CN104619913B - 用于制备高度精制的或微纤维化的纤维素的方法和中间产物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于制备高度精制或微纤维化的纤维素(MFC)的方法,所述方法包括下述步骤:处理纤维素纤维以至少去除纤维的大部分初生壁,将经处理的纤维干燥,将经处理的纤维重新润湿,并且通过机械方式使润湿的纤维分解,以获得终产物。本发明还涉及作为所述方法的中间产物的干燥的纤维素浆料,其具有至少0.4mm的平均纤维长度,同时少于50%的天然未经处理的纤维的初生壁留在所述中间产物中。替代运输大量的稀释的MFC分散液,本发明允许对MFC终端使用者输送干燥的中间产物,终端使用者将通过使用标准分解装置将所述中间产物转化为最终的MFC而完成这一工艺。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于制备高度精制的或微纤维化的纤维素的方法。并且,本发明涵盖可作为所述方法的中间产物获得的干燥的纤维素浆料、制备所述中间产物的方法以及所述中间产物的用途。
发明背景
微纤维化的纤维素(MFC)是一种由纤维素纤维组成的纤维材料,所述纤维素纤维非常细,直径约为5-100nm,平均约为20nm,并且具有约100nm-10μm的纤维长度。纳米纤维化的纤维素(NFC)是一类特殊的MFC,其具有处于所述纤维尺寸范围的下限的纤维尺寸。MFC具有非常大的开放性活性表面积,通常在约1-100m2/g的范围内,并且可用于宽泛的终端应用,特别是用在造纸领域中。
US 6,602,994B1中总结了多种已知的纤维素纤维微纤维化的方法,诸如例如,包括,匀浆法,蒸汽喷发法,加压-减压法,挤压法,碾磨法,超声法,微波喷发法,磨制法以及这些的组合。根据该参考文献,优选的方法是使非微纤维化的多糖通过匀浆器至少三次。
WO 2007/001229为上述列表增加了酶处理法,作为一种选择方法,在存在过渡金属的条件下氧化,用于使纤维素纤维转化为MFC。氧化步骤后,通过机械方式使材料分解。
在大部分情形中,MFC在水相中制备,并且高质量的MFC典型地制备为具有1.5-2.5%的固体含量的浆料。由于MFC的高的开放性表面积和高的水键合能力,所述低固体含量的浆料的粘度已经是非常高的。
由于要输送大体积,低固体含量使得MFC对消费者的递送是不经济的。这是大量MFC工业应用的限制性因素之一。此外,还有一些应用,其中按原样高的含水量也是有问题的,例如,制造复合物用于塑料、沥青、轮胎等,以及磨粉(pillerizing)。
一种解决运输和高含水量问题的方法是将MFC产物干燥用于运输并且在终端使用者处将其重新润湿或重新分散。这一方法的问题是纤维与干燥相关的不可逆的团聚(聚集(hornification))的倾向,这将妨碍纤维后续的再分散。聚集作用可能发生在水性NFC混悬液干燥的过程中或NFC与疏水性聚合物复合的过程中,并且其可以用在相邻的纤丝的羟基基团之间形成大量的氢键进行解释。这种方法伴随着NFC长宽比的相当大的减小,由此导致其有利特性的完全丧失。
US 4,481,076教导通过添加能够抑制纤维素纤丝之间的氢键键合的物质然后干燥产物来制备再分散的MFC。以这种方式避免聚集,并且保证再获得高的表面积,但是添加剂增加产品的成本,并且它们的存在可能对该产品的多种终端应用是有害的。
为了减少添加剂的量,US 6,231,657B1教导主要由纤维素纤维的初生壁制备NFC。此类NFC易于分散到水性介质中。
可以在水中再分散的NFC可以以粉末形式制得,例如,通过精制的、漂白的化学浆料的羧甲基化和机械分解进行。当分散在水中时,所述粉末将形成稳定的凝胶。由此,通过羧甲基化,在干燥过程中能够成功地防止NFC的聚集。然而,所需要的纤维素的化学改性是昂贵的,并且在一些应用中,这样的改性是不被接受的。
还已知通过溶剂交换来干燥MFC,由此部分防止聚集和纤维-与-纤维的键合。以这种方式可能在重新润湿时重新获得MFC的高开放性表面积和键合能力。
由于MFC由非常细小的材料组成,还存在相当大的除尘的危险和确保处理问题的安全性。MFC的干燥,由于其高开放性表面,也要比普通纤维素纤维的干燥困难得多,并且需要与普通浆料干燥所用的设备不同的专业设备。然后,除尘不仅是干燥过程中的障碍,也是在终端使用者机构重新润湿过程中的障碍。
避免运输问题的一个备选的方法是由终端使用者进行整个MFC制备过程。然而,这将是成本高昂的且不合实际的,失去了在专业化工厂中大规模生产的益处。浆料的研磨或分解步骤相对简单,并且可以想到在浆料磨机中进行,更加苛求的制备步骤将破坏该方法的整体经济性。
因此,需要新的更有能力的且成本有效的向终端使用者递送MFC的方案,避免化学改性和添加剂,并且允许以更简单和安全的方式递送。
发明概述
本发明的目的是提供上述问题的解决方案,该解决方案满足减少运送给MFC或NFC终端使用者的材料的体积、维持大量生产的成本优点和提供终端使用者易处理、无需专业化设备和方法就能得到润湿的或分散的纤维的产品的需要。本发明所述的解决方案是制备高度精制的或微纤维化的纤维素的方法,所述方法包括下述步骤:(a)处理纤维素纤维,以至少去除纤维的大部分初生壁,(b)将经处理的纤维干燥,(c)将经处理的纤维重新润湿,和(d)通过机械方式分解润湿的纤维,以获得终产物。
本发明为其带来益处的观念是使得上述方法的更苛求的制备步骤(a)和(b)在专业化工厂中进行,然后将步骤(b)的干燥的中间产物运送至终端使用者,最后使得终端用来按照较不苛求的步骤(c)和(d)将所述中间产物转化为终MFC或NFC。
