CN104620715B - Biology soil preparing method for soil animal ecological restoration in abandoned farmland - Google Patents
Biology soil preparing method for soil animal ecological restoration in abandoned farmland Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biology soil preparing method for soil animal ecological restoration in an abandoned farmland and relates to a soil preparing method for abandoned farmland ecological restoration. The technical problems that currently, restoration and improving attention on soil animals from animal soil is low, soil animal restoration is purely by nature, restoration speed is low, and community composition is not complete are solved. The method comprises the steps that first, a biology soil base is prepared; second, the biology soil base is cultured in a pre-restoration target natural ecosystem; and third, the biology soil is transplanted to the abandoned farmland. The method has the advantages that the biology soil is cultured in the natural ecosystem, soil animals in the biology soil are attracted and amplified, then transplanting to the abandoned farmland is carried out, the fact that the soil animals are native species is guaranteed, invasion of alien species is avoided, ecological risks are avoided, soil animal restoration in the abandoned farmland can be promoted effectively, the effects of soil improving, soil organic matter increasing, soil porosity enlarging and water retention and weight gaining are achieved, and operation is easy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil processing method of rejected reasons ecological recovery.
Technical background
With the raising further strengthened with ecological protection consciousness of China's Ecological Civilization Construction, main eco-functional regionalization
A large amount of violation cultivation arable lands and middle-and-low-yielding fields, have all carried out or will carry out conceding the land to forestry, returning farmland to grassland and conceded the land also wet etc.
Farming.At present, the revegetation of rejected reasons adopts the means such as the auxiliary recovery of seed bank clear-cutting forestland, artificial growth or transplanting,
Effectively can be recovered in a short time.For revegetation, the recovery of soil is more slow.Long-time farming is caused
The physics of arable soil, chemistry and biological property are there occurs significantly compared with the natural ecosystems soil property before which is opened up wasteland
Change.
In natural soils biology, both containing soil microorganisms such as abundant antibacterial, funguses, actinomycetes and algae, also contain
The abundant soil animal such as Collembola, acarine, nematicide, Mollusca and protozoacide.Soil animal is soil ecosystem
Important component part, enormous amount, constitute it is various.Take food and the activity of soil animal directly affects soil material circulation and energy
Amount flowing, plays an important role to Zinc fractions, development, differentiation and the maintenance of function.Therefore, it is rejected reasons that soil animal recovers
The important component part of soil restoration.The composition and quantity of soil animal, has become the important indicator of Soil ecology restoration.
Biological soil is the important means of soil restoration and improvement.But the biological soil that generally adopts at present and its various change
Good dose, all it is concentrated mainly on soil microorganism, the recovery and improvement concern to soil animal is little, and soil animal relies on merely
Clear-cutting forestland, resume speed are slow, and group's composition is imperfect.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to solve recovery and improvement concern of the biological soil to soil animal at present is little, soil animal is simple
By clear-cutting forestland, resume speed is slow, and group constitutes incomplete technical problem, and provides one kind and be applied to soil in rejected reasons
The biological soil preparation method that animal ecology recovers.
A kind of biological soil preparation method for being applied to soil fauna recovery in rejected reasons of the present invention is by following
What step was carried out：
First, the making of biological soil base：Crop material that parts by weight are 10 parts～30 parts, 30 parts～35 parts are grown nonparasitically upon another plant true
The soft rot of bacterium is wooden, 30 parts～55 parts of peat and 5 parts of rejected reasons soil are sufficiently mixed, and obtains biological soil base；Described
10 parts～30 parts of crop material, the soft rot wood of 30 parts～35 parts of epiphytic fungis, 30 parts～55 parts of peat and 5 parts are conceded the land
Ground soil is from field direct access；
2nd, culture of the biological soil base in pre-restore target natural ecosystems：The biological soil that step one is obtained
It is 20cm～40cm that base is divided into thickness and area is 2m2～5m2Rectangle biological soil base, by rectangle biological soil base in phase
Mutually at intervals of the dispersed natural ecosystems for being deposited in rejected reasons pre-restore target same type under conditions of 10m～30m
In, cultivate 1 month～6 months in the natural ecosystems of rejected reasons pre-restore target same type, obtain biological soil；Institute
The distance between natural ecosystems and rejected reasons of the rejected reasons pre-restore target same type stated are less than or equal to 10km；
3rd, biological soil is transplanted to rejected reasons：The biological soil that step 2 is obtained is reclaimed, then according to thickness is 5cm
～20cm, area are 2m2～10m2Be laid in rejected reasons at intervals of 10m～30m is dispersed, biological soil is transplanted to and is moved back
The humidity of biological soil is kept to be not less than the 70% of the biological soil humidity that step 2 is obtained in initial 30 days of arable land.
