CN104597455B - Medium-frequency-agile all-fiber coherent wind lidar system - Google Patents
Medium-frequency-agile all-fiber coherent wind lidar system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104597455B CN104597455B CN201510080765.5A CN201510080765A CN104597455B CN 104597455 B CN104597455 B CN 104597455B CN 201510080765 A CN201510080765 A CN 201510080765A CN 104597455 B CN104597455 B CN 104597455B
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 30
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007476 Maximum Likelihood Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a medium-frequency-agile all-fiber coherent wind lidar system. A microcontroller module in a tunable fiber laser controls frequencies of output laser light of a first light source and/or a second light source to achieve agility of the frequencies of medium frequency signals. The medium-frequency-agile all-fiber coherent wind lidar system has the advantages that the system can be for high purposes in complex electromagnetic environments, on one hand, other electronic equipment being operated in medium-frequency bands can be prevented from interfering normal operation of a lidar by tuning the frequencies of the medium-frequency signals of the lidar, so that anti-electromagnetic interference or destruction capability of the lidar system is improved; on the other hand, when the operating medium-frequency signals of the lidar and operating frequency bands of the surrounding other equipment are in interference, the frequencies of the medium-frequency signals of the lidar can be tuned to prevent the lidar from interfering or destructing normal operation of the other electronic equipment when the lidar is in normal operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to all-fiber coherent anemometry laser radar field, more particularly to a kind of all-fiber coherent of intermediate frequency agile
Anemometry laser radar system.
Background technology
In the remote sensing of regional atmospheric wind speed, Impulse Coherent Laser Radar have high accuracy, high-spatial and temporal resolution the characteristics of,
It is widely used in measuring air Wind outline, wind shear early warning and hunter wake flow etc., in weather forecast, wind power generation, boat
The fields such as empty space flight, military affairs have great significance, and all -fiber pulse coherence anemometry laser radar has preferable application prospect,
It is worth furtheing investigate in terms of theoretical, technology and experimental analysiss etc..
The theoretical research of coherent laser radar starts from the sixties in 20th century, is at US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Set up by J.A.L.Thomoson and its partner under support with U.S.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).1968
Year, under the subsidy of NASA, Al Jelalian et al. have developed in the world the in Ray Thcon of the U.S. (Raytheon Co.)
One coherent wind laser radar --- the coherent wind laser radar system based on CO2 continuous laser, the system is to pass through
Change focal depth (depth of focus) and obtain range resolution ratio, the distance of detection is generally hundreds of rice.As continuous CO2
One of laser radar application, R.M.Huffaker in 1970 et al. report the backscatter signal measuring machine using aerosol
The wake flow of field runway overhead aircraft.First Impulse Coherent Laser Radar is ground in Ray Thcon of the U.S. by the subsidy of NASA
System, pulse energy is 10mJ, and repetition rate is 200Hz, provides clear-air turbulence (clear air for commercial airline
Turbulence detection).The laser radar started ground test in 1970, was arranged on NASA within 1972 and 1973
Test flight is done on 990 aircrafts of Convair, has started the application of airborne coherent wind laser radar.It is from the eighties, beautiful
Coherent technique company of state (Coherent Technologies, Inc.) successively have developed 1.06 μm of phases based on solid state laser
Dry anemometry laser radar and be based on Tm, Ho:2.1 mu m coherent anemometry laser radars of YAG laser, are respectively used to measure air wind
Field and wind shear detection.With erbium-doped fiber amplifier (Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, EDFA) and optical fiber skill
The development of art, and (Large-Mode Area, the LMA) optical fiber of the large mode field used in EDFA is avoiding being excited cloth in optical fiber
In the deep pool scattering nonlinear effect such as (Stimulated Brillouin Scattering, SBS), the laser pulse of EDFA outputs
Energy and mean power are stepped up, work in 1.55 μm all -fiber pulse coherence anemometry laser radar be subject to scholar weight
Depending on.Its major advantage is：(1) operation wavelength is eye-safe, and the Maximum Permissible Exposure of 1.55 mu m waveband lasers is 2.1 μm
10 times of wave band, are higher by 1.06 mu m waveband, 5 orders of magnitude；(2) optic communication device has developed very ripe, directly can apply, and drops
Low cost；(3) all optical fibre structure, it is easy to assembling and integrated, easy miniaturization, stabilisation and commercialization.Japanese Mitsubishi
Company started the commercial model machine for researching and developing all -fiber Impulse Coherent Laser Radar, the LR- for developing commercialization in 2005 from 2004
05FC series of products.French Leosphere companies have issued the WINDCUBE series products for meteorological research in December, 2006
Product.
