WO2020133351A1 - 一种逆变器 - Google Patents

一种逆变器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020133351A1
WO2020133351A1 PCT/CN2018/125347 CN2018125347W WO2020133351A1 WO 2020133351 A1 WO2020133351 A1 WO 2020133351A1 CN 2018125347 W CN2018125347 W CN 2018125347W WO 2020133351 A1 WO2020133351 A1 WO 2020133351A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
module
threshold
switch
output voltage
photovoltaic string
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/125347
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张彦忠
王勋
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP18944423.5A priority Critical patent/EP3893380A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2018/125347 priority patent/WO2020133351A1/zh
Priority to CN201880090971.6A priority patent/CN111869086B/zh
Publication of WO2020133351A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020133351A1/zh
Priority to US17/360,245 priority patent/US11637431B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0074—Plural converter units whose inputs are connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of solar energy, and specifically relates to an inverter.
  • inverters are usually used to convert the direct current generated by photovoltaic panels into alternating current, which is fed to the power grid to realize the power generation function. Because the voltage and current that a photovoltaic panel can output are usually relatively small, in order to meet the working voltage and power requirements of the inverter, usually the photovoltaic panels form a photovoltaic string in series or parallel connection, and are connected to the inverter In the device.
  • the output voltage is unstable, for example: when the photovoltaic panel has abnormal conditions such as aging, shielding, weak light, and short string configuration, the photovoltaic string
  • the output power or voltage may be small and cannot match the optimal working mode of the inverter.
  • the inverter causes the conversion efficiency of the inverter to be low, which affects the amount of power generation.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an inverter that can adjust the usage of the DC/DC module through the opening and closing of the first switch and the second switch, thereby reducing energy loss, improving the conversion efficiency of the inverter, and improving Power generation.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an inverter, including: a DC conversion unit, a bus unit, and an inverter unit;
  • the DC conversion unit includes a first positive input terminal, a first negative input terminal, a second positive input terminal, a second negative input terminal, a first DC to DC module, a second DC to DC module, and a first on-off Control device, second on-off control device, first switch and second switch;
  • the first positive input terminal is connected to a first terminal of the first DC-to-DC module and an end of the first on-off control device, and the first negative input terminal is connected to the first
  • the second terminal of a DC-to-DC module is connected to the negative electrode of the busbar unit, and the other side of the first negative input terminal is connected to the second positive input terminal through the second switch.
  • the third end of the DC-to-DC module is connected to the other end of the first on-off control device and the positive electrode of the busbar unit;
  • the second positive input terminal is connected to the first end of the second DC-to-DC module and to one end of the second on-off control device, and the second negative input terminal is connected to the second DC-to-DC module
  • the second end is connected to the negative pole of the busbar unit, and the third end of the second DC-to-DC module and the other end of the second on-off control device are connected to the positive pole of the busbar unit;
  • the input terminal of the inverter unit is connected to the busbar unit, and the inverter unit is used to convert the DC voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the busbar unit into alternating current.
  • the first on-off control device is a first diode and the second on-off control device is a second diode;
  • the other side of the first positive input terminal is connected to the first end of the first DC-to-DC module and the anode of the first diode, and the third end of the first DC-to-DC module is connected to the The cathode of the first diode is connected to the anode of the busbar unit;
  • the other side of the second positive input terminal is connected to the first end of the second DC-to-DC module and the anode of the second diode, and the third end of the second DC-to-DC module and the second The cathode of the pole tube is connected to the anode of the busbar unit.
  • the inverter further includes a controller, the controller is configured to detect the working state of the inverter unit, and when the inverter unit is in the working state, detect the first The output voltage of a photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string.
  • the controller is further configured to control the second switch to open and the first switch to open or close when it is detected that the inverter unit is not working.
  • the controller is further configured to control the controller when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is less than the first threshold
  • the first switch is open, the second switch is closed, the first DC-to-DC module works and the second DC-to-DC module does not work, and the first threshold is greater than or equal to the grid connection of the inverter power supply The voltage required by the busbar unit.
  • the controller is further used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to the first threshold, and When it is less than the second threshold, the first switch is controlled to open, the second switch is closed, the first DC-to-DC module and the second DC-to-DC module do not work, and the energy of the inverter is input Input directly to the bus unit through the second switch and the first diode.
  • the controller is further used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a second threshold, and When the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string is less than the third threshold, when the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is less than the third threshold, the first switch is controlled to be closed, and the second switch is opened.
  • the first DC-to-DC module and the second DC-to-DC module operate, and the third threshold is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than the second threshold.
  • the controller is further used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the When the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string is greater than the third threshold, when the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is less than the third threshold, the first switch is controlled to be closed, the second switch is opened, and the first DC to DC The module does not work and the second DC-to-DC module works normally.
  • the energy input to the first input terminal is directly transmitted to the bus unit through the first diode and the first switch.
  • the controller is further used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a second threshold, and When the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string is less than the third threshold, when the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than the third threshold, the first switch is closed, the second switch is opened, and the The first DC-to-DC module works and the second DC-to-DC module does not work, and the energy input to the second input terminal is directly transmitted to the busbar unit through the second diode.
  • the controller is further used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the When the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string is greater than the fourth threshold, or the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than the fourth threshold, the inverter unit does not work and an alarm is reported, the fourth threshold It is the maximum output value of the inverter.
  • the first switch and the second switch are provided in the DC conversion unit, and the status of the DC/DC module in the DC conversion unit can be adjusted through the opening and closing of the first switch and the second switch Usage, thereby reducing energy loss, improving the conversion efficiency of the inverter, and increasing the amount of power generation.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an inverter, including: a DC conversion unit, a bus unit, and an inverter unit;
  • the DC conversion unit includes a first positive input terminal, a first negative input terminal, a second positive input terminal, a second negative input terminal, a first DC to DC module, a second DC to DC module, and a first on-off Control device, second on-off control device, first switch and second switch;
  • the first negative input terminal is connected to the first terminal of the first DC-to-DC module and to one end of the first on-off control device, and the first negative input terminal is also connected to the The second positive input terminal is connected, the other end of the first positive input terminal is connected to the second terminal of the first DC-to-DC module and the positive electrode of the busbar unit, and the third of the first DC-to-DC module The terminal is connected to the negative electrode of the busbar unit and the other end of the first on-off control device;
  • the second negative input terminal is connected to the first end of the second DC-to-DC module and one end of the second on-off control device, and the second positive input terminal passes through the first switch and the first
  • the second end of the two DC-to-DC modules is connected to the positive pole of the busbar unit, and the third end of the second DC-to-DC module is connected to the negative pole of the busbar unit and the other end of the second on-off control device ;
  • the input terminal of the inverter unit is connected to the busbar unit, and the inverter unit is used to convert the DC voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the busbar unit into alternating current.
  • the first on-off control device is a first diode and the second on-off control device is a second diode;
  • the other end of the first negative input terminal is connected to the first end of the first DC-to-DC module and the cathode of the first diode, and the third end of the first DC-to-DC module is connected to the bus bar
  • the negative electrode of the unit is connected to the anode of the first diode
  • the other end of the second negative input terminal is connected to the first end of the second DC-to-DC module and the cathode of the second diode, and the third end of the second DC-to-DC module is connected to the bus bar
  • the negative electrode of the cell is connected to the anode of the second diode.
  • the inverter further includes a controller
  • the controller is used to detect the working state of the inverter unit, and when the inverter unit is in the working state, detect the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string.
  • the controller is further configured to control the second switch to open and the first switch to open or close when it is detected that the inverter unit is not working.
  • the controller is further configured to control the controller when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is less than the first threshold
  • the first switch is open, the second switch is closed, the first DC-to-DC module is not in operation, and the second DC-to-DC module is in operation, the first threshold is greater than or equal to the grid connection of the inverter power supply The voltage required by the busbar unit.
  • the controller is further used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to the first threshold, and When it is less than the second threshold, the first switch is controlled to open and the second switch is closed, the first DC-to-DC module and the second DC-to-DC module do not work, and the energy of the inverter is input Input directly to the bus unit through the second switch and the first diode.
  • the controller is further used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a second threshold, and When the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string is less than the third threshold, when the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is less than the third threshold, the first switch is closed, the second switch is opened, and the The first DC-to-DC module and the second DC-to-DC module operate, and the third threshold is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than the second threshold.
  • the controller is further used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the When the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string is greater than the third threshold and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is less than the third threshold, the first switch is closed, the second switch is opened, and the first A DC-to-DC module does not work, the second DC-to-DC module works normally, and the energy input to the second input terminal is directly transmitted to the bus unit through the second diode. .
