CN104525887B - Grinding roller and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Grinding roller and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104525887B
CN104525887B CN201410657916.4A CN201410657916A CN104525887B CN 104525887 B CN104525887 B CN 104525887B CN 201410657916 A CN201410657916 A CN 201410657916A CN 104525887 B CN104525887 B CN 104525887B
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grinding roller
matrix
ceramic layers
thickness
preparation
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CN104525887A (en
Inventor
许云华
叶芳霞
梁淑华
燕映霖
钟黎声
赵娜娜
任冰
邹军涛
肖鹏
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Xian University of Technology
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Xian University of Technology
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
    • B02C15/004—Shape or construction of rollers or balls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/38—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for roll bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
    • C23C8/44—Carburising
    • C23C8/46—Carburising of ferrous surfaces

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of grinding roller, and its roll body surface has a kind of carbide coating, and roller core is grey cast-iron matrix, and provides a kind of preparation method for being used to obtain above-mentioned grinding roller.The carbide coating, including V2C dense ceramic layers, can also further comprise a micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers and V8C7With the fused layer of matrix.The V2C dense ceramic layers, micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers and V8C7With the fused layer of matrix successively distribution gradient.It is metallurgical binding between carbide coating and matrix, adhesion is very strong, overcomes non-metallurgical binding between existing hard particles and metallic matrix, adhesion is very weak, the anti-wear performance on roll cylinder surface is greatly improved in the problem of particle easily comes off.

Description

Grinding roller and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite grinding roll with wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof, more particularly to one kind is with wear-resisting Composite grinding roll of carbide coating and preparation method thereof, and in particular to a kind of wear resistant carbide applied to grey cast-iron surface is applied Layer composite grinding roll and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In industry fields such as coal, metallurgy, mine, electric power, building materials, refractory material, the energy, grinding roller as modern cement, A kind of wide variety of milling apparatus of the industries such as electric power, coal, chemical industry, early stage, can only due to being limited by antifriction material qualities For grinding soft object, the quality of its running situation determines the economic benefit of enterprise to a certain extent.Especially for firepower It is even more so for the grinding roller and vertical grinder roll system of the medium-speed pulverizer in power plant.The wear-resistant protection side commonly used at present Method mainly uses abrasion resistant casting alloy to prepare grinding roller.
To ensure the service life of grinding roller, its high-abrasive material will have high hardness and enough toughness, material metallographic structure It should be martensite plus alloy carbide.At present, external large-scale grinding roller generally use ni-hard cast iron, hardness in HRC62 or so, but Nickel is rare precious metal, therefore China is generally using the overall high-chromium alloy cast-iron after Overheating Treatment and ZG20SiMn or low conjunctions Golden spoken parts in traditional operas wear resistant cast iron：1. high-carbon, low silicon, the control of low manganese, 2. cooling velocity, it is desirable to which cooling velocity is fast.After Overheating Treatment High-chromium alloy cast-iron, toughness and wearability be higher, and carbide is with M7C3Form occurs, and content is up to more than 10%, microhardness 1300-1800HV0.05Between.
The grinding roller that produces both at home and abroad is mostly that casting technique uses metal type dies, centrifugal casting at present, pouring type by Static vertical type is changed to revolving horizontal, and grinding roller outer layer is Quench low-alloy spoken parts in traditional operas wear resistant cast iron, and internal layer is regular gray iron, and this swashs Cold mould centrifugal casting technique helps the case hardness for improving grinding roller, is conducive to improving the wearability of grinding roller.
The grinding roller of usual scratch system is in the process of running by impact loading, and chrome content is more, and fragility is bigger, Easier cracking, although built-up welding can improve the service life of overall high-chromium alloy cast-iron, surfacing equipment is expensive, built-up welding once, The increase of its life-span is little, for power plant, and grinding roller, which is frequently changed, to be needed to shut down, and causes great economic loss.Therefore It is required that new material has preferable toughness and higher surface abrasion resistance, it is overall high based on the industry of modernization high speed development Chrome alloy cast iron is gradually banned by the development of brand-new material.
But the hardness for only improving grinding roller matrix material is still not sufficient to ensure that its persistence being on active service, therefore in its work It is to solve the economical and effective means of the problem to make position increase coating.
The more coating for carbide material is used at this stage, and it has the characteristics of hardness is high, abrasion resistance properties are superior, Wearability and the life-span of the parts prepared by matrix material can be improved by being covered in alloy base surface with coating way. Wherein VCpIt is a kind of common coating material, it has following advantageous features：
(1) possess that density is low, intensity is high, modulus of elasticity is high, the excellent physical chemistry such as anti-oxidant, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant Energy；
(2) being grown up in sintering process, tendency is small, and particle is typically rounded, is a kind of ideal reinforcing material；
(3) vanadium resource enriches, and is readily available, less expensive, vanadium carbide is obtained generally in metal-base composites Using；
(4) face-centred cubic structure with very high heat endurance and high rigidity, lattice constant and lattice types and Ovshinsky Closely, this is easy to preferably be combined with steel substrate body；
(5)VCpStandard enthalpy of formation △ G0Value is low, and its synthetic reaction is easy to carry out；
(6)VCpThe steel-based composite material of coating is except hardness is high, wearability well in addition to, machinable, forging, welding, Heat treatment reinforcement and deform it is small, and with common steel-smelting cold and hot working performance.Therefore, VCpCoating material is by widely As chipless cold/hot metal machining tool, cutting tool, various moulds, antiwear heat resisting is anti-corrosion part wearing face.
Preparing the method for carbide coating at present has chemical vapour deposition technique, physical vaporous deposition, heat spraying method, heat , there is production equipment and require harshness, low production efficiency, the low deficiency of anchoring strength of coating in plating method etc., but these methods.
Therefore how VC is obtained in grinding roller working surfacepCoating, and select that a kind of production equipment is simple, technological process is short Preparation method, it is urgently to be resolved hurrily to obtain with basal body binding force is good, difficult for drop-off and mechanical property, anti-wear performance are excellent coating The problem of.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and not enough, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of grinding roller, its body of roll Surface has a kind of wear-resistant coating, and roller core is still grey cast-iron matrix, and the wear-resistant coating is V2C dense ceramic layers, its chemistry Stability and wearability are good, with low-friction coefficient, high rigidity, low-surface-energy and low thermal conductiv-ity；And further there is provided A kind of preparation method for being used to obtain above-mentioned composite grinding roll.
Further, the present invention a kind of grinding roller is also provided, its body surface has a kind of gradient composite coating, its preferably by Body of roll matrix surface is coated on, to improve the wearability and fracture toughness on its surface, particularly grey cast-iron surface, and providing A kind of preparation method for being used to obtain above-mentioned coating.
