CN104610680A - 一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104610680A
CN104610680A CN201410744173.4A CN201410744173A CN104610680A CN 104610680 A CN104610680 A CN 104610680A CN 201410744173 A CN201410744173 A CN 201410744173A CN 104610680 A CN104610680 A CN 104610680A
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王维
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Abstract

一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法，属于材料制备领域。其特征在于包括如下步骤：将PVC粉末、马来酸酐、偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二甲酰胺、有机锡、三聚氰胺置于高速搅拌机中均匀混合，制成混合糊料；将混合糊料注入模具中，温度升高至170℃，待模具温度降低时脱模，得到预发泡模压块；将脱模后的预发泡模压块放入热水中，膨胀至所需密度，与此同时，预发泡模压块发生交联反应；在蒸汽室内处理，得到密度为硬质交联PVC 泡沫塑料。通过对原有制备工艺及选材改进，有效的解决了在泡沫塑料的制备过程中工艺控制难度较大的问题，且本发明所述的制备方法工艺简单，操作方便，适合在相关领域内推广使用，具有较大的市场价值。

Description

一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法
技术领域
    本发明属于材料制备领域，尤其涉及一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法。
背景技术                    
    随着材料科技的不断发展，所制备的聚氯乙烯(PVC) 泡沫塑料具有良好的物理性能、耐化学药品性能和电绝缘性能，且隔音、防震，原料来源丰富，价格低廉。高性能硬质交联PVC泡沫塑料还具有高强度、高弹性模量、耐高温的特点，可以作为夹层结构材料用于结构承载。硬质交联PVC泡沫塑料在所有泡沫塑料中的水蒸气透过率最低，与硬质聚氨酯和聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料相比，其强度高，阻燃性能好，隔热性、使用温度和耐化学药品性能优于硬质聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料。但是现有的制备工艺需要特定的PVC 和酸酐的选择，使工艺控制难度大大增加，影响了其在相关领域的发展。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决上述问题，提供一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法。
一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
（1） 混合糊料：将PVC粉末100g、马来酸酐15~50g、偶氮二异丁腈7.3g、偶氮二甲酰胺1~10g、有机锡4g、三聚氰胺3.5g、MDI30~80g、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯2g置于高速搅拌机中均匀混合，控制混合温度小于等于40℃，制成混合糊料；
（2） 塑化成型：将混合糊料注入模具中，将模具置于热压机上保温；然后将温度升高至170℃，保持10min后关闭加热系统，开启水冷系统，待模具温度降低时脱模，得到预发泡模压块；
（3） 水煮发泡和交联：将脱模后的预发泡模压块放入热水中，膨胀至所需密度，与此同时，预发泡模压块发生交联反应；
（4） 后处理：在蒸汽室内处理5d，得到密度为60kg／m3的硬质交联PVC 泡沫塑料。
本发明所述的一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤（2）中所述热压机的温度为130～140℃、压强为15～20MPa，保温时间为2min。
本发明所述的一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤（2）中所述脱模的温度为25~30℃。
本发明所述的一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤（3）中所述的水煮温度为95℃，时间为4h。
本发明所述的一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤（4）中所述蒸汽室内温度为65℃。
本发明所述的一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法，通过对原有制备工艺及选材改进，有效的解决了在泡沫塑料的制备过程中工艺控制难度较大的问题，且本发明所述的制备方法工艺简单，操作方便，适合在相关领域内推广使用，具有较大的市场价值。
具体实施方式
一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
（1） 混合糊料：将PVC粉末100g、马来酸酐15~50g、偶氮二异丁腈7.3g、偶氮二甲酰胺1~10g、有机锡4g、三聚氰胺3.5g、MDI30~80g、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯2g置于高速搅拌机中均匀混合，控制混合温度小于等于40℃，制成混合糊料；
（2） 塑化成型：将混合糊料注入模具中，将模具置于热压机上保温；然后将温度升高至170℃，保持10min后关闭加热系统，开启水冷系统，待模具温度降低时脱模，得到预发泡模压块；
（3） 水煮发泡和交联：将脱模后的预发泡模压块放入热水中，膨胀至所需密度，与此同时，预发泡模压块发生交联反应；
（4） 后处理：在蒸汽室内处理5d，得到密度为60kg／m3的硬质交联PVC 泡沫塑料。
本发明所述的一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法，步骤（2）中所述热压机的温度为130～140℃、压强为15～20MPa，保温时间为2min。步骤（2）中所述脱模的温度为25~30℃。步骤（3）中所述的水煮温度为95℃，时间为4h。步骤（4）中所述蒸汽室内温度为65℃。当温度接近150℃时，硬质交联PVC 泡沫塑料开始缓慢分解，在260℃左右其分解速率加快，而普通未交联的硬质PVC泡沫塑料则在120℃就已经开始分解，在温度接近200℃时分解加速。说明通过交联反应大大提高了PVC 的耐热性能。硬质交联PVC泡沫塑料的玻璃化转变温度为180℃左右，而普通未交联的硬质PVC泡沫塑料则为90℃左右。在塑化成型阶段，PVC大分子上接枝的马来酸酐会与异氰酸酯反应，而这一反应十分有限，故此时测得的凝胶含量很小，一旦与水接触以后，马来酸酐形成的羧酸会与异氰酸酯形成的氨基反应形成酰胺键，马来酸酐的用量直接影响到羧酸基团的数量，所以硬质交联PVC泡沫塑料的凝胶含量随着马来酸酐用量的增加而明显增大。硬质交联PVC泡沫塑料的泡孔直径分布不均是由发泡剂粒径不均直接造成的，发泡剂粒径分布越集中，泡孔直径越均匀，泡沫塑料的物理性能越好。

