CN104651569A - Surface modification method of cast iron - Google Patents

Surface modification method of cast iron Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104651569A
CN104651569A CN201510091787.1A CN201510091787A CN104651569A CN 104651569 A CN104651569 A CN 104651569A CN 201510091787 A CN201510091787 A CN 201510091787A CN 104651569 A CN104651569 A CN 104651569A
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Prior art keywords
cast iron
cast
iron
gas
alloy
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CN201510091787.1A
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CN104651569B (en
Inventor
陆磊
廖先金
陆德平
余玖明
张林伟
周喆
邹晋
付青峰
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Institute of Applied Physics of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
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Institute of Applied Physics of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a surface modification method of cast iron, particularly a novel cast iron material surface modification technique by using electric explosion, gaseous detonation and plasma energy superposition, which performs modification treatment on the cast iron material surface by using high energy superposition. The method has the characteristics of one or two or more of the three surface modification techniques (plasma surface modification, gaseous detonation and electric explosion), can implement treatment in an atmospheric environment, has the advantages of low cost and high treatment efficiency, can form a 70-150-mu m-thick enhanced modified layer on the surface of the cast iron part, and can enhance the wearability, corrosion resistance and service life of the cast iron part by 1-6 times. The method is suitable for surface modification treatment of gray cast iron, malleable cast iron, nodular cast iron, vermicular cast iron and alloy cast iron parts, and can be widely used in the fields of mechanical industry, aviation manufacturing and the like.

