CN104596633B - Extra long distance distribution optical sensing means and method based on two-way light amplification - Google Patents
Extra long distance distribution optical sensing means and method based on two-way light amplification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides the extra long distance distribution optical sensing means based on two-way light amplification, it includes the control being sequentially connected and processing unit, wideband laser (1), the first fiber coupler (2), the first fiber arm (3) in parallel and the second fiber arm (4), the second fiber coupler (6), Inductive links (7) and Faraday mirror (8), and photoelectric detection system (20) is further connected between control and processing unit and the first fiber coupler (2).Distance sensing length of the present invention, precision is higher, good positioning effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensory field of optic fibre, and in particular to on-line real time monitoring for zone perimeters vibration signal, fixed
Position method and monitoring device, it is the extra long distance distribution light sensing method and device based on two-way light amplification.
Background technology
Fully distributed fiber vibrating sensing belongs to functional Fibre-Optic Sensors, utilizes the sensing and transport properties of optical fiber, edge
It is laid with fiber link and carries out real-time continuous vibration monitoring, there is extra long distance, high sensitivity, non-blind area is anti-interference, corrosion-resistant
The advantages that, particularly suitable for occasions such as circumference security protection, pipeline leakage monitorings.
In existing long-distance distributed optical fiber vibration sensor, more mature includes visiting using based on rear orientation light
The distributed vibration sensor of survey, obtains including the phase signal of vibration information using the interference between backward Rayleigh scattering light,
Vibration source positioning is carried out by receiving the time of vibration change, therefore the system needs the very narrow light source of line width.Shortcoming
It is that the back scattering light intensity for containing vibration information is weaker, limits maximum distance sensing.Such as institute in patent CN101893475
Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system of the invention based on fiber delay line.Also it is promising at the same time to solve the problems, such as signal-to-noise ratio and distance sensing
And the distributed vibration sensing system of one-way junction amplifying technique is added, it is based on relaying as invented in patent CN101839760
The distributed optical fiber vibration sensor of amplifying and sensing technology.But the sensing principle based on back scattering is still limited from principle
Signal light intensity, while unidirectional light amplification is to the amplification effect of rear orientation light and be not as obvious as forward light, it is difficult to significantly carry
High RST signal-to-noise ratio, is easily subject to external interference and causes sensing accuracy to decline or even position failure, it is necessary to carry out repeatability
To obtain accurate information, real-time performance is poor for detection and data processing.
Therefore in distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system, how while real-time performance is ensured, the biography of system is increased
Feel distance, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of signal, the sensing accuracy for increasing system is the important research that its application is popularized in real life
Direction.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：A kind of extra long distance distribution light based on two-way light amplification is provided to pass
Induction device and method, distance sensing length of the present invention, precision is higher, good positioning effect.
The present invention solves technical problem and uses following technical scheme：
A kind of extra long distance distribution optical sensing means based on two-way light amplification, including the control and processing being sequentially connected
Device, wideband laser, the first fiber coupler, the first fiber arm in parallel and the second fiber arm, the second fiber coupler, pass
Feel link and Faraday mirror, photoelectric detection system is further connected between control and processing unit and the first fiber coupler.
The device, the first fiber arm are equipped with delay coil.
The device, Inductive links include single mode optical fiber, and single mode optical fiber is serially connected with multiple bidirectional optical amplifiers.
The device, bidirectional optical amplifier include the 3rd fiber coupler and the er-doped light being serially connected on single mode optical fiber
Fibre, the 3rd fiber coupler are further connected with pump laser.
The device, control include processor with processing unit, and wideband laser includes wideband light source, wideband light source and
First fiber coupler is connected, and wideband light source is further connected with controlled constant-current source circuit, and controlled constant-current source circuit passes sequentially through electric current and adopts
Sample circuit, analog-digital converter are connected with processor, and the first digital analog converter is further connected between processor and controlled constant-current source circuit,
Thermoelectric-cooled drive circuit is further connected between processor and wideband light source.
