CN104668597B - Surface coated cutting tool with excellent chip resistance - Google Patents

Surface coated cutting tool with excellent chip resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104668597B
CN104668597B CN201410602401.4A CN201410602401A CN104668597B CN 104668597 B CN104668597 B CN 104668597B CN 201410602401 A CN201410602401 A CN 201410602401A CN 104668597 B CN104668597 B CN 104668597B
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Prior art keywords
coating layer
layers
recess portion
hard coating
tool
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CN201410602401.4A
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CN104668597A (en
Inventor
佐藤峻
仙北屋和明
高桥正训
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Priority claimed from JP2014218934A external-priority patent/JP6459391B2/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
    • B23B2224/24—Titanium aluminium nitride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23B2226/12—Boron nitride
    • B23B2226/125—Boron nitride cubic [CBN]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23B2228/32—Explosive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23C2226/12—Boron nitride
    • B23C2226/125—Boron nitride cubic [CBN]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23C2228/10—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23C2228/49—Sintered

Abstract

It is even if being not easy to that crushing knife occurs when using in requiring the high-speed cutting processing of glass hard steel of high load capacity machining condition and maintain the cBN sintered material cutting tools of excellent cutting ability for a long time the issue of the present invention is to provide a kind of surface coated cutting tool with excellent chip resistance.In the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention, hard coating layer is made of the A layers and B layers formed thereon for being formed in tool substrate surface, and A layers of the group becomes Ti1‑ aAlaN, wherein 0.3≤a≤0.7, B layers of the group become Ti1‑b‑cAlbSicN, wherein 0.3≤b≤0.7,0.01≤c≤0.1, on the surface of the cubic boron nitride particle contacted with hard coating layer there are dome shape recess portion, thus solve the above subject in the flank of the tool base.

Description

Surface coated cutting tool with excellent chip resistance
Technical field
Has the surface-coated cutting tool of excellent wearability the present invention relates to a kind of hard coating layer, further in detail It is related to a kind of being not easy to occur crushing knife and long-term in the high-speed cutting processing of the glass hard steels such as hardened steel when using for even if Show the surface-coated cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as coating tool) of excellent cutting ability.
Background technology
In general, coating tool has the turnery processing and slabbing in workpiece such as various steel and cast irons detachable in processing Ground is installed on the front end of lathe tool and the blade used, the drill bit that is used in drilling machining of workpiece etc. or small-sized brill The slotting cutter etc. of head and the monoblock type used in the building up by welding processing of workpiece and groove processing, step processing etc., and Know the blade type slotting cutter etc. for having and being detachably equipped with blade and being carried out similarly machining with monoblock type slotting cutter.
The present invention relates to a kind of by cubic boron nitride (using cBN to indicate below) as principal component, and by it in superelevation The cBN sintered material cutting tools being molded with are sintered under pressure, high temperature, even if more particularly to a kind of by steel alloy, bearing Also it can inhibit the generation of crushing knife and defect in the high-speed cutting processing for the glass hard steel that the hardened steel such as steel are constituted, and can be The cBN sintered material cutting tools of excellent cutting ability are maintained in long-time service.
In the past, as the cutting element of glass hard steel, it is known to using cBN sintered bodies as tool base and in the tool base The cBN sintered body coating tools of hard coating layer are formed on body, and various schemes are proposed for the purpose of improving life tools.
For example, disclosing following coating tool in patent document 1, that is, by combining the sintering mutually constituted with hard phase to close Gold tool base surface be formed with selected from IV B of periodic table, V B, VI B races element, the carbide of Al, Si, nitride and it At least one of mutual solid solution hard coating layer, wherein when observing the section structure of coating tool, in tool The combination phase of matrix is formed with convex combination phase at least part at the interface of hard coating layer, to fracture resistance and resistance to collapses Knife is excellent, and stable processing can be also carried out for a long time for the harsh machining condition of high speed, high feed speed.
Also, it is disclosed in patent document 2 and has tool base and the hard coating layer that is formed in the tool base Coating tool, wherein tool base includes hard particles and makes the combination phase of hard particles combination, is contacted with hard coating layer Hard particles be formed with bumps on the surface of the side contacted with hard coating layer, before with comprising relative to coating tool The plane of the normal of knife face is cut on section when coating tool, and the surface of the rake face side of tool base is being located at and hard The surface of the side of clad contact, length be surface roughness R in 50 μm of rake face side group directrixZ, sIt is 1 μm or more 30 μm hereinafter, the flank side of tool base surface the surface positioned at the side contacted with envelope, length be 50 μm Surface roughness R in flank side group directrixZ, nFor 0.5 μm or more 5 μm hereinafter, and RZ, sMore than RZ, n, it is hereby achieved that Tool base and the adhesiveness of hard coating layer remain good and machined surface excellent quality coating tool.
