CN104668597A - Surface coating cutting tool with excellent chipping resistance - Google Patents

Surface coating cutting tool with excellent chipping resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104668597A
CN104668597A CN201410602401.4A CN201410602401A CN104668597A CN 104668597 A CN104668597 A CN 104668597A CN 201410602401 A CN201410602401 A CN 201410602401A CN 104668597 A CN104668597 A CN 104668597A
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
recess
hard coating
coating layer
cutting
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CN201410602401.4A
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CN104668597B (en
Inventor
佐藤峻
仙北屋和明
高桥正训
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Priority claimed from JP2014218934A external-priority patent/JP6459391B2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
    • B23B2224/24—Titanium aluminium nitride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23B2226/12—Boron nitride
    • B23B2226/125—Boron nitride cubic [CBN]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23B2228/32—Explosive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23C2226/12—Boron nitride
    • B23C2226/125—Boron nitride cubic [CBN]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23C2228/10—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23C2228/49—Sintered

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a surface coating cutting tool with excellent chipping resistance. The tool is a cBN sintered body cutting tool which maintains long-term excellent cutting performance and will not break when cutting high-hardness steel that needs high load cutting conditions during a high-speed cutting process. A hard coating layer of the surface coating cutting tool is formed by an A layer formed on the surface of a tool base body and a B layer arranged thereon. The A layer contains Ti1-aA1aN, wherein 0.3<=a<=0.7. The B layer contains Ti1-b-cA1bSicN, wherein 0.3<=b<=0.7, and 0.01<=c<=0.1. On the back blade surface of the tool base body, spherical recesses are formed on surfaces of cubic boron nitride particles that contact the hard coating layer.

Description

The resistance to surface-coated cutting tool collapsing cutter excellence
Technical field
The present invention relates to the surface-coated cutting tool that a kind of hard coating layer possesses excellent wearability, also not easily collapse cutter when using in a kind of high-speed cutting at glass hard steels such as hardened steel processing and the surface-coated cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as coating tool) demonstrating the cutting ability of excellence for a long time even if further specifically relate to.
Background technology
Usually, the all-in-one-piece slotting cutter etc. that coating tool has the leading section being detachably installed on lathe tool in the turnery processing of the workpiece such as various steel and cast iron and slabbing processing and the blade used, the drill bit used in the boring machining etc. of workpiece or miniature bur and uses in the building up by welding processing and slot machining, step processing etc. of workpiece, and there will be a known and detachably blade is installed and the blade type slotting cutter etc. carrying out machining in the same manner as monoblock type slotting cutter.
The present invention relates to one using cubic boron nitride (representing with cBN below) as principal component, and it is carried out under super-pressure, high temperature the cBN sintered material cutting tool of sinter molding, even if particularly relate to the generation that also can suppress to collapse cutter and defect in a kind of high-speed cutting processing of the glass hard steel being made up of the hardened steel such as steel alloy, bearing steel, and the cBN sintered material cutting tool of excellent cutting ability can be maintained in Long-Time Service.
In the past, as the cutting element of glass hard steel, there will be a known and cBN sintered body is formed the cBN sintered body coating tool of hard coating layer as tool base in this tool base, and propose various scheme to improve for the purpose of life tools.
Such as, following coating tool is disclosed in patent document 1, namely, be formed on the surface of the tool base of the sintered alloy be made up of combination phase and hard phase and be selected from periodic table IV B, V B, VI B race element, Al, the carbide of Si, the hard coating layer of at least one in nitride and their mutual solid solution, wherein, when observing the section structure of coating tool, convex is formed with at least partially in conjunction with phase at the interface in conjunction with phase and hard coating layer of tool base, thus fracture resistance and the resistance to cutter that collapses excellent, for high speed, the harsh machining condition of high feed speed also can carry out stable processing for a long time.
And, the coating tool possessing tool base He be formed at the hard coating layer in this tool base is disclosed in patent document 2, wherein, tool base comprise hard particles and this hard particles is combined in conjunction with phase, the hard particles contacted with hard coating layer is formed concavo-convex on the surface of the side contacted with hard coating layer, on cross section when the plane of the normal to comprise the rake face relative to coating tool is to cut coating tool, the surface of the rake face side of tool base is on the surface being positioned at the side contacted with hard coating layer, length is the surface roughness R on the rake face side datum line of 50 μm z, sbe more than 1 μm less than 30 μm, the surface of the rear knife face side of tool base be positioned at the side contacted with tunicle surface, length is surface roughness R on the rear knife face side datum line of 50 μm z, nbe more than 0.5 μm less than 5 μm, and R z, sbe greater than R z, n, the adhesiveness that can obtain tool base and hard coating layer thus remains well and the coating tool of machined surface excellent quality.