The device, photoelectric detection system pass sequentially through transimpedance amplifier, programmable instrumentation amplifier and modulus and turn
Parallel operation is connected, and the second digital analog converter is further connected between programmable instrumentation amplifier and processor.
The device, photoelectric detection system include the first photodetector and the second photodetector, they are with
One fiber coupler is connected.
A kind of extra long distance distribution light sensing method based on two-way light amplification, including：By Inductive links along monitoring section
Domain circumference is laid with, and by the input voltage of processor control controlled constant-current source circuit, driving wideband light source sends optical signal, optical signal
One input end of the first fiber coupler is sent to, enters the first fiber arm by being divided into two-way light after the first fiber coupler
With the second fiber arm, wherein added in the first fiber arm a section single-mould fiber as delay line circle formed unsymmetric structure,
Two-way light is sensed and amplified into Inductive links by the second fiber coupler, is reached Faraday Jing Shiyuan roads and is returned
Return, be again introduced into extra long distance Inductive links and reversely amplified, then be divided by the second fiber coupler to the second fiber arm, the
One fiber arm, converges to form interference at the first fiber coupler, by the first photodetector, the second photodetector to interference
Optical signal is received, and processor is handled.
The method, current sampling circuit also sample the electric current of controlled constant-current source circuit output, and by result
Exported by analog-digital converter and the defeated of controlled constant-current source circuit is adjusted by the first digital analog converter to processor, simultaneous processor
Enter magnitude of voltage, to set driving current size, the operating temperature that thermoelectric-cooled drive circuit reads wideband light source feeds back to processing
Device, processor control thermoelectric-cooled drive circuit with the operating temperature of constant wideband light source at the same time；
When the optical signal of the second fiber coupler output enters three fiber coupler in Inductive links, swashed by pumping
The coupling pump light that light device is sent enters to carry out optical signal positive amplification, and carries out gain by Er-doped fiber；When by farad
When the optical signal of polariscope backtracking enters three fiber couplers by Er-doped fiber, the pump that is sent by pump laser
Pu optical coupling enters reversely to amplify optical signal；
When the first photodetector in photoelectric detection system and the second photodetector receive what Inductive links were sent back
Flashlight, the photoelectric current of generation are converted into magnitude of voltage by transimpedance amplifier, and signal is carried out by programmable instrumentation amplifier
The second level is amplified, then signal is transmitted to processor by analog-digital converter and carries out analyzing and processing calculating, and simultaneous processor passes through the
Two digital analog converters set the gain coefficient of programmable instrumentation amplifier, adjust voltage amplification factor.
The method, the method that processor is handled include：
S1 fiber link) is arranged along vibration source, vibration source, which applies single mode optical fiber, to be disturbed；
S2) processor with maximum sample frequency multiple repairing weld and preserves vibration source sensing data, and data are demodulated with fortune
Calculation obtains the phase information in each sampled signal；Again to vibration source sensing data by down sample again, in each sample frequency
Multiple sampled signal phase informations are equally obtained down；
S3) all sampled signal phase informations are preserved, obtain multiple training samples；
S4 fast Fourier transformation operation) is carried out to all training samples and obtains a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frequency sound
Curve is answered, carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) again, the frequency response for obtaining a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frequency response curve is bent
Line, is known as secondary Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frequency response curve, finds secondary Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frequency response curve response
The frequency values f at peak, the vibration source of different distance can cause different f values；
S5 the peak-to-average force ratio of all secondary Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frequency response curves of training sample, the i.e. curve peak) are calculated
The ratio between value and its virtual value, carry out judgement screening, if peak-to-average force ratio, higher than threshold value (such as 10% sample before retaining), retaining should
Sample curve, otherwise removes the sample curve；
S6 the response peak frequency values that the sample curve after screening) is obtained according to step S5 calculate the distance of training vibration source
Array, calculation formula：L=c/2nf, wherein L are vibration source distance, and n is optical fibre refractivity, and c is the light velocity；Then it is big according to distance
It is small to be ranked up, take the estimated distance that median is the training vibration source；
S7) the estimated distance obtained according to step S6, according to the proportional relationship of estimated distance section-down-sampled frequency multiple
Corresponding down-sampled frequency multiple is chosen, multi collect analysis is carried out after determining sample frequency, multiple samples is obtained, by step
The method of rapid S4 calculates the response peak frequency values f' of each sample；
S8 distance value L') is calculated according to L'=c/2nf', sorts by apart from size, takes median and consecutive points (such as adjacent
2-3 sample) candidate point is used as, calculate and compare peak-to-average force ratio, the distance value of peak-to-average force ratio maximum is considered as resulting vibration distance.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have the advantages that following main：
One employs distributed optical fiber sensing technology, and outdoor passive sensing element, pressure-resistant, corrosion resistant are used as using optical fiber
Erosion, electromagnetism interference, the real-time continuous monitoring of non-blind area.