  • the controller is further used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the When the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string is less than the third threshold, when the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than the third threshold, the first switch is closed, the second switch is opened, and the first A DC-to-DC module works, the second DC-to-DC module does not work, and the energy input to the second input terminal is directly transmitted to the bus unit through the second diode. .
  • the controller is further used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the When the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string is greater than the fourth threshold, or the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than the fourth threshold, the inverter unit does not work and an alarm is reported, the fourth threshold It is the maximum output value of the inverter.
  • the first switch and the second switch are provided in the DC conversion unit, and the status of the DC/DC module in the DC conversion unit can be adjusted through the opening and closing of the first switch and the second switch Usage, thereby reducing energy loss, improving the conversion efficiency of the inverter, and increasing the amount of power generation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an inverter in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG 2 is another schematic structural diagram of the inverter in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG 3 is another schematic structural diagram of the inverter in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG 5 is another schematic structural diagram of the inverter in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is another schematic structural diagram of the inverter in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of the inverter in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is another schematic structural diagram of the inverter in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is another schematic structural diagram of the inverter in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is another schematic structural diagram of the inverter in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is another schematic structural diagram of the inverter in the embodiment of the present application.
  • 15 is another schematic structural diagram of the inverter in the embodiment of the present application.
  • 16 is another schematic structural diagram of the inverter in the embodiment of the present application.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an inverter that can adjust the usage of the DC/DC module through the opening and closing of the first switch and the second switch, thereby reducing energy loss, improving the conversion efficiency of the inverter, and improving Power generation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an inverter in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the inverter provided by the embodiment of the present application may include:
  • DC conversion unit bus unit and inverter unit, wherein the DC conversion unit includes a first positive input terminal, a first negative input terminal, a second positive input terminal, a second negative input terminal, a first DC to DC Module, second DC-to-DC module, first on-off control device, second on-off control device, first switch and second switch;
  • the first positive input terminal is connected to a first terminal of the first DC-to-DC module and an end of the first on-off control device, and the first negative input terminal is connected to the first
  • the second terminal of a DC-to-DC module is connected to the negative electrode of the busbar unit, and the other side of the first negative input terminal is connected to the second positive input terminal through the second switch.
  • the third end of the DC-to-DC module is connected to the other end of the first on-off control device and the positive electrode of the busbar unit;
  • the second positive input terminal is connected to the first end of the second DC-to-DC module and to one end of the second on-off control device, and the second negative input terminal is connected to the second DC-to-DC module
  • the second end is connected to the negative pole of the busbar unit, and the third end of the second DC-to-DC module and the other end of the second on-off control device are connected to the positive pole of the busbar unit;
  • the input terminal of the inverter unit is connected to the busbar unit, and the inverter unit is used to convert the DC voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the busbar unit into alternating current.
  • the first switch and the second switch are provided in the DC conversion unit, and the status of the DC/DC module in the DC conversion unit can be adjusted through the opening and closing of the first switch and the second switch Usage, thereby reducing energy loss, improving the conversion efficiency of the inverter, and increasing the amount of power generation.
  • one side of the first positive input terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the first photovoltaic string
  • one side of the first negative input terminal is connected to the negative electrode of the first photovoltaic string
  • one side of the second positive input terminal is connected to the second photovoltaic string Is connected to the anode of the second negative input terminal and to the cathode of the second photovoltaic string.
  • the other side of the first positive input terminal is connected to the first end of the first DC-to-DC module and one end of the first on-off control device, and the other side of the first negative input terminal is connected to the first DC-to-DC module through the first switch
  • the second terminal is connected to the negative electrode of the busbar unit, the other side of the first negative input terminal is connected to the second positive input terminal through a second switch, and the third terminal of the first DC-to-DC module is connected to the other terminal of the first on-off control device Connect to the positive pole of the busbar unit.
  • the other side of the second positive input is connected to the first end of the second DC-to-DC module and one end of the second on-off control device, and the other side of the second negative input is connected to the negative input of the second DC-to-DC module
  • the negative pole of the busbar unit is connected, and the third end of the second DC-to-DC module and the other end of the second on-off control device are connected to the positive pole of the busbar unit.
  • both the first on-off control device and the second on-off control device may be devices such as diodes or switches for controlling the opening and closing of the line.
  • the first switch and the second switch may also be at least one of contactors, relays, and semiconductor switching devices.
  • DC to DC modules include but are not limited to boost, buck-boost, or Cuk circuits.
  • the busbar unit may be connected to the inverter unit through the positive electrode and the negative electrode, or the busbar unit may be connected to the inverter unit through the positive electrode, the midpoint potential, and the negative electrode.
  • the number of DC conversion units is not limited to only one, and may be two or more. When the number of DC conversion units is greater than or equal to 2, each DC conversion unit is connected to the bus unit.
  • the first photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string may be combined in series and/or parallel by photovoltaic panels.
  • the opening and closing of the first switch and the second switch may be controlled by the controller.
  • the inverter further includes a controller.
  • the controller is used to detect the working state of the inverter unit, and when the inverter unit is in the working state, detect the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string.
  • control state of the controller may be divided into seven types according to the working state of the inverter unit, and the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string.
  • the controller is also used to control the second switch to open and the first switch to open or close when it is detected that the inverter unit is not working.
  • the inverter unit does not work, neither the first DC-to-DC module nor the second DC-to-DC module needs to be operated, so that the loss generated by the DC-to-DC module can be effectively reduced.
  • the second state is: the controller is also used to control the first switch when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is less than a first threshold Open, the second switch is closed, the first DC to DC module works and the second DC to DC module does not work, the first threshold is greater than or equal to the bus when the inverter power supply is connected to the grid The voltage required by the unit.
  • the first threshold is a lower limit of the voltage that the busbar unit can withstand.
  • the first switch when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is less than the first threshold, the first switch is opened and the second switch is closed, then the first The photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string are connected in series to increase the overall output voltage. In this case, only the first DC to DC module is required to work, and the output voltage is too high to the first threshold.
  • the controller controls the first When the switch is opened and the second switch is closed, the first photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string are connected in series.
  • the first DC-to-DC module works, and the output voltage of 600V can be raised to 770V.
  • the second DC-to-DC module is not If you need to work, you can reduce circuit losses, improve inverter conversion efficiency, and increase power generation.
  • the third state is: the controller is also used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold,
  • the first switch is controlled to be opened, the second switch is closed, and the first DC-to-DC module and the second DC-to-DC module are not operated.
  • the energy input to the inverter is directly input to the busbar unit through the second switch and the first diode.
  • the first threshold is the lower limit of the voltage that the busbar unit can withstand
  • the second threshold is the upper limit of the voltage that the busbar unit can withstand.
  • the first threshold is 770V and the second threshold is 1000V.
  • the controller controls the first switch to open, the second switch to close, the first photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string are connected in series, then the sum of the output voltage of the two photovoltaic strings is greater than 770V, no need to pass DC Turn the DC module to raise it again, and input it to the bus unit through the first on-off control device, which can meet the requirements of inverter grid connection.
  • neither the first DC-to-DC module nor the second DC-to-DC module needs to work, so that the circuit loss can be reduced, the inverter conversion efficiency can be improved, and the power generation amount can be increased.
  • the fourth state is: the controller is also used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the first photovoltaic group
  • the first switch is controlled to be closed, the second switch is opened, and the first DC to DC
  • the module and the second C-to-DC module work, and the third threshold is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than the second threshold.
  • the second threshold is the upper limit of the voltage that the busbar unit can withstand
  • the third threshold is the lower limit of the voltage that the busbar unit can withstand.
  • the first threshold is 770V
  • the second threshold is 1000V
  • the third threshold is 770V.
  • the output voltages of the first photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string Both reach 500V and less than the minimum value of the bus voltage 770V. If the first switch is opened and the second switch is closed at this time, the input series voltage reaches 1000V. For a 1000V inverter application critical, considering the safety of the system, this It is necessary to close the first switch and open the second switch to allow the first DC-to-DC module and the second DC-to-DC module to enter the working state and raise the output voltage to 770V for grid-connected power generation.
  • the fifth state is: the controller is also used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the first photovoltaic group
  • the first switch is controlled to be closed, the second switch is opened, and the first DC-to-DC module does not work and
  • the second DC-to-DC module works normally, and the energy input to the first input terminal is directly transmitted to the bus unit through the first diode and the first switch.
