCH_CLK, C_DAT, SIG_OUT_2 pin.Signal 595EN in P2 interface 18, SFT_CLK, LCH_CLK, DAT, SIG_OUT connect the 595EN of single-chip microcomputer 4 respectively, SFT_CLK, LCH_CLK, DAT, SIG_OUT pin.
Figure 10 is the ingress interface of the infrared emission plate in the embodiment of the present invention.The 595EN of the 74HC595 chip of U1 unit 21 in Figure 11 that in P67 interface 19,595EN, SFT_CLK, LCH_CLK, DAT are connected respectively on expelling plate, SFT_CLK, LCH_CLK, DAT pin.In P68 interface 20,595EN_2, SFT_CLK_2, LCH_CLK_2, DAT_2 are connected respectively to the 595EN_2 of the 74HC14 of the U11 unit 27 in Figure 12, the DAT_2 pin of the 74HC14 chip of SFT_CLK_2, LCH_CLK_2, U12 unit 28.
Figure 11 is infrared transmitting tube radiating circuit.Infrared emission plate has two pieces, and the circuit arrangement in these two pieces of stripe board is the same.First piece is the infrared emission stripe board 49 of vertically arranging, it has 7 pieces of 74HC595 cascade chips and 54 infrared transmitting tube circuit and 4 pieces of 74HC14 signal shaping chips.And second piece is horizontally disposed infrared emission stripe board 50, it has 5 pieces of 74HC595 chips and 4 pieces of 74HC14 signal shaping chips, and also have 40 infrared transmitting tube circuit.
In the circuit, each block 74HC595 chip is connected with eight groups of line units be made up of triode, resistance, infrared transmitting tube, this Circuit display be exactly such situation.Infrared emission stripe board 49 has 7 74HC595 chips; And infrared emission stripe board 50 has 5 74HC595 chips.
595EN on chip 74HC595, SFT_CLK, LCH_CLK, DAT are connected respectively to signal 595EN in the P67 interface 19 in Figure 10 in infrared emission tube inlet, SFT_CLK, LCH_CLK, DAT.
LED1 on the 74HC595 of chip U1 unit 21, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, LED7, LED8 connect the resistance R5 of infrared transmitting tube circuit respectively, R6, R13, R14, R7, R8, R15, R16.This circuit diagram is the part in integrated circuit in many analogous circuits.
In upside infrared transmitting tube circuit board 50, there are 5 74HC595 chips, 40 infrared transmitting tube circuit.7 74HC595 chips are had, 54 infrared transmitting tube circuit in left side infrared transmitting tube circuit board 49.
By signal control line SFT_CLK, LCH_CLK, 595EN, DAT control chip 74HC595 chip 21, make LED1 export low and high level and complete control to infrared transmitting tube 23, LED2, LED3, LED4 by that analogy, LED5, LED6, LED7, LED8 control corresponding analogous circuit block separately respectively.
The collector of Q1 triode 22 is connected to 5V power supply by resistance R1, and when LED1 high level, Q1 triode 22 conducting, now infrared transmitting tube P1 interface 23 is luminous.When LED1 low level, Q1 triode 22 ends, and now infrared transmitting tube P1 interface 23 extinguishes.By that analogy, signal LED2 control interface P2, LED3 control interface P3, LED4 control interface P4, LED5 control interface P5, LED6 control interface P6, LED7 control interface P7, LED8 control interface P8.Signal SDO1 in the 74HC595 of chip 21, is used for the input end SDO1 of next block of cascade 74HC595 chip 24.
Figure 12 is the 74HC14 chip circuit in infrared emission plate with signal shaping function.
Each own four signal transformation circuit chip 74HC14 in infrared emission stripe board 28 and infrared emission stripe board 38.
Wherein: 595EN in the 74HC14 of U2 unit 25, LCH_CLK, SFT_CLK, DAT_2 in the 74HC14 of U12 unit 28, SFT_CLK_2 in the 74HC14 of U11 unit 27, LCH_CLK_2,595EN_2 connect the respective pins in infrared transmitting tube input P67 interface 19, the P68 interface 20 in Figure 10 respectively.
The SDOUT pin of the 74HC14 of U4 unit 26 connects the SDOUT pin in the 74HC595 of U5 unit 39 in Figure 16.