Description

A kind of surface modifying method of cast iron
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallic substance process field, is a kind of for graphitic cast iron, malleable iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron, vermicular cast iron, alloy cast iron material surface modifying method.
Background technology
Cast iron is that carbon content is greater than 2.11%, and contains the ferrous alloy of the element such as Si, Mn, S, P.Cast iron because having good castibility, machinable, weakening, production cost are low, be industrially widely used.According to the difference of Graphite in Cast Iron form (sheet, roll into a ball cotton-shaped, spherical, vermiform), cast iron can be divided into graphitic cast iron, malleable iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron and vermicular cast iron.In addition, cast alloy iron can be obtained when adding other appropriate alloying element in cast iron.
Graphitic cast iron be mainly used in cylinder in vehicle, cylinder liner, lathe lathe bed etc. bear the component of pressure and load.The alternative medium carbon steel of spheroidal graphite cast iron, medium carbon alloy steel manufacture the main shaft etc. of the bent axle of engine, connecting rod, camshaft and lathe.Malleable iron can be applicable to complex-shaped, require to withstand shocks the automobile of load, the front and back hub, reducing gearbox, steering knuckle shell etc. of tractor.Vermicular cast iron is usually used in ingot mold, glass mold, cylinder of diesel engine, cylinder head, vapor pipe, brake component etc. under thermal cycling loads condition, and complex structure, requires the valve body of the hydraulicvalve of high strength, the pump housing etc. of resistance to press pump.Cast alloy iron is according to the difference of adding alloying element, there is high strength, the performance such as heat-resisting, corrosion-resistant, wear-resisting, be widely used in manufacturing crankshaft of diesel engine, connecting rod, packing pot and transmission chain in heating-furnace base plate, fire bars, stack damper, heat treatment furnace, pipeline in chemical machinery, reactor, Sheng storage, and the part such as the tup of large-size ball mill liner plate and large-scale pulverizer.
Cast iron is because being with a wide range of applications, and the enhancement method of cast iron have also been obtained the extensive research of domestic and international expert.The surface reinforcing method of current cast iron mainly contains: electron beam treatment, laser beam treatment, Ion Beam Treatment, induction heating process, surface carburization, surface boronizing etc.But existing method all comes with some shortcomings: (1) electron beam treatment environmental requirement is strict, needs to process under vacuum.(2) region that at every turn processes of laser beam is very little, and energy is too concentrated and caused unrelieved stress large.(3) Ion Beam Treatment energy density is low.(4) induction heating treatment facility is complicated, is difficult to ensure the quality of products to complex-shaped workpiece.(5) there is the bad and high in cost of production problem of equipment complexity, temperature uniformity in surface carburization and surface boronizing.
Therefore, in order to overcome the deficiency that the existing enhancement method of cast iron exists, needing a kind of novel Surface-modified of Cast Iron technology of exploitation badly, making cast iron materials or component obtain better wear resistance, erosion resistance, longer work-ing life, can machining efficiency be improved again simultaneously, reduce production cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, in order to overcome the deficiency that the existing enhancement method of cast iron exists, the present invention proposes a kind of surface modifying method of cast iron.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, the surface modifying method of a kind of cast iron of the present invention passes through the electrical explosion of metal electric polar filament, and the electrode of high pressure ionization metal or alloy, simultaneously inflammable gas and oxygen or air burst forms gaseous plasma, the component surface of the high speed plasma bombardment cast iron of mixing, rapid heating and the quick cooling of cast iron make the graphite form in tissue change, part graphite changes cementite into, the strengthening modified layer of 70-150 μm of thickness is formed on the surface of cast iron, the wear resistance of cast-iron parts can be improved, erosion resistance and work-ing life 1-6 times.
The present invention is undertaken by following steps to Surface-modified of Cast Iron technical finesse:
(1) circuit and gas prepare: the voltage of employing >=2kv, and frequency is the pulsed current of 0.2-50HZ; Explosion gases adopts one or more gas mixture of inflammable gas and oxygen or air to form mixed gas by a certain percentage;
(2) cast-iron parts is fixing: be fixed on after machining on platform on the surface of pending cast-iron parts;
(3) gas is passed into: first logical recirculated air cooling plasma emission cavity, passes into inflammable gas and oxygen, starting ignition device subsequently by a certain percentage;
(4) voltage of trigger voltage: startup >=2kv, and the pulsed current adding 0.2-50HZ;
(6) cool: the cast-iron parts after process can use with recirculated air cooling on a mobile platform.
High pressure ionization of the present invention carries out in plasma emission chamber; The electrode of high pressure ionization is metal or alloy, comprises at least one metal or alloy in titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium metal.
The inflammable gas that explosion gases of the present invention adopts comprises methane, acetylene, ethene, propane or hydrogen.The volume ratio of inflammable gas and oxygen is 2.5:1; Mixed gas flow is 80-100 L/min.
Cast iron in the present invention comprises graphitic cast iron, malleable iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron, vermicular cast iron and cast alloy iron.
The inventive method can be carried out the process of cast iron under atmospheric environment.
Principle of work of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention adopt high-energy superpose to the process of cast iron materials modifying surface, specifically utilize electrical explosion, gaseous detonation, energy of plasma superposition a kind of new surface modifications technology to the process of cast-iron parts modifying surface.
Specific implementation process is: electric current is by bipolar metal electrode interval type conducting in electrode pair plasma emission chamber, a large amount of heat energy is produced to metal pole and forms Metal Explosion, the element titanium of metal or alloy, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum element metal gas, now to bipolar metal electrode high-pressure, producing energy density of plasma can reach 10 4-10 7w/cm, exploding at the hybrid chamber interior orientation that burns after recycling combustible gas methane, acetylene, ethene, propane, hydrogen and oxygen mix, the speed produced reaches 3000-8000m/s, temperature rise rate can reach 10 7the high current of K/s, bombards bombardment cast iron materials surface with frequency 0.2-50HZ.The high current plasma body of electrical explosion, gaseous detonation and plasma body to the rapid heating of Cast Iron Surface bombardment effect and cast iron and fast cooling the graphite form in tissue is changed, modified layer is formed in Cast Iron Surface, part graphite changes graphite form in cementite or material into and becomes, the strengthening modified layer that can be greater than 70 μm at the material surface formation thickness of cast iron, can improve the wear resistance of cast-iron parts, erosion resistance and work-ing life 1-6 times.
Advantage of the present invention is: can process under atmospheric environment, working (machining) efficiency is high, electrode and inflammable gas easily obtain and comprehensive production cost is low, form the strengthening modified layer of 70-150 μm of thickness on the surface of cast iron, the wear resistance of cast-iron parts, erosion resistance and work-ing life 1-6 times can be improved.
Cast-iron parts surface reforming layer stable performance handled by the inventive method, processing efficiency is high, and cost reduces by 50% than traditional Cast Iron Surface enhancement method, can be used as the intensive treatment of cast iron materials.The present invention is applicable to the surface modification treatment of graphitic cast iron, malleable iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron, vermicular cast iron, cast alloy iron component, can in the widespread use of the field such as mechanical industry, aeronautical manufacture.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the Nodular Iron photo of the inventive method process;
Fig. 3 is the microstructure of grey cast iron photo of the inventive method process;
Fig. 4 is the frictional coefficient change curve in time of graphitic cast iron-SiC before and after process of the present invention, and wherein curve 1 is untreated, and curve 2 is after process;
Fig. 5 is spheroidal graphite cast iron-ZrO before and after process of the present invention 2frictional coefficient change curve in time, wherein curve 1 is untreated, curve 2 be process after.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but protection content of the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is implemented with graphitic cast iron (HT200) is upper at Motor Engine Cylinder:
(1) circuit and gas prepare: the voltage of electrical explosion employing >=2kv, adopt tungsten bar electrode; Explosion gases adopts the mixed gas of methane, acetylene gas and oxygen, air.
(2) component is fixing: by the Motor Engine Cylinder of casting with on graphitic cast iron (HT200) steady job platform.
(3) gas is passed into: first logical recirculated air cooling plasma emission cavity, pass into methane, acetylene gas and oxygen mix ratio (1:1.5:1) subsequently by a certain percentage, mixed gas flow 100L/min, setting bombardment frequency frequency is 5HZ, starting ignition device.
(4) trigger voltage: start 2.5kv voltage, process frequency is 5HZ, and the engine cylinder after process cools with recirculated air on platform.
Graphitic cast iron (HT200) surface strengthening layer thickness after process is 70 μm.
Graphitic cast iron (HT200) after process is than untreated graphitic cast iron (HT200) wear resistance and improve 2 times work-ing life.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is implemented on camshaft cast alloy iron:
(1) pulsing circuit and gas prepare: adopt voltage 5kv; Explosion gases adopts the mixed gas ratio of mixture (1:1.5:1) of hydrogen and oxygen, air; Mixed gas flow is 80L/min; Electric detonation adopts chromium rod to be electrode.
(2) cast-iron parts is fixing: be fixed on the mobile platform of numerical control by the camshaft cast alloy iron (adding alloying element Mn, the graphitic cast iron CAC480 camshaft of Cr, Mo, Cu) after slightly polishing through surface.
(3) gas is passed into: first logical recirculated air cooling plasma emission cavity, passes into hydrogen, propane gas and oxygen subsequently by a certain percentage, and starting ignition device, light gaseous detonation.
(4) mobile working platform: mobile working platform, keeps the distance 100 μm of plasma emission cavity and camshaft.
(5) trigger voltage: start 5kv voltage, and add the pulse of 10HZ.
(6) cool: the cast alloy iron after process cools with recirculated air on a mobile platform.
(7) following process: surface treated cast alloy iron can use after slight polishing.
After process, cast alloy iron surface layer thickness is 110 μm.
Cast alloy iron after process than untreated cast alloy iron wear resistance and improve 3 times work-ing life.