Patent document 1：Japanese Patent Publication 2007-31779 bulletins
Patent document 2：Japanese Patent Publication 2012-157915 bulletins
Invention disclosed in Patent Document 1 above-mentioned in the combination phase of tool base and the interface of hard coating layer by setting Convex combination phase is set, also, in patent document 2, it is concave-convex by being formed on the hard particles of tool base, thus play respectively Anchoring effect improves the adhesion strength of tool substrate surface and hard coating layer.Using cBN sintered bodies as the cladding of tool base In tool, in the further high-speed cutting of the hard-cutting materials such as hardened steel, need to further increase cBN particles and hard cladding The adhesion strength of layer, but as previous it is known that indicating the intensity that can cause tool base if increasing the bumps on cBN particle surfaces The project of decline.
Invention content
Therefore, even if i.e. the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind requiring high bear for technical task to be solved by this invention It is not easy to that crushing knife occurs when using in the high-speed cutting processing of the glass hard steels such as the hardened steel of lotus machining condition and remains excellent for a long time The cBN sintered material cutting tools of different cutting ability.
The inventors of the present invention in order to solve the above problems, are conceived to the table for being present in the tool base being made of cBN sintered bodies The shape of cBN particles on face, has made intensive studies, and as a result obtains following opinion.
(1) when by cBN particles and including the nitridation of nitride, carbide, carbonitride, boride and Al selected from Ti When the combination of more than at least one of object, oxide particle and inevitable impurity mutually constitutes cBN sintered bodies, in tool base When forming the TiAlN layers of composition requirement on body, formed in conjunction in phase raw particles Ti ingredients or Al ingredients formed at TiAlN layers Diffuse in the process in TiAlN layers, be thus easy the stress difference generated with TiAlN layer of interface in sintered body and thermal conductivity is poor must To mitigation, therefore TiAlN layers of adhesiveness and peel resistance are improved.
(2) the TiAlN layers of Ti ingredients by being used as its constituent, it can be ensured that excellent intensity and toughness, Al have Improve high temperature hardness and heat resistance effect, at the same time contain Al and Ti in the state of have further increase high temperature oxidative resistance Effect.It is high rigidity, and can be by being formed in by cBN sintered body structures in addition, due to rock-salt type crystal structure At tool base on improve wearability.
(3) on the other hand, TiAlSiN layers containing Si ingredients in TiAlN layers described by further increasing heat resistance. Due to oxidation starting temperature is higher and high temperature oxidative resistance is higher, especially cutting when for high temperature this high-speed cutting when Wearability be improved.
(4) film forming of the TiAlN layers of composition requirement is carried out in the tool base being made of cBN sintered bodies, and on it The TiAlSiN layers of composition requirement are laminated, are thus played a role as adhesion layer for TiAlN layers, tool substrate surface is coated with hard The adhesiveness of layer is improved, by forming three-dimensional bumps, Neng Gouyou on the cBN particle surfaces that tool substrate surface is exposed Effect ground increases the area that cBN particles are contacted with hard coating layer.
(5) concaveconvex shape on cBN particle surfaces is formed in by control, under the intensity that cBN particles itself will not be caused Drop, and the surface area of cBN particles can be increased, as a result, it is possible to improve adhesiveness and tool base with hard coating layer simultaneously The intensity of body itself.
Based on above-mentioned opinion, the inventors of the present invention by repeating many experiments and cutting test, successfully produce even if It is not easy to that crushing knife and defect, stripping occurs when being applied to use in the high-speed cutting of the glass hard steel of point of a knife in high load capacity and high temperature And the cutting element that the working durability is longer.
The present invention is completed based on the studies above result, with following feature.
(1) a kind of surface-coated cutting tool, in the point of a knife for being at least used in cutting by cubic boron nitride sintered compact structure At tool base on to be coated with averagely total thickness be 2.0~8.0 μm of hard coating layer, wherein
The cubic boron nitride sintered compact is mutually made of cubic boron nitride particle with combination, and the combination includes mutually choosing From more than at least one of the nitride of the nitride of Ti, carbide, carbonitride, boride and Al, oxide and not Evitable impurity,
The average grain diameter of the cubic boron nitride particle be 0.5~4.0 μm and it is whole relative to sintered body containing than Example is 40~70 volume %,
The hard coating layer is made of the A layers and B layers formed thereon for being formed in tool substrate surface,
A layers of the group becomes Ti1-aAlaN (wherein, 0.3≤a≤0.7),
B layers of the group becomes Ti1-b-cAlbSicN (wherein, 0.3≤b≤0.7,0.01≤c≤0.1),
In the flank of the tool base, deposited on the surface of the cubic boron nitride particle contacted with hard coating layer In dome shape recess portion.