  • the second threshold is the upper limit of the voltage that the busbar unit can withstand
  • the third threshold is the lower limit of the voltage that the busbar unit can withstand.
  • the first threshold is 770V
  • the second threshold is 1000V
  • the third threshold is 770V.
  • the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string reaches 770V
  • the second string When the output voltage of the battery panel reaches 600V, the sum of the output voltages of the two photovoltaic strings is 1370V, which is greater than 1000V.
  • the controller needs to control the opening of the second switch and the closing of the first switch. In operation, the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string is directly sent to the bus unit through the first on-off control device, and the second DC is converted to DC to work, and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is raised to 770V and then sent to the bus unit.
  • the sixth state is: the controller is also used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the first photovoltaic group
  • the controller is also used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the first photovoltaic group
  • the output voltage of the string is less than the third threshold
  • the first switch is closed, the second switch is opened, and the first DC to DC
  • the module works and the second DC-to-DC module does not work, and the energy input to the second input terminal is directly transmitted to the busbar unit through the second diode.
  • the second threshold is the upper limit of the voltage that the busbar unit can withstand
  • the third threshold is the lower limit of the voltage that the busbar unit can withstand.
  • the sixth state is similar to the fifth state.
  • the sum of the output voltages of the first photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string is greater than the second threshold, that is, 1000V, but the first photovoltaic group
  • the output voltage of the string is less than the second threshold, namely 770V, and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than 770V.
  • the first DC-to-DC module needs to work to raise the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string to
  • the third threshold value is 770V.
  • the second DC-to-DC module does not need to work.
  • the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is directly sent to the bus unit through the second on-off control device.
  • the seventh state is: the controller is also used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the first photovoltaic group When the output voltage of the string is greater than the fourth threshold, or the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than the fourth threshold, the inverter unit does not work and an alarm is reported, and the fourth threshold is the inverter Maximum output value.
  • the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string reaches 770V
  • the output voltage of the second string of solar panels also reaches 770V.
  • the strings are connected in series, so the controller will control the second switch to be opened and the first switch to be closed without the need for the first DC to DC module and the second DC to DC module to work.
  • the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string can directly pass through the first
  • the on-off control device is sent to the bus, and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string can be directly sent to the bus through the second on-off control device.
  • first on-off control device and the second on-off control device in the examples corresponding to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 may be diodes or switches, which will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the first on-off control device may be a first diode D1
  • the second on-off control device is a second diode D2
  • the other side of the first positive input terminal is connected to the first end of the first DC-to-DC module and the anode of the first diode D1
  • the third end of the first DC-to-DC module is connected to the first
  • the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the anode of the busbar unit
  • the other side of the second positive input terminal is connected to the first end of the second DC-to-DC module and the anode of the second diode D2
  • the second DC-to-DC module is third
  • the cathode of the second diode D2 are connected to the anode of the busbar unit.
  • the first on-off control device may be a third switch K3, and the second on-off control device is a fourth switch K4.
  • the other side of the first positive input is connected to the first end of the first DC-to-DC module and one end of the third switch K3, and the other side of the first negative input is connected to the first DC-to-DC module through the first switch
  • the second terminal is connected to the negative electrode of the busbar unit, the other side of the first negative input terminal is connected to the second positive input terminal through a second switch, and the third terminal of the first DC-to-DC module is connected to the other terminal of the third switch K3 and the busbar
  • the positive pole of the unit is connected; the other side of the second positive input is connected to the first end of the second DC-to-DC module and one end of the fourth switch K4, and the other side of the second negative input is connected to the negative of the second DC-to-DC module
  • the input terminal is connected to the negative pole of the busbar
  • the first DC-to-DC module and the second DC-to-DC module may be implemented in the form of a circuit, as shown in FIG. 5, in another embodiment of the inverter provided by the embodiment of the present application, the first DC The DC-to-DC module and the second DC-to-DC module are realized by a circuit in which an inductor and a capacitor are connected in series, and then connected to a diode after being connected in parallel with a transistor.
  • the first on-off control device is the first diode
  • the second on-off control device is a second diode.
  • the circuits of the first DC-to-DC module and the second DC-to-DC module are the same as the circuits shown in FIG. 5, The difference is that the first on-off control device is a third switch, and the second on-off control device is a fourth switch.
  • FIG. 7 is a scenario where multiple photovoltaic strings are connected to the inverter through the optimizer.
  • the first on-off control device is the first diode
  • the second on-off control device is the first Two diodes.
  • the scenario where multiple photovoltaic strings are connected to the inverter through the optimizer is basically the same as the situation shown in FIG. 7, the difference is
  • the first on-off control device is a third switch
  • the second on-off control device is a fourth switch.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the inverter provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the inverter includes: a DC conversion unit, a bus unit, and an inverter unit; the DC conversion unit includes a first positive input terminal, a A negative input terminal, a second positive input terminal, a second negative input terminal, a first DC to DC module, a second DC to DC module, a first on-off control device, a second on-off control device, a first switch And the second switch.
  • One side of the first positive input terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the first photovoltaic string, one side of the first negative input terminal is connected to the negative electrode of the first photovoltaic string, and one side of the second positive input terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the second photovoltaic string , One side of the second negative input terminal is connected to the negative electrode of the second photovoltaic string.
  • the other end of the first negative input terminal is connected to the first end of the first DC-to-DC module and one end of the first on-off control device.
  • the other end of the first negative input terminal is also connected to the second positive input terminal through a second switch.
  • the other end of a positive input terminal is connected to the second end of the first DC-to-DC module and the positive electrode of the busbar unit, and the third end of the first DC-to-DC module is connected to the negative electrode of the busbar unit and the other end of the first on-off control device Connected.
  • the other end of the second negative input terminal is connected to the first end of the second DC-to-DC module and one end of the second on-off control device, and the other end of the second positive input terminal is connected to the second end of the second DC-to-DC module through the first switch
  • the terminal is connected to the positive pole of the busbar unit, and the third end of the second DC-to-DC module is connected to the negative pole of the busbar unit and the other end of the second on-off control device.
  • the input end of the inverter unit is connected to the busbar unit, and the inverter unit is used to convert the DC voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the busbar unit into alternating current.
  • both the first on-off control device and the second on-off control device may be devices such as diodes or switches for controlling the opening and closing of the line.
  • the first switch and the second switch may also be at least one of contactors, relays, and semiconductor switching devices.
  • DC to DC modules include but are not limited to boost, buck-boost, or Cuk circuits.
  • the busbar unit may be connected to the inverter unit through the positive electrode and the negative electrode, or the busbar unit may be connected to the inverter unit through the positive electrode, the midpoint potential, and the negative electrode.
  • the number of DC conversion units is not limited to only one, and may be two or more. When the number of DC conversion units is greater than or equal to 2, each DC conversion unit is connected to the bus unit.
  • the first photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string may be combined in series and/or parallel by photovoltaic panels.
  • the opening and closing of the first switch and the second switch may be controlled by the controller.
  • the inverter further includes a controller.
  • the controller is used to detect the working state of the inverter unit, and when the inverter unit is in the working state, detect the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string.
  • control state of the controller may be divided into seven types according to the working state of the inverter unit, and the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string.
  • the controller is also used to control the second switch to open and the first switch to open or close when it is detected that the inverter unit is not working.
  • the inverter unit does not work, neither the first DC-to-DC module nor the second DC-to-DC module needs to be operated, so that the loss generated by the DC-to-DC module can be effectively reduced.
  • the second state is: the controller is also used to control the first switch when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is less than a first threshold Open, the second switch is closed, the first DC-to-DC module does not work, and the second DC-to-DC module works, the first threshold is a lower limit of the voltage that the bus unit can withstand.
  • the first switch when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is less than the first threshold, the first switch is opened and the second switch is closed, then the first The photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string are connected in series to increase the overall output voltage. In this case, only the second DC to DC module is required to work, and the output voltage is too high to the first threshold.
  • the controller controls the first When the switch is open and the second switch is closed, the first photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string are connected in series.
  • the second DC-to-DC module works, and the output voltage of 600V can be raised to 770V.
  • the first and second DC-to-DC modules Without working, it can reduce circuit losses, improve inverter conversion efficiency, and increase power generation.
  • the third state is: the controller is also used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, Controlling the first switch to open and the second switch to close, the first DC-to-DC module and the second DC-to-DC module are not working, and the first threshold is a voltage that the bus unit can withstand The second threshold is the upper limit of the voltage that the busbar unit can withstand.
  • the first threshold is 770V and the second threshold is 1000V.