The grinding roller, has wear resistant carbide coating on its roll body surface.Specific barrel diameter can be 500-13000mm, Barrel length can be 1000-4000mm.The favourable surface for ensureing body of roll working position of the selection of the length has very high hardness With good wearability, and body of roll body portion has good toughness.
To realize the object of the invention, present invention employs following technical scheme：
A kind of body surface has the grinding roller of wear-resistant coating, and the wear-resistant coating is V2C dense ceramic layers；Preferably, V2C is caused Close ceramic layer is defined monocrystalline phase, and the quasi- monocrystalline mutually refers to, between many crystalline phases and monocrystalline phase, compared to many crystalline phases, crystal orientation Uniformity is high, crystal boundary is significantly reduced, and the more orderly microscopic structure of atomic arrangement.
It is highly preferred that along V2C dense ceramic layers longitudinal profiles, its thickness is 7-25 μm, preferably 9-25 μm, is more preferably 15-25μm；Preferably, wherein V2C volume fraction is more than 80%, preferably greater than 90%；Preferably, V2C crystallite dimensions are 20- 50 μm, preferably 30-50 μm.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of body surface and has the grinding roller of gradient composite coating, the gradient composite coating For carbide coating, including the V of distribution gradient successively2C dense ceramic layers, micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers, V8C7With matrix Fused layer.
Preferably, V2C dense ceramic layers are defined monocrystalline phase, and the quasi- monocrystalline mutually refers to, between many crystalline phases and monocrystalline phase Between, compared to many crystalline phases, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary is significantly reduced, and the more orderly microscopic structure of atomic arrangement.
It is highly preferred that along V2C dense ceramic layers longitudinal profiles, its thickness is 7-25 μm, preferably 9-25 μm, is more preferably 15-25μm；Preferably, wherein V2C volume fraction is more than 80%, preferably greater than 90%；Preferably, V2C crystallite dimensions are 20- 50 μm, preferably 30-50 μm.
It is further preferred that along micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 15-90 μm, preferably 40-90 μ M, more preferably 70-90 μm；Preferably, V8C7Volume fraction be more than 70%, preferably greater than 75%；Preferably, V8C7Crystal grain Size is 5-15 μm, more preferably preferably 6-15 μm, 8-15 μm.
It is further preferred that along V8C7With the fused layer longitudinal profile of matrix, its thickness is 121 μm -1090 μm, preferably 300-1090μm；Preferably, wherein V8C7Volume fraction be 20%-85%, preferably 50%-85%；Preferably, V8C7's Crystallite dimension is 5-20 μm, preferably 10-20 μm.
Preferably, gradient composite coating gross thickness is 143-1205 μm, preferably at 400-1200 μm.
It is highly preferred that grinding roller matrix can be divided into pearlite, martensite, ferrite, shellfish according to heat treatment mode difference One or more in family name's body, austenite and sorbite；Preferably, the gradient composite coating is applied in grey cast-iron surface.
The present invention provides the preparation method that a kind of body surface has the grinding roller of wear-resistant coating, comprises the following steps：
1) a vanadium plate is first prepared, it is preferred that wherein the purity of vanadium should be controlled in 99.7-99.9%；It is highly preferred that the vanadium The thickness control of plate is in 0.2-3mm；Preferably, the vanadium plate is first surface-treated；
2) according to the work force-bearing situation of grinding roller, the position of its key wear is body surface, solid in pipe die inwall accordingly External carbon source is determined, then by step 1) in vanadium plate be wound according to pipe die inner wall size, it is closely tied with external carbon source Close；Preferably, external carbon source is fixed in the Austenitic stainless steel pipe mould inwall of centrifuge；
3) it is iron liquid to smelt grey cast-iron base material；Preferably, temperature control is at 1350-1450 DEG C；
4) by above-mentioned iron liquid be cast to it is above-mentioned be placed with the pipe die of vanadium plate and external carbon source, after iron liquid cooling after extract, The composite grinding roll of as cast condition is obtained, its body surface is the complex of grey cast-iron and vanadium plate, and roller core is still grey cast-iron matrix； Preferably, above-mentioned iron liquid is cast to above-mentioned be placed with the centrifuge pipe die of vanadium plate and external carbon source by centrifugal casting；More Preferably, cast temperature control is at 1350-1450 DEG C, and casting time is to be advisable for 10-60 seconds；It is further preferred that centrifugal basket Speed is 500-600rpm；Preferably, extracted after after iron liquid cooling 2-3min；
5) the as cast condition composite grinding roll of extraction is transferred in the heat-treatment furnace with protective atmosphere and be incubated, finally with stove Room temperature is cooled to, so that in body surface formation wear-resistant coating, and roller core is still grey cast-iron matrix.
Wherein, wear-resistant coating is V2C dense ceramic layers.
Preferably, by rate-determining steps 5) in soaking time, holding temperature obtain the V2C dense ceramic layers；Preferably, V2C Dense ceramic layers are defined monocrystalline phase, and the quasi- monocrystalline mutually refers to, between many crystalline phases and monocrystalline phase, compared to many crystalline phases, brilliant Significantly reduced to uniformity height, crystal boundary, and the more orderly microscopic structure of atomic arrangement.
The present invention also provides the preparation method that a kind of body surface has the grinding roller of gradient composite coating, including following step Suddenly：
1) a vanadium plate is first prepared, it is preferred that wherein the purity of vanadium should be controlled in 99.7-99.9%；It is highly preferred that the vanadium The thickness control of plate is in 0.2-3mm；Preferably, the vanadium plate is first surface-treated；
2) according to the work force-bearing situation of grinding roller, the position of its key wear is body surface, solid in pipe die inwall accordingly Determine external carbon source, then the vanadium plate in step 1 is wound according to pipe die inner wall size, it is closely tied with external carbon source Close；Preferably, external carbon source is fixed in the Austenitic stainless steel pipe mould inwall of centrifuge；
3) it is iron liquid to smelt grey cast-iron base material；Preferably, temperature control is at 1350-1450 DEG C；
4) by above-mentioned iron liquid be cast to it is above-mentioned be placed with the pipe die of vanadium plate and external carbon source, after iron liquid cooling after extract, The composite grinding roll of as cast condition is obtained, its body surface is the complex of grey cast-iron and vanadium plate, and roller core is still grey cast-iron matrix； Preferably, above-mentioned iron liquid is cast to above-mentioned be placed with the centrifuge pipe die of vanadium plate and external carbon source by centrifugal casting；More Preferably, cast temperature control is at 1350-1450 DEG C, and casting time is to be advisable for 10-60 seconds；It is further preferred that centrifugal basket Speed is 500-600rpm；Preferably, extracted after after iron liquid cooling 2-3min；
5) the as cast condition composite grinding roll of extraction is transferred in the heat-treatment furnace with protective atmosphere and be incubated, finally with stove Room temperature is cooled to, so that in body surface formation gradient composite coating, and roller core is still grey cast-iron matrix；
6) there is the grinding roller of gradient composite coating to be further heat-treated to obtain more suitably base for the body surface obtained by Body tissue.