Signal C_595EN in U2 unit 25, C_LCH_CLK, C_SFT_CLK, signal SFT_CLK_2OUT, LCH_CLK2OUT in signal C_SDOUT, U11 unit 27 in U4 unit 26, C_595EN in the P65 interface 29 that in 595EN_2OUT, U12 unit 28, DAT_2OUT is connected respectively on Figure 13 infrared emission subtending port, C_LCH_CLK, C_SFT_CLK, C_SDOUT signal, SFT_CLK2OUT, LCH_CLK_2OUT in P66 interface 30,595EN_2OUT, DAT_2OUT.
The work of infrared emission partitioned signal shaping circuit is as follows: Tu12Zhong,
Input signal SFT_CLK is through 1 pin input of the 74HC14 chip 25 of U2 unit, through 2 pin of the output of the not circuit of the 74HC14 chip 25 of U2 unit, connect 74HC14 chip 25 input end 3 pin of U2 unit, again through the not circuit of the 74HC14 chip 25 of U2 unit, output signal C_SFT_CLK is the not circuit that input signal SFT_CLK have passed through the 74HC14 chip 25 of twice U2 unit, still keeps the level signal of original signal SFT_CLK.
By that analogy, input signal 595EN, through twice signal transformation circuit 74HC14 chip 25, outputs signal as C_595EN.Input signal LCH_CLK, through the 74HC14 chip 25 of twice signal transformation circuit, outputs signal as C_LCH_CLK.Input signal SDOUT, through the 74HC14 chip 26 of twice signal shaping U4 unit, outputs signal as C_SDOUT.Input signal SFT_CLK_2, through the 74HC14 chip 27 of twice signal reshape unit U11, outputs signal as SFT_CLK_2OUT.Input signal LCH_CLK_2 through twice signal reshape unit U11,74HC14 chip 27, output signal as LCH_CLK_2OUT.Input signal 595EN_2 outputs signal as 595EN_2OUT through the 74HC14 chip 27 of twice signal shaping chip U11.Input signal DAT_2, through the 74HC14 chip 28 of twice signal reshape unit U12, outputs signal as DAT_2OUT.
Figure 13 is upside subtending port on the left of infrared emission plate, for connecting the corresponding interface on next block plank.C_595EN, C_SFT_CLK, C_LCH_CLK, C_SDOUT in P65 interface 29, in P66 interface 30,595EN_2OUT, SFT_CLK_2OUT, LCH_CLK_2OUT, DAT_2OUT connect U2 unit 25 in Figure 12 respectively, the respective pins of 74HC14 such as U4 unit 26, U11 unit 27, U12 unit 28 grade.
Figure 14 is on the downside of infrared receiver plate, right hand inlet port interface.Signal 595EN in P65 interface 31, SFT_CLK, LCH_CLK, DAT connect the respective pins of the 74HC595 chip of U1 unit 33 in Figure 15 respectively, and SIG_OUT is that the signal of each independent infrared receiving tube of its connection of bus signals on the downside of infrared receiver exports.In P67 interface 32, C_595EN, C_SFT_CLK, C_LCH_CLK, C_DAT connect U13 unit 40, U10 unit 41, U12 unit 42 in Figure 17 respectively, the signal transformation circuit respective pins such as chip 74HC14.SIG_OUT_2 is the respective pins that on the right side of infrared receiver plate, bus connects U12 unit 42 chip 74HC14 in Figure 17.
Figure 15 is infrared receiving tube circuit.
Infrared receiver plate has two pieces, and the circuit arrangement in these two pieces of stripe board is the same.First piece is the infrared receiver stripe board 51 of vertically arranging, it has 7 pieces of 74HC595 chips and 54 infrared receiving tube circuit and 3 pieces of 74HC14 signal shaping chips.And second piece is horizontally disposed infrared receiver stripe board 52, it has 5 pieces of 74HC595 chips and 3 pieces of 74HC14 signal shaping chips, and also have 40 infrared receiving tube circuit.
LED1 on 74HC595 chip, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, LED7, LED8 connect diode D9 respectively, D10, D11, D12, D7, D8, D21, D22.The 595EN of the 74HC595 chip of U1 unit 33, SFT_CLK, LCH_CLK, DAT connect the respective pins of the P65 interface 31 in Figure 14 respectively.This circuit diagram is a part for integrated circuit, in the infrared receiving tube circuit board of downside, has 5 74HC595 chips, so there are 5 similar portion in circuit.