  • the controller controls the first switch to open, the second switch to close, the first photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string are connected in series, then the sum of the output voltage of the two photovoltaic strings is greater than 770V, no need to pass DC Turn the DC module to raise it again, and input it to the bus unit through the second on-off control device to meet the requirements of inverter grid connection.
  • neither the first DC-to-DC module nor the second DC-to-DC module needs to work, so that the circuit loss can be reduced, the inverter conversion efficiency can be improved, and the power generation amount can be increased.
  • the fourth state is: the controller is also used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the first photovoltaic group
  • the controller is also used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the first photovoltaic group
  • the output voltage of the string is less than the third threshold
  • the first switch is closed, the second switch is opened, and the first DC to DC
  • the second threshold is the upper limit of the voltage that the bus unit can withstand
  • the third threshold is the lower limit of the voltage that the bus unit can withstand.
  • the first threshold is 770V
  • the second threshold is 1000V
  • the third threshold is 770V.
  • the output voltages of the first photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string Both reach 500V and less than the minimum value of the bus voltage 770V. If the first switch is opened and the second switch is closed at this time, the input series voltage reaches 1000V. For a 1000V inverter application critical, considering the safety of the system, this It is necessary to close the first switch and open the second switch to allow the first DC-to-DC module and the second DC-to-DC module to enter the working state and raise the output voltage to 770V for grid-connected power generation.
  • the fifth state is: the controller is also used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the first photovoltaic group
  • the first switch is controlled to be closed, the second switch is opened, and the first DC to DC is controlled
  • the module does not work, the second DC-to-DC module works normally, the second threshold is the upper limit of the voltage that the bus unit can withstand, and the third threshold is the lower limit of the voltage that the bus unit can withstand.
  • the first threshold is 770V
  • the second threshold is 1000V
  • the third threshold is 770V.
  • the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string reaches 770V
  • the second string When the output voltage of the battery panel reaches 600V, the sum of the output voltages of the two photovoltaic strings is 1370V, which is greater than 1000V.
  • the controller needs to control the opening of the second switch and the closing of the first switch. In operation, the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string is directly sent to the bus unit through the first on-off control device, and the second DC is converted to DC to work, and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is raised to 770V and then sent to the bus unit.
  • the sixth state is: the controller is also used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the first photovoltaic group
  • the controller is also used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the first photovoltaic group
  • the output voltage of the string is less than the third threshold
  • the first switch is closed, the second switch is opened, and the first DC to DC
  • the second DC-to-DC module does not work
  • the second threshold is the upper limit of the voltage that the bus unit can withstand
  • the third threshold is the lower limit of the voltage that the bus unit can withstand.
  • the sixth state is similar to the fifth state.
  • the sum of the output voltages of the first photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string is greater than the second threshold, that is, 1000V, but the first photovoltaic group
  • the output voltage of the string is less than the second threshold, namely 770V, and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than 770V.
  • the first DC-to-DC module needs to work to raise the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string to
  • the third threshold value is 770V.
  • the second DC-to-DC module does not need to work.
  • the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is directly sent to the bus unit through the second on-off control device.
  • the seventh state is: the controller is also used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the first photovoltaic group
  • the controller is also used when the sum of the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string is greater than a second threshold, and the first photovoltaic group
  • the first switch is controlled to be closed, the second switch is opened, and the first DC to DC
  • the second threshold is the upper limit of the voltage that the bus unit can withstand
  • the third threshold is the lower limit of the voltage that the bus unit can withstand.
  • the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string reaches 770V
  • the output voltage of the second string of solar panels also reaches 770V.
  • the strings are connected in series, so the controller will control the second switch to be opened and the first switch to be closed without the need for the first DC to DC module and the second DC to DC module to work.
  • the output voltage of the first photovoltaic string can directly pass through the first
  • the on-off control device is sent to the bus, and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic string can be directly sent to the bus through the second on-off control device.
  • first on-off control device and the second on-off control device in the examples corresponding to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 may be diodes or switches, which will be described below with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12, respectively.
  • the first on-off control device may be a first diode D1
  • the second on-off control device is a second diode D2
  • the other end of the first negative input terminal is connected to the first end of the first DC-to-DC module and the cathode of the first diode D1
  • the third end of the first DC-to-DC module is connected to the negative electrode of the busbar unit Connected to the anode of the first diode D1
  • the other end of the second negative input is connected to the first end of the second DC-to-DC module and the cathode of the second diode D2
  • the third end of the second DC-to-DC module It is connected to the negative electrode of the busbar unit and the anode of the second diode D2.
  • the first on-off control device may be a third switch K3, and the second on-off control device is a fourth switch K4, in this case
  • the other end of the first negative input terminal is connected to the first end of the first DC-to-DC module and one end of the third switch K3.
  • the other end of the first negative input terminal is also connected to the second positive input terminal through the second switch.
  • the other end of a positive input terminal is connected to the second end of the first DC-to-DC module and the positive electrode of the busbar unit, and the third end of the first DC-to-DC module is connected to the negative electrode of the busbar unit and the other end of the third switch K3;
  • the other end of the second negative input terminal is connected to the first end of the second DC-to-DC module and one end of the fourth switch K4, and the other end of the second positive input terminal is connected to the second end of the second DC-to-DC module through the first switch
  • the positive pole of the busbar unit is connected, and the third end of the second DC-to-DC module is connected to the negative pole of the busbar unit and the other end of the fourth switch K4.
  • the first DC-to-DC module and the second DC-to-DC module may be implemented in the form of a circuit, as shown in FIG. 5, in another embodiment of the inverter provided by the embodiment of the present application, the first DC The DC-to-DC module and the second DC-to-DC module are implemented by a circuit in which an inductor and a capacitor are connected in series, and then a diode is connected in parallel with a transistor.
  • the first on-off control device is the first diode
  • the second on-off control device is a second diode.
  • the circuits of the first DC-to-DC module and the second DC-to-DC module are the same as the circuits shown in FIG. 13 above.
  • the difference is that the first on-off control device is a third switch, and the second on-off control device is a fourth switch.
  • Fig. 15 is the scenario where multiple photovoltaic strings are connected to the inverter through the optimizer.
  • the first on-off control device is the first diode
  • the second on-off control device is the first Two diodes.