(2) surface-coated cutting tool described in (1), wherein
It is present in for the dome shape recess portion on the surface of the cubic boron nitride particle, the width L of the recess portion is 0.1 ~1.0 μm, depth D is 0.01~0.1 μm, also, the value of the ratio between width L and depth D L/D are 2 or more, in addition, the recess portion Curvature is 0.1~2 μm-1Below.
(3) surface-coated cutting tool described in (2), wherein relative to cube contacted with hard coating layer The surface area of the surface area of crystalline boron nitride particle, the dome shape recess portion for being present in the surface of the cubic crystal boron carbide particle occupies 20~75 area %.
Here, the structure of the present invention is described in more detail.
(a) average grain diameter of the cBN particles in sintered body：
Fine hard cBN particles are dispersed in cBN sintered bodies, thus, it is possible to inhibit in tool use with tool base The cBN particles in body surface face fall off and the generation of crushing knife that the concaveconvex shape of point of a knife that generates is starting point.Even if the reason is that work The cBN particles of tool matrix surface fall off, and since the particle is specified particle size minuteness particle below, will not become and induce The larger concaveconvex shape of crushing knife.
Also, the fine cBN particles in sintered body play dispersion and alleviate in tool using middle because being applied to answering for point of a knife The propagation of power and the slave cBN particles that generate and the crackle extended in conjunction with the crackle that extends of interface of phase or the rupture of cBN particles Effect, therefore excellent fracture resistance can be played.
However, if average grain diameter is less than 0.5 μm, the cBN as hard particles is unable to give full play because excessive fine The function of particle.On the other hand, if more than 4.0 μm, the concaveconvex shape that cBN particles are formed in when falling off on matrix becomes larger, because This is possible to the crushing knife for inducing matrix in tool use.
Therefore, the average grain diameter of cBN particles is set to 0.5~4.0 μm.
Here, for the average grain diameter of cBN particles, by image procossing, selects and pass through scanning electron microscope (Scanning Electron Microscopy：SEM) section structure of made cBN sintered bodies is observed and is obtained Secondary electron image in cBN particle fractions, the maximum length of each cBN particles is found out by image analysis, as each The diameter of cBN particles, and the average value of the diameter of cBN particles in 1 image is found out, it is flat by being found out at least three image The average average grain diameter [μm] as cBN of mean value.Viewing area for image procossing determines by carrying out preliminary observation, But it is 0.5~4.0 μm in view of the average grain diameter of cBN particles, is preferably set to the field of view of 15 μm or so of 15 μ m.
(b) volume ratio of the cBN particles in cBN sintered bodies：
When cBN particles content ratio shared in cBN sintered bodies is less than 40 volume %, the hardness of matter in sintered body Less, the hardness of cBN sintered bodies declines, therefore wearability declines.On the other hand, it if more than 70 volume %, is not filled in conjunction with phase Point, therefore the gap as crackle starting point is generated in sintered body, to which fracture resistance declines.Therefore, in order to further play this Effect caused by invention, cBN particles content ratio shared in cBN sintered bodies are preferably located at the model of 40~70 volume % It encloses.
Here, for the assay method of cBN particles content ratio (volume %) shared in cBN sintered bodies, pass through Image procossing selects the cBN in secondary electron image obtained from being observed the section structure of cBN sintered bodies as SEM Particle fraction, by image analysis calculation in viewing area cBN particles relative to shared in the entire area of cBN sintered bodies Area handles at least three image, using the average value of calculated value as the content ratio (volume %) of cBN particles.In view of The average grain diameter of cBN particles is 0.5~4.0 μm, and the viewing area for image procossing is preferably located at 15 μm or so of 15 μ m Field of view.
(c) average total thickness of hard coating layer：
With regard to the present invention hard coating layer for, hard coating layer have at least by tool base lower layer A and The laminar structure that upper layer B formed thereon is constituted, lower layer A is by Ti1-aAlaThe component system of N is constituted, upper layer B By Ti1-x-yAlxSiyThe component system of N is constituted.The hard coating layer is by being used as Ti included in the TiAlN layers of lower layer A Ingredient ensures that excellent intensity and toughness, Al improve high temperature hardness and heat resistance, and at the same time containing in the state of Al and Ti Have the function of further increasing high temperature oxidative resistance, also, due to being high rigidity and energy with rock-salt type crystal structure It is enough to improve wearability by being formed in tool base.
