CN104585514A - Feed additive, feed and pork meat quality improvement method - Google Patents
Feed additive, feed and pork meat quality improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104585514A CN104585514A CN201510074804.0A CN201510074804A CN104585514A CN 104585514 A CN104585514 A CN 104585514A CN 201510074804 A CN201510074804 A CN 201510074804A CN 104585514 A CN104585514 A CN 104585514A
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Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the feed field and in particular relates to a feed additive, a feed comprising the feed additive as well as a method for improving pork meat quality by using the feed. Based on the total weight of the feed additive, the feed additive comprises the following components: 75wt%-90wt% of bacillus subtilis metabolism peptides, more than 0-100mg/kg organic selenium, more than 0-40mg/kg organic chromium, more than 0%-7wt% of organic copper, 0%-2.0wt% of organic iron, more than 0%-1.0wt% of organic manganese, 0.5wt%-1.5wt% of organic zinc and optional vitamin E and/or vitamin C. The feed additive has the advantages of being capable of improving the meat quality of pork to provide healthy pork which is juicy, fresh and crisp in mouthfeel, and rich in selenium and zinc.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fodder, be specifically related to feed addictive, comprise the feed of this feed addictive, and use this feed to improve the method for pork quality.
Background technology
Since half a century, pig industry all over the world achieves fast development, and live pig output and pork output all significantly improve.But while quantity increases, the priority also along with serious problems such as meat quality decline, clenbuterol hydrochloride interpolation, water-injected meat, Pork form diseased or dead pigs occurs, brings directly and indirectly endanger to the health of people, natural environment etc.Meat quality problem has caused the extensive concern of the producer, consumer and nutritionists: appeal to eat " thin pork " from people's eighties in 20th century, appeal to eat " quality-assured meat " to people's nineties, since entering 21 century, people just more an urgent demand eat " safe meat ", " choice meat ".The change of this consumption idea and awareness of safety, reflects that people are improving constantly the degree of concern of raw pork quality and demand to a certain extent.
China is big country of raising pigs, and along with the raising of people's living standard, meat quality is more and more subject to the attention of consumers in general.Consumer likes lean meat percentage high, the pork that metabolism of lipid and cholesterol content is low, requires that again its color and luster is good, meat is tender, succulence, deliciousness, unsaturated fatty acid content are suitable simultaneously.In addition, from international vision, improve China's self-produced pork pig meat and raising local enterprise competitiveness is also benefited.
Improving one of meat approach is promote antioxidant ability of organism, mainly comprises and uses organic trace element and vitamin E and/or vitamin C.
Prior art proposes multiple feed addictive, feed or pork quality modification method.
CN102919538A relates to " a kind of feed addictive and batch improving cad pig growth performance ", and the feed addictive that this patent application relates to is containing, for example the component of lower weight portion: dried orange peel 23-25; Hawthorn 23-26; Fructus Hordei Germinatus 27-35; Rheum officinale 4-8; Chinese yam 15-23; Vb12 0.001-0.002; Chelated iron 9-11; Sodium butyrate 80-120.The patent application disclose the fermented bean dregs using and comprise active small peptide, and point out that fermented bean dregs is easy to intestinal absorption and utilizes.This patent application mainly through Chinese herbal medicine make regulate the flow of vital energy for realization, tonifying spleen, nourishing the stomach, reparation cad pig small intestine chorion, to reduce in enteron aisle pH value and suppress the effects such as harmful bacteria breeding.This patent application is confined to the growth improving cad pig, does not relate to fattening of normal pork pig.
CN103005217A relates to one and " improves feed addictive and the batch of quality of boar semen ", disclosed in this patent application, feed addictive is containing, for example the component of lower weight portion: broken wall haematococcus pluvialis powder 1 ~ 2 part, 2.5 ~ 5 parts, little peptide albumen, organic zinc 2 ~ 4 parts.This patent application is confined to the semen quality improving herd boar.
CN103461687A relates to one " preparation method of newborn feed is urged in the glycolysis of milking sow Chinese herbal medicine ", belongs to technical field of microbial fermentation.Disclosed in this patent application, feed is rich in Chinese herbal medicine active material, active small peptide, lactic acid and probio, and being intended to stimulates milking sow lactation.