Preferably, vanadium plate thickness is 0.2-3mm；If less than 0.2mm, vanadium plate is just complete in cast recombination process Reaction, it is impossible to obtain V2C is organized, and directly generates Dispersed precipitate V8C7；Then diffusion length is caused to increase more than 3mm, reaction power is not Foot.
Preferably, by strict rate-determining steps 5) in holding temperature and the relation of time, obtain the quasi- monocrystalline phase V2C is caused Close ceramic layer.The ceramic layer shows shows as crystal boundary reduction under more obvious quasi- single crystal organization, light microscope, and influence is disconnected The dislocation for splitting toughness is also accordingly reduced, and instead of sub boundary increases, and effectively improves the anti-crack ability of the ceramic layer.
Preferably, by rate-determining steps 5) in soaking time, holding temperature obtain the gradient composite coating i.e. carbide and apply Layer, the carbide coating includes the quasi- monocrystalline phase V of distribution gradient successively2C dense ceramic layers, micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers, V8C7With the fused layer of matrix.
It is highly preferred that above-mentioned steps 5) in holding temperature, soaking time and the gradient composite coating that finally results in Gross thickness meet equation below,
L=kTlogt1/2+b0
Wherein：
The gross thickness (μm) of L --- gradient composite coating,
K --- it is constant, value is 0-1, k ≠ 0,
T --- holding temperature (K),
T --- soaking time (s),
b0--- the thickness of the composite bed formed after original depth (μm), i.e. iron liquid casting between vanadium plate.
To sum up, the gradient composite coating, including V2C dense ceramic layers, hardness is high.The V2C dense ceramic layers are defined list Crystalline phase, the quasi- monocrystalline mutually refers to that arrangement monocrystalline unlike of atom has identical lattice like that, but still has strictly Sequentially, geometry arrangement is showed；Uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary is significantly reduced, and atomic arrangement is more orderly.Quasi- monocrystalline is mutually situated between Between many crystalline phases and monocrystalline phase, compared to many crystalline phases, the crystal boundary of quasi- monocrystalline phase is significantly reduced, and dislocation density is low, there is more Asia Crystal boundary, therefore hardness is obviously improved；And than monocrystalline phase, it requires lower to preparation method, and organize more stable.
Preferably, in step 1) in, it is as follows the step of surface treatment：
First step pickling, the phosphoric acid or 120ml/L hydrogen peroxide of hydrochloric acid or 60ml/L from 300ml/L, rear flowing water punching Wash；
Second step pickling, the sulfuric acid or 240ml/L hydrogen peroxide of hydrofluoric acid or 200ml/L from 300ml/L, rear flowing water Rinse；
3rd step surface is polished, from the Al of 800-1200 mesh2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.
It is highly preferred that step 2) in external carbon source be graphite paper or graphite powder；Preferably, the graphite paper be three-level with On, purity is 85-99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm；Preferably, the graphite powder selects granularity in 600-1000 mesh, purity For 85-99%.
It is worth noting that, when pipe die inwall fixes graphite paper, pipe die is without preheating；And when pipe die inwall anchor stone During ink powder, need to use spraying process, i.e., with compressed air or other power will suspend graphite powder is driven to nozzle, with vaporific shape Formula is sprayed on the rotation pipe die inwall for being preheated to l50~250 DEG C, dries graphite bisque using pipe die heat, can obtain thickness equal Even graphite bisque.
Preferably, step 5) in, 1000-1160 DEG C is warming up to, programming rate is controlled in 5-7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 6-12h, preferably 8-10h.
Preferably, protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen, and gas flow is 5-8ml/min.
Wherein, holding temperature should be strict controlled in above range, and temperature is higher than 1160 DEG C, the liquid phase mistake in course of reaction It is many, and cause V2C is transformed into V8C7, and quasi- monocrystalline phase V can not be obtained2C；But temperature is less than 1000 DEG C, then V solubility Too low, reaction positive can not be carried out.Likewise, soaking time should also keep a rational interval, the time is several more than 12h All V2C can be changed into V8C7, and less than 6h, then react the V of acquisition2Very little, coating layer thickness is difficult to ensure that C, and optimal should This is maintained at 8-10h.
It is highly preferred that the grinding roller complex with carbide coating is further heat-treated to obtain more suitably matrix group Knit, heat treatment step is：It is heat-treated at 550-800 DEG C or so, matrix is pearlitic structrure；Or, enter at 220-450 DEG C Row heat treatment, matrix is bainite structure；Or, in 220 DEG C of heat treated below, matrix is martensitic structure.
The grinding roller using grey cast-iron as matrix, selected grey cast-iron matrix be HT100, HT150, HT200, HT250, HT300 or HT350, phosphorus content is 2.7-3.6%, referring to national standard GB9439-88.Matrix is according to the difference of heat treatment mode For the one or more in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite.
The present invention is obtained after the grinding roller complex of grey cast-iron matrix+vanadium by casting especially centrifugal casting, introduces outer Portion's carbon source, can be directly in the body surface formation carbide coating of grinding roller, carbide coating and roller core in the way of heating diffusion It is metallurgical binding between matrix, adhesion is very strong, overcomes non-metallurgical binding, adhesion between existing hard particles and metallic matrix Very weak, the mechanical property of coating is greatly improved in the problem of particle easily comes off.And this method is simple to operate, without multiple Miscellaneous equipment, the grinding roller of acquisition is functional.Different heat treatment modes, makes grinding roller have different mechanical properties, meets reality The requirement of border production.Due to the formation of the quasi- single-crystal ceramic layer of surface compact, the ceramic layer shows more obvious quasi- monocrystalline group Knit, crystal boundary reduction is shown as under light microscope, the dislocation of influence fracture toughness is also accordingly reduced, and instead of sub boundary increases, and has Effect improves the anti-crack ability of the ceramic layer.Therefore body surface has higher hardness HRC60-72, and relative wear resistance is matrix 10-20 times.The definition of the relative wear resistance is：Using matrix material as standard specimen, in identical abrasive grain, identical load Lotus, disk is rotated after same number of turns with same rotational speed, is tested coating and is produced the ratio that wear extent produces wear extent with standard specimen The referred to as relative wear resistance of coating, therefore the relative wear resistance of also referred to as coating is several times of matrix, following identical parameters Examination criteria is same.
