CN104588616B - Wire-drawing die and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wire-drawing die and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wire-drawing die, the surface of its working position has a kind of carbide coating, and provides a kind of preparation method for being used to obtain above-mentioned wire-drawing die.The wire-drawing die, has carbide coating in its upper and lower surface working position.The composite bed ecto-entad of the quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers, micron WC ceramic layers and WC and matrix distribution gradient successively, it is applied in carbon steel surface.Carbon steel surface can be applied in.The present invention is by casting obtained matrix and tungsten complex, the outer carbon source of outer introducing, and heat, be incubated, so as to be metallurgical binding between the coating and matrix in matrix surface formation carbide coating, adhesion is very strong, overcome non-metallurgical binding between existing hard particles and matrix, adhesion is very weak, the problem of particle easily comes off, and the anti-wear performance of wire-drawing die working surface is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
There is wear-resistant coating composite die tool and preparation method thereof the present invention relates to one kind, more particularly to it is a kind of with resistance to
Grind carbide coating composite die tool and preparation method thereof, and in particular to a kind of wear resistant carbide applied to carbon steel surface is applied
Layer composite die tool and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In metal-pressed machine, metal is set to be forced through mould under external force, metal cross-sectional area is compressed, and is obtained
The instrument for obtaining required cross-sectional area shape and size is referred to as wire drawing die.In metallic article drawing industry, wire drawing die right and wrong
Often important easy work consuming tool.Wire drawing die is widely used, the high accuracy as used in electronic device, radar, TV, instrument and space flight etc.
Silk material and conventional tungsten filament, molybdenum filament, stainless steel wire, electric wire silk and various B alloy wires are drawn with dimaond die
Out, dimaond die using natural diamond due to making raw material, so that with extremely strong wearability, service life pole
Height, but because natural diamond has anisotropy in structure, cause its hardness also into anisotropy so that nib weares and teares not
Uniformly, product not rounding, and its cost is high, it is rare, cause it to use limited.Next, though polycrystalline diamond wire drawing die hardness
Height, the characteristics of abrasion resistance is strong, but because its fragility is larger, limits it and widely use.It is well known that wire drawing die is used as metal
The basic tool of product deformation processing, the quality of wire drawing die badly influences the quality of product, die life, production effect
The many factors such as rate, the energy and cost consumption.For intermetallic composite coating basic tool, the new cheap high-performance of exploitation is also needed to draw
Silk mould, can meet the requirement of intensity, plasticity and toughness and wearability, and with low cost, and preparation technology is simple, and it is extensive fixed to be adapted to
Type is produced.
The coating of carbide material is to use a kind of more material at this stage, and it has hardness height, abrasion resistance properties superior
The characteristics of, the wearability of the parts prepared by matrix material can be improved by being covered in alloy base surface with coating way
With the life-span.Carbide material has the characteristics of hardness is high, abrasion resistance properties are superior.Wherein the carbide fusing point and hardness of tungsten all compared with
Height, and it is preferable with the compatibility of iron, it is preferable wear-resistant coating component.It is a kind of common coating material, it has following features special
Property：
(1) tungsten carbide has high intensity, high rigidity and high-modulus；
(2) WC good toughness, resistance to shock loads and wear resistence are good, are combined with matrix with preferable anti-interfacial corrosion ability,
And it is good with steel wetability, angle of wetting therebetween is zero；
(3) secondly, China is the Fu Changuo of tungsten, so selecting WC as enhancing on technology, economic and social benefit
It is all very suitable.
Therefore, WC coatings be widely used as chipless cold/hot metal machining tool, it is cutting tool, various moulds, wear-resisting resistance to
Hot anti-corrosion piece surface etc..
The method of current metal material surface coating has chemical vapour deposition technique, a physical vaporous deposition, heat spraying method,
Hot plating method etc..But these methods, there is production equipment and require that harshness, low production efficiency, anchoring strength of coating are low not
Foot.
Therefore how the coating of WC Carbide Phases is obtained in wire-drawing die working surface, and selects a kind of production equipment letter
The short preparation method of single, technological process, is obtained and basal body binding force is good, difficult for drop-off and mechanical property, anti-wear performance are excellent
Coating is urgent problem to be solved.
The content of the invention
It is in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and not enough, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of wire-drawing die, its
The surface of working position has a kind of wear resistant carbide coating, and die matrix is still carbon steel, and the carbide coating is WC fine and close
Ceramic layer, its chemical stability and wearability are good, with low-friction coefficient, high rigidity, low-surface-energy and low thermal conductiv-ity；And
Further there is provided a kind of preparation method for being used to obtain wear resistant carbide coating.
Further, the present invention also provides a kind of composite die tool, and its wire-drawing die surface has a kind of graded composite
Coating, the gradient composite coating is carbide coating, and it is preferably coated in wire-drawing die matrix surface, to improve its surface
Wearability and fracture toughness, particularly carbon steel or Cast Iron Surface, and a kind of preparation side for being used to obtain above-mentioned coating is provided
Method.
The wire-drawing die, has wear-resistant coating in mold working surface, so as to favorably ensure that mold working surface has
Very high hardness and good wearability, and die matrix part has good toughness.
To realize the object of the invention, present invention employs following technical scheme：
A kind of surface has the wire-drawing die of wear-resistant coating, and the wear-resistant coating is WC dense ceramic layers；Preferably, WC is fine and close
Ceramic layer is defined monocrystalline phase, and the quasi- monocrystalline mutually refers to, between many crystalline phases and monocrystalline phase, compared to many crystalline phases, crystal orientation one
Cause property is high, crystal boundary is significantly reduced, and the more orderly microscopic structure of atomic arrangement.
It is highly preferred that along WC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profiles, its thickness is 50-180 μm, preferably 100-180 μm；It is preferred that
, wherein WC volume fraction is more than 80%, preferably greater than 85%；It is preferred that, its particle diameter is 10-50 μm, preferably 20-50 μ
m。
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of surface and has the wire drawing die of gradient composite coating, the gradient composite coating is
Carbide coating, including the fused layer of the WC dense ceramic layers of distribution gradient, micron WC ceramic layers, WC and matrix successively.
Preferably, WC dense ceramic layers are defined monocrystalline phase, and the quasi- monocrystalline mutually refers to, between many crystalline phases and monocrystalline phase
Between, compared to many crystalline phases, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary is significantly reduced, and the more orderly microscopic structure of atomic arrangement.
It is furthermore preferred that along WC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profiles, its thickness is 50-180 μm, preferably 100-180 μm；It is preferred that
, wherein WC volume fraction is more than 80%, preferably greater than 85%；It is preferred that, its particle diameter is 10-50 μm, preferably 20-50 μ
m。
It is highly preferred that along micron WC ceramic layer longitudinal profiles, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70-180 μm, preferably
For 130-180 μm；Wherein WC volume fraction is more than 75%, preferably greater than 80%, and its particle diameter is 5-30 μm, preferably 6-25 μ
m。
It is further preferred that along WC and the fused layer longitudinal profile of matrix, its thickness is that its thickness is 60-300 μm,
Preferably 100-300 μm；Wherein WC volume fraction is more than 40%, preferably 80%, and its particle diameter is 1-20 μm, preferably 5-10
μm。
Preferably, gradient composite coating gross thickness is 180-660 μm；It is preferred that at 330-660 μm.