Patent document 1: Japanese Patent Publication 2007-31779 publication
Patent document 2: Japanese Patent Publication 2012-157915 publication
Invent by arranging convex in conjunction with phase in conjunction with phase with the interface of hard coating layer in tool base disclosed in aforesaid patent document 1, and, in patent document 2, concavo-convex by being formed on the hard particles of tool base, play anchoring effect respectively thus, improve the adhesion of tool base surface and hard coating layer.Using cBN sintered body as in the coating tool of tool base, in the further high-speed cutting of the hard-cutting materials such as hardened steel, need the adhesion improving cBN particle and hard coating layer further, but as in the past known, that strengthens on cBN particle surface if indicate is concavo-convex, can cause the problem that the intensity of tool base declines.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, though technical task to be solved by this invention namely the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of require the high-speed cutting of the glass hard steels such as the hardened steel of high load capacity machining condition process in use time also not easily collapse cutter and the cBN sintered material cutting tool of the cutting ability of long term maintenance excellence.
The present inventor etc. are in order to solve above-mentioned problem, and be conceived to the shape of the cBN particle be present on the surface of the tool base be made up of cBN sintered body, conduct in-depth research, result obtains following opinion.
(1) when by cBN particle and comprise the nitride being selected from Ti, carbide, carbonitride, the nitride of boride and Al, when the combination of the particle more than at least one in oxide and inevitable impurity forms cBN sintered body mutually, when tool base is formed the TiAlN layer of composition requirement, formed and diffuse in TiAlN layer formation process in TiAlN layer in conjunction with the Ti composition in phase raw particles or Al composition, the easy stress difference that produces at the interface of sintered body and TiAlN layer and thermal conductance rate variance are relaxed thus, therefore the adhesiveness of TiAlN layer and peel resistance are improved.
(2) TiAlN layer is by the Ti composition as its constituent, can guarantee excellent intensity and toughness, and Al has the effect improving high temperature hardness and heat resistance, at the same time containing having the effect improving high temperature oxidative resistance further under the state of Al and Ti.In addition, owing to having rock-salt type crystal structure, be therefore high rigidity, and wearability can be improved by being formed in the tool base that is made up of cBN sintered body.
(3) on the other hand, TiAlSiN layer by becoming to assign to improve heat resistance further containing Si in described TiAlN layer.Because oxidation starting temperature is higher, high temperature oxidative resistance is higher, and wearability when being especially therefore this high-speed cutting of high temperature when cutting is improved.
(4) in the tool base be made up of cBN sintered body, carry out the film forming of the TiAlN layer of composition requirement, and the TiAlSiN layer of lamination composition requirement thereon, TiAlN layer plays a role as adhesion layer thus, tool base surface is improved with the adhesiveness of hard coating layer, by forming the concavo-convex of three-dimensional on the surperficial cBN particle surface exposed of tool base, the area that cBN particle contacts with hard coating layer effectively can be increased.
(5) by controlling the concaveconvex shape be formed on cBN particle surface, the intensity of cBN particle itself can not be caused to decline, and the surface area of cBN particle can be increased, its result, the intensity with the adhesiveness of hard coating layer and tool base itself can be improved simultaneously.
Based on above-mentioned opinion, the present inventor etc. by repeating many experiments and cutting test, even if successfully produce also not easily to collapse when high load capacity and high temperature put on and use in the high-speed cutting of the glass hard steel of point of a knife cutter and defect, stripping and the working durability longer cutting element.
The present invention completes based on above-mentioned result of study, and it has following feature.
(1) surface-coated cutting tool, is at least being used in the point of a knife of cutting by the tool base that cubic boron nitride sintered compact is formed being coated with the hard coating layer that average total thickness is 2.0 ~ 8.0 μm, wherein,
Described cubic boron nitride sintered compact is made up of with combination mutually cubic boron nitride particle, described combination comprises more than at least one in the nitride of nitride, carbide, carbonitride, boride and the Al being selected from Ti, oxide and inevitable impurity mutually
The average grain diameter of described cubic boron nitride particle be 0.5 ~ 4.0 μm and relative to sintered body entirety containing proportional be 40 ~ 70 volume %,
Described hard coating layer is made up of the A layer and B layer formed thereon being formed at tool base surface,
Described A layer consist of Ti 1-aal an (wherein, 0.3≤a≤0.7),
Described B layer consist of Ti 1-b-cal bsi cn (wherein, 0.3≤b≤0.7,0.01≤c≤0.1),
On the rear knife face of described tool base, there is dome shape recess on the surface of the cubic boron nitride particle contacted with hard coating layer.