按照本发明人的发现,通过去除浆料纤维的初生壁,可以制备能够毫不困难地转化为MFC或NFC的物质。令人惊讶地,当纤维干燥时,保持这种特性,即,适合MFC或NFC生产,这与现有技术的教导相反,其警告干燥纤维有严重的聚集作用,由此使得纤维不适合MFC生产。
由此,为终端使用者提供获得并利用MFC或NFC的经济性途径,而不需要投资昂贵的纤维预处理设备。仅需要用于干燥的中间产物的机械分解的装置。
由此,实施本发明的优选的方式是将在步骤(b)干燥的纤维运送到不同的地点进行步骤(c)和(d)的重新润湿和分解。纤维可以在步骤(b)中干燥至约20重量%以下的含水量,适当地约15重量%以下的含水量。
步骤(a)有不同的去除初生壁材料的方法。例如,此类技术包括机械精制(mechanical refining),氧化,优选通过使用过氧化物或臭氧、酶处理,优选使用纤维素酶,以及与氧化和/或酶处理组合的机械去纤维化(mechanical defibrillation)。
更具体地,可以通过增加纤维的预处理而去除纤维的初生壁。因此,增加精制,优选高浓打浆已被证明是非常有效的。此外,可以使用影响纤维素和/或半纤维素的氧化化学品(Tempo ext.)或酶,其单独使用或与精制、优选高浓打浆组合使用。已经证明酶预处理或氧化化学品、机械预处理、酶处理与机械处理的组合在其用来去除纤维素纤维的初生壁时是非常有效的。
在本发明所述的方法中所用的纤维素纤维优选是牛皮纸浆(kraft pulp)的纤维,即,其可以按照牛皮纸工艺进行处理。已经表明牛皮纸浆中的纤维的初生壁通常防止纤维形成纤丝。然而,依据本发明的教导去除初生壁使得牛皮纸浆变得非常可用于制造MFC或NFC。
此外,还可以使用其他浆料,例如,亚硫酸盐纸浆或基于作物的纤维。典型地,优选使用具有薄纤维壁的纤维。
由于增加的初始湿态强度,可以在浆料干燥机械中运行在本发明的步骤(a)中得到的原料,甚至当在网部(wire section)和压榨部后固体含量相对低时也可以进行。这还可以减少网的每平方米克重而没有问题。浆料也适合用干燥机械中,其中需要高的收缩率和高的拉伸度(tension stretch)。
步骤(d)中制备微纤维化的纤维素(MFC或NFC)的优选的方式是连续使用匀浆器和流化器。
由于本发明的一般概念和教导是在两个连续的分解步骤(a)和(d)精制纤维素,在所述步骤之间是干燥(b)和之后的重新润湿(c)纤维,本发明不严格限于制备MFC和NFC的生产,还包括制备略微较大粒度的高度精制的纤维素,所述纤维具有多至500nm以上的直径和500μm以上的长度。
在上述方法的步骤(b)得到的中间产物(其形成本发明的一部分)是干燥的纤维素浆料,所述浆料具有至少0.4mm的平均纤维长度,同时所述产物中保持存有少于50%的天然未处理的纤维的初生壁材料。
在所述中间产物中,平均纤维长度可以是用于制备所述产物的未处理的纤维的平均纤维长度的大于70%,优选大于80%,更优选大于90%。
优选地,所述中间产物具有至多5重量%的纤维长度小于10μm的细丝(fines)含量和小于20重量%的含水量。
优选地,所述中间产物具有在20SR–50SR内、优选20SR–40SR内、更优选20SR–35SR的范围内的Shoppler-Riegler(SR)抽放阻力(Shoppler-Riegler(SR)drainageresistance)。
优选地,所述中间产物具有小于60Nm/g、优选小于50Nm/g、更优选小于40Nm/g的湿零档张力强度(wet zero-span tensile strength)。
优选地,所述中间产物具有大于40m2/g、优选大于60m2/g的BET表面。
本发明的目的是避免使用可能损害MFC产品的最终使用的添加剂。优选地,添加到中间产物中用于改善其再分散性的任意物质的含量都小于1重量%。
干燥的中间产物可以是堆叠片材的形式,该形式适于运送到不同的地点。
上文中制备描述为中间产物的干燥的纤维素浆料的方法包括:(a)处理纤维素纤维,以至少去除纤维的大部分初生壁,从而获得具有至少0.4mm的平均纤维长度的纤维,和(b)干燥步骤(a)中得到的纤维。该方法的多个实施方案对应于上述包括制备高度精制的或微纤维化的纤维素的方法的步骤(a)和(b)的实施方案。
在上文中描述为中间产物的干燥的纤维素浆料的用途包括用于通过重新润湿和经由机械方式的分解步骤制备高度精制的或微纤维化的纤维素的用途。优选地,这些最后的步骤在与生产中间产物的地点不同的地点进行。
通过下述实施例来举例说明本发明,然而,所述实施例不应该解释为限制本发明。
实施例
一般地,可以使用任何种类的木纤维(如硬木纤维或软木纤维)和/或农作物纤维(agricultural fibres)的纤维作为起始原料。预处理可以是机械处理(如分解)、酶处理、羧甲基化、TEMPO氧化、CMC移接、化学溶胀、酸水解或其他促进微纤维化纤维素的形成的方法。所述预处理可以以一个或多个步骤进行。
为了测试,选择漂白的松木牛皮纸浆作为起始原料。预处理是酶处理,并且将中间产物在空气中晾干或在烘箱中在105℃干燥。通过分解和流化将中间产物转化成最终的MFC分散产物。
作为比较例,使用相同的松木牛皮纸浆作为湿性(样品1)、干性(样品2)和作为经过预处理但未经干燥的样品(样品3)。本发明所述的实施例是经预处理和空气晾干的牛皮纸浆(样品4)和经预处理和烘箱烘干的牛皮纸浆。
对于预处理,将湿性漂白的松木牛皮纸浆在5m3打浆机中以3.5–4.5%的稠度混合。浆料的温度调节至50℃,pH调节至5。
加入250ECU剂量的Endogluganace(EG)酶。混合持续2.5小时。在此之后,温度增加至85℃,并且调节pH至10,以使酶失活。将酶处理的浆料通过试验造纸机运行,并用空气晾干为含水量为37.2%的薄片。一部分薄片变成纸片,并且在烘箱中在105℃干燥19小时。