Rejected reasons are the pre- violation cultivation arable land for carrying out grassplots restored from reclamation, forest land or wetland and middle-and-low-yielding fields.
The principle of the present invention：On the one hand, soil animal, particularly middle-size and small-size arthropod are sensitive to environmental response.It is natural
Ecosystem after the interference of the cultivation of long period, applying pesticides and chemical fertilizer, the type and quantity of soil animal it is notable under
Drop, group composition also with its cultivation before natural ecosystems significant difference；On the other hand, in natural ecosystems, soil is moved
Thing quantity is big, and species is more, and distribution is wide, and breeding is rapid.The present invention adopts the good biological soil base of physico chemical factor, in natural, ecological
Easily attract soil animal in system perches colonization and breeding amplification.Meanwhile, soil animal range of activity is relatively small, perches
Demand space is little, and the biological soil after recovery is transplanted in rejected reasons, the soil being capable of in the guarantee biological soil of long period
Animal survival and breeding, and progressively can extend to surrounding soil as soil animal introduces a collection.
Advantages of the present invention：
First, the present invention can effectively facilitate the recovery of soil animal in rejected reasons, solve current biological amelioration and only close
Note microorganism, lacks the problem of the method for promoting soil animal to recover；
2nd, in the present invention, biological soil, using training method in natural ecosystems, attracts and expands in biological soil
Soil animal, is then transplanted to the method for rejected reasons, it is ensured that soil animal is all endemic species, it is to avoid foreign term, nothing
Ecological risk；
3rd, the use of biological soil of the present invention, promote soil animal recover while, it is also possible to reach improved soil,
Increase the soil organism, increase soil porosity, the effect of water conservation weight gaining；
4th, the inventive method step is simple, processing ease, effect is significant.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment one：Present embodiment is a kind of biology soil for being applied to soil fauna recovery in rejected reasons
Earth preparation method, is specifically carried out according to the following steps：
First, the making of biological soil base：Crop material that parts by weight are 10 parts～30 parts, 30 parts～35 parts are grown nonparasitically upon another plant
The soft rot of funguses is wooden, 30 parts～55 parts of peat and 5 parts of rejected reasons soil are sufficiently mixed, and obtains biological soil base；It is described
10 parts～30 parts crop material, the soft rot wood of 30 parts～35 parts of epiphytic fungis, 30 parts～55 parts of peat and 5 parts move back
Arable soil is from field direct access；
2nd, culture of the biological soil base in pre-restore target natural ecosystems：The biological soil that step one is obtained
It is 20cm～40cm that base is divided into thickness and area is 2m2～5m2Rectangle biological soil base, by rectangle biological soil base in phase
Mutually at intervals of the dispersed natural ecosystems for being deposited in rejected reasons pre-restore target same type under conditions of 10m～30m
In, cultivate 1 month～6 months in the natural ecosystems of rejected reasons pre-restore target same type, obtain biological soil；Institute
The distance between natural ecosystems and rejected reasons of the rejected reasons pre-restore target same type stated are less than or equal to 10km；
3rd, biological soil is transplanted to rejected reasons：The biological soil that step 2 is obtained is reclaimed, then according to thickness is 5cm
～20cm, area are 2m2～10m2Be laid in rejected reasons at intervals of 10m～30m is dispersed, biological soil is transplanted to and is moved back
The humidity of biological soil is kept to be not less than the 70% of the biological soil humidity that step 2 is obtained in initial 30 days of arable land.