(2) surface-coated cutting tool recorded in described (1), wherein,
With regard to being present in the dome shape recess on the surface of described cubic boron nitride particle, the width L of this recess is 0.1 ~ 1.0 μm, and degree of depth D is 0.01 ~ 0.1 μm, and, width L is more than 2 with the value of the ratio L/D of degree of depth D, and in addition, the curvature of this recess is 0.1 ~ 2 μm -1below.
(3) surface-coated cutting tool recorded in described (2), wherein, relative to the surface area of the cubic boron nitride particle contacted with hard coating layer, the surface area being present in the dome shape recess on the surface of described cubic crystal boron carbide particle occupies 20 ~ 75 area %.
At this, structure of the present invention is described in more detail.
The average grain diameter of the cBN particle in (a) sintered body:
In cBN sintered body, be dispersed with fine hard cBN particle, can suppress thus to come off with the cBN particle on tool base surface in instrument uses and the generation of collapsing cutter that the concaveconvex shape of point of a knife that produces is starting point.Its reason is, even if the cBN particle on tool base surface comes off, because this particle is the minuteness particle of below regulation particle diameter, therefore also can not become the larger concaveconvex shape bringing out and collapse cutter.
And, fine cBN particle in sintered body plays and disperses and the effect alleviated because of the propagation of the stress and crackle that crackle expand from cBN particle and the interface in conjunction with phase that produces or cBN particle break and expand that put on point of a knife in instrument uses, therefore, it is possible to the fracture resistance of performance excellence.
But, if average grain diameter is less than 0.5 μm, then cannot give full play to the function of the cBN particle as hard particles because of excessively fine.On the other hand, if more than 4.0 μm, then the concaveconvex shape be formed at when cBN particle comes off on matrix becomes large, and that in instrument uses, therefore likely brings out matrix collapses cutter.
Therefore, the average grain diameter of cBN particle is decided to be 0.5 ~ 4.0 μm.
At this, with regard to the average grain diameter of cBN particle, pass through image procossing, select and by scanning electron microscope (Scanning Electron Microscopy:SEM), the section structure of made cBN sintered body is observed and cBN particle fraction in the secondary electron image obtained, the maximum length of each cBN particle is obtained by graphical analysis, it can be used as the diameter of each cBN particle, and obtain the mean value of the diameter of the cBN particle in 1 image, using the average average grain diameter [μm] as cBN of mean value obtained at least 3 images.Viewing area for image procossing decides by carrying out preliminary observation, but in view of the average grain diameter of cBN particle be 0.5 ~ 4.0 μm, be preferably set to the field of view of 15 μm × about 15 μm.
The volume ratio of the cBN particle in (b) cBN sintered body:
When cBN particle in cBN sintered body shared containing proportional be less than 40 volume % time, the hardness of matter in sintered body is less, and the hardness of cBN sintered body declines, and therefore wearability declines.On the other hand, if more than 70 volume %, then combine mutually insufficient, therefore in sintered body, become the space of crackle starting point, thus fracture resistance declines.Therefore, in order to play the effect that the present invention produces further, cBN particle is shared containing the proportional scope being preferably located at 40 ~ 70 volume % in cBN sintered body.
At this, with regard to the assay method containing proportional (volume %) that cBN particle is shared in cBN sintered body, pass through image procossing, select and observed by the section structure of SEM to cBN sintered body and cBN particle fraction in the secondary electron image obtained, by image analysis calculation in viewing area cBN particle relative to area shared in the entire area of cBN sintered body, process at least 3 images, using the mean value of calculated value as cBN particle containing proportional (volume %).Average grain diameter in view of cBN particle is 0.5 ~ 4.0 μm, and the viewing area for image procossing is preferably located at the field of view of 15 μm × about 15 μm.
Average total thickness of (c) hard coating layer:
With regard to hard coating layer of the present invention, hard coating layer has the laminar structure be at least made up of the lower layer A on tool base and upper layer B formed thereon, and this lower layer A is by Ti 1-aal athe component system of N is formed, and this upper layer B is by Ti 1-x-yal xsi ythe component system of N is formed.This hard coating layer is by guaranteeing excellent intensity and toughness as the Ti composition comprised in the TiAlN layer of lower layer A, Al improves high temperature hardness and heat resistance, and at the same time containing having the effect improving high temperature oxidative resistance further under the state of Al and Ti, and, owing to having rock-salt type crystal structure, be therefore high rigidity and wearability can be improved by being formed in tool base.