Secondly is based on white light interference type Sagnac principle of interference, low to light source requirements, transducer sensitivity is high, by outer
Boundary's interference is small.
Thirdly uses bi-directional light power amplification, distance sensing is increased substantially to several hundred kilometers.
Its four, employs the data acquisition localization method of rate adaptation, while system data treating capacity is not increased
Improve the positioning accuracy under the conditions of long range.
Its five, uses voltage-controlled tabilized current power supply and adjustable gain receiving module, has Larger Dynamic scope, is widely used in more
Kind application requirements.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the extra long distance distribution optical sensor system structure diagram based on two-way light amplification of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the extra long distance distribution light sensing link structure schematic diagram based on two-way light amplification of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the bidirectional optical fiber amplifier architecture schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the optical transceiver module schematic diagram of the adaptation long-distance sensing system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the data processing method flow chart for being suitable for extra long distance sensing of the present invention.
In figure：1. wideband laser；2. first (3 × 3) fiber coupler；3. the first fiber arm；4. the second fiber arm；5.
Be delayed coil；6. fiber coupler；7. the Inductive links with bidirectional optical amplifier；8. Faraday mirror；9. the first photoelectricity is visited
Survey device；10. the second photodetector；11. single mode optical fiber；12. bidirectional optical amplifier；13.980nm wavelength pump laser；14.
3rd fiber coupler；15. Er-doped fiber (EDF)；16. light channel structure (2-8 of Fig. 1)；17. wideband light source；18. voltage-controlled constant current
Source circuit；19. current sampling circuit；20. photodetector；21. transimpedance amplifier；22. programmable instrumentation amplifier；23.
Analog-digital converter；24. processor；25.TEC control circuits；26. the first digital analog converter；27. the second digital analog converter；A：6 with
7 connectivity port, signal is positive from there to enter Inductive links, or reversely leaves Inductive links；B：7 and 8 connectivity port, letter
Number enter polariscope from this port is positive, or reflect polariscope；C：11st, 13,14 connectivity port, signal are positive from this port
Into the 3rd fiber coupler, or reversely leave the 3rd fiber coupler；D：13rd, 14 connectivity port, pumping laser are believed with light
Number coupling port；E：15 and next 11 connectivity port, signal leaves Er-doped fiber from port forward direction, or is redirected back into and mixes
Erbium optical fiber.