CN103783316A relates to " one sow health-care feed lactation period ", and feed disclosed in it comprises basal diet and nutritional labeling, and wherein basal diet is corn 60-70%, dregs of beans 20-30%, soya-bean oil 1-3%, wheat bran 2-6%, premix 4-7%; Nutritional labeling is: the plant-derived little peptide of the animal derived little peptide of additional 0.4-0.7%, 2-3%, the intestine membrane protein of 1-2% and the isoflavones of 10-13ppm on the basis of basal diet.This patent application aims to provide health-care feed, to improve lactation amount and the content of milk protein of sow, and then can improve the litter weight of weaned piglet.
CN103478495A relates to " a kind of improve Luchuan Meat feed addictive, premix and batch ", disclosed in it, plant feed addictive contains: purple perilla seed powder 15-35 part, vitamin E 5-15 part, hawthorn 5-25 part, red date 10-30 part, Bio 0.01-0.05 part, active small peptide class biologic product 0.02-0.06 part, yeast selenium 0.02-0.08 part.This additive makes an addition in the basal diet of Luchuan pig with the addition of 350-900mg/Kg, improves meat.Disclosed in this patent application, feed addictive biases toward use plant material, tends to improve pork quality by Chinese medicine principle.
CN102783582A relates to " preparation method of sea-tangle, fish meal, brown sugar and red bean fermented type agent of feed for nursing sow ", uses and produce protease bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus-fermented in its process.Obtained feed contains active small peptide, lactic acid and probio, and being intended to stimulates milking sow lactation.
CN103892136A discloses a kind of fermented feed, adopts yeast seeds liquid, lactic acid bacteria culturers liquid and microbial protease, after the enzymolysis that ferments in confined conditions, dries obtained anti-prevention of sow constipation fermented feed.
But above patent application does not relate to fattens for pork pig, improve the feed addictive of pork pig meat and corresponding feed.This area lacks the technical scheme solved the problems of the technologies described above.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the one or more technical problems existed in prior art, applicant proposes the application, to provide pork pig to fatten, improves the feed addictive of pork pig meat and corresponding feed.The application also relates to the method for feed pork pig and improvement pork quality.
The theory that present invention applicant advocates is " healthy pig, meat is just nice ", and therefore applicant is devoted to cultivate healthy pork pig and provide nice pork.
Present invention applicant surprisingly finds, bacillus metabolism peptide and Organic Selenium, Organic Chromium, organic copper, Organic Iron, Organic Manganese, organic zinc and optional vitamin E and/or vitamin C is combined, the feed addictive of the meat quality that improves.
organic Selenium: the principal biological function of selenium is showed by GSH-Px.GSH-Px is made up of some subunits (molecular weight 2200), and each subunit is on average containing a selenium atom (Rotruck and Hoekstra, 1973).Therefore, the existence of selenium is directly connected to the activity of GSH-Px.GSH-Px energy catalytic reduction type glutathione changes the reaction of oxidized form of glutathione into, makes virose peroxide in body be reduced to alcohol and water, with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of Cell protection film by infringement and the interference of peroxide.This antioxidation of GSH-Px, very important to the illeffects eliminating the free radical be extensively present in body.
The content of Organic Selenium in feed addictive, at 0-100mg/kg, is preferably 10-90mg/kg, is more preferably 20-80mg/kg, is especially preferably 30-70mg/kg, more preferably 40-60mg/kg, most preferably is 50mg/kg.The content of Organic Selenium in feed addictive can be 0mg/kg, 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg, 15mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 25mg/kg, 30mg/kg, 35mg/kg, 40mg/kg, 45mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 55mg/kg, 60mg/kg, 65mg/kg, 70mg/kg, 75mg/kg, 80mg/kg, 85mg/kg, 90mg/kg, 95mg/kg or 100mg/kg, above numerical value includes ± the reasonable adjusting amplitude of 2mg/kg, and namely 40mg/kg is equal to and discloses 38mg/kg, 40mg/kg and 42mg/kg.
organic zinc: the important function of of zinc is antioxidation, and it can participate in Antioxidative Defense System, affects the antioxidative functional of body by affecting free radical and change the state of anti-oxidant enzyme-to-substrate.Research display, zinc can eliminate the foreign matter in body, reduction peroxide radical, and the super oxyradical that Cell protection produces in reacting from oxidative metabolism is to the damage of superoxide dismutase activity.
