CN104660038A - 一种智能太阳能光伏组件电路及其控制/保护方法 - Google Patents

一种智能太阳能光伏组件电路及其控制/保护方法 Download PDF

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CN104660038A
CN104660038A CN201510100986.4A CN201510100986A CN104660038A CN 104660038 A CN104660038 A CN 104660038A CN 201510100986 A CN201510100986 A CN 201510100986A CN 104660038 A CN104660038 A CN 104660038A
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photovoltaic
intelligent
switching tube
module
diode
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倪志春
胡雷振
许明江
许志祥
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Zhongli Talesun Solar Co Ltd
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Priority to US15/553,461 priority patent/US20180062015A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/099482 priority patent/WO2016141764A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
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    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
    • H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02021—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/36—Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
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    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种智能太阳能光伏组件电路及其控制/保护方法，电路包括多组串联的光伏组串，每组所述光伏组串包括智能光伏组件单元、MPPT功能模块、能使智能光伏组件单元处于短路或使该光伏组串与其他光伏组串断开的开关管、CPU内存模块、控制模块，所述开关管由所述控制模块控制。本发明的优点是：1、可简化MPPT结构，减少电力电子元器件的应用，提高效率，降低成本；2、即使由于单块太阳能光伏组件故障原因而处于断开状态，也不会影响到整个组串的输出，大幅度提高了光电的利用率。

Description

一种智能太阳能光伏组件电路及其控制/保护方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光伏设备领域，特别涉及一种智能太阳能光伏组件电路的控制/保护方法。
背景技术
一般，在光伏电站中，为解决失配问题，在并网逆变器的直流侧都带有MPPT变换电路，包括传统的集中式并网光伏逆变器和组串式并网光伏逆变器。
近年来，为解决单个太阳能光伏组件间不匹配的问题，新出现了交流组件和智能组件，他们以及传统太阳能光伏组件比较，主要结构如图1。
其中，交流组件由于其电路结构较复杂，使用的电子元器件较多，成本较高。一般使用智能组件即可达到失配优化、通信等目的。