Embodiment
Existing distributed optical fiber vibration sensing alignment system, often intensity is weaker for the optical signal comprising vibration information, letter
Make an uproar than relatively low, when carrying out long-distance sensing, system accuracy is relatively low, and stability is inadequate, and measurement is repeated several times can cause system to be rung again
Long between seasonable, real-time performance is poor.For these technical problems, the invention discloses a kind of ultra long haul based on two-way light amplification
From distributed light sensing method and device.The device adds on the Inductive links of the asymmetric Sagnac interference structure of linear pattern
Bidirectional optical amplifier, carries out power amplification to the optical signal in Inductive links, breaks through the distance sensing of conventional interference structure；Utilize
The frequency spectrum of interference signal is monitored positioning to vibration source along the line, to make system adapt to the Inductive links of various different distances, adopts
Increase the applicability of system and accuracy with the adaptive data processing method of sample rate；Voltage-controlled constant current of the design with monitoring
The receiving module of laser driving circuit and Larger Dynamic scope adjustable gain, ensure extra long distance sensing outcome high s/n ratio and
Accuracy, it also avoid the signal saturated conditions being likely to occur, and increase system stability.
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
Extra long distance distribution light sensing methods of one, based on two-way light amplification
This method comprises the following steps：
As shown in figure 4, produce the adjustable wide spectrum optical of light intensity：The input voltage of controlled constant-current source circuit 18 is processed device 24
Control, changes the size of driving current by varying voltage, so as to change the luminous power of output wide spectrum optical.
The adjustable transmission circuit of dynamic state of parameters is specially：Constant-current source circuit 18 exports pre-set constant current driving wideband light source
17, output current size is converted into voltage by sample circuit 19, is transferred to processor 24 by ADC 23, monitoring output current is big
Small, simultaneous processor 24 controls the output current size of voltage controlled current source 18 by DAC 26, changes 17 output work of wideband light source
Rate.TEC (Thermoelectric Cooling, thermoelectric-cooled) drive circuit 25 monitors 17 operating temperature of wideband light source and controls
Its is constant.
As shown in Figure 1, produce the interference light signal modulated by vibration signal：The light that the wideband light source 1 of terminal is sent passes through
Asymmetric linear pattern Sagnac structure, the light of both direction are successively subject to extraneous vibration source to disturb in Inductive links 7, produce
Phase difference, generation interference light signal is converged when being back to the coupler 2 of terminal, shows light intensity change.
Specifically, the present invention is passed based on linear pattern sagnac interferometer and the modulation of the optical signal phase of two-way light amplification
Sense：Wide spectrum light source 1 sends broadband light by 3 × 3 fiber couplers 2, is propagated along two fiber arms 3,4, wherein fiber arm 3 is added and prolonged
When optical fiber 5 form asymmetric interference structure, two-way light enters Inductive links structure 7 by fiber coupler 6, by transmitting and putting
Ferrari polariscope 8 is arrived at after big, opposite direction is passed on sense link transmission and amplified again, then passes sequentially through fiber coupler again
6 and fiber arm 3,4, the two-way light propagated along link 3-6-8-6-4 and 4-6-8-6-3 collects generation at 3 × 3 fiber couplers
Interference light signal.When Inductive links are disturbed be subject to extraneous vibration signal, two-way in sensor fibre will be caused to transmit light phase
Change, amplified luminous power by bidirectional optical amplifier when transmission light both forward and reverse directions pass twice through extra long distance Inductive links, converged
The phase-modulation sensing optical signal of high s/n ratio is formed during conjunction, the intensity that detectable signal light is received by photodetector 9,10 becomes
Change, carry out real-time data analysis processing, you can the vibration event that detection occurs along Inductive links, realizes that extra long distance distribution is shaken
Dynamic sensing.
As shown in Fig. 2, the transmission amplification of flashlight：By being added in linear pattern Sagnac interference structure Inductive links
Bi-directional light structure for amplifying 12, flashlight obtain luminous power amplification in twocouese transmitting procedure.Specifically, optical signal is from A ends
Mouth enters Inductive links, connects single mode optical fiber 11, reconnects bidirectional optical amplifier structure 12, so alternately connection forms ultra long haul
From Inductive links, B ports connection faraday polariscope.When flashlight enters Inductive links, transmitted by single mode optical fiber 11, power
Decay, then luminous power is compensated by bidirectional optical amplifier 12, alternately through realizing ultra-long span transmission.