Claims (7)

1. the surface modifying method of a cast iron, it is characterized in that, described method is by the electrical explosion of metal electric polar filament, and the electrode of high pressure ionization metal or alloy, simultaneously inflammable gas and oxygen or air burst forms gaseous plasma, the component surface of the high speed plasma bombardment cast iron of mixing, rapid heating and the quick cooling of cast iron make the graphite form in tissue change, part graphite changes cementite into, the strengthening modified layer of 70-150 μm of thickness is formed on the surface of cast iron, the wear resistance of cast-iron parts can be improved, erosion resistance and work-ing life 1-6 times.
2. the surface modifying method of a kind of cast iron according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described method is undertaken by following steps to Surface-modified of Cast Iron technical finesse:
(1) circuit and gas prepare: adopt voltage >=2 kv, process frequency is 0.2-50HZ; Explosion gases adopts one or more gas mixture of inflammable gas and oxygen or air to form mixed gas by a certain percentage;
(2) cast-iron parts is fixing: be fixed on after machining on the mobile platform of numerical control on the surface of pending cast-iron parts;
(3) gas is passed into: first logical recirculated air cooling plasma emission cavity, passes into inflammable gas and oxygen, starting ignition device subsequently by a certain percentage;
(4) trigger voltage: determine voltage >=2kv;
(5) cool: the cast-iron parts after process can use with recirculated air cooling on a mobile platform.
3. the surface modifying method of a kind of cast iron according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described electrode is metal or alloy, comprises at least one metal or alloy of titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium metal.
4. the surface modifying method of a kind of cast iron according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inflammable gas comprises methane, acetylene, ethene, propane or hydrogen.
5. the surface modifying method of a kind of cast iron according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the volume ratio of described inflammable gas and oxygen is 2.5:1; Mixed gas flow is 80-100 L/min.
6. the surface modifying method of a kind of cast iron according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described cast iron comprises graphitic cast iron, malleable iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron, vermicular cast iron and cast alloy iron.
7. the surface modifying method of a kind of cast iron according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described method is carried out under atmospheric environment the process of cast iron.
CN201510091787.1A 2015-03-02 2015-03-02 A kind of surface modifying method of cast iron Active CN104651569B (en)

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105881824A (en) * 2016-06-19 2016-08-24 浙江台州美多模具有限公司 Injection mold for storage boxes of automobiles

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RU2722958C1 (en) * 2019-11-25 2020-06-05 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный аграрный университет" (ФГБОУ ВО Волгоградский ГАУ) Method for thermal hardening of cutting parts of working members
RU2718522C1 (en) * 2019-11-25 2020-04-08 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный аграрный университет" (ФГБОУ ВО Волгоградский ГАУ) Method of electric contact thermal strengthening of cutting parts of working tools

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN105881824B (en) * 2016-06-19 2018-01-30 浙江台州美多模具有限公司 Automobile storage box injection mold

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