一般智能组件结构如图2：其中，调节开关S的占空比，即可达到调节输出电压，从而达到最大功率点跟踪目的；CPU&内存通过RF方式与外界通信，当智能组件出现故障，需要从整个组串中断开的时候，通过远程控制，使T1、T2处于断开状态，从而将智能组件隔离。在此方案中，当单个太阳能光伏组件断开的时候，会使整个组串断掉，影响到整个组串的输出，如图3：假设由于故障原因，需要将图3中间太阳能光伏组件隔离出组串，通过控制T3、T4开关的动作，使中间太阳能光伏组件输出处于断开状态，通过此方法将中间太阳能光伏组件隔离出组串，如图红圈内开关断开，则整个回路中无电流，造成整串太阳能光伏组件中无功率输出。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种在智能组件的光伏电站中，在对单块太阳能光伏组件进行输出关断的时候，不影响组串中其他太阳能光伏组件，同时具有原有的功率优化及通信功能的智能太阳能光伏组件电路。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种智能太阳能光伏组件电路，其包括多组串联的光伏组串，每组所述光伏组串包括智能光伏组件单元、与智能光伏组件单元的串联的MPPT功能模块，它还包括用于接收分析所述智能光伏组件单元状态的CPU内存模块，与所述CPU内存模块相电连接且用于控制所述MPPT功能的控制模块，每个所述光伏组串上还连接有能使智能光伏组件单元处于短路或使该光伏组串与其他光伏组串断开的开关管，所述开关管由所述控制模块控制。
优化的，每个所述光伏组串具有一个所述开关管，所述开关管阳极连接于所述智能光伏组件单元的阳极，其阴极连接于所述光伏组件的阴极，其控制极与所述控制模块的输出端相连接，任一光伏组串中所述开关管接通，该光伏组串中的光伏组件单元处于短路状态。
优化的，每个所述MPPT功能模块包括负极与所述光伏组件单元的正极相连接的用于调节占空比的调节开关、正极与所述光伏组件单元的负极相连接的第一二极管和第二二极管、连接于第一二极管和第二二极管的负极之间的感应线圈、一端连接在感应线圈与第二二极管的负极之间另一端连接在所述光伏组件单元负极的电容，所述第一二极管的负极连接于调节开关的正极，所述开关管包括第一开关管和第二开关管，所述第一开关管的正极连接在所述感应线圈与所述电容的连接端上，其负极连接在所述第二二极管的负极上，所述第二开关管的负极连接在所述光伏组件单元的负极，其正极连接在所述第二二极管的正极上，仍一光伏组串中所述第一开关管和第二二极管断开，该光伏组串中的光伏组件单元处于断开状态。
本发明还提供了一种智能太阳能光伏组件电路的控制/保护方法，它包括以下步骤：首先由所述CPU内存模块检测所述智能光伏组件单元是否出现故障或是否需要维护，当出现故障或需要维护时，由所述CPU内存模块输出信号至所述控制模块；再由所述控制模块输出信号至所述开关管从而使智能光伏组件单元处于短路或使该光伏组串与其他光伏组串断开。
本发明的有益效果在于：1、可简化MPPT结构，减少电力电子元器件的应用，提高效率，降低成本；2、即使由于单块太阳能光伏组件故障原因而处于断开状态，也不会影响到整个组串的输出，大幅度提高了光电的利用率。
附图说明
附图1为现有的传统、交流、智能光伏组件的结构简图；
附图2为现有的光伏组件单元的结构示意图；
附图3为现有的光伏组串的结构示意图；
附图4为非线性及线性电气元件的IV特性图；
附图5为本发明实施例1中光伏组件单元的结构示意图；
附图6为本发明实施例1中光伏组串的结构示意图；
附图7为本发明实施例2中光伏组件单元的结构示意图；
附图8为本发明实施例2中光伏组串的结构示意图；
具体实施方式
下面结合附图所示的实施例对本发明作以下详细描述：
实施例一
如图4所示，由于太阳能光伏组件为非线性元器件，其IV特性不像一般电源的IV特性。太阳能光伏组件的IV曲线可以近似看成由垂直于纵轴（电流轴）部分与垂直于横轴（电压轴）部分组成，当负载的工作点在前者上的时候，可以将太阳能光伏组件近似看作电流源；当负载的工作点在后者上的时候，可以将太阳能光伏组件近似看作电压源，所以，可以说太阳能光伏组件既有电流源的特性又有电压源的特性。即太阳能光伏组件可以像电流源那样短路工作。利用此特性，设计智能太阳能光伏组件电路，将图2中原T1、T2两个开关取消，在光伏组件单元输出正负极间加入开关管T，如图5所示，形成的智能太阳能光伏组件电路包括多组串联的光伏组串，每组所述光伏组串包括智能光伏组件单元、与智能光伏组件单元的串联的MPPT（最大功率点跟踪）功能模块，智能太阳能光伏组件电路还包括用于接收分析所述智能光伏组件单元状态的CPU内存模块、与所述CPU内存模块相电连接且用于控制所述MPPT功能的控制模块，每个所述光伏组串上还连接有能使光伏组件单元处于短路或使该光伏组串与其他光伏组串断开的开关管，所述开关管由所述控制模块控制。每个所述光伏组串具有一个所述开关管，所述开关管阳极连接于所述光伏组件单元的阳极，其阴极连接于所述光伏组件单元的阴极，其控制极与所述控制模块的输出端相连接。