  • the scenario where multiple photovoltaic strings are connected to the inverter through the optimizer is basically the same as the situation shown in FIG. 15, the difference is
  • the first on-off control device is a third switch
  • the second on-off control device is a fourth switch.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种逆变器，包括：直流变换单元、母线单元和逆变单元，直流变换单元包括第一正输入端、第一负输入端、第二正输入端、第二负输入端、第一直流DC转DC模块、第二DC转DC模块、第一通断控制器件、第二通断控制器件、第一开关和第二开关；第一正输入端和第一负输入端用于连接第一光伏组串，第二正输入端和第二负输入端用于连接第二光伏组串，第一开关和第二开关打开或闭合等组合关系可以改变直流变换单元中电路的连接关系，因此可以通过第一开关和第二开关的打开和关断情况，调整直流转直流模块的使用情况，从而降低能量损耗，提高逆变器的转换效率，提高发电量。

Description

一种逆变器 技术领域
本申请涉及太阳能技术领域，具体涉及一种逆变器。
背景技术
在太阳能领域中，通常采用逆变器将光伏电池板产生的直流电转化成交流电，馈送给电网，实现发电功能。因为一个光伏电池板所能输出的电压和电流通常都比较小，为了满足逆变器的工作电压和功率的要求，通常光伏电池板以串、并联的方式构成光伏组串，接入到逆变器中。
由于光伏电池板所输出的电压可能受到外界的影响，导致所输出的电压是不稳定的，例如：在光伏电池板出现老化、遮挡、弱光照、短组串配置等异常情况时，光伏组串输出的功率或电压可能较小，无法匹配逆变器最优的工作方式，逆变器导致逆变器的转换效率低下，影响发电量。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种逆变器，可以通过第一开关和第二开关的打开和关断情况，调整DC/DC模块的使用情况，从而降低能量损耗，提高逆变器的转换效率，提高发电量。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种逆变器，包括：直流变换单元、母线单元和逆变单元；
所述直流变换单元包括第一正输入端、第一负输入端、第二正输入端、第二负输入端、第一直流DC转DC模块、第二DC转DC模块、第一通断控制器件、第二通断控制器件、第一开关和第二开关；
所述第一正输入端与所述第一DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第一通断控制器件的一端相连，所述第一负输入端通过所述第一开关与所述第一DC转DC模块的第二端和所述母线单元的负极相连，所述第一负输入端的所述另一侧通过所述第二开关和所述第二正输入端相连，所述第一DC转DC模块的第三端与所述第一通断控制器件的另一端和所述母线单元的正极相连；
所述第二正输入端的与所述第二DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第二通断控制器件的一端相连，所述第二负输入端的与所述第二DC转DC模块的第二端和母线单元负极相连，所述的第二DC转DC模块第三端和所述第二通断控制器件的另一端与母线单元的正极相连；
所述逆变单元的输入端连接所述母线单元，所述逆变单元用于将所述母线单元的正极与负极之间的直流电压转换为交流电。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一通断控制器件为第一二极管，所述第二通断控制器件为第二二极管时；
所述第一正输入端的另一侧与所述第一DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第一二极管的阳极相连，所述第一DC转DC模块的第三端与所述第一二极管的阴极和所述母线单元的正极相连；
所述第二正输入端的另一侧与所述第二DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第二二极管的阳极相连，所述第二DC转DC模块第三端和第二二极管的阴极与母线单元的正极相连。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述逆变器还包括控制器，所述控制器用于检测所述逆变单元的工作状态，并在所述逆变单元处于工作状态时，检测所述第一光伏组串的输出电压 和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述控制器还用于当检测到所述逆变单元不工作时，控制所述第二开关断开，控制所述第一开关断开或者闭合。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和小于第一阈值时，控制所述第一开关断开、所述第二开关闭合、所述第一DC转DC模块工作和所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，所述第一阈值大于或等于所述逆变电源并网时所述母线单元要求的电压。、
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于或等于第一阈值，且小于第二阈值时，控制所述第一开关断开，所述第二开关闭合，所述第一DC转DC模块和所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，输入所述逆变器的能量直接通过所述第二开关和所述的第一二极管输入到所述母线单元。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于或等于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压小于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合，所述第二开关断开，所述第一DC转DC模块和所述第二DC转DC模块工作，所述第三阈值大于或等于第一阈值，小于第二阈值。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压大于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值时，控制第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块不工作和所述第二DC转DC模块正常工作，输入所述第一输入端的能量直接通过所述第一二极管和第一开关,传输至所述母线单元。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于或等于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压大于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块工作和所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，输入所述第二输入端的能量直接通过所述第二二极管传输至所述母线单元。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压大于第四阈值，或所述第二光伏组串的输出电压大于所述第四阈值时，所述逆变单元不工作，并上报告警，所述第四阈值为逆变器的最大输出值。
本申请实施例提供的逆变器，在直流变换单元中设置第一开关和第二开关，可以通过第一开关和第二开关的打开和关断情况，调整直流变换单元中DC/DC模块的使用情况，从而降低能量损耗，提高逆变器的转换效率，提高发电量。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种逆变器，包括：直流变换单元、母线单元和逆变单元；
所述直流变换单元包括第一正输入端、第一负输入端、第二正输入端、第二负输入端、第一直流DC转DC模块、第二DC转DC模块、第一通断控制器件、第二通断控制器件、第一开关和第二开关；
所述第一负输入端的与所述第一DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第一通断控制器件的一端 相连，所述第一负输入端的还通过所述第二开关与所述第二正输入端相连，所述第一正输入端的另一端与所述第一DC转DC模块的第二端和所述母线单元的正极相连，所述的第一DC转DC模块的第三端与所述母线单元的负极和所述第一通断控制器件的另一端相连；
所述第二负输入端的与所述第二DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第二通断控制器件的一端相连，所述第二正输入端的通过所述第一开关与所述第二DC转DC模块的第二端和所述母线单元正极相连，所述的第二DC转DC模块的第三端与所述母线单元的负极和所述第二通断控制器件的另一端相连；
所述逆变单元的输入端连接所述母线单元，所述逆变单元用于将所述母线单元的正极与负极之间的直流电压转换为交流电。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一通断控制器件为第一二极管，所述第二通断控制器件为第二二极管时；
所述第一负输入端的另一端与所述第一DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第一二极管的阴极相连，所述第一DC转DC模块的第三端与所述母线单元的负极和所述第一二极管的阳极相连；
所述第二负输入端的另一端与所述第二DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第二二极管的阴极相连，所述第二DC转DC模块的第三端与所述母线单元的负极和所述第二二极管的阳极相连。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述逆变器还包括控制器，
所述控制器用于检测所述逆变单元的工作状态，并在所述逆变单元处于工作状态时，检测所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述控制器还用于当检测到所述逆变单元不工作时，控制所述第二开关断开，控制所述第一开关断开或者闭合。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和小于第一阈值时，控制所述第一开关断开、所述第二开关闭合、所述第一DC转DC模块不工作和所述第二DC转DC模块工作，所述第一阈值大于或等于所述逆变电源并网时所述母线单元要求的电压。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于或等于第一阈值，且小于第二阈值时，控制所述第一开关断开、所述第二开关闭合，所述第一DC转DC模块和所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，输入所述逆变器的能量直接通过所述第二开关和所述的第一二极管输入到所述母线单元。。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于或等于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压小于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块和所述第二DC转DC模块工作，所述第三阈值大于或等于第一阈值，小于第二阈值。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压大于第三阈值、所述第二光伏组串的输出电压小于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块不工作，所述第二DC转DC模块正常工作，输入所述第二输入端的能量直接通过所述第二二极管传输至所述母线单元。。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述 第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压大于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块工作，所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，输入所述第二输入端的能量直接通过所述第二二极管传输至所述母线单元。。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压大于第四阈值，或所述第二光伏组串的输出电压大于所述第四阈值时，所述逆变单元不工作，并上报告警，所述第四阈值为逆变器的最大输出值。
本申请实施例提供的逆变器，在直流变换单元中设置第一开关和第二开关，可以通过第一开关和第二开关的打开和关断情况，调整直流变换单元中DC/DC模块的使用情况，从而降低能量损耗，提高逆变器的转换效率，提高发电量。
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图1是本申请实施例中逆变器的一结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图；
图14是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图；
图15是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图；