It is highly preferred that tissue according to heat treatment mode be not all pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and
One or more in sorbite；Preferably, the gradient composite coating is applied in carbon steel surface.
The plain steel provides that the trade mark of carbon steel is distinguished used in this case according in standard GB/T 221-79
For：Q275A, Q255AF, 45 steel, T12A, T8, ZG270-450 etc..
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of wire-drawing die, and the working surface of its wire-drawing die has wear-resistant coating, wraps
Include following steps：
1) a tungsten plate is first prepared, it is preferable that wherein the Pureness control of tungsten is in 99.7-99.99%；Preferably, the tungsten plate
Thickness control in 0.2-3mm；Preferably, the tungsten plate is first surface-treated；
2) according to wire-drawing die size, wire-drawing die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to wire-drawing die
Work force-bearing situation, its key wear is friction strong between wire-drawing die endoporus and work metal, accordingly in wire drawing
Mould evaporative pattern working surface fixed tungsten plate, then fixes external carbon source in tungsten plate surface, and the external carbon source is more than three-level
Graphite paper, purity 99%, thickness is 0.1-0.35mm, it is combined closely with tungsten plate.
3) according to wire-drawing die size, sand mold is made；Preferably, CO is used2Waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin
Sand or tide mould sand make sand mold.
4) it is molten steel to smelt metal base, it is preferable that temperature control is at 1610 DEG C -1630 DEG C.
5) evaporative pattern process for suction casting is used, above-mentioned molten steel is poured into and above-mentioned is placed with wire-drawing die evaporative pattern, tungsten plate
In the sand mold of carbon source, after after molten steel cooled and solidified, taking out casting, sand removal processing obtains wire-drawing die matrix for carbon steel, wire drawing
Mould endoporus working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate；Preferably, pouring temperature control is at 1610 DEG C -1630 DEG C；It is more excellent
Selection of land, the duration of pouring is to be advisable for 40-50 seconds；It is further preferred that after one minute, in hot topping, it is preferable that room temperature is cooled down.
6) the obtained wire-drawing die complex of having cast is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally with stove
Room temperature is cooled to, so that in wire-drawing die bore area formation wear-resistant coating, and wire-drawing die matrix is still plain steel.
Wherein wear resistant carbide coating is WC dense ceramic layers.
Preferably, by rate-determining steps 6) in soaking time, holding temperature obtain the WC dense ceramic layers；Preferably, WC
Dense ceramic layers are defined monocrystalline phase, and the quasi- monocrystalline mutually refers to, between many crystalline phases and monocrystalline phase, compared to many crystalline phases, brilliant
Significantly reduced to uniformity height, crystal boundary, and the more orderly microscopic structure of atomic arrangement.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of wire-drawing die, and the working surface of its wire-drawing die has graded composite painting
Layer, comprises the following steps：
1) a tungsten plate is first prepared, it is preferable that wherein the Pureness control of tungsten is in 99.7-99.99%；Preferably, the tungsten plate
Thickness control is in 0.2-3mm；, the tungsten plate is first to be surface-treated；
2) according to wire-drawing die size, wire-drawing die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to wire-drawing die
Work force-bearing situation, its key wear is friction strong between wire-drawing die endoporus and work metal, accordingly in wire drawing
Mould evaporative pattern working surface fixed tungsten plate, then fixes external carbon source in tungsten plate surface, it is combined closely with tungsten plate；
3) according to wire-drawing die size, sand mold is made；Preferably, CO is used2Waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin
Sand or tide mould sand make sand mold.
4) it is molten steel to smelt metal base；Preferably, temperature control is at 1610 DEG C -1630 DEG C.
5) evaporative pattern process for suction casting is used, above-mentioned molten steel is poured into and above-mentioned is placed with wire-drawing die evaporative pattern, tungsten plate
In the sand mold of external carbon source, after after molten steel cooled and solidified, taking out casting, sand removal processing obtains wire-drawing die matrix for carbon steel,
Wire-drawing die endoporus working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate；Preferably, pouring temperature control is at 1610 DEG C -1630 DEG C；
It is highly preferred that the duration of pouring is to be advisable for 40-50 seconds；It is further preferred that after one minute, in hot topping, room temperature cooling；
6) the obtained wire-drawing die complex of having cast is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally with stove
Room temperature is cooled to, so that in wire-drawing die bore area formation wear-resistant coating, and wire-drawing die matrix is still plain steel.
7) wire-drawing die with gradient composite coating obtained by is further heat-treated to obtain more suitably matrix group
Knit.
Preferably, tungsten plate thickness is 0.2-3mm；If less than 0.2mm, tungsten plate is just complete in cast recombination process
Reaction, it is impossible to obtain WC dense ceramic layers, directly generate Dispersed precipitate WC particle；Then diffusion length is caused to increase more than 3mm, instead
It should be short of power.
Preferably, by strict rate-determining steps 6) in holding temperature and the relation of time, obtain the quasi- monocrystalline phase WC and cause
Close ceramic layer.The ceramic layer shows shows as crystal boundary reduction under more obvious quasi- single crystal organization, light microscope, and influence is disconnected
The dislocation for splitting toughness is also accordingly reduced, and instead of sub boundary increases, and effectively improves the anti-crack ability of the ceramic layer.
Preferably, by rate-determining steps 6) in soaking time, holding temperature obtain the gradient composite coating i.e. carbide and apply
Layer, the carbide coating includes quasi- monocrystalline phase WC dense ceramic layers, micron WC ceramic layers, WC and the base of distribution gradient successively
The fused layer of body.
It is highly preferred that above-mentioned steps 6) in holding temperature, soaking time and the gradient composite coating that finally results in
Gross thickness meet equation below,
L=kTlogt1/2+b0
Wherein：
The gross thickness (μm) of L --- gradient composite coating,
K --- it is constant, value is 0-1, k ≠ 0,
T --- reaction temperature (K),
T --- the reaction time (s),
b0--- the thickness of the composite bed formed after the cast of reaction original depth (μm), i.e. molten steel between tungsten plate.
To sum up, the gradient composite coating, including WC dense ceramic layers, hardness are high.The WC dense ceramic layers are defined list
Crystalline phase, the quasi- monocrystalline mutually refers to that arrangement monocrystalline unlike of atom has identical lattice like that, but still has strictly
Sequentially, geometry arrangement is showed；Uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary is significantly reduced, and atomic arrangement is more orderly.Quasi- monocrystalline is mutually situated between
Between many crystalline phases and monocrystalline phase, compared to many crystalline phases, the crystal boundary of quasi- monocrystalline phase is significantly reduced, and dislocation density is low, there is more Asia
Crystal boundary, therefore hardness is obviously improved；And than monocrystalline phase, it requires lower to preparation method, and organize more stable.
Preferably, in step 1) in, it is as follows the step of surface treatment：
First step pickling, the phosphoric acid or 120ml/L hydrogen peroxide of hydrochloric acid or 60ml/L from 300ml/L, rear flowing water punching
Wash；
Second step pickling, the sulfuric acid or 240ml/L hydrogen peroxide of hydrofluoric acid or 200ml/L from 300ml/L, rear flowing water
Rinse；
3rd step surface is polished, from 800 mesh or thinner Al2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.