This is due to V therein2C dense ceramic layers are defined single crystal organization, and chemical stability and wearability are good, are rubbed with low Wipe coefficient, high rigidity, low-surface-energy and low thermal conductiv-ity.And micron V on the other side8C7The hardness of ceramic layer can only achieve HRC40-62, its relative wear resistance is 6-10 times of matrix.
Brief description of the drawings
Outer carbon source (graphite paper or graphite powder) and cloth of the vanadium plate in austenitic stainless steel taper pipe die before Fig. 1 spun castings Put figure；
The partial enlarged drawing of composite grinding roll and sample interception after Fig. 2 heat treatments.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：The preparation method of grinding roller, comprises the following steps：
1st, a vanadium plate 1 is first prepared, the wherein purity of vanadium should be controlled 99.7%.The vanadium plate 1 first should be subject to surface Processing, step is as follows：
First step pickling, from 300ml/L hydrochloric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, from 300ml/L hydrofluoric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from the Al of 800 mesh2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the vanadium plate 1 Control is in 0.2mm.
2nd, according to the work force-bearing situation of grinding roller, the position of its key wear is roll body surface, solid in the inwall of pipe die 2 accordingly Determine external carbon source 3, external carbon source 3 is graphite paper, and the graphite paper is that more than three-level purity 85%, thickness is 0.1mm, then Vanadium plate 1 in step 1 is wound according to the inner wall size of pipe die 2, it is combined closely (Fig. 1) with graphite paper.
3rd, it is iron liquid to smelt grey cast-iron base material, and temperature control is at 1350 DEG C, and selected grey cast-iron matrix is HT100, Phosphorus content is 2.7%.
4th, by above-mentioned iron liquid pour into it is above-mentioned be placed with the pipe die 2 of vanadium plate 1 and graphite paper, pouring temperature control 1350 DEG C, the duration of pouring, according to centrifugal casting, centrifuge speed was 500rpm to be advisable within 10 seconds, was pulled out after after molten metal cooling 2min Go out, obtain the composite grinding roll of as cast condition, its body surface is the complex of grey cast-iron and vanadium plate 1, and roller core 4 is HT100 matrixes.
5th, the as cast condition composite grinding roll of extraction is transferred in the heat-treatment furnace with protective atmosphere quickly and be heat-treated, heat Handling process parameter is is warming up to 1000 DEG C, and programming rate is controlled in 5 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 6h, is finally cooled to the furnace Room temperature, so that in body surface formation gradient composite coating, and roller core 4 is still HT100 matrixes (Fig. 2).The protection gas is argon Gas, gas flow is 5ml/min.
6th, the body surface of gained has the grinding roller of gradient composite coating, is further heat-treated to obtain more suitably base Body tissue, heat treatment step is：It is heat-treated at 700 DEG C or so, matrix is pearlitic structrure.
Gained gradient composite coating includes V2C dense ceramic layers 5, be defined monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 20 μm；Along coating Longitudinal profile, its thickness is 7 μm, wherein V2C volume fraction is 90%.
Further, in addition to positioned at above-mentioned quasi- monocrystalline V2Micron V under C dense ceramic layers 58C7Dense ceramic layers 6, Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 15 μm, V8C7Volume fraction be 75%, its crystallite dimension be 5 μm.
Further, in addition to positioned at above-mentioned quasi- monocrystalline V2C dense ceramic layers 5 and micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers 6 it Under V8C7With the fused layer 7 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 121 μm, wherein V8C7Volume fraction be 20%, Its crystallite dimension is 5 μm.Now, the carbide coating is composite coating, by the V2C dense ceramic layers 5, micron V8C7Cause Close ceramic layer 6 and V8C7Constituted with the fused layer 7 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 143 μm.The grinding roller base Body is pearlite.Body surface carbide coating has higher hardness HRC60, and relative wear resistance is 10 times of matrix.
Embodiment 2：The preparation method of grinding roller, comprises the following steps：
1st, a vanadium plate 1 is first prepared, the wherein purity of vanadium should be controlled 99.8%.The vanadium plate 1 first should be subject to surface Processing, step is as follows：
First step pickling, 60ml/L phosphoric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, 200ml/L sulfuric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from the Al of 1000 mesh2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the vanadium plate 1 Degree control is in 1mm.
2nd, according to the work force-bearing situation of grinding roller, the position of its key wear is roll body surface, accordingly in Austria of centrifuge The inwall of family name's body non-corrodible steel conical pipe mould 2 fix external carbon source 3, external carbon source 3 be graphite paper, the graphite paper be three-level more than, Purity 99%, thickness is 0.2mm, and then the vanadium plate 1 in step 1 is wound according to the inner wall size of pipe die 2, makes itself and graphite Paper is combined closely (Fig. 1).
3rd, it is iron liquid to smelt grey cast-iron base material, and temperature control is at 1370 DEG C, and selected grey cast-iron matrix is HT150, Phosphorus content is 3.0%.
4th, by above-mentioned iron liquid by centrifugal casting pour into it is above-mentioned be placed with the centrifuge pipe die 2 of vanadium plate 1 and graphite paper, pour Temperature control is noted at 1370 DEG C, the duration of pouring, centrifuge speed was 500-600rpm to be advisable within 20 seconds, treated that molten metal cools down 2- Extracted after 3min, obtain the composite grinding roll of as cast condition, its roller core 4 is grey cast-iron matrix, and roll body surface is grey cast-iron and vanadium The complex of plate 1.
5th, the as cast condition composite grinding roll of extraction is transferred in the heat-treatment furnace with protective atmosphere quickly and be heat-treated, heat Handling process parameter is is warming up to 1050 DEG C, and programming rate is controlled in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 7h, is finally cooled to the furnace Room temperature, so that in body surface formation gradient composite coating, and roller core 4 is still HT150 matrixes (Fig. 2).The protection gas is argon Gas, gas flow is 6ml/min.
6th, the body surface of gained has the grinding roller of gradient composite coating, is further heat-treated to obtain more suitably base Body tissue, heat treatment step is：It is heat-treated at 500 DEG C, matrix is bainite structure.
The gradient composite coating includes V2C dense ceramic layers 5, be defined monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 22 μm；Along coating Longitudinal profile, its thickness is 10 μm；Wherein V2C volume fraction is 80%.