图16是本申请实施例中逆变器的另一结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本申请的实施例进行描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。本领域普通技术人员可知，随着图计算框架的演变和新应用场景的出现，本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题，同样适用。
本申请实施例提供一种逆变器，可以通过第一开关和第二开关的打开和关断情况，调整DC/DC模块的使用情况，从而降低能量损耗，提高逆变器的转换效率，提高发电量。
图1为本申请实施例中逆变器的一结构示意图。
如图1所示，本申请实施例提供的逆变器可以包括：
直流变换单元、母线单元和逆变单元，其中，所述直流变换单元包括第一正输入端、第一负输入端、第二正输入端、第二负输入端、第一直流DC转DC模块、第二DC转DC模块、 第一通断控制器件、第二通断控制器件、第一开关和第二开关；
所述第一正输入端与所述第一DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第一通断控制器件的一端相连，所述第一负输入端通过所述第一开关与所述第一DC转DC模块的第二端和所述母线单元的负极相连，所述第一负输入端的所述另一侧通过所述第二开关和所述第二正输入端相连，所述第一DC转DC模块的第三端与所述第一通断控制器件的另一端和所述母线单元的正极相连；
所述第二正输入端的与所述第二DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第二通断控制器件的一端相连，所述第二负输入端的与所述第二DC转DC模块的第二端和母线单元负极相连，所述的第二DC转DC模块第三端和所述第二通断控制器件的另一端与母线单元的正极相连；
所述逆变单元的输入端连接所述母线单元，所述逆变单元用于将所述母线单元的正极与负极之间的直流电压转换为交流电。
本申请实施例提供的逆变器，在直流变换单元中设置第一开关和第二开关，可以通过第一开关和第二开关的打开和关断情况，调整直流变换单元中DC/DC模块的使用情况，从而降低能量损耗，提高逆变器的转换效率，提高发电量。
具体地，第一正输入端的一侧与第一光伏组串的正极连接，第一负输入端的一侧与第一光伏组串的负极连接，第二正输入端的一侧与第二光伏组串的正极连接，第二负输入端的一侧与第二光伏组串的负极连接。
第一正输入端的另一侧与第一DC转DC模块的第一端和第一通断控制器件的一端相连，第一负输入端的另一侧通过第一开关与第一DC转DC模块的第二端和母线单元的负极相连，第一负输入端的另一侧通过第二开关和第二正输入端相连，第一DC转DC模块的第三端与第一通断控制器件的另一端和母线单元的正极相连。
第二正输入端的另一侧与第二DC转DC模块的第一端和第二通断控制器件的一端相连，第二负输入端的另一侧与第二DC转DC模块的负输入端和母线单元负极相连，的第二DC转DC模块第三端和第二通断控制器件的另一端与母线单元的正极相连。
本申请实施例中，第一通断控制器件和第二通断控制器件都可以是二极管或开关等用于控制线路断开和闭合的器件。
第一开关和第二开关也可以是接触器、继电器、半导体开关器件中的至少一项。
DC转DC模块包括但不限于boost、buck-boost或Cuk电路。
母线单元可以通过正极和负极与逆变单元连接，也可以是母线单元通过正极、中点电位和负极与逆变单元连接。
直流变换单元数量不限于只有一个，可以是两个或两个以上，当直流变换单元数量大于或等于2时，每个直流变换单元均和母线单元相连。
第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串可以是由光伏电池板串联和/或并联组合的。
本申请实施例中，关于第一开关和第二开关的打开与闭合可以由控制器进行控制。如图2所示，本申请实施例提供的逆变器得另一实施例中，逆变器还包括控制器。
所述控制器用于检测所述逆变单元的工作状态，并在所述逆变单元处于工作状态时，检测所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压。
本申请实施例中，可以根据逆变单元的工作状态，以及第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压将控制器的控制状态划分为七种。
其中，第一状态为：所述控制器还用于当检测到所述逆变单元不工作时，控制所述第二开关断开，控制所述第一开关断开或者闭合。
本申请实施例中，若逆变单元不工作，则第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块都不需要工作，则可以有效的降低DC转DC模块所产生的损耗。
第二状态为：所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和小于第一阈值时，控制所述第一开关断开、所述第二开关闭合、所述第一DC转DC模块工作和所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，所述第一阈值大于或等于所述逆变电源并网时所述母线单元要求的电压。具体地，所述第一阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的下限。
本申请实施例中，当第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和小于第一阈值时，第一开关断开，第二开关闭合，则第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串串联，可以提高整体的输出电压，此时只需要第一DC转DC模块工作，将输出电压太高到第一阈值即可。
例如：若电网线电压为480VAC时，母线单元所承受的电压范围在770V至1000V之间，也就是说这种场景下母线单元所承受的电压的下限是770V，上限是1000V。则第一阈值的770V，若第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串对应的输出电压为300v时，则两者输出电压之和是600V，小于770V，这种情况下，控制器控制第一开关断开，第二开关闭合，则第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串串联，第一DC转DC模块工作，将600V的输出电压抬高到770V即可，第二DC转DC模块不需要工作，则可以降低电路损耗，提高逆变器转换效率，提高发电量。
第三状态为：所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第一阈值，且小于第二阈值时，控制所述第一开关断开，所述第二开关闭合，所述第一DC转DC模块和所述第二DC转DC模块不工作。输入所述逆变器的能量直接通过所述第二开关和所述的第一二极管输入到所述母线单元。具体地，所述第一阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的下限，所述第二阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的上限。
还是延续上述场景中的例子，在上述场景中第一阈值是770V，第二阈值为1000V，随着光照的增加，第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串的输出电压都超过385V，例如为390V，此时控制器控制第一开关断开，第二开关闭合，第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串串联，则两个光伏组串的输出电压之和大于770V，不需要再通过DC转DC模块再做抬高了，通过第一通断控制器件输入到母线单元，就能满足逆变器并网的要求。此时第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块都不需要工作，就可以降低电路损耗，提高逆变器转换效率，提高发电量。
第四状态为：所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压小于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合，所述第二开关断开，所述第一DC转DC模块和所述第二C转DC模块工作，所述第三阈值大于或等于第一阈值，小于第二阈值。所述第二阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的上限，所述第三阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的下限。
还是延续上述场景中的例子，在上述场景中第一阈值是770V，第二阈值为1000V，第三阈值为770V，随着光照的增加，第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串的输出电压都达到500V且小 于母线电压最低值770V，若此时将第一开关断开，第二开关闭合，输入串联电压达到1000V，对于1000V规格的逆变器应用临界，考虑到系统的安全性，此时需要将第一开关闭合，第二开关管断开，分别让第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块，进入工作状态，将输出电压抬升到770V,进行并网发电。
第五状态为：所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压大于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值时，控制第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块不工作和所述第二DC转DC模块正常工作，输入所述第一输入端的能量直接通过所述第一二极管和第一开关,传输至所述母线单元。所述第二阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的上限，所述第三阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的下限。
还是延续上述场景中的例子，在上述场景中第一阈值是770V，第二阈值为1000V，第三阈值为770V，随着光照的增加，第一光伏组串的输出电压达到770V，第二串电池板的输出电压达到600V此时，两个光伏组串的输出电压之和为1370V，大于1000V，需要控制器控制断开第二开关，闭合第一开关，此时第一DC转DC模块无需工作，第一光伏组串的输出电压直接通过第一通断控制器件送至母线单元即可，第二DC转DC工作，将第二光伏组串的输出电压抬升至770V再送至母线单元。
第六状态为：所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压大于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块工作和所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，输入所述第二输入端的能量直接通过所述第二二极管传输至所述母线单元。所述第二阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的上限，所述第三阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的下限。
本申请实施例中，第六种状态的情况与第五种状态相似，第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串两者的输出电压之和大于第二阈值，即1000V，但第一光伏组串的输出电压小于第二阈值，即770V，第二光伏组串的输出电压大于770V，则这种情况下，第一DC转DC模块需要工作，将第一光伏组串的输出电压抬高到第三阈值770V，第二DC转DC模块不需要工作，第二光伏组串的输出电压直接通过第二通断控制器件送到母线单元即可。
第七状态为：所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压大于第四阈值，或所述第二光伏组串的输出电压大于所述第四阈值时，所述逆变单元不工作，并上报告警，所述第四阈值为逆变器的最大输出值。
还是延续上述场景中的例子，随着光照的增加，第一光伏组串的输出电压达到770V，第二串电池板的输出电压也达到770V此时，这种情况下，无需再将两个光伏组串串联，所以控制器会控制第二开关断开，第一开关闭合，也无需第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块工作，第一光伏组串的输出电压可以直接通过第一通断控制器件送至母线，第二光伏组串的输出电压可以直接通过第二通断控制器件送至母线。
实际上，上述图1和图2所对应示例中的第一通断控制器件和第二通断控制器件可以是二极管，也可以是开关，下面分别通过图3和图4进行介绍。
如图3所示，本申请实施例提供的逆变器的另一实施例中，第一通断控制器件可为第一 二极管D1，第二通断控制器件为第二二极管D2，这种情况下，第一正输入端的另一侧与第一DC转DC模块的第一端和第一二极管D1的阳极相连，第一DC转DC模块的第三端与第一二极管D1的阴极和母线单元的正极相连；第二正输入端的另一侧与第二DC转DC模块的第一端和第二二极管D2的阳极相连，第二DC转DC模块第三端和第二二极管D2的阴极与母线单元的正极相连。
如图4所示，本申请实施例提供的逆变器的另一实施例中，第一通断控制器件可为第三开关K3，第二通断控制器件为第四开关K4，这种情况下，第一正输入端的另一侧与第一DC转DC模块的第一端和第三开关K3的一端相连，第一负输入端的另一侧通过第一开关与第一DC转DC模块的第二端和母线单元的负极相连，第一负输入端的另一侧通过第二开关和第二正输入端相连，第一DC转DC模块的第三端与第三开关K3的另一端和母线单元的正极相连；第二正输入端的另一侧与第二DC转DC模块的第一端和第四开关K4的一端相连，第二负输入端的另一侧与第二DC转DC模块的负输入端和母线单元负极相连，的第二DC转DC模块第三端和第四开关K4的另一端与母线单元的正极相连。