As shown in figure 3, the bi-directional light power amplification structure 12 based on Er-doped fiber：980nm long wavelength lasers are composed as pump
From D ports incoming fiber optic coupler 14, E ports connect one section of Er-doped fiber 15 and are used as gain media light source 13, do not access isolator
To ensure that forward and reverse light can be transferred through and obtain luminous power to amplify.When flashlight is transmitted from C to E, 980nm light passes through light
Fine coupler 14 is coupled into Er-doped fiber 15 in the same direction, and Pumped power amplification is carried out to flashlight；When flashlight is passed from E to C
When defeated, 980nm light reverse coupled carries out backward pumping power amplification into Er-doped fiber 15 to flashlight.When single in Inductive links 7
Mould Transmission Fibers 11 often increase certain length (such as 80km), add a bidirectional optical amplifier 12 and compensate optical power loss, adjustment
The luminous power of 14 length of Er-doped fiber and pump light source 13 makes the gain of bidirectional optical amplifier 12 be equal to growth single-mode transmission optical fiber
The loss that 11 extra bands come, so as to keep constant by the output signal light power of Inductive links 7, realizes flashlight in sensing chain
Ultra-long span transmission in road 7.
As shown in figure 4, the opto-electronic receiver of flashlight：By No. 2 photodetectors 20 (including 9 in Fig. 1 and 10) by light
Signal is changed into photoelectric current, is translated into voltage signal using trans-impedance amplifier 21, it is right to add programmable instrumentation amplifier 22
The gain of receiving circuit is adjusted on a large scale, and high s/n ratio and distortionless voltage signal are obtained for different luminous powers.
Specifically, optical detector 20 receives the flashlight returned in Inductive links, and the photoelectric current of generation across resistance by putting
Big device 21 is converted into magnitude of voltage, and second level amplification is carried out to signal by programmable instrumentation amplifier 22, by ADC 23 by signal
Processor 24 is transmitted to, analyzing and processing calculating is carried out to signal, simultaneous processor 24 is by DAC 27 to programmable instrumentation amplifier
22 gain coefficient is set, and adjusts voltage amplification factor.When the Inductive links length increase of access, pass through processor 24
The driving current of higher is set, increases the output power of wideband light source 17, increases the amplification factor of programmable instrumentation amplifier 22,
The signal-to-noise ratio of increase system.When the Inductive links length of access reduces, the driving current of smaller is set by processor 24, is subtracted
Small light source power, while reduce the amplification factor of programmable instrumentation amplifier 22, avoid signal saturation.
As shown in figure 5, data processing and vibration position：Collection storage signal is simultaneously demodulated, and obtains the phase in signal
Information, Primary Location distance is calculated after Primary Location, and the particular sample frequency for choosing response carries out a large amount of sampling analyses, and it is fixed to improve
Position precision.
Extra long distance distribution optical sensing means of two, based on two-way light amplification
1. the extra long distance distribution optical sensor system device based on two-way light amplification
Present apparatus structure as shown in Figure 1, including：1,3 × 3 fiber coupler 2 of wide spectrum light source, fiber arm 3,4, be delayed coil
5, fiber coupler 6, extra long distance Inductive links 7, Faraday mirror 8, and photodetector 9,10, connect successively by light path
Connect.