Also, contain Si ingredients in TiAlN layers described as the TiAlSiN of upper layer B layers, thus heat resistance is further It is improved, and oxidation starting temperature is higher and high temperature oxidative resistance is higher, therefore is especially this height of high temperature in cutting Wearability when speed cutting is improved.
Especially when averagely total thickness is 2.0~8.0 μm, its effect can be significantly played.The reason is that when average total layer When thickness is less than 2.0 μm, compared with tool substrate surface roughness, the thickness of hard coating layer is relatively thin, therefore can not make for a long time Wearability is substantially ensured in.On the other hand, if its average total thickness is more than 8.0 μm, the composite nitrogen of hard coating layer is constituted The crystal grain of compound is easy coarsening, to be easy to happen crushing knife.Therefore, total thickness that is averaged is set to 2.0~8.0 μm.
Here, for average total thickness of hard coating layer, by image procossing, select through SEM pairs and hard packet Hard coating layer part in secondary electron image obtained from the vertical section of the tool substrate surface of coating is observed, leads to It crosses image analysis and the thickness of hard coating layer is found out to 5 positions in image, and find out its average value and be used as averagely total layer It is thick.As the viewing area for image procossing, average total thickness in view of the hard coating layer expected is 2.0~8.0 μm, It is preferably set to the field of view of 15 μm or so of 15 μ m.
(d) the lower layer A of hard coating layer is constituted：
For lower layer A, content ratio a (wherein, a is atomic ratio) shared in the total amount of Ti and Al Al meets 0.3≤a≤0.7。
When the content of Al ingredients is less than 0.3, high temperature hardness and heat resistance can not be fully improved by containing Al ingredients, To cannot get desirable performance.If also, the content of Al ingredients is more than 0.7.Then it is unable to maintain that rock-salt type crystal for TiAlN layers Structure, hardness extremely decline, therefore not preferably.
(e) the upper layer B of hard coating layer is constituted：
For upper layer B, (wherein, b, c are content ratio b, c Al and Si shared in the total amount of Ti, Al, Si Atomic ratio) meet 0.3≤b≤0.7,0.01≤c≤0.1 respectively.
When satisfying the condition, the Ti of upper layer B is constituted1-b-cAlbSicN layers play desirable oxidative resistance, Yi Ji To play higher wearability when this high-speed cutting of high temperature when cutting.
It on the other hand, can not be hard to improve high temperature by containing Al ingredients when the content ratio b of Al ingredients is less than 0.3 Degree and heat resistance, to cannot get desirable performance.If also, the content ratio b of Al ingredients is more than 0.7, AlTiSiN layers It is unable to maintain that rock-salt type crystal structure, hardness extremely decline, therefore not preferably.When the content ratio c of Si ingredients is less than 0.01, Desirable wearability can not be played, if more than 0.1, the strain of lattice becomes larger, and fracture resistance declines, therefore not preferably.
(f) surface shape of the cBN particles contacted with hard coating layer：
In general, the surface shape of the cBN particles contacted with the hard coating layer in the present invention can be with the granulation in cBN particles The recess portion formed in the process is different, has dome shape recess portion.Here, dome shape recess portion is set as recessed on being formed in cBN particles The line for the protrusion and protrusion that connection clips recess area can be made to be similar to circular arc and curvature can be found out in the cross sectional shape in portion Shape.It is concave-convex by being arranged on cBN particles, the surface area contacted with epithelium can be increased, it is another to improve adhesion strength Aspect, if there is excessive bumps, power concentrates on recess portion when cutting, and not only cBN particles are more easily damaged, but also on matrix surface Epithelium dispersibility it is impaired, cannot get desirable adhesiveness.By being dome shape by the shape control of recess portion, recess portion is prevented As the destruction starting point of cBN particles, and then the dispersibility of epithelium will not be damaged, so as to increase epithelium and particle contact Surface area.
The shape of the recess portion is determined by implementing surface observation after membrane removal.Specifically, by using focused ion Beam (Focused Ion Beam：FIB epithelium is pruned in processing), until thickness becomes 0.1 μm or so, thereafter, passes through etching Membrane removal is carried out, and uses atomic force microscope (Atomic Force Microscope：AFM the shape of cBN particle surfaces) is measured Shape.