And, TiAlSiN layer as upper layer B contains Si composition in described TiAlN layer, heat resistance is further enhanced thus, and oxidation starting temperature is higher and high temperature oxidative resistance is higher, and wearability when being especially therefore this high-speed cutting of high temperature when cutting is improved.
Especially, when average total thickness is 2.0 ~ 8.0 μm, its effect can significantly be played.Its reason is, when average total thickness is less than 2.0 μm, compared with tool base surface roughness, the thickness of hard coating layer is thinner, therefore in Long-Time Service, fully cannot guarantee wearability.On the other hand, if its average total thickness is more than 8.0 μm, then forms the easy coarsening of crystal grain of the complex nitride of hard coating layer, thus easily collapse cutter.Therefore, its average total thickness is decided to be 2.0 ~ 8.0 μm.
At this, with regard to average total thickness of hard coating layer, pass through image procossing, select and observed by the SEM pair of cross section vertical with the tool base of hard coating layer surface and hard coating layer part in the secondary electron image that obtains, by graphical analysis, a position, 5 in image is obtained to the thickness of hard coating layer, and obtain its mean value and be used as average total thickness.As the viewing area for image procossing, in view of average total thickness of expected hard coating layer is 2.0 ~ 8.0 μm, be preferably set to the field of view of 15 μm × about 15 μm.
D () forms the lower layer A of hard coating layer:
With regard to lower layer A, the contain proportional a (wherein, a be atomic ratio) of Al shared by the total amount of Ti and Al meets 0.3≤a≤0.7.
When the content of Al composition is less than 0.3, by becoming to assign to fully improve high temperature hardness and heat resistance containing Al, thus desired performance cannot be can not get.Further, if the content of Al composition is more than 0.7.Then TiAlN layer cannot maintain rock-salt type crystal structure, and hardness extremely declines, therefore not preferred.
E () forms the upper layer B of hard coating layer:
With regard to upper layer B, Al and Si contain proportional b, c (wherein, b, c are atomic ratio) shared by the total amount of Ti, Al, Si meet 0.3≤b≤0.7,0.01≤c≤0.1 respectively.
When satisfying the condition, the Ti of upper layer B is formed 1-b-cal bsi coxidative resistance desired by N layer plays and be this high-speed cutting of high temperature when cutting time play higher wearability.
On the other hand, when Al composition be less than 0.3 containing proportional b time, by becoming assign to improve high temperature hardness and heat resistance containing Al, thus desired performance cannot be can not get.Further, if Al composition containing proportional b more than 0.7, then AlTiSiN layer cannot maintain rock-salt type crystal structure, and hardness extremely declines, therefore not preferred.When Si composition be less than 0.01 containing proportional c time, cannot play desired wearability, if more than 0.1, then the strain of lattice becomes large, and fracture resistance declines, therefore not preferred.
The surface configuration of f cBN particle that () contacts with hard coating layer:
Usually, the surface configuration of the cBN particle contacted with the hard coating layer in the present invention can be different with the recess formed in the granulation process of cBN particle, have dome shape recess.At this, the line that dome shape recess is set to the protuberance and protuberance that link can be made to clip recess area in the cross sectional shape being formed at the recess on cBN particle is similar to circular arc and can obtains the shape of curvature.Concavo-convex by arranging on cBN particle, the surface area contacted with epithelium can be increased, thus raising adhesion, on the other hand, if have excessive concavo-convex, then when cutting, power concentrates on recess, and not only cBN particle is easily destroyed, and the dispersiveness of epithelium on matrix surface is impaired, can not get desired adhesiveness.By being dome shape by the shape controlling of recess, prevent recess from becoming the destruction starting point of cBN particle, and then the dispersiveness of epithelium also can not be impaired, thus the surface area that epithelium contacts with particle can be strengthened.
The shape of this recess by implementing surface observation to determine after membrane removal.Specifically, by using the processing of FIB (Focused Ion Beam:FIB), epithelium is pruned, until thickness becomes about 0.1 μm, thereafter, carry out membrane removal by etching, and use AFM (Atomic Force Microscope:AFM) to measure the shape of cBN particle surface.