Domestic aspect also has the report of 1.55 mu m all-fiber pulse coherence anemometry laser radars.Science and technology group of China Electronics the
27 institutes have developed a set of all-fiber coherent laser doppler windfinding radar equipment, carry out outfield on June 5th, 2012
Experiment.Shanghai Optics and Precision Mechanics institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences reports the all-fiber coherent survey wind laser thunder for boundary region
Reach, line of vision detection range is 3km, and range resolution ratio is 75m, temporal resolution is 2s, wind speed when 18000 laser pulses are accumulated
Certainty of measurement be 0.22m/s.
But, in existing above-mentioned all-fiber coherent laser radar, the modulation of laser pulse and the generation of intermediate-freuqncy signal are
Completed by an acousto-optic modulator or two acousto-optic modulator cascades, intermediate-freuqncy signal is a fixed numerical value, and conventional has
55MHz, 80MHz and 100MHz.Under some special electromagnetic environments, on the one hand such as broadcasting station etc. is premeditated disturbs these ripples
Duan Shi, then being likely to result in laser radar can not normal work；On the other hand, the electromagnetism letter for radiating during laser radar normal work
When number interfering to other electronic equipments, it is necessary to adjust the intermediate-freuqncy signal of laser radar, this is in traditional all-fiber coherent
It is difficult in laser radar.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of all-fiber coherent anemometry laser radar system of intermediate frequency agile, realizes intermediate frequency
Signal frequency can agile.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of all-fiber coherent anemometry laser radar system of intermediate frequency agile, the system include：Tunable optical fiber laser
1st, the first intensity modulator 2, the first optoisolator 3, the second intensity modulator 4, the second optoisolator 5, fibre laser power are put
Big device 6, fiber optical circulator 7, telescope 8, arbitrary-function generator 9, the 3rd intensity modulator 10, polarization maintaining optical fibre coupling/beam splitting
Device 11, balance photodetector 12, A/D capture cards 13 and signal processing unit 14；
Wherein, the tunable optical fiber laser 1 exports first and second continuous laser；In arbitrary-function generator 9
It is under driving, optically isolated with second by the first intensity modulator 2, the first optoisolator 3, the second intensity modulator 4 that are sequentially connected
First continuous laser is modulated into laser pulse by the second-order intensity modulation that device 5 is constituted, and laser pulse is put through fibre laser power
Big device 6 carries out power amplification, and is transmitted in air through fiber optical circulator 7 and telescope 8；Particulate in air
Backscatter signal is entered in polarization maintaining optical fibre coupling/beam splitter 11 after telescope 9, fiber optical circulator 7；
Second continuous laser then after the decay of the 3rd intensity modulator 10 enter polarization maintaining optical fibre coupling/beam splitter 11,
With the backscatter signal beat frequency of particulate, opto-electronic conversion, the radio frequency letter of generation are carried out through balancing photodetector 12
Number analog/digital conversion is carried out by A/D capture cards 13, wind speed is calculated by signal processing unit 14 finally.