7 74HC595 chips are had, 54 infrared receiving tube circuit in right side infrared receiving tube circuit board 51.In Figure 15, by signal control line SFT_CLK, LCH_CLK, 595EN, DAT, control chip 74HC595 chip 33, makes LED1, and LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, LED7, LED8 export low and high level.Infrared receiver triode P3 interface 34 is connected to 5V by resistance R17, and when there being Infrared irradiation to infrared receiver triode P3 interface 34, the conducting of infrared receiver triode P3 interface 34, D3 diode 36 negative signal is low level.If when now the negative signal LED1 of D9 diode 35 is high level, D3 diode 36 just very low level, now Q3 triode 37 ends, and collector contact resistance R3 to the 5V of Q3 triode 37, output bus SIG_OUT is high level.When steel ball 54 when testing rolls, when it constantly can block the infrared light in coordinate system, infrared receiver triode P3 interface 34 ends, D3 diode 36 negative signal is high level, if when now the negative signal LED1 of D9 diode 35 is high level, D3 diode 36 just very high level, now Q3 triode 37 conducting, collector contact resistance R3 to the 5V of Q3 triode 37, output bus SIG_OUT is low level.If the negative signal LED1 of D9 diode 35 is that low level Shi Jici road infrared receiver triode does not have selected in addition, D3 diode 36 just very low level, Q3 triode 37 ends, and output bus SIG_OUT is high level.The output signal of other infrared receiver transistor circuit is all connected on signal bus SIG_OUT by that analogy, and by the selection of signal, and the low and high level in bus judges whether certain infrared receiving tube has object to block.Signal SDO1 on 74HC595 chip 33 is connected on the signal input SDO1 on 74HC595 chip 38.
Figure 16 is cascade chip 74HC595 data output signal.
Represent cascade chip 74HC595 digital signal cascaded-output signal total in infrared emission plate and infrared receiver plate.
In figure, SDOUT is connected to the respective pins of the 74HC14 chip of U4 unit 26 in Figure 12 in infrared emission plate.
In figure, SDOUT is connected to the respective pins of the 74HC14 chip of U12 unit 42 in Figure 17 in infrared receiver plate.
Figure 17 is infrared receiver partitioned signal shaping circuit,
C_595EN in 74HC14 in U13 unit 40, C_SFT_CLK, C_LCH_CLK, 595EN, SFT_CLK, LCH_CLK in U10 (41), C_DAT in U12 (42), SIG_OUT, SIG_OUT_2 connect the respective pins of infrared receiver plate P65 interface 31, infrared receiver plate P67 interface 32 respectively.The SDOUT of the 74HC14 chip of U12 unit 42 is connected to the SDOUT pin of the 74HC595 chip of U5 unit 39 in Figure 16.The base signal R_SIG_OUT of Q65 triode 43, the base signal R_SIG_OUT_2 of Q66 triode 44 is connected respectively to R_SIG in the 74HC14 chip of the respective pins U12 unit 42 of P68 interface 46 subtending port in infrared receiver plate Figure 18, R_SIG2 is connected to the emitter of Q65 triode 31, Q67 triode 32.
The work of infrared receiver partitioned signal shaping circuit is as follows: Tu17Zhong, input signal C_SFT_CLK is through 1 pin input of the 74HC14 chip 40 of U13 unit, through the not circuit of the 74HC14 chip 40 of U13 unit, 2 pin exported connect 74HC14 chip 40 input end 3 pin of U13 unit, again through the not circuit of the 74HC14 chip 40 of U13 unit, output signal R_SFT_CLK is the not circuit that input signal C_SFT_CLK have passed through the 74HC14 chip 40 of twice U13 unit, still keeps the level signal of original signal C_SFT_CLK.