It is highly preferred that step 2) in external carbon source be graphite paper；Preferably, the graphite paper is more than three-level purity
99%, thickness is 0.1-0.35mm.
Preferably, step 6) in, 1000-1140 DEG C is warming up to, programming rate is controlled in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 2-
8h, preferably 4-8h.
Preferably, selected plain steel is mild steel, medium carbon steel or high-carbon steel.
Preferably, protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen, and gas flow is 4-8ml/min.
Wherein, holding temperature should be strict controlled in above range, and temperature is higher than 1140 DEG C, the liquid phase mistake in course of reaction
It is many, and cause block quasi- phase monocrystal WC, Dispersed precipitate WC particle is directly generated, and block quasi- monocrystalline mutually densification WC potteries can not be obtained
Enamel coating；But temperature is less than 1000 DEG C, then W solubility is too low, and reaction positive can not be carried out.Likewise, soaking time also should
The holding one is rational interval, and the time, mutually densification WC ceramic layers disappeared block quasi- monocrystalline more than 8h, Reaction-diffusion terms generation disperse
Distribution WC particle and matrix are merged, and less than 2h, then react the WC of acquisition very little, coating layer thickness is difficult to ensure that, optimal should
This is maintained at 4-8h.
It is highly preferred that the carbon steel complex with carbide coating is further heat-treated to obtain more suitably matrix group
Knit；Preferably, it is heat-treated at 550-800 DEG C or so, matrix is pearlitic structrure；Or be heat-treated at 220-450 DEG C,
Matrix is bainite structure；Or in 220 DEG C of heat treated below, matrix is martensitic structure.
The wire-drawing die matrix is preferably carbon steel, plain steel be organized as pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite,
One or more in austenite and sorbite.The plain steel is according to regulation, institute in this case in standard GB/T 221-79
It is respectively using the trade mark of carbon steel：Q275A, Q255AF, 45 steel, T12A, T8, ZG270-450 etc..
The present invention is obtained after steel tungsten complex by casting, and introduces external carbon source, in the way of heating diffusion, passes through control
The relation of holding temperature, soaking time and coating layer thickness, can form carbide coating in metal surface, be between coating and matrix
Metallurgical binding, adhesion is very strong, overcomes non-metallurgical binding between existing hard particles and matrix, and adhesion is very weak, and particle is easy
The problem of coming off, is greatly improved the mechanical property of coating.And this method is simple to operate, without complex device, and due to
The diversity of casting sand mould, it is adaptable to produce wear parts with complex shape, the mine-used parts such as teeth.
On the other hand, the microhardness of double carbide coating of the present invention is up to the block quasi- monocrystalline on carbon steel surface of the present invention
The hardness of phase WC dense ceramic layers is up to 2000-2400HV0.05, relative wear resistance is 10-22 times of matrix.The relative wear
The definition of property is：Using matrix material as standard specimen, under same load, it is tested coating and produces wear extent and standard specimen generation
The ratio of wear extent is referred to as the relative wear resistance of coating, therefore the relative wear resistance of also referred to as coating is several times of matrix, under
State identical parameters examination criteria same.
This is due to that WC dense ceramic layers therein are defined single crystal organization, and chemical stability and wearability are good, are rubbed with low
Wipe coefficient, high rigidity, low-surface-energy and low thermal conductiv-ity.And the hardness of corresponding micron WC ceramic layers can only achieve
1200-2000HV0.05, its relative wear resistance is 6-10 times of matrix.
This preparation method, and follow-up different heat treatment mode, make in wire-drawing die working surface and wire-drawing die
Hole has different mechanical properties in itself, meets the different performance requirement to various pieces in actual production.This wire drawing die
Having surface has higher hardness, reaches as high as 2400HV0.05, excellent wearability is obtained, is the 10-22 of ordinary carbon steel
Times.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is wire-drawing die preparation technology figure in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is wire-drawing die and each several part schematic illustration of tissue after being heat-treated in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is quasi- monocrystalline phase WC ceramic layers micro-organization chart in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is many crystalline phase micro-organization charts of WC ceramic layers in the present invention.
In figure, 1. graphite papers, 2. tungsten plates, 3. block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers, 4. microns of WC dense ceramic layers, 5.WC
With the fused layer of matrix, wire drawing die matrix, 7. wire-drawing die evaporative patterns after 6. heat treatments.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：The preparation method of wire-drawing die, step is as follows：
1st, a tungsten plate 2 is first prepared, the wherein purity of tungsten should be controlled 99.7%.The tungsten plate 2 first should be subject to surface
Processing, step is as follows：
First step pickling, from 300ml/L hydrochloric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, from 300ml/L hydrofluoric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from the Al of 800 mesh2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the tungsten plate 2
Control is in 0.2mm.
2nd, according to wire-drawing die size, wire-drawing die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to wire-drawing die
Work force-bearing situation, its key wear is friction strong between wire-drawing die endoporus and work metal, accordingly in wire drawing
The working surface fixed tungsten plate of mould evaporative pattern 7, then fixes external carbon source in tungsten plate surface, and the carbon source is stone more than three-level
Black paper 1, purity 99%, thickness is 0.1mm, it is combined closely with tungsten plate, as shown in Figure 1.
3rd, according to wire-drawing die size, sand mold is made；Preferably, CO is used2Waterglass hardened sand makes sand mold.
4th, Q275A base materials 6 are smelted for molten steel, temperature control is at 1630 DEG C.Selected matrix 6 is mild steel.
5th, above-mentioned molten steel is poured into the sand mold 2 for placing above-mentioned tungsten plate 2, pouring temperature is controlled in 1630 DEG C, the duration of pouring
40 seconds, after cooling, after one minute, after hot topping, cooling, it was that Q275A matrix underparts are the compound of tungsten plate 2 to obtain top
Body.
6th, the obtained wire-drawing die complex of having cast is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, is warming up to
1000 DEG C, programming rate is controlled in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 2h, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains the plain steel
Surface includes the carbide coating of block quasi- monocrystalline mutually densification WC ceramic layers.The protection gas is argon gas, and gas flow is
5ml/min。
7th, the Q275A matrixes with carbide coating of gained, are further heat-treated to obtain more suitably matrix group
Knit, heat treatment step is：In 220 DEG C of heat treated below, matrix is martensitic structure.
The carbide coating, including WC dense ceramic layers 3, be defined monocrystalline phase, its particle diameter, and its particle diameter is 10 μm；Along painting
Layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 50 μm, and wherein WC volume fraction is 85%.
Further, including the micron WC ceramic layers 4 under above-mentioned quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, it is vertical along coating
To section, its thickness is 70 μm, and WC volume fraction is 80%, and its particle diameter is 5 μm.
Further also include being located at the WC under above-mentioned quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layers 4
With the fused layer 5 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 60 μm, and wherein WC volume fraction is 80%, and its particle diameter is 1 μ
m。
To sum up, the coating can be composite coating, it include quasi- monocrystalline phase WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layers 4 and
The fused layer 5 of WC and matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness are 180 μm.The Q275A matrix are martensite.