The principle of present embodiment：On the one hand, soil animal, particularly middle-size and small-size arthropod are sensitive to environmental response.
Natural ecosystems after the interference of the cultivation of long period, applying pesticides and chemical fertilizer, the type and quantity of soil animal it is aobvious
Write decline, group composition also with its cultivation before natural ecosystems significant difference；On the other hand, soil in natural ecosystems
Earth size of animal is big, and species is more, and distribution is wide, and breeding is rapid.Present embodiment adopts the good biological soil base of physico chemical factor,
Easily attract soil animal in natural ecosystems perches colonization and breeding amplification.Meanwhile, soil animal range of activity is relative
It is less, perch that demand space is little, the biological soil after recovery is transplanted in rejected reasons, is capable of the guarantee biological soil of long period
In soil animal existence and breed, and progressively can extend to surrounding soil as soil animal introduces a collection.
The advantage of present embodiment：
First, present embodiment can effectively facilitate the recovery of soil animal in rejected reasons, solve current biological amelioration
Microorganism is concerned only with, lacks the problem of the method for promoting soil animal to recover；
2nd, in present embodiment, biological soil, using training method in natural ecosystems, attracts and expands biological soil
In soil animal, be then transplanted to the method for rejected reasons, it is ensured that soil animal is all endemic species, it is to avoid alien species enter
Invade, without ecological risk；
3rd, the use of present embodiment biological soil, while promoting soil animal to recover, it is also possible to reach conditioned soil
Earth, the increase soil organism, increase soil porosity, the effect of water conservation weight gaining；
4th, the method and step of present embodiment is simple, processing ease, effect is significant.
Specific embodiment two：Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one：By parts by weight in step one
Rejected reasons soil for 20 parts of crop material, the soft rot wood of 35 parts of epiphytic fungis, 40 parts of peat and 5 parts is sufficiently mixed,
Obtain biological soil base；The crop material of described 20 parts, the soft rot wood of 35 parts of epiphytic fungis, 40 parts of peat and 5 parts
Rejected reasons soil is from field direct access.Other are identical with specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment three：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to two:Institute in step one
The soft rot wood of the epiphytic fungi stated is soft rotten Betula platyphylla Suk., black birch, Yue Hua, Quercus mongolica, Cortex Populi dividianae or aspen wood.Other be embodied as
One of mode one to two is identical.
Specific embodiment four：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three：In step 2 when
When rejected reasons pre-restore target type is respectively meadow, forest land and wetland, natural ecosystems are respectively natural meadow, natural forests
Ground and natural wetland ecosystem.Other are identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.
Specific embodiment five：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four：Will in step 2
It is 30cm that the biological soil base that step one is obtained is divided into thickness and area is 4m2Rectangle biological soil base, will be rectangle biological
Soil base it is spaced for 20m under conditions of it is dispersed be deposited in it is natural raw with rejected reasons pre-restore target same type
In state system, cultivate 5 months naturally, obtain biological soil.Other are identical with one of specific embodiment one to four.
Specific embodiment six：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five：Will in step 3
Biological soil that step 2 is obtained is reclaimed, then according to it is 8m that thickness is 15cm, area2With at intervals of the dispersed tilings of 20m
In rejected reasons.Other are identical with one of specific embodiment one to five.
Specific embodiment seven：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to six：Institute in step one
The peat stated is the natural peat in peat bog.Other are identical with one of specific embodiment one to six.