By that analogy, input signal C_LCH_CLK, through the 74HC14 chip 40 of twice U13 unit, output signal R_LCH_CLK_2.Input signal C_595EN, through the 74HC14 chip 40 of twice U13 unit, output signal R_595EN_2.Input signal SFT_CLK, through the 74HC14 chip 41 of twice U10 unit, output signal R_SFT_CLK.Input signal LCH_CLK, through the 74HC14 chip 41 of twice U10 unit, output signal R_LCH_CLK.Input signal 595EN, through the 74HC14 chip 41 of twice U10 unit, output signal R_595EN.Input signal SDOUT, through the 74HC14 chip 42 of twice U12 unit, output signal R_SDOUT.Input signal C_DAT, through the 74HC14 chip 42 of twice U12 unit, output signal R_DAT2.When bus signals R_SIG_OUT high level, Q65 triode 43 conducting, signal R_SIG2 is low level, and R_SIG2 connects 11 pin inputs of 74HC14 chip 42, and through behind the door non-, output signal SIG_OUT is high level.During bus signals R_SIG_OUT low level, Q65 triode 43 ends, and signal R_SIG2 is high level, and R_SIG2 connects 11 pin inputs of 74HC14 chip 42, and through behind the door non-, output signal SIG_OUT is low level.Initialize signal R_SIG_OUT is consistent with output signal SIG_OUT level.By that analogy, input bus signal R_SIG_OUT_2, after signal transformation circuit, outputs signal as SIG_OUT_2.
Figure 18 is connector and right side asynchronous interface on the downside of infrared receiver plate.Wherein signal R_595EN in P66 interface 45, R_SFT_CLK, R_LCH_CLK, R_SDOUT, the R_595EN_2 of P68 interface 46, R_SFT_CLK_2, R_LCH_CLK_2, R_DAT2 is connected respectively to the respective pins of the 74HC14 chip of U13 unit 40, U10 unit 41, U12 unit 42 in Figure 17.R_SIG_OUT, R_SIG_OUT_2 are connected respectively to the R268 of signal transformation circuit, and R270 holds.
Figure 19 is single-chip microcomputer 4 and computer connecting interface.J2 interface 47 is used for connecting the pin of single-chip microcomputer 4 and computer USB signaling interface.
Figure 20 is the connection layout with the circuit interface on the master control borad of apparatus subject tap and apparatus subject.Interface on sensor master control board box 48 has P1, P2 and P3, P4 tetra-, and wherein interface P1 and P2 of sensor master control board box 48 is that interface P67, P65 of the infrared receiver plate 52 being 28 connects with specification; Interface P3, P4 of sensor master control board box 48 are then that interface P67, P68 of the infrared emission plate 49 of 38 connects with specification.The interface P68 of 28 infrared receiver plates 52 is that the interface P65 of the infrared receiver plate 51 being 38 connects with specification; The interface P67 of specification to be the interface P66 of the infrared emission plate 49 of 38 the be infrared emission plate 50 with specification being 28 connects.
Specification be 28 expelling plate 50 on mainly contain 40 infrared transmitting tubes, 5 74HC595 chips, 4 74HC14 chips.
Specification be 28 dash receiver 52 on mainly contain 40 infrared receiving tubes, 5 74HC595 chips, 3 74HC14 chips.
Specification be 38 expelling plate 49 on mainly contain 54 infrared transmitting tubes, 7 74HC595 chips, 4 74HC14 chips.
Specification be 38 dash receiver 51 on mainly contain 54 infrared receiving tubes, 7 74HC595 chips, 3 74HC14 chips.
Physical construction of the present invention is as follows:
Shown in Figure 21, two-dimentional experiment instrument of flat throw movement of the present invention, includes the body supports plate 53 of vertical stand-up, horizontally disposed base 54, be positioned on the rail plate 55 on Jiao Yu position, body supports plate 53 top one and be fixed with an electromagnet 56, it is for holding or discharging steel bead 57.The left side edge and right edge edge of body supports plate 53 are fixed with face to face two infrared emission stripe board 49 and infrared receiver stripe board 51 of vertically arranging.And be respectively arranged with horizontally disposed infrared emission stripe board 50 and infrared receiver plate 52 at the edge, top of body supports plate 53 and bottom side edge edge.
Upper infrared emission stripe board 50 is fixed with 40 infrared emission tubes, has 5 control chip 74HC595 gate circuit integrated packages; Left infrared emission plate 49 is fixed with 54 infrared emission tubes and 7 74HC595 gate circuit integrated packages, also with the 74HC14 gate circuit integrated package of signal shaping function.