Further, in addition to positioned at above-mentioned quasi- monocrystalline V2Micron V under C dense ceramic layers 58C7Dense ceramic layers 6, Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 50 μm, V8C7Volume fraction be 78%, its crystallite dimension be 7 μm.
Further, in addition to positioned at above-mentioned quasi- monocrystalline V2C dense ceramic layers 5 and micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers 6 it Under V8C7With the fused layer 7 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 415 μm, wherein V8C7Volume fraction be 60%, Its crystallite dimension is 15 μm.Now, the carbide coating is composite coating, by the quasi- monocrystalline V2It is C dense ceramic layers 5, micro- Rice V8C7Dense ceramic layers 6 and V8C7Constituted with the fused layer 7 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 475 μm.Institute Grinding roller matrix is stated for bainite.Body surface has higher hardness HRC64, and relative wear resistance is 12 times of matrix.
Embodiment 3：The preparation method of grinding roller, comprises the following steps：
1st, a vanadium plate 1 is first prepared, the wherein purity of vanadium should be controlled 99.8%.The vanadium plate 1 first should be subject to surface Processing, step is as follows：
First step pickling, 120ml/L hydrogen peroxide, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, 240ml/L hydrogen peroxide, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from the Al of 1000 mesh2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the vanadium plate 1 Degree control is in 0.35mm.
2nd, according to the work force-bearing situation of grinding roller, the position of its key wear is roll body surface, accordingly in Austria of centrifuge The inwall of family name's body non-corrodible steel conical pipe mould 2 fix external carbon source 3, external carbon source 3 be graphite paper, the graphite paper be three-level more than, Purity 95%, thickness is 0.35mm, and then the vanadium plate 1 in step 1 is wound according to the inner wall size of pipe die 2, makes itself and stone Black paper is combined closely (Fig. 1).
3rd, it is iron liquid to smelt grey cast-iron base material, and temperature control is at 1390 DEG C, and selected grey cast-iron matrix is HT200, Phosphorus content is 3.6%.
4th, by above-mentioned iron liquid by centrifugal casting pour into it is above-mentioned be placed with the centrifuge pipe die 2 of vanadium plate 1 and graphite paper, pour Temperature control is noted at 1390 DEG C, the duration of pouring, centrifuge speed was 550rpm to be advisable within 30 seconds, pulled out after after molten metal cooling 3min Go out, obtain the composite grinding roll of as cast condition, its roller core 4 is grey cast-iron matrix, and roll body surface is the compound of grey cast-iron and vanadium plate 1 Body.
5th, the as cast condition composite grinding roll of extraction is transferred in the heat-treatment furnace with protective atmosphere quickly and be heat-treated, heat Handling process parameter is is warming up to 1080 DEG C, and programming rate is controlled in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 9h, is finally cooled to the furnace Room temperature, so that in body surface formation gradient composite coating, and roller core 4 is still HT200 matrixes (Fig. 2).The protection gas is nitrogen Gas, gas flow is 8ml/min.
6th, the body surface of gained has the grinding roller of gradient composite coating, is further heat-treated to obtain more suitably base Body tissue, heat treatment step is：It is heat-treated at 220 DEG C, matrix is martensitic structure.
The gradient composite coating includes V2C dense ceramic layers 5, be defined monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 25 μm；Along coating Longitudinal profile, its thickness is 12 μm；Wherein V2C volume fraction is 95%.
Further, including positioned at above-mentioned quasi- monocrystalline V2Micron V under C dense ceramic layers 58C7Dense ceramic layers 6, edge Coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 55 μm, V8C7Volume fraction be 80%, its crystallite dimension be 10 μm.
Further, it can also include being located at above-mentioned quasi- monocrystalline V2C dense ceramic layers 5 and micron V8C7Ceramic of compact V under layer 68C7With the fused layer 7 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 652 μm, wherein V8C7Volume fraction be 75%, its crystallite dimension is 15 μm.Now, the carbide coating is composite coating, by the quasi- monocrystalline V2C dense ceramic layers 5th, micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers 6 and V8C7Constituted with the fused layer 7 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 719 μ m.The grinding roller matrix is martensite.Body surface has higher hardness HRC71, and relative wear resistance is 18 times of matrix.
Embodiment 4：The preparation method of grinding roller, comprises the following steps：
1st, a vanadium plate 1 is first prepared, the wherein purity of vanadium should be controlled 99.9%.The vanadium plate 1 first should be subject to surface Processing, step is as follows：
First step pickling, from 60ml/L phosphoric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, 200ml/L sulfuric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from the Al of 1200 mesh2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the vanadium plate 1 Degree control is in 3mm.
2nd, according to the work force-bearing situation of grinding roller, the position of its key wear is body surface, accordingly first using spraying Graphite powder is sprayed on by method is preheated to l50 DEG C of the inwall of rotation austenitic stainless steel taper pipe die 2, is done using the heat of pipe die 2 Dry graphite bisque, can obtain graphite bisque in uniform thickness.The graphite powder selects granularity in 600 mesh, and purity is 85%.Then Vanadium plate 1 in step 1 is wound according to the inner wall size of pipe die 2, it is combined closely (Fig. 1) with graphite bisque.
3rd, it is iron liquid to smelt grey cast-iron base material, and temperature control is at 1410 DEG C, and selected grey cast-iron matrix is HT250, Phosphorus content is 2.7%.
4th, above-mentioned iron liquid is cast to the above-mentioned centrifuge pipe die 2 for being placed with vanadium plate 1 and graphite bisque by centrifugal casting Interior, pipe die 2 is without preheating, and cast temperature control is at 1410 DEG C, and casting time is is advisable for 40 seconds, and centrifuge speed is 550rpm, extracts after after molten metal cooling 3min, obtains the composite grinding roll of as cast condition, its roller core 4 is grey cast-iron matrix, and roll body Surface is the complex of grey cast-iron and vanadium plate 1.
5th, the as cast condition composite grinding roll of extraction is transferred in the heat-treatment furnace with protective atmosphere quickly and be heat-treated, heat Handling process parameter is is warming up to 1160 DEG C, and programming rate is controlled in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 12h, is finally cooled to the furnace Room temperature, so that in body surface formation gradient composite coating, and roller core 4 is still HT250 matrixes (Fig. 2).The protection gas is nitrogen Gas, gas flow is 5ml/min.
6th, the body surface of gained has the grinding roller of gradient composite coating, is further heat-treated to obtain more suitably base Body tissue, heat treatment step is：It is heat-treated at 220 DEG C, matrix is martensitic structure.
The gradient composite coating includes V2C dense ceramic layers 5, be defined monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 50 μm, along coating Longitudinal profile, its thickness is 25 μm, wherein V2C volume fraction is 95%.