Using following verification experimental verifications effect of the present invention：
Test one：This test is applied to the biological soil preparation method that soil fauna recovers in rejected reasons for a kind of,
Specifically carry out according to the following steps：
In May, 2011-September select Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province " returning farmland to grassland pasture " in tested：
First, the making of biological soil base：By Oryza sativa L. rice husk that parts by weight are 30 parts, half decomposition of 30 parts of epiphytic fungi
Betula platyphylla Suk. rotten wood bits, the rejected reasons soil of 35 parts of peat and 5 parts are sufficiently mixed, and obtain biological soil base；The water of described 30 parts
Rice rice husk, the half of 30 epiphytic fungis decompose the rejected reasons soil of Betula platyphylla Suk. rotten wood bits, 35 parts of peat and 5 parts directly in 2011
May is obtained from the forest land of rejected reasons periphery, grassy marshland, marsh and rejected reasons, and raw material keeps its inherent moisture bar before being sufficiently mixed
Part；
2nd, culture of the biological soil base in pre-restore target natural ecosystems：The biological soil that step one is obtained
It is 20cm that base is divided into thickness and area is 2.5m2Rectangle biological soil base, by rectangle biological soil base spaced be
It is dispersed under conditions of 10m to be deposited in the natural ecosystems of rejected reasons pre-restore target same type, it is pre- in rejected reasons
Cultivate 2 months in recovering the natural ecosystems of target same type, obtain biological soil；Described rejected reasons pre-restore target
The distance between natural ecosystems and rejected reasons of same type are 1km；In step 2, rejected reasons pre-restore target type is
Meadow, natural ecosystems are Deyeuxia angustifolia grassy marshland；
3rd, biological soil is transplanted to rejected reasons：The biological soil that step 2 is obtained is reclaimed, then according to thickness is
10cm, area are 1m2Be laid in rejected reasons at intervals of 25m is dispersed, biological soil is transplanted to initial the 30 of rejected reasons
In it humidity kept by biological soil is not less than the 70% of the biological soil humidity that step 2 is obtained, is needed by mending if necessary
Water mode feeds soil moisture.
In Septembers, 2011 and in June, 2013 sampling separate soil animal and show, using the rejected reasons of biological soil in test one
The soil animal kind analogy of 0～5m of middle biological soil periphery is not using the rejected reasons soil animal kind of biological soil in test one
Class many 22%～43%, density is high by 15%～35%, and biological soil plays a part of preferable soil animal introduces a collection, promotes soil
The recovery of earth animal.
Test two：This test is applied to the biological soil preparation method that soil fauna recovers in rejected reasons for a kind of,
Specifically carry out according to the following steps：
In May, 2011～September select Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province " conceding the land to forestry " in tested：
First, the making of biological soil base：By rice straw that parts by weight are 20 parts, half decomposition of 35 parts of epiphytic fungi
Bavin birch rotten wood bits, the rejected reasons soil of 40 parts of peat and 5 parts are sufficiently mixed, and obtain biological soil base；The water of described 20 parts
Rice straw, half decomposition bavin birch rotten wood bits of 35 parts of epiphytic fungi, 40 parts of peat and 5 parts rejected reasons soil directly in
In May, 2011 is obtained from the forest land of rejected reasons periphery, grassy marshland, marsh and rejected reasons, and raw material keeps which original before being sufficiently mixed
Damp condition；
2nd, culture of the biological soil base in pre-restore target natural ecosystems：The biological soil that step one is obtained
It is 25cm that base is divided into thickness and area is 3m2Rectangle biological soil base, by rectangle biological soil base spaced for 20m
Under conditions of dispersed be deposited in the natural ecosystems of rejected reasons pre-restore target same type, in rejected reasons pre-restore
Cultivate 1.5 months in the natural ecosystems of target same type, obtain biological soil；Described rejected reasons pre-restore target phase
The distance between natural ecosystems and rejected reasons of same type are 1km；In step 2, rejected reasons pre-restore target type is woods
Ground, natural ecosystems are the secondary Betula forest land of nature；
3rd, biological soil is transplanted to rejected reasons：The biological soil that step 2 is obtained is reclaimed, then according to thickness is
20cm, area are 2m2Be laid in rejected reasons at intervals of 20m is dispersed, biological soil is transplanted to initial the 30 of rejected reasons
In it humidity kept by biological soil is not less than the 70% of the biological soil humidity that step 2 is obtained, is needed by mending if necessary
Water mode feeds soil moisture.
In Septembers, 2011 and in June, 2013 sampling separate soil animal and show, in the rejected reasons using two biological soils of test
The soil animal kind analogy of biological soil 0～5m of periphery is not using the rejected reasons soil animal kind of the biological soil for testing two
Class, more 35%～45%, density is high by 30%～48%.Biological soil plays a part of preferable soil animal introduces a collection, effectively promotees
The recovery of Rehabilitated land soil animal is entered.