The hardness of carbide coating is 2000HV0.05, wearability is 14 times of Q275A, as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 2：The preparation method of wire-drawing die, step is as follows：
1st, a tungsten plate 2 is first prepared, the wherein purity of tungsten should be controlled 99.8%.
The tungsten plate 2 should be first surface-treated, and step is as follows：
First step pickling, 60ml/L phosphoric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, 200ml/L sulfuric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from the Al of 1000 mesh2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the tungsten plate 2
Degree control is in 0.8mm.
2nd, according to wire-drawing die size, wire-drawing die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to wire-drawing die
Work force-bearing situation, its key wear is friction strong between wire-drawing die endoporus and work metal, accordingly in wire drawing
The working surface fixed tungsten plate of mould evaporative pattern 7, then fixes external carbon source in tungsten plate surface, and the carbon source is stone more than three-level
Black paper 1, purity is 99%, and thickness is 0.2mm, it is combined closely with tungsten plate.
3rd, according to wire-drawing die size, sand mold is made；Preferably, sand mold is made with precoated sand.
4th, Q255AF base materials 6 are smelted for molten steel, temperature control is at 1630 DEG C, and selected plain steel is medium carbon steel.
5th, above-mentioned molten steel is poured into and be placed with the sand mold 2 of above-mentioned tungsten plate 2, pouring temperature is controlled at 1630 DEG C, during cast
Between 45 seconds, after hot topping, cooling, it is complex that plain steel bottom is tungsten plate 2 to obtain top.
6th, the obtained wire-drawing die complex of having cast is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, is warming up to
1050 DEG C, programming rate is controlled in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 4h, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains the plain steel
Surface includes the carbide coating of block quasi- monocrystalline mutually densification WC ceramic layers.The protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is
6ml/min。
7th, the Q255AF matrixes with carbide coating of gained, are further heat-treated to obtain more suitably matrix group
Knit, be heat-treated at 650 DEG C, matrix is pearlitic structrure.
The carbide coating, as shown in figure 3, being block quasi- monocrystalline phase including WC dense ceramic layers 3, its particle diameter is 30 μ
m；Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 130 μm；Wherein WC volume fraction is 80%.
Further, as shown in figure 4, including the micron WC potteries under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3
Enamel coating 4, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 150 μm, and wherein WC volume fraction is 75%, and its particle diameter is 15 μm.
Further also include being located under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layers 4
WC and matrix fused layer 5, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 200 μm, and wherein WC volume fraction is 65%, its grain
Footpath is 10 μm.
To sum up, the carbide coating can be composite coating, can be made pottery by the block quasi- monocrystalline WC ceramic layers 3, micron WC
Enamel coating 4 and WC and matrix fused layer 5 are constituted, ecto-entad distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 480 μm.It is described
Q255AF matrix are pearlite.The hardness of carbide coating is 2150HV0.05, wearability is 15 relative to Q255AF matrixes
Times.
Embodiment 3：The preparation method of wire-drawing die, step is as follows：
1st, a tungsten plate 2 is first prepared, the wherein purity of tungsten should be controlled 99.8%, and the tungsten plate 2 first should be subject to surface
Processing, step is as follows：
First step pickling, 120ml/L hydrogen peroxide, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, 240ml/L hydrogen peroxide, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from the Al of 1200 mesh2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the tungsten plate 2
Degree control is in 1mm.
2nd, according to wire-drawing die size, wire-drawing die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to wire-drawing die
Work force-bearing situation, its key wear is friction strong between wire-drawing die endoporus and work metal, accordingly in wire drawing
The working surface fixed tungsten plate of mould evaporative pattern 7, then fixes external carbon source in tungsten plate surface, and the carbon source is stone more than three-level
Black paper, purity is 99%, and thickness is 0.35mm, it is combined closely with tungsten plate.
3rd, according to wire-drawing die size, sand mold is made with self-hardening resin sand.
4th, 45 steel substrates 6 are smelted for molten steel, temperature control is at 1620 DEG C, and selected plain steel is medium carbon steel.
The 5th, above-mentioned molten steel is poured into the sand mold 2 for being placed with above-mentioned tungsten plate 2, pouring temperature is controlled in 1620 DEG C, the duration of pouring
50 seconds, after cooling, it was the complex that the bottom of 45 steel matrix 6 is tungsten plate 2 to obtain top.
6th, the obtained complex of having cast is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, is warming up to 1100 DEG C, liter
Warm speed control is in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 4h, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains the bag on the plain steel surface
Include the carbide coating of block quasi- monocrystalline phase densification WC ceramic layers.The protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7th, the material of 45 steel matrix of gained 6, is further heat-treated to obtain more suitably matrix, at 700 DEG C or so
It is heat-treated, matrix is pearlitic structrure.
The carbide coating, including WC dense ceramic layers 3 are block quasi- monocrystalline phase, and its particle diameter is 35 μm；It is vertical along coating
To section, its thickness is 160 μm, and wherein WC volume fraction is 80%.
Further, including the micron WC ceramic layers 4 under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along applying
Layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 170 μm, and WC volume fraction is 75%, and its particle diameter is 20 μm.
Further also include being located under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layers 4
WC and matrix fused layer 5, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 260 μm, and wherein WC volume fraction is 50%, its grain
Footpath is 16 μm.
To sum up, the carbide coating is composite coating, can be by the block quasi- monocrystalline WC ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramics
4 and WC of layer and the fused layer 5 of matrix are constituted, ecto-entad distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 590 μm, 45 base steel
Body is pearlite.The hardness of carbide coating is 2200HV0.05, wearability is 16 times relative to 45 steel matrix.
Embodiment 4：The preparation method of wire-drawing die, step is as follows：
1st, a tungsten plate 2 is first prepared, the wherein purity of tungsten should be controlled 99.99%, and the tungsten plate first should be subject to surface
Processing, step is as follows：
First step pickling, from 60ml/L phosphoric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, 200ml/L sulfuric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from the Al of 1000 mesh2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the tungsten plate 2
Degree control is in 2mm.
2nd, according to wire-drawing die size, wire-drawing die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to wire-drawing die
Work force-bearing situation, its key wear is friction strong between wire-drawing die endoporus and work metal, accordingly in wire drawing
The working surface fixed tungsten plate of mould evaporative pattern 7, then fixes external carbon source in tungsten plate surface, and the carbon source is stone more than three-level
Black paper, purity is 99%, and thickness is 0.15mm, it is combined closely with tungsten plate.
3rd, according to wire-drawing die size, sand mold is made with tide mould sand.
4th, Q275A base materials 6 are smelted for molten steel, temperature control is at 1630 DEG C, and selected plain steel is medium carbon steel.
5th, above-mentioned molten steel is poured into and be placed with the sand mold 2 of above-mentioned tungsten plate 2, pouring temperature is controlled at 1630 DEG C, during cast
Between 50 seconds, after cooling, it is complex that plain steel bottom is tungsten plate 2 to obtain top.