When shape by method determination recess as above, in the present invention, as the preferable shape of the dome shape recess be formed on the surface of the cBN particle contacted with hard coating layer, preferable width is 0.1 ~ 1.0 μm, the degree of depth is 0.01 ~ 0.1 μm, and width is set to L, degree of depth L>=2D when being set to D, in the cross sectional shape of recess, the curvature of a curve protuberance and protuberance that clip recess area being carried out linking is 0.1 ~ 2 μm -1below.If width is less than 0.1 μm or curvature more than 2 μm -1, then power easily concentrates on recess, and the intensity of matrix declines.If the degree of depth is more than 0.1 μm, then cBN particle is significantly pruned, and therefore the intensity of matrix declines.If width is less than 0.01 μm more than 1.0 μm or the degree of depth or curvature is less than 0.1 μm -1, then fully cannot strengthen the surface area that cBN particle contacts with epithelium, thus can not get desired adhering raising effect.In addition, if L < is 2D, then in the cross sectional shape of recess, the line of the protuberance and protuberance that link cannot be made to clip recess area is similar to circular arc, cannot obtain above-mentioned shown curvature.
In addition, above-mentioned dome shape recess more preferably occupies 20 ~ 75 area % relative to the surface area of the cubic boron nitride particle contacted with hard coating layer in area ratio.This is because if be less than 20 area %, then the effect of raising adhesion brought of the existence of recess is not necessarily abundant, if and more than 75 area %, then recess can be connected each other, is difficult to the shape controlling recess, can reduces the surface area that hard coating layer contacts with cBN on the contrary.
The concrete assay method of recess shapes is as follows.As shown in Figure 5, in the line segment linking 2 points on the protuberance b (boundary portion) surrounding each recess a region, using the width c of line segment maximum for length as recess.Determine the line segment d that in the line segment of 2 points on this line segment determined and boundary portion that is orthogonal with this line segment, that link same recess, length is maximum, the line segment c observed from the normal direction of matrix surface and the intersection point of line segment d are set to the degree of depth e of recess to the length of the sagging vertical line of recess.Then, calculate two circles respectively, one of them circle is the circle of these three points of two-end-point by the end points of the line segment e of fixed recess depths and the line segment c of fixed recess width, wherein another circle is the circle of these three points of two-end-point by the maximum line segment d of length in the end points of the line segment e of fixed recess depths and the line segment orthogonal with fixed recess width line segment, and the cross sectional shape of the recess contacted with hard coating layer on tool base surface is approximately two orthogonal circular arcs, calculates radius of a circle f and g with these circular arcs.And, using the curvature of the inverse of the length of radius of a circle f and g as recess, respectively using the mean value of respective curvature as its recess curvature, wherein, circle is herein exactly have the cross sectional shape of recess contact with hard coating layer tool base surface to carry out being similar to and the circle of circular arc that obtains.
By above step, width, the degree of depth, curvature are obtained to multiple recess, and the value obtained being averaged to these values as be formed at inventive article cBN particle surface on the shape of dome shape recess.Average grain diameter in view of cBN particle is 0.5 ~ 4.0 μm, measures the field of view that region is preferably set to 15 μm × about 15 μm, measures all recesses on the cBN particle be formed in mensuration region.Further, to the surface area of recess relative to the cubic boron nitride particle contacted with hard coating layer surface area shared by area ratio, also carrying out chart area with each cBN particle in same measured region and recess, calculating by being averaged to them.
Coating tool of the present invention at the point of a knife at least in cutting by the tool base that cubic boron nitride sintered compact is formed being coated with the hard coating layer that average total thickness is 2.0 ~ 8.0 μm, described cubic boron nitride sintered compact is by cubic boron nitride particle and comprise the nitride being selected from Ti, carbide, carbonitride, the nitride of boride and Al, more than at least one in oxide and inevitably the combination of impurity is formed mutually, the average grain diameter of described cubic boron nitride particle be 0.5 ~ 4.0 μm and relative to sintered body entirety containing proportional be 40 ~ 70 volume %, described hard coating layer is made up of the A layer be formed on tool base surface and B layer formed thereon, described A layer consist of Ti 1-aal an (wherein, 0.3≤a≤0.7), described B layer consist of Ti 1-b-cal bsi cn (wherein, 0.3≤b≤0.7,0.01≤c≤0.1), on the rear knife face of described tool base, dome shape recess is there is on the surface of the cubic boron nitride particle contacted with hard coating layer, the present invention, by this distinctive structure, plays following distinctive effect, even if when using in requiring the high-speed cutting of the glass hard steels such as the hardened steel of the machining condition of high load capacity to process, also not easily cutter is collapsed, and the cutting ability of long term maintenance excellence.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 represents the cross section generalized schematic of the hard coating layer of cutting element of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the skeleton diagram of the arc ion plating apparatus forming the hard coating layer of cutting element of the present invention for evaporation, and (a) represents front view, and (b) represents side view.