When determining the shape of recess portion by method as described above, in the present invention, coated with hard as being formed in The preferable shape of dome shape recess portion on the surface of the cBN particles of layer contact, preferable width are 0.1~1.0 μm, depth 0.01 ~0.1 μm, and width is set as L, depth is set as L >=2D when D, in the cross sectional shape of recess portion, recess area will be clipped The curvature of a curve of protrusion and protrusion into joining line is 0.1~2 μm-1Below.If it is more than 2 μm that width, which is less than 0.1 μm or curvature,-1, Then power is easy to concentrate on recess portion, and the intensity of matrix declines.If depth is more than 0.1 μm, cBN particles are substantially pruned, therefore base The intensity of body declines.If width is more than 1.0 μm, either depth is less than 0.01 μm or curvature is less than 0.1 μm-1, then it is unable to fully add The surface area that big cBN particles are contacted with epithelium, to cannot get the improvement effect of desirable adhesiveness.In addition, if L ＜ 2D can not make the line for the protrusion and protrusion that connection clips recess area be similar to circular arc then in the cross sectional shape of recess portion, can not Find out it is above-mentioned shown in curvature.
In addition, table of the above-mentioned dome shape recess portion more preferably relative to the cubic boron nitride particle contacted with hard coating layer Area occupies 20~75 area % in terms of area ratio.If this is because being less than 20 area %, what the presence of recess portion was brought carries The effect of high adhesion strength is not necessarily abundant, and if more than 75 area %, recess portion can be connected each other, it is difficult to control the shape of recess portion Shape can reduce the surface area that hard coating layer is contacted with cBN instead.
Specific assay method is as follows for recess shapes.As shown in figure 5, surrounding the protrusion (sides b in the regions each recess portion a in connection Portion of boundary) on 2 points line segment in, using the maximum line segment of length as the width c of recess portion.Determine line segment determining herein, with And the maximum line segment d of length in the line segment of 2 points in orthogonal with the line segment, connection same recess boundary portion, from matrix The intersection point of the line segment c and line segment d of the observation of normal to a surface direction are set as the depth e of recess portion to the length of the sagging vertical line of recess portion. Then, two circles are calculated respectively, one of circle is by the endpoint of the line segment e of fixed recess depths and fixed recessed The circle of these three points of the two-end-point of the line segment c of portion's width, other in which circle are the line segment e by fixed recess depths The circle of these three points of the two-end-point of the maximum line segment d of length in endpoint and the line segment orthogonal with fixed recess width line segment, And by the cross sectional shape for the recess portion that tool substrate surface is contacted with hard coating layer be approximately two orthogonal circular arcs, calculating has The radius f and g of the circle of these circular arcs.Also, it, respectively will be each using the inverse of the length of round radius f and g as the curvature of recess portion From the average value of curvature as its recess portion curvature, wherein circle herein is exactly to have to tool substrate surface and hard coating layer The cross sectional shape of the recess portion of contact carries out the circle of circular arc obtained from approximation.
By above step, width, depth, curvature are found out to multiple recess portions, and will be averaged and be obtained to these values Shape of the value as the dome shape recess portion on the surface for the cBN particles for being formed in inventive article.In view of being averaged for cBN particles Grain size is 0.5~4.0 μm, and mensuration region is preferably set to the field of view of 15 μm or so of 15 μ m, to being formed in mensuration region CBN particles on all recess portions be measured.Also, to the surface area of recess portion relative to cube contacted with hard coating layer Area ratio shared by the surface area of crystalline boron nitride particle, also in same measured region each cBN particles and recess portion measure Surface area, by averagely being calculated to them.
The tool that point of a knife of the coating tool of the present invention at least being used to cut is made of cubic boron nitride sintered compact The hard coating layer that averagely total thickness is 2.0~8.0 μm is coated on matrix, the cubic boron nitride sintered compact is by cubic crystal Boron nitride particles and comprising selected from Ti nitride, carbide, carbonitride, the nitride of boride and Al, in oxide At least one above and inevitably impurity combination is mutually constituted, and the average grain diameter of the cubic boron nitride particle is 0.5 ~4.0 μm and relative to the content ratio of sintered body entirety be 40~70 volume %, the hard coating layer is by being formed in tool A layers and B layers of composition formed thereon, A layers of the group on matrix surface become Ti1-aAlaN (wherein, 0.3≤a≤ 0.7), B layers of the group becomes Ti1-b-cAlbSicN (wherein, 0.3≤b≤0.7,0.01≤c≤0.1), in the tool base In the flank of body, on the surface of the cubic boron nitride particle contacted with hard coating layer, there are dome shape recess portion, the present invention By this distinctive structure, following distinctive effect is played, even if the hardened steel in the machining condition for requiring high load capacity is contour In use, being not easy to that crushing knife occurs in the high-speed cutting processing of hardness steel, and excellent cutting ability is maintained for a long time.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the section generalized schematics of the hard coating layer of the cutting element of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the outline of the arc ion plating apparatus of the hard coating layer for the cutting element for forming the present invention to be deposited Figure, (a) indicate front view, (b) indicate side view.