Further, the tunable optical fiber laser 1 includes：Microprocessor module 31, semiconductor cooler module 33,
First light source 32 and secondary light source 34；
It is ν that the microprocessor module 31 is used to control the output laser frequency of the first light source 321The first continuous laser, control
The output laser frequency of secondary light source processed 34 is ν2The second continuous laser；The semiconductor cooler module 33, for for first
Light source 32 provides required ambient temperature with secondary light source 34；
The first light source 32 is controlled by microprocessor module 31 intermediate-freuqncy signal Δ f=ν are realized with secondary light source 341-ν2's
Frequency can agile.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, by the microcontroller mould in tunable optical fiber laser
Block controls the first light source and/or the frequency of secondary light source output laser can agile come realize the frequency of intermediate-freuqncy signal；In this
The all-fiber coherent anemometry laser radar system of frequency agile can play very strong purposes under complex electromagnetic environment, on the one hand may be used
To be swashed with preventing other electronic equipments for being operated in the mf band from disturbing by the frequency of the intermediate-freuqncy signal of tuning laser radar
The normal work of optical radar, improves the electromagnetism interference or damage capability of laser radar system；On the other hand, when laser radar work
The intermediate-freuqncy signal of work is had with the working frequency range of surrounding miscellaneous equipment when conflicting or constitute interference, can pass through tuning laser radar
The frequency of intermediate-freuqncy signal, to prevent laser radar from the normal work of other electronic equipments is disturbed or destroyed in normal work.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, below will be to using needed for embodiment description
Accompanying drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be obtaining other according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of signal of the all-fiber coherent anemometry laser radar system of intermediate frequency agile provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of light source in tunable optical fiber laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is reception signal provided in an embodiment of the present invention, local oscillator light and RF signal power change schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the signal of change intermediate-freuqncy signal according near field high s/n ratio provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Ground description, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than the embodiment of whole.Based on this
Inventive embodiment, the every other enforcement obtained under the premise of creative work is not made by those of ordinary skill in the art
Example, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is a kind of signal of the all-fiber coherent anemometry laser radar system of intermediate frequency agile provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure.As shown in figure 1, the system includes：
Tunable optical fiber laser 1, the first intensity modulator 2, the first optoisolator 3, the second intensity modulator 4, second
Optoisolator 5, fibre laser power amplifier 6, fiber optical circulator 7, telescope 8, arbitrary-function generator 9, the 3rd intensity are adjusted
Device processed 10, polarization maintaining optical fibre coupling/beam splitter 11, balance photodetector 12, A/D capture cards 13 and signal processing unit 14；
Wherein, the tunable optical fiber laser 1 exports first and second continuous laser；In arbitrary-function generator 9
It is under driving, optically isolated with second by the first intensity modulator 2, the first optoisolator 3, the second intensity modulator 4 that are sequentially connected
First continuous laser is modulated into laser pulse by the second-order intensity modulation that device 5 is constituted, and laser pulse is put through fibre laser power
Big device 6 carries out power amplification, and is transmitted in air through fiber optical circulator 7 and telescope 8；Particulate in air
Backscatter signal is entered in polarization maintaining optical fibre coupling/beam splitter 11 after telescope 9, fiber optical circulator 7；
Second continuous laser then after the decay of the 3rd intensity modulator 10 enter polarization maintaining optical fibre coupling/beam splitter 11,
With the backscatter signal beat frequency of particulate, opto-electronic conversion, the radio frequency letter of generation are carried out through balancing photodetector 12
Number analog/digital conversion is carried out by A/D capture cards 13, wind speed is calculated by signal processing unit 14 finally；In said process, by control
Make the 3rd intensity modulator 10 to control to decay the near-field signals power of the second continuous laser (continuous local oscillator laser), also wrap
The near gain by controlling balance photodetector 12 is included, the fundamental frequency detection operations of full optical fiber laser radar system can be made to exist
Optimal state.
Further, the tunable optical fiber laser 1 includes：Microprocessor module 31, semiconductor cooler module 33,
First light source 32 and secondary light source 34；
It is ν that the microprocessor module 31 is used to control the output laser frequency of the first light source 321The first continuous laser, control
The output laser frequency of secondary light source processed 34 is ν2The second continuous laser；The semiconductor cooler module 33, for for first
Light source 32 provides required ambient temperature with secondary light source 34；
The first light source 32 is controlled by microprocessor module 31 intermediate-freuqncy signal Δ f=ν are realized with secondary light source 341-ν2's
Frequency can agile；The size of intermediate-freuqncy signal Δ f can utilize the near-field signals of high s/n ratio to calculate.