Claims (5)
1. it is a kind of to be applied to the biological soil preparation method that soil fauna recovers in rejected reasons, it is characterised in that to be applied to move back
The biological soil preparation method that soil fauna recovers in arable land is carried out according to the following steps：
First, the making of biological soil base：By crop material that parts by weight are 10 parts～30 parts, 30 parts～35 parts of epiphytic fungi
Soft rot wood, 30 parts～55 parts of peat and 5 parts of rejected reasons soil be sufficiently mixed, obtain biological soil base；
Peat described in step one is the natural peat in peat bog；
2nd, culture of the biological soil base in pre-restore target natural ecosystems：The biological soil base that step one is obtained point
It is 20cm～40cm to be cut into thickness and area is 2m2～5m2Rectangle biological soil base, by rectangle biological soil base mutual
Be divided into it is dispersed under conditions of 10m～30m be deposited in the natural ecosystems of rejected reasons pre-restore target same type,
Cultivate 1 month～6 months in the natural ecosystems of rejected reasons pre-restore target same type, obtain biological soil；Described
The distance between natural ecosystems and rejected reasons of rejected reasons pre-restore target same type are less than or equal to 10km；
In step 2 when rejected reasons pre-restore target type is respectively meadow, forest land and wetland, natural ecosystems are respectively
Natural meadow, natural forest land and natural wetland ecosystem；
3rd, biological soil is transplanted to rejected reasons：Biological soil that step 2 is obtained is reclaimed, then according to thickness be 5cm～
20cm, area are 2m2～10m2Be laid in rejected reasons at intervals of 10m～30m is dispersed, biological soil is transplanted to and is conceded the land
The humidity of biological soil is kept to be not less than the 70% of the biological soil humidity that step 2 is obtained in initial 30 days of ground；
Described rejected reasons are the pre- violation cultivation arable land for carrying out grassplots restored from reclamation, forest land or wetland and middle-and-low-yielding fields.
2. it is according to claim 1 a kind of to be applied to the biological soil preparation side that soil fauna recovers in rejected reasons
Method, it is characterised in that in step one by crop material that parts by weight are 20 parts, the soft rot wood of 35 parts of epiphytic fungis, 40 parts
The rejected reasons soil of peat and 5 parts is sufficiently mixed, and obtains biological soil base；The crop material of described 20 parts, 35 parts grow nonparasitically upon another plant it is true
The soft rot wood of bacterium, the rejected reasons soil of 40 parts of peat and 5 parts are from field direct access.
3. it is according to claim 1 a kind of to be applied to the biological soil preparation side that soil fauna recovers in rejected reasons
Method, it is characterised in that the soft rot wood of the epiphytic fungi described in step one is soft rotten Betula platyphylla Suk., black birch, Yue Hua, Quercus mongolica, Cortex Populi dividianae
Or aspen wood.
4. it is according to claim 1 a kind of to be applied to the biological soil preparation side that soil fauna recovers in rejected reasons
Method, it is characterised in that it is 30cm that the biological soil base in step 2 obtaining step one is divided into thickness and area is 4m2Square
Shape biological soil base, by rectangle biological soil base it is spaced for 20m under conditions of it is dispersed be deposited in it is pre- with rejected reasons
Recover, in the natural ecosystems of target same type, to cultivate 5 months naturally, obtain biological soil.
5. it is according to claim 1 a kind of to be applied to the biological soil preparation side that soil fauna recovers in rejected reasons
Method, it is characterised in that the biological soil that in step 3 obtains step 2 is reclaimed, then according to it is 8m that thickness is 15cm, area2
Be laid in rejected reasons at intervals of 20m is dispersed.
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| CN105794470A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2016-07-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Ecological reconstruction method for plant diversity after returning of abandoned farmland to marsh wetland |
| CN108633844B (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2021-03-02 | 贵州大学 | Method for evaluating recovery potential of karst ecosystem by utilizing soil animals |
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