Present apparatus operation principle is：Single channel extra long distance Inductive links 7 are laid with along monitoring zone perimeters, wide range ASE
(Amplified Spontaneous Emission, amplified spontaneous emission) light source 1 is used as system source, its spectral width is about
8nm, is connected to 3 × 3 fiber coupler, 2 one input ends, and one outlet end in coupler is done macrobend processing avoids end face anti-
Light is penetrated, wide spectrum optical is by meeting after 3 × 3 fiber couplers 2 by 1:1 point enters two fiber arms 3,4 for two-way light, wherein in fiber arm
The single mode optical fiber that certain length (such as 0.5km) is added in 3 forms unsymmetric structure as delay coil 5, and two-way light passes through light
Fine coupler 6 enters Inductive links 7.As shown in Fig. 2, in extra long distance Inductive links, flashlight first from A to B ports just
To transmission, often by entering a bi-directional light structure for amplifying 12 after the single-mode transmission optical fiber 11 of certain length (such as 80km).Such as Fig. 3
Shown, in bi-directional light structure for amplifying, transmission light enters one section of Er-doped fiber 15 from C-terminal mouth by fiber coupler 14, at the same time
980nm pump lights 13 carry out Pumped light amplification, the signal amplified by fiber coupler 14 from D ports to flashlight
Light enters next section of single-mode transmission optical fiber from E ports, is put after certain length (such as 80km) transmission into next bi-directional light
Big structure 12, flashlight alternate transport and amplification in a link, the backtracking when reaching Faraday mirror 8, is again introduced into
Extra long distance Inductive links 7.In bidirectional optical amplifier structure 12, light opposite direction enters er-doped light from E ports to C-terminal port transmission
Fibre, and pump light enters Er-doped fiber by fiber coupler 14 from D ports and carries out backward pumping light amplification to flashlight, amplification
Optical signal afterwards enters next section of single-mode transmission optical fiber from C-terminal mouth, and fiber coupler 6 and light are passed sequentially through after alternate transport amplification
Fine arm 3,4, converges to form interference at 3 × 3 fiber couplers 2, is connect with 2 photodetectors, 9,10 pairs of interference light signals
Receive.
When certain in sensor fibre link or have more be subject to extraneous vibration to disturb when, the transmission light of both direction successively by
Phase difference is produced to phase-modulation, the phase place change that this time difference brings will reflect the positional information of vibration source, by light
Electric explorer 9,10 received signal transmissions to control module progress real time data processing can be monitored along Inductive links
Vibration event.
2. suitable for the controllable optical transceiver module structure of each length Inductive links
Present apparatus structure as shown in figure 4, including：Optical detection link 16, wide spectrum light source 17, negative-feedback constant-current source circuit 18,
Current sampling circuit 19, DAC 26,27, TEC control circuits 25, photodetector 20, transimpedance amplifier 21, programmable instrumentation
Amplifier 22, ADC 23, and MCU 24.
Present apparatus operation principle is：Light source driver module uses voltage-controlled 18 output current of negative-feedback constant-current source, and the circuit is defeated
Go out electric current to be given by input terminal voltage, current sampling circuit 19 samples the electric current of output and result is defeated by ADC 23
Go out to processor 24, the input voltage value that simultaneous processor adjusts constant-current source circuit 18 by DAC 26 is big to set driving current
It is small.TEC control circuits 25 read laser. operating temperature and feed back to processor 24 and control TEC constant lasers device work temperature at the same time
Degree, enables wideband light source to stablize output.
The output photoelectric circulation of photodetector 20 is turned into voltage signal with trans-impedance amplifier 21 in Optical Receivers, then
Level-one programmable instrumentation amplifier 22 is added to obtain 40dB variable range voltage gains, by ADC 23 by the signal number of acquisition
According to processor 24 is transferred to, simultaneous processor controls the gain coefficient of programmable instrumentation amplifier 22 by DAC 27.To it is long away from
From Inductive links for, received flashlight is relatively small, and the signal-to-noise ratio of signal is improved by improving amplification factor, ensure
The accuracy of positioning；And it is larger for the Inductive links of relatively short distance, signal light intensity, reduce amplification factor to ensure signal not
Meeting saturation, improves system stability.