6th, the obtained complex of having cast is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, is warming up to 1140 DEG C, liter
Warm speed control is in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 8h, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains the bag on the plain steel surface
Include the carbide coating of block quasi- monocrystalline phase densification WC ceramic layers.The protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7th, gained carbon steel material, is further heat-treated to obtain more suitably matrix, heat is carried out at 450 DEG C or so
Processing, matrix is bainite structure.
The carbide coating, WC dense ceramic layers are block quasi- monocrystalline phase, and neat branch is presented along coating longitudinal profile
Crystalline tissue, its particle diameter is 45 μm；Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 180 μm；Wherein WC volume fraction is 85%.
Further, including the micron WC ceramic layers 4 under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along applying
Layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 180 μm, and WC volume fraction is 75%, and its particle diameter is 30 μm.
Further also include being located under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layers 4
WC and matrix fused layer 5, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 300 μm, and wherein WC volume fraction is 40%, its grain
Footpath is 20 μm.
To sum up, the carbide coating is composite coating, is by the block quasi- monocrystalline WC ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramics
4 and WC of layer and the fused layer 5 of matrix are constituted, ecto-entad distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 660 μm.The Q275A steel
Matrix is bainite.The hardness of carbide coating is 2400HV0.05, wearability is 22 times relative to Q275A matrixes.
Embodiment 5：The preparation method of wire-drawing die, step is as follows：
1st, a tungsten plate 2 is first prepared, the wherein purity of tungsten should be controlled 99.7%.The tungsten plate 2 first should be subject to surface
Processing, step is as follows：
First step pickling, from 300ml/L hydrochloric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, 240ml/L hydrogen peroxide, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from the Al of 900 mesh2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the tungsten plate 2
Control is in 3mm.
2nd, according to wire-drawing die size, wire-drawing die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to wire-drawing die
Work force-bearing situation, its key wear is friction strong between wire-drawing die endoporus and work metal, accordingly in wire drawing
The working surface fixed tungsten plate of mould evaporative pattern 7, then fixes external carbon source in tungsten plate surface, and the carbon source is stone more than three-level
Black paper is that purity 99%, thickness is 0.25mm, it is combined closely with tungsten plate.
3rd, according to wire-drawing die size, CO is used2Waterglass hardened sand makes sand mold.
4th, 50 steel substrates 6 are smelted for molten steel, temperature control is at 1620 DEG C.Selected plain steel is medium carbon steel.
5th, above-mentioned molten steel is poured into and be placed with the mould of above-mentioned tungsten plate 2, pouring temperature is controlled in 1620 DEG C, the duration of pouring
40 seconds, after cooling, it was the complex that plain steel bottom is tungsten plate 2 to obtain top.
6th, the obtained complex of having cast is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, is warming up to 1000 DEG C, liter
Warm speed control is in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 8h, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains answering for the 50 steel matrix surface
Close carbide coating.The protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 7ml/min.
7th, the steel as matrix material of gained 50, is further heat-treated to obtain more suitably matrix, is carried out at 400 DEG C
Heat treatment, matrix is bainite structure.
The carbide coating, including WC dense ceramic layers 3 are block quasi- monocrystalline phase, are presented neat along coating longitudinal profile
Dendritic crystalline tissue, its particle diameter be 25 μm；Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 150 μm；Wherein WC volume fraction is
85%.
Further, including the micron WC ceramic layers 4 under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along applying
Layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 160 μm, and WC volume fraction is 75%, and its particle diameter is 15 μm.
Further also include being located under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layers 4
WC and matrix fused layer 5, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 230 μm, and wherein WC volume fraction is 75%, its grain
Footpath is 9 μm.
To sum up, the carbide coating is composite coating, can be by the block quasi- monocrystalline WC ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramics
4 and WC of layer and the fused layer 5 of matrix are constituted, ecto-entad distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 540 μm.50 base steel
Body is austenite.The hardness of carbide coating is 2100HV0.05, wearability is 14 times relative to 50 steel matrix.
Embodiment 6：The preparation method of wire-drawing die, step is as follows：
1st, a tungsten plate 2 is first prepared, the wherein purity of tungsten should be controlled 99.7%, and the tungsten plate 2 first should be subject to surface
Processing, step is as follows：
First step pickling, from 120ml/L hydrogen peroxide, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, 240ml/L hydrogen peroxide, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from the Al of 800 mesh2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the tungsten plate 2
Control is in 2mm.
2nd, according to wire-drawing die size, wire-drawing die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to wire-drawing die
Work force-bearing situation, its key wear is friction strong between wire-drawing die endoporus and work metal, accordingly in wire drawing
The working surface fixed tungsten plate of mould evaporative pattern 7, then fixes external carbon source in tungsten plate surface, and the carbon source is stone more than three-level
Black paper is that purity 99%, thickness is 0.25mm, it is combined closely with tungsten plate.
3rd, according to wire-drawing die size, sand mold is made；Preferably, sand mold is made with precoated sand.
4th, T8 steel substrates 6 are smelted for molten steel, temperature control is at 1620 DEG C, and selected plain steel is high-carbon steel.
5th, above-mentioned molten steel is poured into and be placed with the mould of above-mentioned tungsten plate 2, pouring temperature is controlled in 1620 DEG C, the duration of pouring
After 50 seconds, one minute, after hot topping, cooling, it is the complex that plain steel bottom is tungsten plate 2 to obtain top.
6th, the obtained complex of having cast is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, is warming up to 1050 DEG C, liter
Warm speed control is in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 2h, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains the bag on the plain steel surface
Include the carbide coating of block quasi- monocrystalline phase densification WC ceramic layers.The protection gas is argon gas, and gas flow is 8ml/min.
7th, gained T8 Steel materials, are further heat-treated to obtain more suitably matrix, heat are carried out below 220 DEG C
Processing, matrix is martensitic structure.
The carbide coating, including WC dense ceramic layers 3 are block quasi- monocrystalline phase, and its particle diameter is 20 μm；It is vertical along coating
To section, its thickness is 60 μm, and wherein WC volume fraction is 85%.
Further, including the micron WC ceramic layers 4 under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along applying
Layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 80 μm, and WC volume fraction is 80%, and its particle diameter is 10 μm.
Further also include being located under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layers 4
WC and matrix fused layer 5, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70 μm, and wherein WC volume fraction is 70%, its particle diameter
For 6 μm.
Now, the carbide coating is composite coating, can by block quasi- monocrystalline WC ceramic layers, micron WC ceramic layers 4 and
The fused layer 5 of WC and matrix is constituted, ecto-entad distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 210 μm.The T8 steel matrix is horse
Family name's body.The hardness of carbide coating is 2050HV0.05, wearability is 10 times relative to T8 steel matrix.
Embodiment 7：The preparation method of wire-drawing die, step is as follows：
1st, a tungsten plate 2 is first prepared, the wherein purity of tungsten should be controlled 99.9%, and the tungsten plate 2 first should be subject to surface
Processing, step is as follows：
First step pickling, from 60ml/L phosphoric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from 1000 mesh Al2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the tungsten plate 2
Control is in 1mm.
2nd, according to wire-drawing die size, wire-drawing die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to wire-drawing die
Work force-bearing situation, its key wear is friction strong between wire-drawing die endoporus and work metal, accordingly in wire drawing
The working surface fixed tungsten plate of mould evaporative pattern 7, then fixes external carbon source in tungsten plate surface, and the carbon source is stone more than three-level
Black paper is that purity 99%, thickness is 0.15mm, it is combined closely with tungsten plate.