表1显示了对于本发明所述的干燥的中间产物(样品4和5)和比较材料(样品1-3)进行的测量的结果。
结果表明,在预处理中,所述纤维保留大于85%的其初始纤维长度。所述经预处理和干燥的中间产物没有除尘问题。同时,特别和显著减小的零档张力强度表明已经在纤维中发生主要的变化。低的数值意味着,当材料在最终步骤中变成MFC时,纤维容易分解。SR抽放阻力值增大,但是没有增加太大而不能防止在运行的网上有效地干燥纤维。对于干燥,可以使用用于常规浆料的标准的蒸发干燥法和装置。
然后,通过将干燥的浆料样品(5)在塑料袋中保存一个月来继续该方法。之后,将干燥的浆料分散在水中,以形成固体含量为3%的分散液,并且立即在标准实验室分解仪中用30000转进行分解。分解过程中,每一批次浆料的质量为1488g。
分解之后立即在微流化器中流化浆料,所述微流化器具有尺寸为400μm的相互作用室和孔尺寸为200μm的辅助工艺模块。
该浆料在造纸机中的流动性仅略差于相同类型的从未经干燥的预处理的浆料(样品3)。然而,没有出现堵塞问题。
由从未干燥的预处理的浆料制成的MFC与由本文所述的经干燥的预处理的浆料制成的MFC(分别为样品3和5)的照片的检查表现出非常少的视觉差异,但是后者的水性分散液的测量的粘度似乎小于前者的测量的粘度。
使用未经预处理的干燥的浆料(样品2)进行比较测试。首先,通过使用Whiley磨机,将2.2mm的初始纤维长度减少大约一半。在实验室分解仪中将润湿的纤维转化为纤维化分散液的尝试没有成功。固体含量低时,纤维不会胶凝,并且固体含量较高时,物质不能通过装置。在具有标准MFC的78/22重量%的混合物中,比较的碾磨的浆料是可运行的,但是,之后不受流化器的影响。本发明所需要的预处理显示为是将初始材料转化为MFC所必需的。
Claims (34)
1.一种用于制备高度精制的或微纤维化的纤维素的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括下述步骤:
(a)处理纤维素纤维,以至少去除所述纤维的大部分初生壁,
(b)将经处理的纤维干燥,
(c)将经处理的纤维重新润湿,并且
(d)通过机械方式分解所述润湿的纤维,以获得终产物。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,将在步骤(b)干燥的纤维运送到不同的地点以按照步骤(c)和(d)进行重新润湿和分解。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(b),将所述纤维干燥至含水量低于20重量%。
4.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(a),将初生壁材料通过机械精制去除。
5.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(a),将初生壁材料通过氧化去除。
6.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(a),将初生壁材料通过氧化,使用过氧化物或臭氧去除。
7.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(a),将初生壁材料通过酶去除。
8.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(a),将初生壁材料通过酶,使用纤维素酶去除。
9.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,通过与氧化和/或酶处理组合的机械去纤维化去除初生壁材料。
10.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(d),通过连续使用匀浆器和流化器制备微纤维化的纤维素(MFC)。
11.作为前述权利要求中任一项的方法的中间产物获得的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述浆料具有至少0.4mm的平均纤维长度,同时所述中间产物中保留了少于50%的天然未处理的纤维的初生壁材料。
12.权利要求11的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述平均纤维长度是用于制备所述浆料的未处理的纤维的平均纤维长度的大于70%。
13.权利要求11的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述平均纤维长度是用于制备所述浆料的未处理的纤维的平均纤维长度的大于80%。
14.权利要求11的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述平均纤维长度是用于制备所述浆料的未处理的纤维的平均纤维长度的大于90%。
15.权利要求11或12的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述干燥的纤维素浆料的纤维长度小于10μm的细丝的含量至多为5重量%。
16.权利要求11或12的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述干燥的纤维素浆料具有小于20重量%的含水量。
17.权利要求11或12的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述干燥的纤维素浆料的Shoppler-Riegler(SR)抽放阻力在20SR-50SR的范围内。