Three, are suitable for the data processing method of extra long distance sensing
As shown in flow chart 5, step is notebook data processing method：
Optical fiber is applied by distance arrangement vibration source along Fibre Optical Sensor link and is disturbed；
Sampled with maximum sampling rate and preserve data, data are demodulated with computing and obtains the phase information in signal；
Down-sampled, the several training samples of each sample frequency acquisition are carried out with 1,2,3 ... integral multiples；
FFT (Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) computing is carried out to all training samples and obtains phase-frequency response, tries to achieve trap
Frequency point, carries out FFT calculating and the relevant peak response frequency of vibration source position, between further trying to achieve between trap wave point again
Every frequency；
Training sample curve peak-to-average force ratio is calculated, oscillation point is calculated according to the spacing frequency between trap wave point when higher than threshold value
Distance is simultaneously stored in apart from array, and array of adjusting the distance sorts by size the estimate for taking median to can obtain distance；
Corresponding down-sampled frequency multiple is chosen according to estimated distance：0~50km, 1 times；50~100km, 2 times；100~
150km, 3 times；150~200km, 4 times ... carry out great amount of samples collection analysis after selecting frequency, carry out fft analysis twice and obtain
To peak response frequency；
Calculate accurately apart from array, to array in magnitude order, take some candidate points on median and both sides, calculate
And comparing peak-to-average force ratio, the distance value corresponding to maximum peak-to-average force ratio is resulting vibration distance.
The above embodiment is only limitted to the further explanation to the present invention, does not form the limit to technical solution of the present invention
It is fixed.Any modification or partial replacement of spirit and scope of the invention is not departed from, should all be covered in scope of the presently claimed invention
In the middle.
Claims (8)
1. the extra long distance distribution optical sensing means based on two-way light amplification, it is characterised in that：Including the control being sequentially connected
With processing unit, wideband laser (1), the first fiber coupler (2), the first fiber arm (3) and the second fiber arm in parallel
(4), the second fiber coupler (6), Inductive links (7) and Faraday mirror (8), control and processing unit and the first optical fiber coupling
Photoelectric detection system (20) is further connected between clutch (2)；
The control includes processor (24) with processing unit, and wideband laser (1) includes wideband light source (17), wideband light source
(17) it is connected with the first fiber coupler (2), wideband light source (17) is further connected with controlled constant-current source circuit (18), voltage controlled current source electricity
Road (18) passes sequentially through current sampling circuit (19), analog-digital converter (23) is connected with processor (24), processor (24) and pressure
The first digital analog converter (26) is further connected between control constant-current source circuit (18), is also connect between processor (24) and wideband light source (17)
There is thermoelectric-cooled drive circuit (25).
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：First fiber arm (3) is equipped with delay coil (5).
3. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Inductive links (7) include single mode optical fiber (11), single mode optical fiber
(11) multiple bidirectional optical amplifiers (12) are serially connected with.
4. device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Bidirectional optical amplifier (12) includes being serially connected in single mode optical fiber
(11) the 3rd fiber coupler (14) and Er-doped fiber (15) on, the 3rd fiber coupler (14) are further connected with pump laser
(13)。
5. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Photoelectric detection system (20) passes sequentially through transimpedance amplifier
(21), programmable instrumentation amplifier (22) is connected with analog-digital converter (23), programmable instrumentation amplifier (22) and processor
(24) the second digital analog converter (27) is further connected between.
6. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Photoelectric detection system (20) includes the first photodetector
(9) and the second photodetector (10), they are connected with the first fiber coupler (2).