3rd, according to wire-drawing die size, sand mold is made；Preferably, sand mold is made with self-hardening resin sand.
4th, ZG270-500 base materials 6 are smelted for molten steel, temperature control is at 1630 DEG C, and selected plain steel is medium carbon steel.
5th, above-mentioned molten steel is poured into and be placed with the mould of above-mentioned tungsten plate 2, pouring temperature is controlled in 1630 DEG C, the duration of pouring
45 seconds, after cooling, it was the complex that plain steel bottom is tungsten plate 2 to obtain top.
6th, the obtained complex of having cast is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, is warming up to 1100 DEG C, liter
Warm speed control is in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 2h, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains answering for the plain steel surface
Close carbide coating.The protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 8ml/min.
7th, gained ZG270-500 materials, are further heat-treated to obtain more suitably matrix, at 600 DEG C or so
It is heat-treated, matrix is pearlitic structrure.
The carbide coating, including WC dense ceramic layers are block quasi- monocrystalline phase, and its particle diameter is 30 μm；Along coating longitudinal direction
Section, its thickness is 80 μm；Wherein WC volume fraction is 85%.
Further, including the micron WC ceramic layers 4 under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along applying
Layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 90 μm, and WC volume fraction is 80%, and its particle diameter is 15 μm.
Further also include being located under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layers 4
WC and matrix fused layer 5, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 80 μm, and wherein WC volume fraction is 50%, its particle diameter
For 15 μm.
Now, the carbide coating is composite coating, can be by the block quasi- monocrystalline WC ceramic layers, micron WC ceramic layers
The fused layer 5 of 4 and WC and matrix is constituted, ecto-entad distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 230 μm.The ZG270-500
Plain steel is pearlite.The hardness of carbide coating is 2150HV0.05, wearability is 15 relative to ZG270-500 steel matrix
Times.
Embodiment 8：The preparation method of wire-drawing die, step is as follows：
1st, a tungsten plate 2 is first prepared, the wherein purity of tungsten should be controlled 99.8%.The tungsten plate 2 first should be subject to surface
Processing, step is as follows：
First step pickling, from 120ml/L hydrogen peroxide, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, from 240ml/L hydrogen peroxide, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from 1200 mesh Al2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the tungsten plate 2
Control is in 3mm.
2nd, according to wire-drawing die size, wire-drawing die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to wire-drawing die
Work force-bearing situation, its key wear is friction strong between wire-drawing die endoporus and work metal, accordingly in wire drawing
The working surface fixed tungsten plate of mould evaporative pattern 7, then fixes external carbon source in tungsten plate surface, and the carbon source is stone more than three-level
Black paper is that purity 99%, thickness is 0.3mm, it is combined closely with tungsten plate.
3rd, according to wire-drawing die size, sand mold is made；Preferably, sand mold is made with tide mould sand.
4th, 45 steel substrates 6 are smelted for molten steel, temperature control is at 1620 DEG C, and selected plain steel is medium carbon steel.
5th, above-mentioned molten steel is poured into and be placed with the mould of above-mentioned tungsten plate 2, pouring temperature is controlled in 1620 DEG C, the duration of pouring
45 seconds, after cooling, it was the complex that plain steel bottom is tungsten plate 2 to obtain top.
6th, the obtained complex of having cast is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, is warming up to 1120 DEG C, liter
Warm speed control is in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 8h, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains the bag on the plain steel surface
Include the carbide coating of block quasi- monocrystalline phase densification WC ceramic layers.The protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7th, gained carbon steel material, is further heat-treated to obtain more suitably matrix, heat is carried out at 550 DEG C or so
Processing, matrix is pearlitic structrure.
The carbide coating, including WC dense ceramic layers are block quasi- monocrystalline phase, are presented neat along coating longitudinal profile
Dendritic crystalline tissue, its particle diameter be 40 μm；Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 170 μm；Wherein WC volume fraction is
80%.
Further, including the micron WC ceramic layers 4 under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along applying
Layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 170 μm, and WC volume fraction is 75%, and its particle diameter is 25 μm.
Further also include being located under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layers 4
The fused layer 5 of WC and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 280 μm, and wherein WC volume fraction is 45%, its particle diameter
For 18 μm.
Now, the carbide coating is composite coating, can be by the block quasi- monocrystalline WC ceramic layers, micron WC ceramic layers
The fused layer 5 of 4 and WC and matrix is constituted, ecto-entad distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 630 μm, 45 steel matrix
For pearlite.The hardness of carbide coating is 2300HV0.05, wearability is 18 times relative to 45 steel matrix.
Embodiment 9：The preparation method of wire-drawing die, comprises the following steps：
1st, a tungsten plate 2 is first prepared, the wherein purity of tungsten should be controlled 99.8%.The tungsten plate 2 first should be subject to surface
Processing, step is as follows：
First step pickling, from 60ml/L phosphoric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, from 200ml/L sulfuric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from 1000 mesh Al2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the tungsten plate 2
Control is in 1.5mm.
2nd, according to wire-drawing die size, wire-drawing die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to wire-drawing die
Work force-bearing situation, its key wear is friction strong between wire-drawing die endoporus and work metal, accordingly in wire drawing
The working surface fixed tungsten plate of mould evaporative pattern 7, then fixes external carbon source in tungsten plate surface, and the carbon source is stone more than three-level
Black paper is that purity 99%, thickness is 0.2mm, it is combined closely with tungsten plate.
3rd, according to wire-drawing die size, sand mold is made；Preferably, CO is used2Waterglass hardened sand makes sand mold.
4th, Q275A base materials 6 are smelted for molten steel, temperature control is at 1630 DEG C, and selected plain steel is medium carbon steel.
5th, above-mentioned molten steel is poured into and be placed with the mould of above-mentioned tungsten plate 2, pouring temperature is controlled in 1630 DEG C, the duration of pouring
After 40 seconds, one minute, after hot topping, cooling, it is the complex that plain steel bottom is tungsten plate 2 to obtain top.
6th, the obtained complex of having cast is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, is warming up to 1000 DEG C, liter
Warm speed control is in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 4h, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains the bag on the plain steel surface
Include the carbide coating of block quasi- monocrystalline phase densification WC ceramic layers.The protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7th, gained Q275A matrix materials, are further heat-treated to obtain more suitably matrix, at 450 DEG C or so
It is heat-treated, matrix is bainite structure.
The carbide coating, including WC dense ceramic layers are block quasi- monocrystalline phase, and its particle diameter is 15 μm；Along coating longitudinal direction
Section, its thickness is 70 μm；Wherein WC volume fraction is 85%.
Further, including the micron WC ceramic layers 4 under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along applying
Layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 80 μm, and WC volume fraction is 80%, and its particle diameter is 10 μm.