(a) of Fig. 3 indicates the cross-sectional image of tool base and hard coating layer based on SEM of the cutting element of the present invention Schematic diagram (b) indicates the enlarged diagram near cBN particle surfaces.
Fig. 4 is the definition graph to being present in the recess portion on the surface of cBN particles, and (a) indicates the cBN grains for being present in the present invention A kind of schematic diagram of mode of dome shape recess portion on the surface of son (b) indicates to be present on the surface of the cBN particles of the present invention Dome shape recess portion another way schematic diagram, (c) indicate do not have the present invention dome shape recess portion cBN particles surface Schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 indicates the definition graph for being present in the assay method of the shape of the recess portion of cBN particle surfaces.
Specific implementation mode
Then, the coating tool of the present invention is specifically described by embodiment.
[embodiment]
The formation process of tool base：
As raw material powder, it is former as hard phase formation to prepare the cBN particles with 0.5~4.0 μm of average grain diameter Feed powder end, and prepare to all have TiN powder, TiC powder, TiCN powder, the Al of the average grain diameter in 0.3~0.9 μ m Powder, AlN powder and Al2O3Powder, which is used as, combines mutually formation raw material powder.
The content ratio of cBN particles becomes when being set as 100 volume % with the total amount of wherein several raw material powders and cBN powder The mode of 40~70 volume %, is coordinated with match ratio shown in table 1.
Then, using ball mill by the raw material powder wet mixed 72 hours, after drying, with the molding pressure of 100MPa Power punch forming is diameter：50mm × thickness：The size of 1.5mm, then, by the formed body in pressure：1Pa vacuum gas below The set point of temperature within the scope of 900~1300 DEG C is remained in atmosphere and is pre-sintered, and thereafter, is fitted into ultra-high pressure sintering device, In pressure：5GPa, temperature：It is sintered under set point of temperature within the scope of 1200~1400 DEG C, thus makes cBN sintered bodies.
Using spark coil cutting processor, which is cut into predetermined size, use have in terms of quality % by Cu：26%, Ti：5%, Ag：The Ag brazing filler metals for the composition that remainder is constituted, to Co：5 mass %, TaC：5 mass %, WC：The soldering of the WC carbide-based vane bodies of the composition of remainder and the blade shapes of iso standard CNGA120408 Portion (corner) is brazed, and implements the grinding of upper and lower surface and periphery, cutting edge reconditioning processing, is thus produced and is marked with ISO The tool base 1~6 of the present invention of the blade shapes of quasi- CNGA120408.
Also, it will be as at least one in the average grain diameter of the cBN particles of raw material powder and the content ratio of cBN particles Side is located at except aforementioned range, thus produces the tool base 7~12 compared.
It the results are shown in table 1.
[table 1]
Molding procedure：
Using arc ion plating apparatus as shown in Figure 2, the tool base 1~6 made by foregoing sequence is formed hard Matter clad.
(a) ultrasonic cleaning is carried out to tool base 1~6 in acetone, and with dry state, from arc ion plating The central shaft on turntable in device is separated by along radial direction on the position of predetermined distance, is installed along peripheral part.Also, As cathode electrode (evaporation source), the Ti-Al alloys and Ti-Al-Si alloys of composition requirement are configured.
(b) first, 10 are remained to being exhausted in device-2Pa vacuum below, while utilizing heater by device It is inside heated to after 500 DEG C, is set as the Ar gas atmosphere of 0.5~2.0Pa, also, for one side rotation one on the turntable The tool base of side rotation applies the DC offset voltage of -400~-1000V, as a result, by argon ion to tool substrate surface Carry out 5~30 minutes bombardment processings.
(c) then, the DC offset voltage setting for Ar atmospheric pressures being set as 2.0~6.0Pa, being applied to tool base For -200~-600V, and carry out 20~120 minutes bombardment processings.