Lower infrared receiver stripe board 52 is then fixed with 40 infrared receiving tubes respectively, 5 74HC595 gate circuit integrated packages; Right infrared receiver stripe board 51 is furnished with 54 infrared receiving tubes and 7 74HC595 gate circuit integrated packages.They have 1 infrared sigout bus accepting circuit, also with the 74HC14 gate circuit integrated package of signal shaping function.
The vertical direction that infrared emission plate 50 on residence sends infrared ray down by under infrared receiver plate 52 receive; The level infrared light that sends of infrared emission plate 49 in left side receive by the infrared receiver plate 51 on right side, like this, just on body supports plate 53, they form an infrared-ray coordinate be interwoven by perpendicular infrared-ray, namely form the sensitive zones of dimension sensor.The steel ball 57 be in during experiment in level throw motion forms visual level throw motion curve by means of this coordinate system.This is a main feature of the present invention.
Figure 22 shows the red-black banana jack 59 and a power switch 62 that to be provided with on the rear side facade of base 54 and to power into electromagnet 56, and 5 volts of direct current jacks 58 are for power supply.On base 54, four corners are provided with the spinning roller 60 that four regulate levelness.Base 54 is furnished with the level meter 61 regulated, because in use, base 54 must keep level, and body supports plate 53 then palpus keeps vertical.
There is a sensor master control board box 48, it is a plug-in square box body, it contains, power input interface 10, power circuit 11, model is the memory module 14 of AT24C02, with the USB interface 47 of dataphone, with two interfaces 15 and 16 (see Fig. 8) of two pieces of infrared transmitting tube stripe board communication, with two interfaces 17 and 18 (see Fig. 9) of two pieces of infrared receiving tube stripe board communication, its model of singlechip chip 4 controlling whole system operation is C8051F380.
When testing, computer be thrown instrument be connected by USB interface 47 and two dimension of the present invention are flat.Open the corresponding experimental arrangement in computer, click the button starting data acquisition in software, start the overall process noting down experiment.That is, manual operation electromagnet 56 discharges steel ball 57, and when bead passes through the sensitive zones of dimension sensor, its movement locus is just noted down automatically.Analyze the track data noted down, the motion demonstrating vertical direction meets the characteristics of motion of freely falling body, and the motion of horizontal direction meets the rule of linear uniform motion.
Total interface complete list in instructions embodiment:
Fig. 2 J3---10 power supply connector
Fig. 6 J1---13 single-chip microcomputer burning interface
Figure 19 J2---47 single-chip microcomputer and computer connecting interface
Fig. 8 P3 is interface 15 P4 is interface 16
Fig. 9 P1 is interface 17 P2 is interface 18
Figure 10 P67 is interface 19 P68 is interface 20
Figure 13 P65 is interface 29 P66 is interface 30
Figure 14 P65 is interface 31 P67 is interface 32
Figure 18 P66 is interface 45 P68 is interface 46
The invention protection domain of two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument of the present invention is not by the restriction of the size in length and breadth of embodiment electronic sensor coordinate, if occur only the size of coordinate being in length and breadth changed, that is, the number of the power valve be attached in infrared emission stripe board and infrared receiver stripe board and receiving tube is increased and decreased to reach the length size changing coordinate surface; Or external sensor master control board box 48 is cancelled, the electronic circuit in it is transplanted to any other position in main body, such change still belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument, it is made up of mechanical part structure and electronic circuit two large divisions, mechanical part includes the body supports plate (53) of vertical stand-up, horizontally disposed base (54), be positioned at the rail plate (55) on Jiao Yu position, body supports plate (53) top one, rail plate (55) is fixed with an electromagnet (56) for holding or discharge steel bead (57), it is characterized in that:
Mechanical part: the infrared emission stripe board (49) and infrared receiver stripe board (51) of vertically arranging along two that are above fixed with face to face in left side edge and the right edge of body supports plate (53); And be respectively arranged with horizontally disposed infrared emission stripe board (49) and infrared receiver stripe board (51) at the edge, top of body supports plate (53) and bottom side edge edge, the sensitive zones that they form an infrared-ray coordinate be interwoven by perpendicular infrared-ray, form dimension sensor; Horizontally disposed base (54) there are power switch (62) and connector;
Its electronic circuit: include, occupy the single-chip microcomputer (4) at core position, its peripheral circuit has external power supply (1), power circuit (2), horizontal infrared receiving module (5), longitudinal infrared receiving module (7), longitudinal infrared transmission module (9), horizontal infrared transmission module (8), memory module (6) and computer software (3).