Further also include being located under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layers 4
The fused layer 5 of WC and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 60 μm, and wherein WC volume fraction is 75%, and its particle diameter is
5μm。
Now, the carbide coating is composite coating, by the block quasi- monocrystalline WC ceramic layers, micron WC ceramic layers 4
And the fused layer 5 of WC and matrix is constituted, ecto-entad distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 210 μm.The Q275A matrixes
For bainite.The hardness of carbide coating is 2050HV0.05, wearability is 12 times relative to Q275A matrixes
Embodiment 10：The preparation method of wire-drawing die, comprises the following steps：
1st, a tungsten plate 2 is first prepared, the wherein purity of tungsten should be controlled 99.9%.The tungsten plate 2 first should be subject to surface
Processing, step is as follows：
First step pickling, from 60ml/L phosphoric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, from 200ml/L sulfuric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from 900 mesh Al2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.
The thickness control of the tungsten plate 2 is in 3mm.
2nd, according to wire-drawing die size, wire-drawing die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to wire-drawing die
Work force-bearing situation, its key wear is friction strong between wire-drawing die endoporus and work metal, accordingly in wire drawing
The working surface fixed tungsten plate of mould evaporative pattern 7, then fixes external carbon source in tungsten plate surface, and the carbon source is stone more than three-level
Black paper is that purity 99%, thickness is 0.1mm, it is combined closely with tungsten plate.
3rd, according to wire-drawing die size, sand mold is made；Preferably, sand mold is made with precoated sand.
4th, 45 steel substrates 6 are smelted for molten steel, temperature control is at 1620 DEG C, and selected plain steel is mild steel.
5th, above-mentioned molten steel is poured into and be placed with the mould of above-mentioned tungsten plate 2, pouring temperature is controlled in 1620 DEG C, the duration of pouring
50 seconds, after cooling, it was the complex that plain steel bottom is tungsten plate 2 to obtain top.
6th, the obtained complex of having cast is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, is warming up to 1050 DEG C, liter
Warm speed control is in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 8h, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains the bag on the plain steel surface
Include the carbide coating of block quasi- monocrystalline phase densification WC ceramic layers.The protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7th, gained carbon steel material, is further heat-treated to obtain more suitably matrix, heat is carried out at 350 DEG C or so
Processing, matrix is bainite structure.
The carbide coating, including WC dense ceramic layers are defined monocrystalline phase, and its particle diameter is 35 μm；Longitudinally cutd open along coating
Face, its thickness is 180 μm；Wherein WC volume fraction is 80%.
Further, including the micron WC ceramic layers 4 under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along applying
Layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 170 μm, and WC volume fraction is 75%, and its particle diameter is 20 μm.
Further also include being located under above-mentioned block quasi- monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layers 4
The fused layer 5 of WC and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 280 μm, and wherein WC volume fraction is 60%, its particle diameter
For 12 μm.Now, the carbide coating is composite coating, can be by the block quasi- monocrystalline WC ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layers
The fused layer 5 of 4 and WC and matrix is constituted, ecto-entad distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 630 μm.The 45 carbon steel base
Body is bainite.The hardness of carbide coating is 2200HV0.05, wearability is 16 times relative to 45 steel matrix.
Comparative example 1, its preparation method is as follows：Obtained with laser cladding directly by tungsten carbide particle cladding on carbon steel surface
To coating, thickness is 30 μm, and volume fraction is 80%, and the hardness of gained coating is 1650HV0.05, wearability is relative to steel matrix
For 2-3 times.Laser Surface Modification Technology production cost is high in comparative example, low production efficiency, and technological parameter is difficult to control, and is used
During will cause stomata and slag inclusion using bonding agent；And do not occur WC dense ceramic layers and micron WC ceramic of compact in composite bed
Layer, composite bed thickness and WC content are smaller, and WC particle diameters are larger；Meanwhile, recombination process is only external stiffened matter chromium carbide particles
Between gap carry out casting and blend additional particle is melted, sintered, non-metallurgical binding between hard chromium carbide particles and matrix is tied
Very weak with joint efforts, particle easily comes off or in the presence of oxidation, Inclusion Problem, therefore, its mechanical property is poor.
Claims (35)
1. a kind of wire-drawing die, has wear-resistant coating on its surface, it is characterised in that：The wear-resistant coating is WC ceramic of compact
Layer, the monocrystalline phase wherein the WC dense ceramic layers are defined, the quasi- monocrystalline mutually refers to, between many crystalline phases and monocrystalline phase, phase
Compared with many crystalline phases, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary is reduced, and the more orderly microscopic structure of atomic arrangement.
2. wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Along WC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profiles, its thickness is 50-
180μm；And/or, wherein WC volume fraction is more than 80%；And/or, its particle diameter is 10-50 μm.
3. wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Along WC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profiles, its described thickness
For 100-180 μm, and/or, wherein the volume fraction of the WC is more than 85%, and/or, its described particle diameter is 20-50 μm.
4. a kind of wire-drawing die, has gradient composite coating on its surface, it is characterised in that：The gradient composite coating is carbonization
Thing coating, including the fused layer of the WC dense ceramic layers of distribution gradient, micron WC ceramic layers, WC and matrix, wherein WC successively
Dense ceramic layers are defined monocrystalline phase, and the quasi- monocrystalline mutually refers to, between many crystalline phases and monocrystalline phase, compared to many crystalline phases, brilliant
Reduced to uniformity height, crystal boundary, and the more orderly microscopic structure of atomic arrangement.
5. wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：Along WC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profiles, its thickness is 50-
180μm；And/or, wherein WC volume fraction is more than 80%；And/or, its particle diameter is 10-50 μm.
6. wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Along WC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profiles, its described thickness
For 100-180 μm；And/or, wherein WC volume fraction is more than 85%；And/or, its described particle diameter is 20-50 μm.
7. the wire-drawing die as described in one of claim 4-6, it is characterised in that：Along micron WC ceramic layer longitudinal profiles, it is thick
Spend for 70-180 μm, and/or, WC volume fraction is more than 75%, and/or, WC particle diameter is 5-30 μm.
8. wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：Along micron WC ceramic layer longitudinal profiles, its described thickness
For 130-180 μm, and/or, the volume fraction of the WC is more than 80%, and/or, the particle diameter is 6-25 μm.
9. such as one of claim 4-6 or the wire-drawing die as described in 8, it is characterised in that：Longitudinally cutd open along the fused layer of WC and matrix
Face, its thickness is 60-300 μm, and/or, wherein WC volume fraction is more than 40%, and/or, WC particle diameter is 1-20 μm.
10. wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：Along WC and the fused layer longitudinal profile of matrix, described in it
Thickness is 100-300 μm, and/or, wherein the volume fraction of the WC is 80%, and/or, the particle diameter of the WC is 5-10 μm.
11. the wire-drawing die as described in claim 4-6,8, one of 10, it is characterised in that：Gradient composite coating gross thickness is
180-660μm。
12. wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that：The gradient composite coating gross thickness is 330-660 μ
m。
13. the wire-drawing die as described in claim 4-6,8,10, one of 12, it is characterised in that：Tissue is different according to heat treatment
For the one or more in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite.
14. wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 13, it is characterised in that：The gradient composite coating is applied in carbon steel surface.