(a) of Fig. 3 represents the tool base of cutting element of the present invention and the hard coating layer schematic diagram based on the cross-sectional image of SEM, and (b) represents the enlarged diagram near cBN particle surface.
Fig. 4 is the key diagram to the recess be present on the surface of cBN particle, a () represents the schematic diagram of a kind of mode of the dome shape recess be present on the surface of cBN particle of the present invention, b () represents the schematic diagram of the another way of the dome shape recess be present on the surface of cBN particle of the present invention, (c) represents the schematic diagram not possessing the surface of the cBN particle of dome shape recess of the present invention.
Fig. 5 represents the key diagram of the assay method of the shape of the recess being present in cBN particle surface.
Detailed description of the invention
Then, by embodiment, coating tool of the present invention is specifically described.
[embodiment]
The formation process of tool base:
As material powder, the cBN particle preparing to have an average grain diameter of 0.5 ~ 4.0 μm as hard phase formation material powder, and prepares the TiN powder of the average grain diameter all had within the scope of 0.3 ~ 0.9 μm, TiC powder, TiCN powder, Al powder, AlN powder and Al 2o 3powder is as combining formation material powder mutually.
When being set to 100 volume % with the total amount of wherein several material powder and cBN powder cBN particle containing the proportional mode becoming 40 ~ 70 volume %, coordinate with the match ratio shown in table 1.
Then, utilize ball mill by this material powder wet mixed 72 hours, after drying, with the briquetting pressure punch forming of 100MPa for diameter: the size of 50mm × thickness: 1.5mm, then, this formed body is remained the set point of temperature within the scope of 900 ~ 1300 DEG C in the vacuum atmosphere of pressure: below 1Pa and carries out presintering, thereafter, load in ultra-high pressure sintering device, at pressure: 5GPa, temperature: sinter under the set point of temperature within the scope of 1200 ~ 1400 DEG C, make cBN sintered body thus.
Utilize spark coil cutting processor, this sintered body is cut into given size, use and have in mass % by Cu:26%, Ti:5%, Ag: the Ag brazing filler metal of the composition that remainder is formed, to having Co:5 quality %, TaC:5 quality %, WC: the composition of remainder, and the brazed portion (bight) of the WC base cemented carbide vane body of the blade shapes of iso standard CNGA120408 carries out soldering, and implement the grinding of upper and lower surface and periphery, cutting edge reconditioning process, produce the tool base 1 ~ 6 of the present invention of the blade shapes with iso standard CNGA120408 thus.
Further, the average grain diameter of the cBN particle as material powder and cBN particle be located at outside aforementioned range containing at least one party in proportional, produce the tool base 7 ~ 12 compared thus.
The results are shown in table 1.
[table 1]
Molding procedure:
Use arc ion plating apparatus as shown in Figure 2, hard coating layer is formed to the tool base 1 ~ 6 made by foregoing sequence.
A () carries out Ultrasonic Cleaning to tool base 1 ~ 6 in acetone, and with the state of drying, being separated by the position of predetermined distance from the central shaft on the turntable in arc ion plating apparatus along radial direction, install along peripheral part.Further, as cathode electrode (evaporation source), the Ti-Al alloy of configuration composition requirement and Ti-Al-Si alloy.
B () first, remains 10 to being exhausted in device -2the vacuum of below Pa, utilize heater to be heated to after 500 DEG C in device simultaneously, be set as the Ar gas atmosphere of 0.5 ~ 2.0Pa, and, for rotation on one side on described turntable while the tool base rotated applies the DC offset voltage of-400 ~-1000V, thus, by argon ion, tool base surface is carried out to the bombardment processing of 5 ~ 30 minutes.
C the DC offset voltage that Ar atmospheric pressure is set as 2.0 ~ 6.0Pa, put on tool base then, is set as-200 ~-600V, and carries out the bombardment processing of 20 ~ 120 minutes by ().
D () then, in device, import the nitrogen as reacting gas and be set to the regulation reaction atmosphere of 2 ~ 10Pa, and for rotation on one side on described turntable while the tool base rotated applies the regulation DC offset voltage of-25 ~ 100V, and, produce arc discharge between the cathode electrode (evaporation source) rated current of 90 ~ 200A being flow through be made up of described Ti-Al alloy and anode electrode, target thus shown in the surperficial evaporation formation table 2 of described tool base on average forms and (Ti, Al) N layer of the average thickness of target.