当某个光伏组件单元出故障或需要维护时，通过控制开关管T，来控制该光伏组件单元正负极间是否处于短路状态，只需接通开关管T，光伏组件单元正负极间处于短路状态，则该光伏组件单元对外界无输出。如图6：假设由于故障原因，需要将中间光伏组件单元隔离出光伏组串，只需通过控制开关T2，使其光伏组件单元处于短路状态，则可以将中间的光伏组件单元从整串中隔离，同时又不影响整个组串的工作状态，从而提高了能源利用率。
实施例二
如图7所示，在本实施例中智能太阳能光伏组件电路包括多组串联的光伏组串，每组所述光伏组串包括智能光伏组件单元、与智能光伏组件单元的串联的MPPT功能模块，智能太阳能光伏组件电路还包括用于接收分析所述智能光伏组件单元状态的CPU内存模块，与所述CPU内存模块相电连接且用于控制所述MPPT功能的控制模块，每个所述光伏组串上还连接有能使智能光伏组件单元处于短路或使该光伏组串与其他光伏组串断开的开关管，所述开关管由所述控制模块控制。每个所述MPPT功能模块包括负极与所述光伏组件单元的正极相连接的用于调节占空比的调节开关、正极与所述光伏组件单元的负极相连接的第一二极管和第二二极管、连接于第一二极管和第二二极管的负极之间的感应线圈、一端连接在感应线圈与第二二极管的负极之间另一端连接在所述光伏组件单元负极的电容，所述第一二极管的负极连接于调节开关的正极，所述开关管包括第一开关管和第二开关管，所述第一开关管的正极连接在所述感应线圈与所述电容的连接端上，其负极连接在所述第二二极管的负极上，所述第二开关管的负极连接在所述光伏组件单元的负极，其正极连接在所述第二二极管的正极上。
可以通过控第一、第二开关管断开，使单个光伏组件单元隔离出整个组串，同时又不影响整个组串的工作状态。如下图8：假如需要将中间的光伏组件单元隔离，只需将T3、T4断开即可将中间太阳能光伏组件剔除出整个组串，同时不影响该组串的输出。
基于上述两个实施例中的智能太阳能光伏组件电路的控制/保护方法，它包括以下步骤：首先由所述CPU内存模块检测所述智能光伏组件单元是否出现故障或是否需要维护，当出现故障或需要维护时，由所述CPU内存模块输出信号至所述控制模块；再由所述控制模块输出信号至所述开关管从而使智能光伏组件单元处于短路或使该光伏组串与其他光伏组串断开。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种智能太阳能光伏组件电路，其包括多组串联的光伏组串，每组所述光伏组串包括智能光伏组件单元、与智能光伏组件单元的串联的MPPT功能模块，它还包括用于接收分析所述智能光伏组件单元状态的CPU内存模块，与所述CPU内存模块相电连接且用于控制所述MPPT功能的控制模块，其特征在于：每个所述光伏组串上还连接有能使智能光伏组件单元处于短路或使该光伏组串与其他光伏组串断开的开关管，所述开关管由所述控制模块控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的智能太阳能光伏组件电路，其特征在于：每个所述光伏组串具有一个所述开关管，所述开关管阳极连接于所述智能光伏组件单元的阳极，其阴极连接于所述光伏组件的阴极，其控制极与所述控制模块的输出端相连接，任一光伏组串中所述开关管接通，该光伏组串中的光伏组件单元处于短路状态。
3.根据权利要求1所述的智能太阳能光伏组件电路，其特征在于：每个所述MPPT功能模块包括负极与所述光伏组件单元的正极相连接的用于调节占空比的调节开关、正极与所述光伏组件单元的负极相连接的第一二极管和第二二极管、连接于第一二极管和第二二极管的负极之间的感应线圈、一端连接在感应线圈与第二二极管的负极之间另一端连接在所述光伏组件单元负极的电容，所述第一二极管的负极连接于调节开关的正极，所述开关管包括第一开关管和第二开关管，所述第一开关管的正极连接在所述感应线圈与所述电容的连接端上，其负极连接在所述第二二极管的负极上，所述第二开关管的负极连接在所述光伏组件单元的负极，其正极连接在所述第二二极管的正极上，仍一光伏组串中所述第一开关管和第二二极管断开，该光伏组串中的光伏组件单元处于断开状态。
4.一种基于权利要求1～3中任一智能太阳能光伏组件电路的控制/保护方法，其特征在于，它包括以下步骤：首先由所述CPU内存模块检测所述智能光伏组件单元是否出现故障或是否需要维护，当出现故障或需要维护时，由所述CPU内存模块输出信号至所述控制模块；再由所述控制模块输出信号至所述开关管从而使智能光伏组件单元处于短路或使该光伏组串与其他光伏组串断开。
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