2. two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: said vertical, horizontal infrared transmission module is exactly two blocks of infrared emission plates, circuit arrangement in these two pieces of stripe board is the same, first piece is the infrared emission stripe board (49) of vertically arranging, it has 7 pieces of cascade chip 74HC595 chips and 54 infrared transmitting tube circuit and 4 pieces of 74HC14 digital signal shaping chips; And second piece is horizontally disposed infrared emission stripe board (50), it has 5 pieces of cascade chip 74HC595 chips and 4 pieces of 74HC14 digital signal shaping chips, and also have 40 infrared transmitting tube circuit.
3. two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vertical, horizontal infrared receiving module is exactly two blocks of infrared receiver plates, circuit arrangement in these two pieces of stripe board is the same, first piece is the infrared receiver stripe board (51) of vertically arranging, it has 7 pieces of cascade chip 74HC595 and 54 infrared receiving tube circuit and 3 pieces of 74HC14 digital signal shaping chips; And the infrared receiver stripe board (52) that second piece is transverse horizontal and arranges, it has 5 pieces of 74HC595 chips and 3 pieces of 74HC14 digital signal shaping chips, and also have 40 infrared receiving tube circuit.
4. two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: outside the main body of the instrument be made up of the body supports plate (53) of vertical stand-up, horizontally disposed base (54), have the box body for being electrically connected that plug-in.
5. two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: the box body of described electrical connection it be a plug-in square box body (48), it contains the singlechip chip (4) controlling whole system and run, power input interface (10), power circuit (11), model is the memory module (14) of AT24C02, with the USB interface (47) of dataphone, with two interfaces (15) and (16) of two pieces of infrared transmitting tube stripe board communication, with two interfaces (17) and (18) of two pieces of infrared receiving tube stripe board communication.
6. two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: said power circuit (2) is DC voltage converting circuit, D1 chip (11) is DC-DC conversion chip, it is the DC-DC conversion chip DC voltage of 5v being converted to the DC voltage of 3.3v, model is AS1117-3.3v, base (54) is also provided with red-black banana jack (59), 5v supply hub (58).
7. two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: said single-chip microcomputer (4) is C8051F380 chip.
8. two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the 74HC14 chip 40 of said shaping circuit is not circuit.
9. the two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument as described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that: the interface on said external master control borad 48 has P1, P2 and P3, P4 tetra-, wherein interface P1 and P2 of master control borad 48 is that interface P67, P65 of the infrared receiver plate 52 being 28 connects with specification; Interface P3, P4 of master control borad 48 are then that interface P67, P68 of the infrared emission plate 49 of 38 connects with specification.The interface P68 of 28 infrared receiver plates 52 is that the interface P65 of the infrared receiver plate 51 being 38 connects with specification; The interface P67 of specification to be the interface P66 of the infrared emission plate 49 of 38 the be infrared emission plate 50 with specification being 28 connects.
10. the two-dimentional flat parabolic experimental instrument as described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that: said external master control board box (48) it contains the singlechip chip (4) controlling whole system and run, power input interface (10), power circuit (11), model is the memory module (14) of AT24C02, with the USB interface (47) of dataphone, with two interfaces (15) and (16) of two pieces of infrared transmitting tube stripe board communication, with two interfaces (17) and (18) of two pieces of infrared receiving tube stripe board communication.
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| CN201310631583.3A CN104680894A (en) | 2013-12-02 | 2013-12-02 | Two-dimensional horizontal projectile experiment instrument |
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| CN201310631583.3A CN104680894A (en) | 2013-12-02 | 2013-12-02 | Two-dimensional horizontal projectile experiment instrument |
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| CN105845000A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-08-10 | 山东省远大网络多媒体股份有限公司 | Electromagnetic positioning device |
| CN108230840A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-06-29 | 黄汇彤 | Based on Physical Experiment level throw motion test device and test method |
| CN108376497A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-07 | 宁佐贝 | A kind of physics teaching paraboloid motion demonstrating device |
| CN108766136A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-06 | 蚌埠科睿达机械设计有限公司 | A kind of physical motion teaching demonstration device |
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