E () then, in device, import the nitrogen as reacting gas and be set to the regulation reaction atmosphere of 2 ~ 10Pa equally, and for rotation on one side on described turntable while the tool base rotated applies the regulation DC offset voltage of-25 ~ 100V, and, produce arc discharge between the cathode electrode (evaporation source) rated current of 90 ~ 200A being flow through be made up of described Ti-Al-Si alloy and anode electrode, target thus shown in the surperficial evaporation formation table 2 of described tool base on average forms and (the Ti of the average thickness of target, Al, Si) N layer.
Through the operation of (a) ~ (e) as above, produce the cutting element of the present invention 1 ~ 6 shown in Fig. 1.
When tools matrix, carry out grinding by effects on surfaces such as periphery grinding, cutting edge reconditioning process, thus preferentially remove hardness less in conjunction with phase, cBN particle is exposed on surface.In addition, as described in (b) ~ (c), by implementing bombardment processing before film forming, the shape of the recess of the cBN particle surface exposed on surface can be controlled.
The recess of the cBN particle surface contacted with hard coating layer is formed by the aforesaid bombardment processing based on argon ion.The shape of recess is by during tools matrix and mechanical lapping processed group is incompatible controls.That is, because overshooting shape part is easily pruned, therefore the shape of recess is controlled by implementing bombardment processing with the grinding marks on cBN particle for starting point.In relatively low pressure and in high biased bombardment processing, argon ion strong impaction cBN particle, therefore, it is possible to the preferential degree of depth strengthening recess.On the other hand, than higher pressure and in low biased bombardment processing, the power of the shock cBN particle of argon ion is relatively little, therefore, it is possible to overshooting shape part of preferentially pruning, widen the width of recess, by curvature control for less.The shape of recess is controlled by combining these operations.After tool base is processed described above, with composition requirement, formed the film forming of carrying out hard coating layer, obtained surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention thus.
In order to compare, for tool base 7 ~ 12, in the operation of (b) ~ (c) in the operation of (a) ~ (e) described above, Ar atmospheric pressure is set as 0.5 ~ 6.0Pa, scope that the DC offset voltage of tool base is set as-100 ~-1000V carry out bombardment processing with single condition, produce thus and compare cutting element 1 ~ 6.The results are shown in table 3.
Use FIB (Focused Ion Beam:FIB), cross section processing is carried out to cutting element 1 ~ 6 of the present invention, the cutting edge reconditioning face of comparing cutting element 1 ~ 6, form the cross section vertical with point of a knife crest line, and observed by scanning electron microscope (Scanning Electron Microscopy:SEM) pair cross-section tissue, obtain secondary electron image thus.
Viewing area is 15 μm × about 15 μm, is set to the multiplying power can observing cBN particle in cBN sintered body and hard coating layer entirety.
Utilize method described above, measure the average grain diameter of cBN particle, the average thickness of hard coating layer by this secondary electron image.
Further, by abovementioned steps, by AFM, the cBN particle surface after membrane removal is observed, obtain the 3D shape of the recess of the cBN particle surface contacted with hard coating layer.By obtained 3D shape, calculate the area ratio of recess shared in the width of recess and the surface area of the degree of depth, curvature and cBN particle according to abovementioned steps.And, obtain the mean value of the width of measured recess and the degree of depth, curvature, and calculate mean breadth, mean depth, average curvature.
The results are shown in table 2 and table 3.
In addition, shown in (a) of Fig. 3, the tool base of cutting element of the present invention and hard coating layer are based on the schematic diagram of the cross-sectional image of SEM, the enlarged diagram near cBN particle surface shown in (b).
Further, the recess by cBN surface shown in Figure 4 is judged to be the situation ((a), (b) of Fig. 4) of the dome shape recess specified in the present invention and is judged to be the schematic diagram of cBN surface configuration of situation ((c) of Fig. 4) of the recess shapes outside the present invention.