实际上，第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块可以是通过电路的形式实现的，如图5所示，本申请实施例提供的逆变器的另一实施例中，第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块是电感与电容串联，再与晶体管并联后再连接二极管的电路实现的，该图5所示的结构示例中，第一通断控制器件为第一二极管，第二通断控制器件为第二二极管。不管第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块通过何种电路结构实现，只要能实现太高电压的功能即可。
如图6所示，本申请实施例提供的逆变器的另一实施例中，第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块的电路与上述图5所示出的电路是相同的，差异是第一通断控制器件为第三开关，第二通断控制器件为第四开关。
在上述方案中都只介绍了第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串，实际上，一个逆变器可以连接多个光伏组串，这些光伏组串还可以通过优化器再介入逆变器中，如图7所示出的就是多个光伏组串通过优化器接入逆变器的场景，该场景中，第一通断控制器件为第一二极管，第二通断控制器件为第二二极管。
如图8所示，本申请实施例提供的逆变器的另一实施例中，多个光伏组串通过优化器接入逆变器的场景与图7所示出的情况基本相同，差异是第一通断控制器件为第三开关，第二通断控制器件为第四开关。
图9为本申请实施例提供的逆变器的另一实施例示意图。
如图9所示，本申请实施例提供的逆变器的另一实施例中，逆变器，包括：直流变换单元、母线单元和逆变单元；直流变换单元包括第一正输入端、第一负输入端、第二正输入端、第二负输入端、第一直流DC转DC模块、第二DC转DC模块、第一通断控制器件、第二通断控制器件、第一开关和第二开关。
第一正输入端的一侧与第一光伏组串的正极连接，第一负输入端的一侧与第一光伏组串的负极连接，第二正输入端的一侧与第二光伏组串的正极连接，第二负输入端的一侧与第二光伏组串的负极连接。
第一负输入端的另一端与第一DC转DC模块的第一端和第一通断控制器件的一端相连，第一负输入端的另一端还通过第二开关与第二正输入端相连，第一正输入端的另一端与第一DC转DC模块的第二端和母线单元的正极相连，的第一DC转DC模块的第三端与母线单元的 负极和第一通断控制器件的另一端相连。
第二负输入端的另一端与第二DC转DC模块的第一端和第二通断控制器件的一端相连，第二正输入端的另一端通过第一开关与第二DC转DC模块的第二端和母线单元正极相连，的第二DC转DC模块的第三端与母线单元的负极和第二通断控制器件的另一端相连。
逆变单元的输入端连接母线单元，逆变单元用于将母线单元的正极与负极之间的直流电压转换为交流电。
本申请实施例中，第一通断控制器件和第二通断控制器件都可以是二极管或开关等用于控制线路断开和闭合的器件。
第一开关和第二开关也可以是接触器、继电器、半导体开关器件中的至少一项。
DC转DC模块包括但不限于boost、buck-boost或Cuk电路。
母线单元可以通过正极和负极与逆变单元连接，也可以是母线单元通过正极、中点电位和负极与逆变单元连接。
直流变换单元数量不限于只有一个，可以是两个或两个以上，当直流变换单元数量大于或等于2时，每个直流变换单元均和母线单元相连。
第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串可以是由光伏电池板串联和/或并联组合的。
本申请实施例中，关于第一开关和第二开关的打开与闭合可以由控制器进行控制。如图10所示，本申请实施例提供的逆变器得另一实施例中，逆变器还包括控制器。
所述控制器用于检测所述逆变单元的工作状态，并在所述逆变单元处于工作状态时，检测所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压。
本申请实施例中，可以根据逆变单元的工作状态，以及第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压将控制器的控制状态划分为七种。
其中，第一状态为：所述控制器还用于当检测到所述逆变单元不工作时，控制所述第二开关断开，控制所述第一开关断开或者闭合。
本申请实施例中，若逆变单元不工作，则第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块都不需要工作，则可以有效的降低DC转DC模块所产生的损耗。
第二状态为：所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和小于第一阈值时，控制所述第一开关断开、所述第二开关闭合、所述第一DC转DC模块不工作和所述第二DC转DC模块工作，所述第一阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的下限。
本申请实施例中，当第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和小于第一阈值时，第一开关断开，第二开关闭合，则第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串串联，可以提高整体的输出电压，此时只需要第二DC转DC模块工作，将输出电压太高到第一阈值即可。
例如：若电网线电压为480VAC时，母线单元所承受的电压范围在770V至1000V之间，也就是说这种场景下母线单元所承受的电压的下限是770V，上限是1000V。则第一阈值的770V，若第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串对应的输出电压为300v时，则两者输出电压之和是600V，小于770V，这种情况下，控制器控制第一开关断开，第二开关闭合，则第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串串联，第二DC转DC模块工作，将600V的输出电压抬高到770V即可，第一二DC转DC模块不需要工作，则可以降低电路损耗，提高逆变器转换效率，提高发电量。
第三状态为：所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第一阈值，且小于第二阈值时，控制所述第一开关断开、所述第二开关闭合，所述第一DC转DC模块和所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，所述第一阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的下限，所述第二阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的上限。
还是延续上述场景中的例子，在上述场景中第一阈值是770V，第二阈值为1000V，随着光照的增加，第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串的输出电压都超过385V，例如为390V，此时控制器控制第一开关断开，第二开关闭合，第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串串联，则两个光伏组串的输出电压之和大于770V，不需要再通过DC转DC模块再做抬高了，通过第二通断控制器件输入到母线单元，就能满足逆变器并网的要求。此时第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块都不需要工作，就可以降低电路损耗，提高逆变器转换效率，提高发电量。
第四状态为：所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压小于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块和所述第二DC转DC模块工作，所述第二阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的上限，所述第三阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的下限。
还是延续上述场景中的例子，在上述场景中第一阈值是770V，第二阈值为1000V，第三阈值为770V，随着光照的增加，第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串的输出电压都达到500V且小于母线电压最低值770V，若此时将第一开关断开，第二开关闭合，输入串联电压达到1000V，对于1000V规格的逆变器应用临界，考虑到系统的安全性，此时需要将第一开关闭合，第二开关管断开，分别让第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块，进入工作状态，将输出电压抬升到770V,进行并网发电。
第五状态为：所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压大于第三阈值、所述第二光伏组串的输出电压小于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块不工作，所述第二DC转DC模块正常工作，所述第二阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的上限，所述第三阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的下限。
还是延续上述场景中的例子，在上述场景中第一阈值是770V，第二阈值为1000V，第三阈值为770V，随着光照的增加，第一光伏组串的输出电压达到770V，第二串电池板的输出电压达到600V此时，两个光伏组串的输出电压之和为1370V，大于1000V，需要控制器控制断开第二开关，闭合第一开关，此时第一DC转DC模块无需工作，第一光伏组串的输出电压直接通过第一通断控制器件送至母线单元即可，第二DC转DC工作，将第二光伏组串的输出电压抬升至770V再送至母线单元。
第六状态为：所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压大于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块工作，所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，所述第二阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的上限，所述第三阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的下限。
本申请实施例中，第六种状态的情况与第五种状态相似，第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串两者的输出电压之和大于第二阈值，即1000V，但第一光伏组串的输出电压小于第二阈值， 即770V，第二光伏组串的输出电压大于770V，则这种情况下，第一DC转DC模块需要工作，将第一光伏组串的输出电压抬高到第三阈值770V，第二DC转DC模块不需要工作，第二光伏组串的输出电压直接通过第二通断控制器件送到母线单元即可。
第七状态为：所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压大于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压大于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开，所述第一DC转DC模块和所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，所述第二阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的上限，所述第三阈值为所述母线单元能承受的电压的下限。
还是延续上述场景中的例子，随着光照的增加，第一光伏组串的输出电压达到770V，第二串电池板的输出电压也达到770V此时，这种情况下，无需再将两个光伏组串串联，所以控制器会控制第二开关断开，第一开关闭合，也无需第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块工作，第一光伏组串的输出电压可以直接通过第一通断控制器件送至母线，第二光伏组串的输出电压可以直接通过第二通断控制器件送至母线。
实际上，上述图9和图10所对应示例中的第一通断控制器件和第二通断控制器件可以是二极管，也可以是开关，下面分别通过图11和图12进行介绍。
如图11所示，本申请实施例提供的逆变器的另一实施例中，第一通断控制器件可为第一二极管D1，第二通断控制器件为第二二极管D2，这种情况下，第一负输入端的另一端与第一DC转DC模块的第一端和第一二极管D1的阴极相连，第一DC转DC模块的第三端与母线单元的负极和第一二极管D1的阳极相连；第二负输入端的另一端与第二DC转DC模块的第一端和第二二极管D2的阴极相连，第二DC转DC模块的第三端与母线单元的负极和第二二极管D2的阳极相连。
如图12所示，本申请实施例提供的逆变器的另一实施例中，第一通断控制器件可为第三开关K3，第二通断控制器件为第四开关K4，这种情况下，第一负输入端的另一端与第一DC转DC模块的第一端和第三开关K3的一端相连，第一负输入端的另一端还通过第二开关与第二正输入端相连，第一正输入端的另一端与第一DC转DC模块的第二端和母线单元的正极相连，的第一DC转DC模块的第三端与母线单元的负极和第三开关K3的另一端相连；第二负输入端的另一端与第二DC转DC模块的第一端和第四开关K4的一端相连，第二正输入端的另一端通过第一开关与第二DC转DC模块的第二端和母线单元正极相连，的第二DC转DC模块的第三端与母线单元的负极和第四开关K4的另一端相连。