Claims (5)

1.一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
（1）混合糊料：将PVC粉末100g、马来酸酐15~50g、偶氮二异丁腈7.3g、偶氮二甲酰胺1~10g、有机锡4g、三聚氰胺3.5g、MDI30~80g、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯2g置于高速搅拌机中均匀混合，控制混合温度小于等于40℃，制成混合糊料；
（2）塑化成型：将混合糊料注入模具中，将模具置于热压机上保温；然后将温度升高至170℃，保持10min后关闭加热系统，开启水冷系统，待模具温度降低时脱模，得到预发泡模压块；
（3）水煮发泡和交联：将脱模后的预发泡模压块放入热水中，膨胀至所需密度，与此同时，预发泡模压块发生交联反应；
（4）后处理：在蒸汽室内处理5d，得到密度为60kg／m3的硬质交联PVC 泡沫塑料。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤（2）中所述热压机的温度为130～140℃、压强为15～20MPa，保温时间为2min。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤（2）中所述脱模的温度为25~30℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤（3）中所述的水煮温度为95℃，时间为4h。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤（4）中所述蒸汽室内温度为65℃。
CN201410744173.4A 2014-12-09 2014-12-09 一种聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备方法 Pending CN104610680A (zh)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105086262A (zh) * 2015-08-26 2015-11-25 安徽北马科技有限公司 一种户外使用的轻质木塑复合材料
CN109304834A (zh) * 2017-07-26 2019-02-05 威海维赛新材料科技有限公司 Pvc泡沫塑料的制备方法
CN109851942A (zh) * 2018-12-22 2019-06-07 四川大学 一种双螺杆挤出机制造的硬质pvc泡沫塑料及其制备方法
CN111004456A (zh) * 2019-11-01 2020-04-14 石河子大学 一种质轻高强耐热聚氯乙烯泡沫材料及其制备方法

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105086262A (zh) * 2015-08-26 2015-11-25 安徽北马科技有限公司 一种户外使用的轻质木塑复合材料
CN109304834A (zh) * 2017-07-26 2019-02-05 威海维赛新材料科技有限公司 Pvc泡沫塑料的制备方法
CN109851942A (zh) * 2018-12-22 2019-06-07 四川大学 一种双螺杆挤出机制造的硬质pvc泡沫塑料及其制备方法
CN111004456A (zh) * 2019-11-01 2020-04-14 石河子大学 一种质轻高强耐热聚氯乙烯泡沫材料及其制备方法
CN111004456B (zh) * 2019-11-01 2022-06-24 石河子大学 一种质轻高强耐热聚氯乙烯泡沫材料及其制备方法

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