7. the extra long distance distribution light sensing method based on two-way light amplification, it is characterised in that including：By Inductive links (7) edge
Monitor zone perimeters to be laid with, by the input voltage of processor (24) control controlled constant-current source circuit (18), drive wideband light source
(17) optical signal is sent, optical signal is sent to (2) input ends of the first fiber coupler, passes through the first fiber coupler (2)
After be divided into two-way light and enter the first fiber arm (3) and the second fiber arm (4), wherein adding one in the first fiber arm (3)
Section single-mould fiber forms unsymmetric structure as delay coil (5), and two-way light enters sensing chain by the second fiber coupler (6)
Road (7) is sensed and is amplified, backtracking when reaching Faraday mirror (8), is again introduced into Inductive links (7) and is carried out reversely
Amplification, then be divided by the second fiber coupler (6) to the second fiber arm (4), the first fiber arm (3), in the first fiber coupler
(2) place converges to form interference, and interference light signal is received by the first photodetector (9), the second photodetector (10),
Processor (24) is handled；
The method that the processor (24) is handled includes：
S1 Inductive links (7)) are arranged along vibration source, vibration source, which applies single mode optical fiber (11), to be disturbed；
S2) processor (24) with maximum sample frequency multiple repairing weld and preserves vibration source sensing data, and data are demodulated with fortune
Calculation obtains the phase information in each sampled signal；Again to vibration source sensing data by down sample again, in each sample frequency
Multiple sampled signal phase informations are equally obtained down；
S3) all sampled signal phase informations are preserved, obtain multiple training samples；
S4 fast Fourier transformation operation) is carried out to all training samples and obtains Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frequency response song
Line, carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) again, obtains the frequency response curve of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frequency response curve, claims
For secondary Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frequency response curve, the frequency of secondary Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frequency response curve response peak is found
Rate value f, the vibration source of different distance can cause different f values；
S5) calculate the peak-to-average force ratio of all secondary Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frequency response curves of training sample, i.e., the peak of curve with
The ratio between its virtual value, carries out judgement screening, if peak-to-average force ratio is higher than threshold value, retains the sample curve, otherwise removes the sample
Curve；
S6 the response peak frequency values that the sample curve after screening) is obtained according to step S5 calculate the distance number of training vibration source
Group, calculation formula：L=c/2nf, wherein L are vibration source distance, and n is optical fibre refractivity, and c is the light velocity；Then according to apart from size
It is ranked up, takes the estimated distance that median is the training vibration source；
S7) the estimated distance obtained according to step S6, chooses according to the proportional relationship of estimated distance section-down-sampled frequency multiple
Corresponding down-sampled frequency multiple, carries out multi collect analysis after determining sample frequency, multiple samples is obtained, by step S4
Method calculate the response peak frequency values f' of each sample；
S8 distance value L') is calculated according to L'=c/2nf', is sorted by apart from size, takes median and consecutive points as candidate point,
Calculate and compare peak-to-average force ratio, the distance value of peak-to-average force ratio maximum is considered as resulting vibration distance.
8. according to the method described in claim 7, it is characterized in that：
Current sampling circuit (19) also samples the electric current of controlled constant-current source circuit (18) output, and result is passed through modulus
Converter (23), which exports, gives processor (24), and simultaneous processor (24) adjusts voltage controlled current source by the first digital analog converter (26)
The input voltage value of circuit (18), to set driving current size, thermoelectric-cooled drive circuit (25) reads wideband light source (17)
Operating temperature feed back to processor (24), processor (24) while control thermoelectric-cooled drive circuit (25) with constant broadband light
The operating temperature in source (17)；
When the optical signal of the second fiber coupler (6) output enters the 3rd fiber coupler (14) in Inductive links (7), by
The coupling pump light that pump laser (13) is sent enters to carry out optical signal positive amplification, and is carried out by Er-doped fiber (15)
Gain；When the optical signal by Faraday mirror (8) backtracking enters the 3rd fiber coupler by Er-doped fiber (15)
(14) when, the coupling pump light sent by pump laser (13) enters reversely to amplify optical signal；
When the first photodetector (9) in photoelectric detection system (20) and the second photodetector (10) receive Inductive links
(7) flashlight sent back, the photoelectric current of generation are converted into magnitude of voltage by transimpedance amplifier (21), are put by programmable instrumentation
Big device (22) carries out second level amplification to signal, then signal is transmitted to processor (24) by analog-digital converter (23) and is analyzed
Processing calculates, gain coefficient of the simultaneous processor (24) by the second digital analog converter (27) to programmable instrumentation amplifier (22)
Set, adjust voltage amplification factor.
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| CN113324568B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-04-12 | 复旦大学 | Distributed optical fiber sensing positioning system based on asymmetric fusion interferometer |
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