(d) then, the regulation reaction atmosphere that 2~10Pa is set as the nitrogen of reaction gas is imported in the device, and And the tool base for being rotated while rotation on the turntable applies the regulation DC offset voltage of -25~100V, Also, the rated current of 90~200A is made to flow through the cathode electrode (evaporation source) and anode electrode being made of the Ti-Al alloys Between and generate arc discharge, thus be deposited to form goal average composition and mesh shown in table 2 on the surface of the tool base N layers of (Ti, the Al) of mark average layer thickness.
(e) then, the regulation reaction gas that 2~10Pa is equally set as the nitrogen of reaction gas is imported in the device Atmosphere, and the tool base for being rotated while rotation on the turntable applies the regulation direct current biasing of -25~100V Voltage, also, make the rated current of 90~200A flow through the cathode electrode (evaporation source) that is made of the Ti-Al-Si alloys with Arc discharge is generated between anode electrode, is thus deposited that form target shown in table 2 average on the surface of the tool base N layers of (Ti, Al, the Si) of composition and target average layer thickness.
By the process of (a)~(e) as described above, cutting element of the present invention 1~6 shown in FIG. 1 is produced.
When tools matrix, surface is ground by periphery grinding, cutting edge reconditioning processing etc., is thus preferentially gone Except the smaller combination phase of hardness, cBN particles is made to expose on surface.In addition, such as (b)~(c), banged by implementing before film forming Processing is hit, the shape of the recess portion of the cBN particle surfaces exposed on surface can be controlled.
The recess portion of the cBN particle surfaces contacted with hard coating layer by it is above-mentioned based on the bombardment processing of argon ion come shape At.The shape of recess portion is controlled by being combined with mechanical lapping processing when tools matrix.That is, due to overshooting shape part It is easy to be shaved, therefore the shape of recess portion is controlled by implementing bombardment processing using the grinding marks on cBN particles as starting point. In the bombardment processing for comparing low pressure and high biasing, argon ion strong impaction cBN particles, therefore can preferentially increase the depth of recess portion Degree.On the other hand, in relatively high pressure and the bombardment processing of low biasing, the power of the shock cBN particles of argon ion is relatively small, because This can preferentially prune overshooting shape part, widen the width of recess portion, be smaller by curvature control.It is controlled by combining these operations The shape of recess portion processed.To tool base carry out it is as above processing after, with composition requirement, is constituted progress hard coating layer at Thus film obtains the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention.
In order to compare, for tool base 7~12, the process of (b)~(c) in the process of such as above-mentioned (a)~(e) In, Ar atmospheric pressures are set as 0.5~6.0Pa, the DC offset voltage of tool base is set as the range of -100~-1000V And bombardment processing is carried out with single condition, it thus produces and compares cutting element 1~6.It the results are shown in table 3.
Use focused ion beam (Focused Ion Beam:FIB), to cutting element 1~6 of the present invention, compare skiver The cutting edge reconditioning face of tool 1~6 carries out section processing, forms the section vertical with point of a knife crest line, and micro- by scanning electron Mirror (Scanning Electron Microscopy：SEM) pair cross-section tissue is observed, and thus obtains secondary electron image.
Viewing area is 15 μm or so of 15 μ m, is set as the cBN particles being able to observe that in cBN sintered bodies and hard cladding The whole multiplying power of layer.
Using such as above-mentioned method, by the secondary electron image measure the average grain diameters of cBN particles, hard coating layer it is flat Equal thickness.
Also, by abovementioned steps, the cBN particle surfaces after membrane removal are observed by AFM, acquisition and hard coating layer The 3D shape of the recess portion of the cBN particle surfaces of contact.By obtained 3D shape, recess portion is calculated according to abovementioned steps The area ratio of shared recess portion in width and the surface area of depth, curvature and cBN particles.Moreover, find out measured it is recessed The width and depth in portion, the average value of curvature, and calculate mean breadth, mean depth, average curvature.
It the results are shown in table 2 and table 3.
In addition, showing tool base and hard coating layer the cutting based on SEM of cutting element of the present invention in (a) of Fig. 3 The schematic diagram of face image shows the enlarged diagram near cBN particle surfaces in (b).
Also, the case where recess portion on the surfaces cBN is determined as dome shape recess portion specified in the present invention is shown in FIG. 4 ((a), (b) of Fig. 4) and the cBN surface shapes of ((c) of Fig. 4) are shown the case where be determined as the recess shapes except the present invention It is intended to.