In the embodiment of the present invention, described the first light source 32 and secondary light source 34 are mutually isostructural light source, and its structure is shown
Intention refers to Fig. 2；Labelling 21 in Fig. 2 represents the Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror for being coated with highly reflecting films, and labelling 22 represents the first thermal tuning filtering
Device, labelling 23 represent the second thermally tuned filter, and labelling 24 represents intracavity coupled lens, and labelling 25 represents that Diode gain is situated between
Matter, labelling 26 represent output collimating lens, and labelling 27 represents polarization beam apparatus, and labelling 28 represents optoisolator, and labelling 29 is represented
Optical fiber convergent lens, labelling 30 represent output optical fibre.
The all-fiber coherent anemometry laser radar system of intermediate frequency agile provided in an embodiment of the present invention is in complex electromagnetic environment
Very strong purposes can be played down, on the one hand can pass through the frequency of intermediate-freuqncy signal of tuning laser radar to prevent which from being worked
Disturb in other electronic equipments of the mf band, improve the electromagnetism interference or damage capability of laser radar system；The opposing party
Face, under same load condition, can pass through the frequency of the intermediate-freuqncy signal of tuning laser radar, it is to avoid the intermediate-freuqncy signal of laser radar
Electromagnetic interference is caused to miscellaneous equipment.
In order to make it easy to understand, the principle and some calculating process below for said system does detailed introduction.
First continuous laser due to the motion of particulate in air, is swashed after said structure is transmitted in air
When light pulse is interacted with particulate, backscatter signal produces Doppler frequency shift f in the line of vision of telescoped, represent
For：
fd=2vr/λ；
Centre wavelengths of the λ for laser pulse, v in formularFor line of vision wind speed, work as vrDirection it is contrary with the line of vision of telescope when
fdSymbol for just, otherwise be negative；Then frequency v of the backscatter signal of particulatesFor：
vs=v1+fd；
The backscatter signal of the particulate in air enters polarization maintaining optical fibre after telescope 8, fiber optical circulator 7
Coupling/beam splitter 11, the two paths of signals elder generation coupling processing of 11 pairs of inputs of the polarization maintaining optical fibre coupling/beam splitter, then beam splitting.Frequency is
ν2The second continuous laser (local oscillator laser) through the 3rd intensity modulator 10 according to receive signal (i.e. including system minute surface
The backscatter signal of backscatter signal and particulate) characteristic optimization control after, as shown in figure 3, enter protect polarisation
Fine coupling/beam splitter 11, the backscatter signal beat frequency with particulate carry out photoelectricity turn through balancing photodetector 12
Change, the radiofrequency signal of generation carries out analog/digital conversion by A/D capture cards 13, finally by signal processing unit 14 by periodogram and
The mode of pulse accumulation calculates frequency f of radiofrequency signalRF。
When wind speed is estimated using the backscatter signal of aerosol in coherent laser radar generally use maximum likelihood ratio
The discrete spectrum peak (Discrete Spectral Peak, DSP) of (Maximum Likelihood, ML) estimates that is, wind speed draws
The maximum likelihood solution of the Doppler frequency for rising is exactly the corresponding frequency of maximum of periodogram.M in the detection range door
The periodogram of sampled point is defined as：
In formula, TSFor the sampling interval of A/D capture cards,zkFor the kth (k of A/D capture cards output in range gate
=0,1 ..., M-1) individual voltage.According to doppler spectral distribution retinue's gaussian line of the wind speed in one laser pulse of receiver end
Type and statistical iteration, noise are white noise, then the periodogram that N sends out in the case of laser pulse accumulation is：
The ML DSP (the discrete spectrum peak of maximum likelihood ratio) of Doppler frequency estimate fRFShould be：
In formula, Δ F=fs/ M be frequency resolution, fs=1/TSFor the sample frequency of A/D capture cards.