Further, in addition to positioned at above-mentioned quasi- monocrystalline V2Micron V under C dense ceramic layers 58C7Dense ceramic layers 6, Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 90 μm, V8C7Volume fraction be 80%, its crystallite dimension be 15 μm.
Further, in addition to positioned at above-mentioned quasi- monocrystalline V2C dense ceramic layers 5 and micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers 6 it Under V8C7With the fused layer 7 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 1090 μm, wherein V8C7Volume fraction be 55%, its crystallite dimension is 20 μm.Now, the carbide coating is composite coating, by the quasi- monocrystalline V2C dense ceramic layers 5th, micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers 6 and V8C7Constituted with the fused layer 7 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 1205 μm.The grinding roller matrix is martensite.Body surface has higher hardness HRC72, and relative wear resistance is 20 times of matrix.
Embodiment 5：The preparation method of grinding roller, comprises the following steps：
1st, a vanadium plate 1 is first prepared, the wherein purity of vanadium should be controlled 99.7%.The vanadium plate 1 first should be subject to surface Processing, step is as follows：
First step pickling, from 300ml/L hydrochloric acid, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, 240ml/L hydrogen peroxide, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from the Al of 800 mesh2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the vanadium plate 1 Control is in 0.2mm.
2nd, according to the work force-bearing situation of grinding roller, the position of its key wear is body surface, accordingly first using spraying Graphite powder is sprayed on by method is preheated to 200 DEG C of the inwall of rotation austenitic stainless steel taper pipe die 2, is done using the heat of pipe die 2 Dry graphite bisque, can obtain graphite bisque in uniform thickness.The graphite powder selects granularity in 800 mesh, and purity is 89%.Then Vanadium plate 1 in step 1 is wound according to the inner wall size of pipe die 2, it is combined closely (Fig. 1) with graphite bisque.
3rd, it is iron liquid to smelt grey cast-iron base material, and temperature control is at 1430 DEG C, and selected grey cast-iron matrix is HT300, Phosphorus content is 3.0%.
4th, above-mentioned iron liquid is cast to the above-mentioned centrifuge pipe die 2 for being placed with vanadium plate 1 and graphite bisque by centrifugal casting Interior, pipe die 2 is without preheating, and cast temperature control is at 1430 DEG C, and casting time is is advisable for 50 seconds, and centrifuge speed is 500rpm, extracts after after molten metal cooling 2min, obtains the composite grinding roll of as cast condition, its roller core 4 is grey cast-iron matrix, and roll body Surface is the complex of grey cast-iron and vanadium plate 1.
5th, the as cast condition composite grinding roll of extraction is transferred in the heat-treatment furnace with protective atmosphere quickly and be heat-treated, heat Handling process parameter is is warming up to 1150 DEG C, and programming rate is controlled in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 8h, is finally cooled to the furnace Room temperature, so that in body surface formation gradient composite coating, and roller core 4 is still HT300 matrixes (Fig. 2).The protection gas is nitrogen Gas, gas flow is 7ml/min.
6th, the body surface of gained has the grinding roller of gradient composite coating, is further heat-treated to obtain more suitably base Body tissue, heat treatment step is：It is heat-treated at 750 DEG C or so, matrix is pearlitic structrure.
The gradient composite coating includes V2C dense ceramic layers 5, be defined monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 42 μm；Along coating Longitudinal profile, its thickness is 20 μm；Wherein V2C volume fraction is 80%.
Further, in addition to positioned at above-mentioned quasi- monocrystalline V2Micron V under C dense ceramic layers 58C7Fine and close close ceramic layer 6, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 75 μm, V8C7Volume fraction be 78%, its crystallite dimension be 14 μm.
Further, in addition to positioned at above-mentioned quasi- monocrystalline V2C dense ceramic layers 5 and micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers 6 it Under V8C7With the fused layer 7 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 1002 μm, wherein V8C7Volume fraction be 60%, its crystallite dimension is 15 μm.Now, the carbide coating is composite coating, by the quasi- monocrystalline V2C dense ceramic layers 5th, micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers 6 and V8C7Constituted with the fused layer 7 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 1097 μm.The grinding roller matrix is pearlite.Body surface has higher hardness HRC66, and relative wear resistance is 14 times of matrix.
Embodiment 6：The preparation method of grinding roller, comprises the following steps：
1st, a vanadium plate is first prepared, the wherein purity of vanadium should control, 99.9%, if purity does not reach above-mentioned requirements, for example, to adopt It will be then difficult to obtain quasi- single crystal organization with vanadium-containing alloy plate.The vanadium plate should be first surface-treated, and step is as follows：
First step pickling, from 120ml/L hydrogen peroxide, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, 240ml/L hydrogen peroxide, rear flowing water is rinsed；
3rd step surface is polished, from the Al of 1200 mesh2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.The thickness of the vanadium plate Control is in 1.5mm.
2nd, according to the work force-bearing situation of grinding roller, the position of its key wear is body surface, accordingly first using spraying Graphite powder is sprayed on by method is preheated to 250 DEG C of the inwall of rotation austenitic stainless steel taper pipe die 2, is done using the heat of pipe die 2 Dry graphite bisque, can obtain graphite bisque in uniform thickness.The graphite powder selects granularity in 1000 mesh, and purity is 99%.So The vanadium plate 1 in step 1 is wound according to the inner wall size of pipe die 2 afterwards, it is combined closely (Fig. 1) with graphite bisque.
3rd, it is iron liquid to smelt grey cast-iron base material, and temperature control is at 1450 DEG C, and selected grey cast-iron matrix is HT350, Phosphorus content is 3.0%.
4th, above-mentioned iron liquid is cast to the above-mentioned centrifuge pipe die 2 for being placed with vanadium plate 1 and graphite bisque by centrifugal casting Interior, pipe die 2 is without preheating, and cast temperature control is at 1450 DEG C, and casting time is is advisable for 60 seconds, and centrifuge speed is 600rpm, extracts after after molten metal cooling 3min, obtains the composite grinding roll of as cast condition, its roller core 4 is grey cast-iron matrix, and roll body Surface is the complex of grey cast-iron and vanadium plate 1.
5th, the as cast condition composite grinding roll of extraction is transferred in the heat-treatment furnace with protective atmosphere quickly and be heat-treated, heat Handling process parameter is is warming up to 1100 DEG C, and programming rate is controlled in 7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 10h, is finally cooled to the furnace Room temperature, so that in body surface formation gradient composite coating, and roller core 4 is still HT350 matrixes (Fig. 2).The protection gas is nitrogen Gas, gas flow is 8ml/min.