[table 2]
[table 3]
For cutting element 1~6 of the present invention and compare cutting element 1~6,
Machining condition A：
Workpiece：The pole of the carburizing and quenching material (HRC60) of chromium steel steel SCr420,
Cutting speed：250m/min.、
Cutting depth：0.2mm、
The amount of feeding：0.12mm、
Dry type continuous cutting and
Machining condition B：
Workpiece：The carburizing and quenching material (HRC60) of chrome-molybdenum steel steel SCM415 equally spaced has 4 to indulge in the longitudinal direction The pole of slot,
Cutting speed：150m/min.、
Cutting depth：0.2mm、
The amount of feeding：0.2mm、
Dry type interrupted cut
Machining condition under, maximum length of cut is set as 900m at machining condition A, is set as at machining condition B 1200m evaluates the length of cut of every 100m the crushing knife and tool flank wear of point of a knife.
It the results are shown in table 4.
[table 4]
※ indicates the working durability (sec) for reaching the cutting element of service life before reaching maximum length of cut.
It is cut in addition, measuring the present invention using SEM (range of the multiplying power from 5000 times to 200000 times is set as value appropriate) It cuts tool 1~6 and compares the TiAlN layers and TiAlSiN layers of thickness of the composition hard coating layer of cutting element 1~6, and survey Surely observe the thickness of 5 points in visual field and averagely find out average layer thickness, as a result show with shown in table 2 and table 3 The substantially the same average layer thickness of average layer thickness.Also, meanwhile by using the energy dispersion-type X-ray analytic approach of SEM (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy：EDS), measure cutting element 1~6 of the present invention and compare skiver The TiAlN layers and TiAlSiN layers of composition of the composition hard coating layer of tool 1~6, are as a result showed and mesh shown in table 2 and table 3 Mark composition essentially the same composition.
Shown in table 2 and table 4 result is clear that, since cutting element of the present invention is being contacted with hard coating layer There are dome shape recess portions on the surface of cBN particles, therefore even if requiring the glass hard steels such as the hardened steel of high load capacity machining condition In use, being not easy to that crushing knife occurs in high-speed cutting processing, and even if damage is not easy to extend in the case where crushing knife occurs, To maintain excellent cutting ability for a long time.Also, by the way that the width of recess portion, depth, curvature and area ratio are located at preferably Prescribed limit in, especially can also prevent crushing knife in the experiment of the interrupted cut of high load capacity, so as to through long-term dimension Hold excellent cutting ability.
On the other hand, the result shown in table 3 and table 4 is clear that, is compared cutting element and is contacted with hard coating layer The surfaces of cBN particles dome shape recess portion is not present, therefore hard coating layer is whole poor in terms of fracture resistance, wearability, Peeling-off, defect, crushing knife, to reach service life within a short period of time.
Industrial availability
Much less the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention is the machining under the usual machining condition of various steel etc. In, the high rate intermittent turning of the steel alloy of cutting edge portion, stainless steel etc. is exactly applied to high fever generation and larger load In processing, excellent fracture resistance and wearability are also played, to show excellent cutting ability for a long time, therefore can be very full The high performance of meaning ground reply cutting apparatus and the labor-saving and energy-saving, even cost effective of machining.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of surface-coated cutting tool, which is characterized in that
Averagely total layer is coated in the tool base that the point of a knife for being at least used in cutting is made of cubic boron nitride sintered compact The hard coating layer that thickness is 2.0~8.0 μm,
The cubic boron nitride sintered compact is mutually made of cubic boron nitride particle with combination, and the combination includes mutually to be selected from Ti Nitride, carbide, carbonitride, the nitride of boride and Al, one or more of oxide and inevitably Impurity,
The average grain diameter of the cubic boron nitride particle is 0.5~4.0 μm and the content ratio relative to sintered body entirety is 40~70 volume %,
The hard coating layer is made of the B layers for being formed in the A layers of tool substrate surface and being formed on A layers,
A layers of the group becomes Ti1-aAlaN, wherein 0.3≤a≤0.7,
B layers of the group becomes Ti1-b-cAlbSicN, wherein 0.3≤b≤0.7,0.01≤c≤0.1,
In the flank of the tool base, on the surface of the cubic boron nitride particle contacted with hard coating layer, there are balls Planar recess portion.
2. surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is present in for the dome shape recess portion of the cubic boron nitride particle surface, the width L of the recess portion is 0.1~1.0 μ M, depth D are 0.01~0.1 μm, also, the value of the ratio between width L and depth D L/D are 2 or more, in addition, the curvature of the recess portion is 0.1~2 μm-1Below.
3. surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
Relative to the surface area of the cubic boron nitride particle contacted with hard coating layer, it is present in the cubic crystal boron carbide grain The surface area of the dome shape recess portion on the surface of son occupies 20~75 area %.
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