[table 2]
[table 3]
For cutting element 1 ~ 6 of the present invention and compare cutting element 1 ~ 6,
Machining condition A:
Workpiece: the pole of the carburizing and quenching material (HRC60) of chromium steel steel SCr420,
Cutting speed: 250m/min.,
Cutting depth: 0.2mm,
The amount of feeding: 0.12mm,
Dry type continuous cutting and
Machining condition B:
Workpiece: the carburizing and quenching material (HRC60) of chrome-molybdenum steel steel SCM415 equally spaced have in the longitudinal direction 4 pods pole,
Cutting speed: 150m/min.,
Cutting depth: 0.2mm,
The amount of feeding: 0.2mm,
Dry type interrupted cut
Machining condition under, maximum length of cut is set under machining condition A 900m, under machining condition B, is set to 1200m, that evaluates point of a knife to the length of cut of every 100m collapses cutter and tool flank wear.
The results are shown in table 4.
[table 4]
※ represents the working durability (sec) reaching the cutting element in service life before arriving maximum length of cut.
In addition, SEM (multiplying power is suitable value from the range set of 5000 times to 200000 times) is used to measure cutting element 1 ~ 6 of the present invention and compare the TiAlN layer of formation hard coating layer and the thickness of TiAlSiN layer of cutting element 1 ~ 6, and measure the thickness of 5 points observed in visual field and be averaged to obtain average thickness, result all shows the average thickness substantially the same with the average thickness shown in table 2 and table 3.And, simultaneously, by using the energy dispersion-type X-ray analytic approach (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy:EDS) of SEM, measure cutting element 1 ~ 6 of the present invention and compare the TiAlN layer of formation hard coating layer and the composition of TiAlSiN layer of cutting element 1 ~ 6, result is all showed and is formed substantially the same composition with the target shown in table 2 and table 3.
From the result shown in table 2 and table 4 clearly, because cutting element of the present invention exists dome shape recess on the surface of the cBN particle contacted with hard coating layer, even if when therefore using in requiring the high-speed cutting of the glass hard steels such as the hardened steel of high load capacity machining condition to process, also not easily cutter is collapsed, even and if damage when collapsing cutter and also not easily expand, thus the cutting ability of long term maintenance excellence.Further, by the width of recess, the degree of depth, curvature and area ratio are located in preferred prescribed limit, especially also can prevent to collapse cutter in the interrupted cut test of high load capacity, thus can through the cutting ability of long term maintenance excellence.
On the other hand, from the result shown in table 3 and table 4 clearly, relatively there is not dome shape recess on the surface of the cBN particle contacted with hard coating layer in cutting element, therefore hard coating layer is overall poor in fracture resistance, wearability, peel off, defect, collapse cutter, thus within a short period of time reaches service life.
Utilizability in industry
Much less surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention is in the machining under the usual machining condition of various steel etc., adjoint exactly high heat occurs and larger load puts in the high rate intermittent turnery processing of steel alloy, stainless steel etc. of cutting edge portion, also excellent fracture resistance and wearability is played, thus show excellent cutting ability for a long time, therefore, it is possible to tackle the high performance of cutting apparatus and the saving labourization of machining and energy-saving, even cost degradation very satisfactorily.

Claims (3)

1. a surface-coated cutting tool, is characterized in that,
At least be used in the point of a knife of cutting by the tool base that cubic boron nitride sintered compact is formed being coated with the hard coating layer that average total thickness is 2.0 ~ 8.0 μm,
Described cubic boron nitride sintered compact is made up of with combination mutually cubic boron nitride particle, described combination comprises more than at least one in the nitride of nitride, carbide, carbonitride, boride and the Al being selected from Ti, oxide and inevitable impurity mutually
The average grain diameter of described cubic boron nitride particle be 0.5 ~ 4.0 μm and relative to sintered body entirety containing proportional be 40 ~ 70 volume %,
Described hard coating layer is made up of the A layer and the B layer be formed on A layer being formed at tool base surface,
Described A layer consist of Ti 1-aal an, wherein, 0.3≤a≤0.7,
Described B layer consist of Ti 1-b-cal bsi cn, wherein, 0.3≤b≤0.7,0.01≤c≤0.1,
On the rear knife face of described tool base, there is dome shape recess on the surface of the cubic boron nitride particle contacted with hard coating layer.
2. surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
With regard to being present in the dome shape recess of described cubic boron nitride particle surface, the width L of this recess is 0.1 ~ 1.0 μm, and degree of depth D is 0.01 ~ 0.1 μm, and, width L is more than 2 with the value of the ratio L/D of degree of depth D, and in addition, the curvature of this recess is 0.1 ~ 2 μm -1below.
3. surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
Relative to the surface area of the cubic boron nitride particle contacted with hard coating layer, the surface area being present in the dome shape recess on the surface of described cubic crystal boron carbide particle occupies 20 ~ 75 area %.
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