Due to fRF=ν1-ν2+fd=Δ f+fd；
Also, intermediate-freuqncy signal Δ f can go out according to the signal of change of near field high s/n ratio, as shown in figure 4, according to formula vr
=fdThe flight time Δ t of λ/2 and laser pulse can calculate different distance door Δ R, and (Δ R=Δ tc/2, in formula, c exists for light
Speed in vacuum) place line of vision wind speed vr。
Those skilled in the art can be understood that, for convenience and simplicity of description, only with above-mentioned each function
The division of module is illustrated, and in practical application, can distribute above-mentioned functions by different function moulds as desired
Block is completed, will the internal structure of device be divided into different functional modules, to complete all or part of work(described above
Energy.
The above, the only present invention preferably specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any those familiar with the art in the technical scope of present disclosure, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
Should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claims
Enclose and be defined.
Claims (2)
1. the all-fiber coherent anemometry laser radar system of a kind of intermediate frequency agile, it is characterised in that the system includes：Tunable optical
Fibre laser (1), the first intensity modulator (2), the first optoisolator (3), the second intensity modulator (4), the second optoisolator
(5), fibre laser power amplifier (6), fiber optical circulator (7), telescope (8), arbitrary-function generator (9), the 3rd intensity
Manipulator (10), polarization maintaining optical fibre coupling/beam splitter (11), balance photodetector (12), A/D capture cards (13) and signal processing
Unit (14)；
Wherein, the tunable optical fiber laser (1) exports first and second continuous laser；In arbitrary-function generator (9)
Under driving, by the first intensity modulator (2), the first optoisolator (3), the second intensity modulator (4) and second that are sequentially connected
First continuous laser is modulated into laser pulse by the second-order intensity modulation that optoisolator (5) is constituted, and laser pulse is swashed through optical fiber
Power amplifier (6) carries out power amplification, and is transmitted in air through fiber optical circulator (7) and telescope (8)；In air
Particulate backscatter signal after telescope (8), fiber optical circulator (7) enter polarization maintaining optical fibre coupling/beam splitting
In device (11)；
Second continuous laser then after the decay of the 3rd intensity modulator (10) enter polarization maintaining optical fibre coupling/beam splitter (11),
With the backscatter signal beat frequency of particulate, opto-electronic conversion, the radio frequency of generation are carried out through balancing photodetector (12)
Signal carries out analog/digital conversion by A/D capture cards (13), finally calculates wind speed by signal processing unit (14).
2. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the tunable optical fiber laser (1) includes：Microprocessor
Module (31), semiconductor cooler module (33), the first light source (32) and secondary light source (34)；
The microprocessor module (31) is v for controlling the first light source (32) output laser frequency1The first continuous laser, control
Secondary light source (34) output laser frequency processed is v2The second continuous laser；The semiconductor cooler module (33), for for
First light source (32) provides required ambient temperature with secondary light source (34)；
The first light source (32) is controlled by microprocessor module (31) intermediate-freuqncy signal Δ f=v is realized with secondary light source (34)1-v2
Frequency can agile.
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| CN105445753B (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-10-03 | 北京理工大学珠海学院 | A kind of all-fiber coherent anemometry laser radar and its wind detection method |
| CN106199631B (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2020-04-10 | 成都凯天电子股份有限公司 | Coherent wind finding radar wind speed measuring method |
| CN106680834B (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2019-06-04 | 江西省智成测控技术研究所有限责任公司 | A kind of data processing equipment and method in coherent wind laser radar |
| CN106840598B (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2019-01-29 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Condition of raining based on side looking radar is got off the plane wake flow circular rector estimation method |
| CN110018325A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-16 | 驭乘(天津)科技有限公司 | The instrument for wind measurement of near field measuring wind speed |
| CN113433555B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-12 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Laser heterodyne detection autonomous searching method for moving target in air |
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