6th, the body surface of gained has the grinding roller of gradient composite coating, is further heat-treated to obtain more suitably base Body tissue, heat treatment step is：It is heat-treated at 450 DEG C or so, matrix is bainite structure.
The gradient composite coating includes V2C dense ceramic layers 5, be defined monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 36 μm；Along coating Longitudinal profile, its thickness is 18 μm；Wherein V2C volume fraction is 95%.
Further, in addition to positioned at above-mentioned quasi- monocrystalline V2Micron V under C dense ceramic layers 58C7Dense ceramic layers 6, Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70 μm, V8C7Volume fraction be 90%, its crystallite dimension be 12 μm.
Further, in addition to positioned at above-mentioned quasi- monocrystalline V2C dense ceramic layers 5 and micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers 6 it Under V8C7With the fused layer 7 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 970 μm, wherein V8C7Volume fraction be 85%, Its crystallite dimension is 15 μm.Now, the carbide coating is composite coating, by the quasi- monocrystalline V2It is C dense ceramic layers 5, micro- Rice V8C7Dense ceramic layers 6 and V8C7Constituted with the fused layer 7 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 1058 μm. The grinding roller matrix is bainite.Body surface has higher hardness HRC69, and relative wear resistance is 16 times of matrix.
Comparative example 1, its preparation method is as follows：With laser cladding directly by V8C7Work of the vanadium carbide particle cladding in grinding roller Make face, obtain coating, thickness is 30 μm, and volume fraction is 80%, the average microhardness of gained coating is HRC45, relatively resistance to Mill property is 3.62 times of matrix.
Laser Surface Modification Technology production cost is high in comparative example, low production efficiency, and technological parameter is difficult to control, and is used During will cause stomata and slag inclusion using bonding agent；And do not occur quasi- monocrystalline V in fused layer2C dense ceramic layers and micron V8C7 Dense ceramic layers, fused layer thickness and V8C7Content is smaller, V8C7Crystallite dimension is larger；Meanwhile, recombination process is only to additional The intergranular gap progress casting of hard vanadium carbide, which is blended, to be melted to additional particle, is sintered, hard vanadium carbide particle and metal Non- metallurgical binding between matrix, adhesion is very weak, particle easily come off or in the presence of oxidation, Inclusion Problem, therefore, its mechanical property compared with Difference.
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still may be used To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic. Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the present invention's Within protection domain.

Claims (34)

1. a kind of grinding roller, has wear-resistant coating in its body surface, it is characterised in that：The wear-resistant coating is V2C ceramic of compact Layer, wherein, the V2C dense ceramic layers are defined monocrystalline phase, and the quasi- monocrystalline mutually refers to, between many crystalline phases and monocrystalline phase, Compared to many crystalline phases, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary is reduced, and the more orderly microscopic structure of atomic arrangement, along V2C densification potteries Enamel coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 7-25 μm；Wherein V2C volume fraction is more than 80%, V2C crystallite dimensions are 20-50 μm.
2. grinding roller as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The thickness is 9-25 μm, the V2C volume fraction is more than 90%, the V2C crystallite dimensions are 30-50 μm.
3. grinding roller as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The thickness is 15-25 μm.
4. a kind of grinding roller, has gradient composite coating in its body surface, it is characterised in that：The gradient composite coating is carbonization Thing coating, including the V of distribution gradient successively2C dense ceramic layers, micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers, V8C7With the fused layer of matrix, Wherein, the V2C dense ceramic layers are defined monocrystalline phase, and the quasi- monocrystalline mutually refers to, between many crystalline phases and monocrystalline phase, compares In many crystalline phases, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary is reduced, and the more orderly microscopic structure of atomic arrangement.
5. grinding roller as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：Along V2C dense ceramic layers longitudinal profiles, its thickness is 7-25 μm； Wherein V2C volume fraction is more than 80%, V2C crystallite dimensions are 20-50 μm.
6. grinding roller as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：The thickness is 9-25 μm, the V2C volume fraction is more than 90%, the V2C crystallite dimensions are 30-50 μm.
7. grinding roller as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：The thickness is 15-25 μm.
8. the grinding roller as described in one of claim 4-7, it is characterised in that：Along micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, it is thick Spend for 15-90 μm；V8C7Volume fraction be more than 70%, V8C7Crystallite dimension be 5-15 μm.
9. grinding roller as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：Along micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 40-90μm；The V8C7Volume fraction be more than 75%；The V8C7Crystallite dimension be 6-15 μm.
10. grinding roller as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：Along micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70-90μm；The V8C7Crystallite dimension be 8-15 μm.
11. the grinding roller as described in one of claim 4-7,9-10, it is characterised in that：Along V8C7Longitudinally cutd open with the fused layer of matrix Face, its thickness is 121 μm -1090 μm；Wherein V8C7Volume fraction be 20%-85%；V8C7Crystallite dimension be 5-20 μm.
12. grinding roller as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that：Along V8C7With the fused layer longitudinal profile of matrix, its thickness is 300-1090μm；The V8C7Volume fraction be 50%-85%；The V8C7Crystallite dimension be 10-20 μm.
13. the grinding roller as described in one of claim 4-7,9-10,12, it is characterised in that：Gradient composite coating gross thickness is 143-1205μm。
14. grinding roller as claimed in claim 13, it is characterised in that：The gradient composite coating gross thickness is 400-1200 μm.
15. such as claim 4-7,9-10,12, the grinding roller described in one of 14, it is characterised in that：Matrix according to heat treatment not It is all the one or more in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite.
16. grinding roller as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that：The gradient composite coating is applied in grey cast-iron surface.
17. a kind of preparation method of the grinding roller as described in one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that body surface has wear-resisting painting Layer, comprises the following steps：
1) a vanadium plate is first prepared；
2) according to the work force-bearing situation of grinding roller, the position of its key wear is body surface, fixes outer in pipe die inwall accordingly Portion's carbon source, then by step 1) in vanadium plate be wound according to pipe die inner wall size, it is combined closely with external carbon source；
3) it is iron liquid to smelt grey cast-iron base material；
4) by above-mentioned iron liquid be cast to it is above-mentioned be placed with the pipe die of vanadium plate and external carbon source, after iron liquid cooling after extract, obtain The composite grinding roll of as cast condition, its body surface is the complex of grey cast-iron and vanadium plate, and roller core is still grey cast-iron matrix；
5) the as cast condition composite grinding roll of extraction is transferred in the heat-treatment furnace with protective atmosphere and be incubated, last furnace cooling To room temperature, so that in body surface formation wear-resistant coating, and roller core is still grey cast-iron matrix；
Wherein, wear-resistant coating is V2C dense ceramic layers.