实际上，第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块可以是通过电路的形式实现的，如图5所示，本申请实施例提供的逆变器的另一实施例中，第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块是电感与电容串联，再与晶体管并联后再连接二极管的电路实现的，该图13所示的结构示例中，第一通断控制器件为第一二极管，第二通断控制器件为第二二极管。不管第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块通过何种电路结构实现，只要能实现太高电压的功能即可。
如图14所示，本申请实施例提供的逆变器的另一实施例中，第一DC转DC模块和第二DC转DC模块的电路与上述图13所示出的电路是相同的，差异是第一通断控制器件为第三开关，第二通断控制器件为第四开关。
在上述方案中都只介绍了第一光伏组串和第二光伏组串，实际上，一个逆变器可以连接多个光伏组串，这些光伏组串还可以通过优化器再介入逆变器中，如图15所示出的就是 多个光伏组串通过优化器接入逆变器的场景，该场景中，第一通断控制器件为第一二极管，第二通断控制器件为第二二极管。
如图16所示，本申请实施例提供的逆变器的另一实施例中，多个光伏组串通过优化器接入逆变器的场景与图15所示出的情况基本相同，差异是第一通断控制器件为第三开关，第二通断控制器件为第四开关。
以上对本申请实施例所提供的逆变器进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种逆变器，其特征在于，包括：直流变换单元、母线单元和逆变单元；
    所述直流变换单元包括第一正输入端、第一负输入端、第二正输入端、第二负输入端、第一直流DC转DC模块、第二DC转DC模块、第一通断控制器件、第二通断控制器件、第一开关和第二开关；
    所述第一正输入端与所述第一DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第一通断控制器件的一端相连，所述第一负输入端通过所述第一开关与所述第一DC转DC模块的第二端和所述母线单元的负极相连，所述第一负输入端的所述另一侧通过所述第二开关和所述第二正输入端相连，所述第一DC转DC模块的第三端与所述第一通断控制器件的另一端和所述母线单元的正极相连；
    所述第二正输入端的与所述第二DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第二通断控制器件的一端相连，所述第二负输入端的与所述第二DC转DC模块的第二端和母线单元负极相连，所述的第二DC转DC模块第三端和所述第二通断控制器件的另一端与母线单元的正极相连；
    所述逆变单元的输入端连接所述母线单元，所述逆变单元用于将所述母线单元的正极与负极之间的直流电压转换为交流电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的逆变器，其特征在于，所述第一通断控制器件为第一二极管，所述第二通断控制器件为第二二极管时；
    所述第一正输入端的另一侧与所述第一DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第一二极管的阳极相连，所述第一DC转DC模块的第三端与所述第一二极管的阴极和所述母线单元的正极相连；
    所述第二正输入端的另一侧与所述第二DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第二二极管的阳极相连，所述第二DC转DC模块第三端和第二二极管的阴极与母线单元的正极相连。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的逆变器，其特征在于，所述逆变器还包括控制器，
    所述控制器用于检测所述逆变单元的工作状态，并在所述逆变单元处于工作状态时，检测所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的逆变器，其特征在于，
    所述控制器还用于当检测到所述逆变单元不工作时，控制所述第二开关断开，控制所述第一开关断开或者闭合。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的逆变器，其特征在于，
    所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和小于第一阈值时，控制所述第一开关断开、所述第二开关闭合、所述第一DC转DC模块工作和所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，所述第一阈值大于或等于所述逆变电源并网时所述母线单元要求的电压。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的逆变器，其特征在于，
    所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于或等于第一阈值，且小于第二阈值时，控制所述第一开关断开，所述第二开关闭合，所述第一DC转DC模块和所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，输入所述逆变器的能量直接通过所述第二开关和所述的第一二极管输入到所述母线单元。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的逆变器，其特征在于，
    所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压 之和大于或等于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压小于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合，所述第二开关断开，所述第一DC转DC模块和所述第二DC转DC模块工作，所述第三阈值大于或等于第一阈值，小于第二阈值。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的逆变器，其特征在于，
    所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压大于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值时，控制第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块不工作和所述第二DC转DC模块正常工作，输入所述第一输入端的能量直接通过所述第一二极管和第一开关,传输至所述母线单元。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的逆变器，其特征在于，
    所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于或等于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压大于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块工作和所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，输入所述第二输入端的能量直接通过所述第二二极管传输至所述母线单元。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的逆变器，其特征在于，
    所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压大于第四阈值，或所述第二光伏组串的输出电压大于所述第四阈值时，所述逆变单元不工作，并上报告警，所述第四阈值为逆变器的最大输出值。
  11. 一种逆变器，其特征在于，包括：直流变换单元、母线单元和逆变单元；
    所述直流变换单元包括第一正输入端、第一负输入端、第二正输入端、第二负输入端、第一直流DC转DC模块、第二DC转DC模块、第一通断控制器件、第二通断控制器件、第一开关和第二开关；
    所述第一负输入端的与所述第一DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第一通断控制器件的一端相连，所述第一负输入端的还通过所述第二开关与所述第二正输入端相连，所述第一正输入端的另一端与所述第一DC转DC模块的第二端和所述母线单元的正极相连，所述的第一DC转DC模块的第三端与所述母线单元的负极和所述第一通断控制器件的另一端相连；
    所述第二负输入端的与所述第二DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第二通断控制器件的一端相连，所述第二正输入端的通过所述第一开关与所述第二DC转DC模块的第二端和所述母线单元正极相连，所述的第二DC转DC模块的第三端与所述母线单元的负极和所述第二通断控制器件的另一端相连；
    所述逆变单元的输入端连接所述母线单元，所述逆变单元用于将所述母线单元的正极与负极之间的直流电压转换为交流电。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的逆变器，其特征在于，所述第一通断控制器件为第一二极管，所述第二通断控制器件为第二二极管时；
    所述第一负输入端的另一端与所述第一DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第一二极管的阴极相连，所述第一DC转DC模块的第三端与所述母线单元的负极和所述第一二极管的阳极相连；
    所述第二负输入端的另一端与所述第二DC转DC模块的第一端和所述第二二极管的阴极相连，所述第二DC转DC模块的第三端与所述母线单元的负极和所述第二二极管的阳极相连。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的逆变器，其特征在于，所述逆变器还包括控制器，
    所述控制器用于检测所述逆变单元的工作状态，并在所述逆变单元处于工作状态时，检测所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的逆变器，其特征在于，
    所述控制器还用于当检测到所述逆变单元不工作时，控制所述第二开关断开，控制所述第一开关断开或者闭合。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的逆变器，其特征在于，
    所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和小于第一阈值时，控制所述第一开关断开、所述第二开关闭合、所述第一DC转DC模块不工作和所述第二DC转DC模块工作，所述第一阈值大于或等于所述逆变电源并网时所述母线单元要求的电压。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的逆变器，其特征在于，
    所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于或等于第一阈值，且小于第二阈值时，控制所述第一开关断开、所述第二开关闭合，所述第一DC转DC模块和所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，输入所述逆变器的能量直接通过所述第二开关和所述的第一二极管输入到所述母线单元。。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的逆变器，其特征在于，
    所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于或等于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压小于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块和所述第二DC转DC模块工作，所述第三阈值大于或等于第一阈值，小于第二阈值。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的逆变器，其特征在于，
    所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压大于第三阈值、所述第二光伏组串的输出电压小于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块不工作，所述第二DC转DC模块正常工作，输入所述第二输入端的能量直接通过所述第二二极管传输至所述母线单元。。
  19. 根据权利要求13所述的逆变器，其特征在于，
    所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压小于第三阈值，所述第二光伏组串的输出电压大于所述第三阈值时，控制所述第一开关闭合、所述第二开关断开、所述第一DC转DC模块工作，所述第二DC转DC模块不工作，输入所述第二输入端的能量直接通过所述第二二极管传输至所述母线单元。。
  20. 根据权利要求13所述的逆变器，其特征在于，
    所述控制器还用于当所述第一光伏组串的输出电压和所述第二光伏组串的输出电压的电压之和大于第二阈值，且所述第一光伏组串的输出电压大于第四阈值，或所述第二光伏组串的输出电压大于所述第四阈值时，所述逆变单元不工作，并上报告警，所述第四阈值为逆变器的最大输出值。
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