18.权利要求11或12的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述干燥的纤维素浆料的Shoppler-Riegler(SR)抽放阻力在20SR-40SR的范围内。
19.权利要求11或12的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述干燥的纤维素浆料的Shoppler-Riegler(SR)抽放阻力在20SR-35SR的范围内。
20.权利要求11或12的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述干燥的纤维素浆料的湿零档张力强度小于60Nm/g。
21.权利要求11或12的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述干燥的纤维素浆料的湿零档张力强度小于50Nm/g。
22.权利要求11或12的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述干燥的纤维素浆料的湿零档张力强度小于40Nm/g。
23.权利要求11或12的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述干燥的纤维素浆料具有大于40m2/g的BET表面。
24.权利要求11或12的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述干燥的纤维素浆料具有大于60m2/g的BET表面。
25.权利要求11或12的干燥的纤维素浆料,其特征在于,所述干燥的纤维素浆料以易于运送至不同地点的堆叠片材的形式存在。
26.一种用于制备权利要求11-25中任一项的干燥的纤维素浆料的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括下述步骤:
(a)处理纤维素纤维,以至少去除所述纤维的大部分初生壁,从而获得具有至少0.4mm的平均纤维长度的纤维,并且
(b)将步骤(a)获得的纤维干燥。
27.权利要求26的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(b),将所述纤维干燥至含水量小于20重量%。
28.权利要求26或27的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(a),将初生壁材料通过机械精制去除。
29.权利要求26或27的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(a),将初生壁材料通过氧化去除。
30.权利要求26或27的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(a),将初生壁材料通过氧化,通过使用过氧化物或臭氧去除。
31.权利要求26或27的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(a),将初生壁材料通过酶去除。
32.权利要求26或27的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(a),将初生壁材料通过酶,通过使用纤维素酶去除。
33.权利要求26或27的方法,其特征在于,通过与氧化和/或酶处理组合的机械去纤维化去除初生壁材料。
34.权利要求11-25中任一项的干燥的纤维素浆料用于制备高度精制的或微纤维化的纤维素的用途。
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ZA201501888B (en) | 2016-06-29 |
PL2885458T3 (pl) | 2018-08-31 |
EP2885458B1 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
BR112015003641A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
FI20125864A (fi) | 2014-02-21 |
NO2885458T3 (zh) | 2018-09-22 |
JP2015531033A (ja) | 2015-10-29 |
JP6345666B2 (ja) | 2018-06-20 |
CN104619913A (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
US20150218757A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
WO2014029909A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
US10900169B2 (en) | 2021-01-26 |
CA2881332C (en) | 2022-06-21 |
FI127111B (en) | 2017-11-15 |
EP2885458A1 (en) | 2015-06-24 |
CA2881332A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
EP2885458A4 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
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