15. a kind of preparation method of the wire-drawing die as described in one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：Wire-drawing die worksheet
Face has wear-resistant coating, comprises the following steps：
1) a tungsten plate is first prepared, wherein the Pureness control of tungsten is in 99.7-99.99%, and the thickness control of the tungsten plate is in 0.2-
3mm；The tungsten plate is first surface-treated；
2) according to wire-drawing die size, wire-drawing die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work of wire-drawing die
Make force-bearing situation, its key wear is friction strong between wire-drawing die endoporus and work metal, accordingly in wire-drawing die
Evaporative pattern working surface fixed tungsten plate, then fixes external carbon source in tungsten plate surface, it is combined closely with tungsten plate；
3) sand mold is made according to wire-drawing die size；
4) it is molten steel to smelt metal base；
5) above-mentioned molten steel is poured into and be placed with the sand mold of wire-drawing die evaporative pattern, tungsten plate and external carbon source, treat that molten steel cooling is solidifying
Gu after, casting is taken out, sand removal processing obtains wire-drawing die matrix for carbon steel, and wire-drawing die working surface is compound with tungsten plate
Body；
6) the obtained wire-drawing die complex of having cast is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, last furnace cooling
To room temperature, so that in wire-drawing die working surface formation wear-resistant coating, and wire-drawing die matrix is still plain steel；
Wherein, wear-resistant coating is WC dense ceramic layers.
16. the preparation method of wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that：In step 2) in, the exterior carbon
Source is graphite paper more than three-level, and purity 99%, thickness is 0.1-0.35mm；And/or, in step 3) in, it is hard with CO2 waterglass
Change sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand and make sand mold；And/or, in step 4) in, temperature control is at 1610 DEG C -1630
℃；And/or, in step 5) in, pouring temperature control is at 1610 DEG C -1630 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is 40-50 seconds.
17. the preparation method of wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 16, it is characterised in that：Step 5) in, after one minute, emitting
Mouth teeming.
18. the preparation method of wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that：Step 5) in, it is passed through into room temperature
Cooling.
19. the preparation method of the wire-drawing die as described in one of claim 15-18, it is characterised in that：WC dense ceramic layers are
Quasi- monocrystalline phase, the quasi- monocrystalline mutually refers to, between many crystalline phases and monocrystalline phase, compared to many crystalline phases, and uniform orientation is high, brilliant
Boundary is reduced, and the more orderly microscopic structure of atomic arrangement.
20. the preparation method of wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 19, it is characterised in that：By rate-determining steps 6) in insulation
Time, holding temperature obtain the WC dense ceramic layers.
21. a kind of preparation method of the wire-drawing die as described in one of claim 4-14, it is characterised in that：The work of its wire-drawing die
There is gradient composite coating as surface, comprise the following steps：
1) a tungsten plate is first prepared, wherein the Pureness control of tungsten is in 99.7-99.99%, and the thickness control of the tungsten plate is in 0.2-
3mm；
2) according to wire-drawing die size, wire-drawing die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work of wire-drawing die
Make force-bearing situation, its key wear is friction strong between wire-drawing die endoporus and work metal, accordingly in wire-drawing die
Evaporative pattern working surface fixed tungsten plate, then fixes external carbon source in tungsten plate surface, it is combined closely with tungsten plate；
3) sand mold is made according to the size of wire-drawing die；
4) it is molten steel to smelt metal base；
5) above-mentioned molten steel is poured into and be placed with the sand mold of wire-drawing die evaporative pattern, tungsten plate and external carbon source, pouring temperature control
At 1610 DEG C -1630 DEG C, 50 seconds durations of pouring, after cooling, it is the complex that plain steel bottom is tungsten plate to obtain top；
6) the obtained wire-drawing die complex of having cast is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, last furnace cooling
To room temperature, obtain the wire-drawing die surface includes the carbide coating of block quasi- monocrystalline phase densification WC ceramic layers；
7) wire-drawing die with gradient composite coating obtained by is further heat-treated to obtain matrix.
22. the preparation method of wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 21, it is characterised in that：Step 1) in, the first quilt of the tungsten plate
It is surface-treated；Step 3) in, use CO2Waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold；Step
It is rapid 4) in, temperature control is at 1610 DEG C -1630 DEG C.
23. the preparation method of wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 22, it is characterised in that：In step 5) in, after one minute,
Hot topping.
24. the preparation method of wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 23, it is characterised in that：In step 5) in, it is passed through into room
Temperature cooling.
25. the preparation method of the wire-drawing die as described in one of claim 21-24, it is characterised in that：By rate-determining steps 6)
Middle soaking time, holding temperature obtain the gradient composite coating i.e. carbide coating, and the carbide coating is included successively in ladder
Spend the fused layer of quasi- monocrystalline phase WC dense ceramic layers, micron WC ceramic layers, WC and the matrix of distribution.
26. the preparation method of wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 25, it is characterised in that：In step 6) in holding temperature, protect
The gross thickness of warm time and the gradient composite coating finally resulted in meets equation below,
L=kTlogt1/2+b0
Wherein：
The gross thickness (μm) of L --- gradient composite coating,
K --- it is constant, value is 0-1, k ≠ 0,
T --- holding temperature (K),
T --- soaking time (s),
b0--- the thickness of the composite bed formed after the cast of original depth (μm), i.e. molten steel between tungsten plate.
27. the preparation method of wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 22, it is characterised in that：The step 1) in, surface treatment
The step of it is as follows：
First step pickling, the phosphoric acid or 120ml/L hydrogen peroxide of hydrochloric acid or 60ml/L from 300ml/L, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, the sulfuric acid or 240ml/L hydrogen peroxide of hydrofluoric acid or 200ml/L from 300ml/L, rear flowing water punching
Wash；
3rd step surface is polished, from 800 mesh or thinner Al2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.
28. the preparation method of the wire-drawing die as described in one of claim 21-24,26-27, it is characterised in that：The step
2) external carbon source in is graphite paper.
29. the preparation method of wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 28, it is characterised in that：The graphite paper be three-level more than,
Purity 99%, thickness is 0.1-0.35mm.
30. the preparation method of the wire-drawing die as described in claim 21-24,26-27, one of 29, it is characterised in that：The step
It is rapid 6) in, be warming up to 1000-1140 DEG C of insulation.
31. the preparation method of wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 30, it is characterised in that：Programming rate is controlled in 7 DEG C/min,
Soaking time is 2-8h.
32. the preparation method of wire-drawing die as claimed in claim 31, it is characterised in that：The soaking time is 4-8h.
33. the preparation method of the wire-drawing die as described in one of claim 21-24,26-27,29,31-32, it is characterised in that：
Selected plain steel is mild steel, medium carbon steel or high-carbon steel.
34. the preparation method of the wire-drawing die as described in one of claim 21-24,26-27,29,31-32, it is characterised in that：
The protective atmosphere is argon gas or nitrogen, and gas flow is 4-8ml/min.
35. preparation method as claimed in claim 34, it is characterised in that：It is heat-treated at 550-800 DEG C, matrix is pearly-lustre
Body tissue；Or be heat-treated at 220-450 DEG C, matrix is bainite structure；Or in 220 DEG C of heat treated below, matrix
For martensitic structure.
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| CN108326061A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-07-27 | 苏州市天星山精密模具有限公司 | The high wire-drawing die of production efficiency |
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