18. the preparation method of grinding roller as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that：In step 1) in, the Pureness control of vanadium exists 99.7-99.9%, the thickness control of the vanadium plate is in 0.2-3mm, and the vanadium plate is first surface-treated；In step 2) in, External carbon source is fixed in the Austenitic stainless steel pipe mould inwall of centrifuge；In step 3) in, temperature control is at 1350-1450 DEG C； In step 4) in, above-mentioned iron liquid is cast to by centrifugal casting and above-mentioned is placed with vanadium plate and the centrifuge pipe die of external carbon source It is interior, extracted after after iron liquid cooling 2-3min.
19. the preparation method of grinding roller as claimed in claim 18, it is characterised in that：In above-mentioned centrifugal casting casting cycle, By cast temperature control at 1350-1450 DEG C, casting time is 10-60 seconds；Centrifuge speed is 500-600rpm.
20. the preparation method of the grinding roller as described in one of claim 17-19, it is characterised in that：V2C dense ceramic layers are defined list Crystalline phase, the quasi- monocrystalline mutually refers to, between many crystalline phases and monocrystalline phase, compared to many crystalline phases, and uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary subtracts It is few, and the more orderly microscopic structure of atomic arrangement.
21. the preparation method of grinding roller as claimed in claim 20, it is characterised in that：Step 5) in by control soaking time, Holding temperature obtains the V2C dense ceramic layers.
22. a kind of preparation method of the grinding roller as described in one of claim 4-16, it is characterised in that there is body surface gradient to answer Coating is closed, is comprised the following steps：
1) a vanadium plate is first prepared；
2) according to the work force-bearing situation of grinding roller, the position of its key wear is body surface, fixes outer in pipe die inwall accordingly Portion's carbon source, then by step 1) in vanadium plate be wound according to pipe die inner wall size, it is combined closely with external carbon source；
3) it is iron liquid to smelt grey cast-iron base material；
4) by above-mentioned iron liquid be cast to it is above-mentioned be placed with the pipe die of vanadium plate and external carbon source, after iron liquid cooling after extract, obtain The grinding roller of as cast condition, its body surface is the complex of grey cast-iron and vanadium plate, and roller core is still grey cast-iron matrix；
5) the as cast condition composite grinding roll of extraction is transferred in the heat-treatment furnace with protective atmosphere and be incubated, last furnace cooling To room temperature, so that in body surface formation gradient composite coating, and roller core is still grey cast-iron matrix；
6) grinding roller that the body surface obtained by has gradient composite coating is further heat-treated to obtain matrix.
23. the preparation method of grinding roller as claimed in claim 22, it is characterised in that：In step 1) in, the wherein purity control of vanadium System is in 99.7-99.9%, and the thickness control of the vanadium plate is in 0.2-3mm, and the vanadium plate is first surface-treated；In step 2) In, fix external carbon source in the Austenitic stainless steel pipe mould inwall of centrifuge；In step 3) in, by temperature control in 1350- 1450℃；In step 4) in, above-mentioned iron liquid is cast to the above-mentioned centrifugation for being placed with vanadium plate and external carbon source by centrifugal casting In machine pipe die, extracted after after iron liquid cooling 2-3min.
24. the preparation method of grinding roller as claimed in claim 23, it is characterised in that：In above-mentioned centrifugal casting casting cycle, By cast temperature control at 1350-1450 DEG C, casting time is 10-60 seconds；Centrifuge speed is 500-600rpm.
25. the preparation method of the grinding roller as described in one of claim 22-24, it is characterised in that：By rate-determining steps 5) middle guarantor Warm time, holding temperature obtain the gradient composite coating i.e. carbide coating, and the carbide coating includes in gradient dividing successively The quasi- monocrystalline phase V of cloth2C dense ceramic layers, micron V8C7Dense ceramic layers, V8C7With the fused layer of matrix.
26. the preparation method of the grinding roller as described in one of claim 22-24, it is characterised in that：In step 5) in holding temperature, Soaking time and the gross thickness of the gradient composite coating finally resulted in meet equation below,
L=kTlogt1/2+b0
Wherein：
The gross thickness (μm) of L --- gradient composite coating,
K --- it is constant, value is 0-1, k ≠ 0,
T --- holding temperature (K),
T --- soaking time (s),
b0--- the thickness of the composite bed formed after original depth (μm), i.e. iron liquid casting between vanadium plate.
27. the preparation method of grinding roller as claimed in claim 22, it is characterised in that：The step 1) in, the step of surface treatment It is rapid as follows：
First step pickling, the phosphoric acid or 120ml/L hydrogen peroxide of hydrochloric acid or 60ml/L from 300ml/L, rear flowing water is rinsed；
Second step pickling, the sulfuric acid or 240ml/L hydrogen peroxide of hydrofluoric acid or 200ml/L from 300ml/L, rear flowing water punching Wash；
3rd step surface is polished, from the Al of 800-1200 mesh2O3Sand paper, is finally cleaned by ultrasonic with alcohol.
28. the preparation method of the grinding roller as described in one of claim 22-24, it is characterised in that：The step 2) in outside Carbon source is graphite paper or graphite powder.
29. the preparation method of grinding roller as claimed in claim 28, it is characterised in that：The graphite paper is more than three-level purity For 85-99%, thickness is 0.1-0.35mm；Or, the graphite powder selects granularity in 600-1000 mesh, and purity is 85-99%.
30. the preparation method of the grinding roller as described in one of claim 23-24, it is characterised in that：The step 5) in, it is warming up to 1000-1160 DEG C, programming rate is controlled in 5-7 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 6-12h.
31. the preparation method of grinding roller as claimed in claim 30, it is characterised in that：The soaking time is 8-10h.
32. the preparation method of the grinding roller as described in one of claim 22-24, it is characterised in that：Selected grey cast-iron matrix is HT100, HT150, HT200, HT250, HT300 or HT350, phosphorus content are 2.7-3.6%.
33. the preparation method of the grinding roller as described in one of claim 22-24, it is characterised in that：The protective atmosphere is argon gas Or nitrogen, gas flow is 5-8ml/min.
34. the preparation method of the grinding roller as described in one of claim 22-24, it is characterised in that：The step 6) in heat at Science and engineering sequence is：It is heat-treated at 550-800 DEG C, matrix is pearlitic structrure, or, it is heat-treated at 220-550 DEG C, base Body is bainite structure, or, in 220 DEG C of heat treated below, matrix is martensitic structure.
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