The content of organic zinc in feed addictive, about 0.5-1.5%, is preferably about 1%.The content of organic zinc in feed addictive can be 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4% or 1.5%, above numerical value includes ± the reasonable adjusting amplitude of 0.05%, and namely 1.1% is equal to and discloses 1.05%, 1.10% and 1.15%.
organic Chromium: adding Organic Chromium can significantly improve the drip loss of pork in pole, add in swine rations chromium propionate can improve the production performance of animal, develop immunitypty, raising reproductive performance and can improve pig butcher after carcass quality etc.
The content of Organic Chromium in feed addictive, about 0-40mg/kg, is preferably 10-30mg/kg, is more preferably 20mg/kg.The content of Organic Chromium in feed addictive can be 0mg/kg, 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg, 15mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 25mg/kg, 30mg/kg, 35mg/kg or 40mg/kg, above numerical value includes ± the reasonable adjusting amplitude of 2mg/kg, and namely 40mg/kg is equal to and discloses 38mg/kg, 40mg/kg and 42mg/kg.
organic copper:copper is one of essential trace element of animal body, and it can participate in organism metabolism as the constituent of enzyme; Also the synthesis of ferroheme and erythrocytic maturation can be regulated; The maturation of the complete of elastin laminin and connective tissue can also be kept.In addition, copper can also the synthesis of modulating melanin and insulin, adrenotrophin secretion.Braude(1945) first
Secondary discovery, adds 50 mg/kg copper, can promote the growth of pig in Diet For Finishing Pig.
The content of organic copper in feed addictive, by weight about 0%-0.7%, is preferably about 0.5%.The content of organic copper in feed addictive can be 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, above numerical value includes ± the reasonable adjusting amplitude of 0.05%.
organic Manganese:manganese is one of essential trace element of animal body, and it can be used as the constituent of multiple enzyme and the activator of enzyme, participates in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism.Large quantity research shows, the production performance of manganese and animal, breeding function, bone are formed, carcass quality, eggshell quality and cerebral metabolism etc. are closely bound up.
The content of Organic Manganese in feed addictive, by weight about 0%-1.0%, is preferably about 0.7%.The content of Organic Manganese in feed addictive can be 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% or 1.0%, and above numerical value includes ± the reasonable adjusting amplitude of 0.05%, and namely 0.8% is equal to and discloses 0.75%, 0.80% and 0.85%.
organic Iron:iron is the biogenic element of animal body, participates in the metabolism in vital movement and energetic supersession in a variety of forms.Iron is widely distributed in vivo, be present in red blood cell with the form of hemoglobin, be present in muscle with myoglobins form, be present in serum with the form of transferrin and ferritin, be present in placenta with uterus ferritin form, be present in Ruzhong with lactoferrin form, be present in liver spleen with the form of ferritin and flavine ferritin; The important component of iron or cytochrome oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, xanthine oxidase.Iron status and animal body grow and health closely related.
The content of Organic Iron in feed addictive, by weight about 0%-2.0%, is preferably about 1%.The content of Organic Iron in feed addictive can be 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4% or 1.5%, above numerical value includes ± the reasonable adjusting amplitude of 0.05%, and namely 1.1% is equal to and discloses 1.05%, 1.10% and 1.15%.
vitamin E and/or vitamin Cit is optional existence in feed addictive.If there is vitamin E, then its content is 150-250mg/kg, preferably about about 200mg/kg.If there is vitamin C, then its content is 10-50mg/kg, preferably about 30mg/kg.Certainly, under the Expected Results not affecting feed addictive and the prerequisite object of feeding not had a negative impact, also can adopt other suitable content, be not limited to the concrete content example provided herein.
bacillus metabolism peptide: or can be described as bacillus culture and metabolite, also can be described as fermentation of bacillus thing.Containing a large amount of little peptide in the fermentation of bacillus thing of protein raw materials, little Toplink improves the pork pig speed of growth, reduce feed-weight ratio, can substitute antibiotics and antimicrobial, the feed of feeding containing little peptide product is better than the feed not using little peptide product to the growth-promoting effect of pork pig and economic benefit; Little Toplink improves the digestibility of feed protein; It is reported, in swine rations, add 0.5% soybean protein hydrolyate, obviously can increase lean meat percentage, reduce hog on hook fat content, thus improve meat quality.
There are neutrality, alkalescence, acidic amino acid and imino acid 4 kinds of active transport system in free amino acid, in animal body inverse concentration gradient transhipment is undertaken by Na+ pump or non-Na+ pump delivery system.Different from free amino acid, little peptide may have following 3 kinds of transporting mechanisms in animal body: (1) has the dependent H+/Na+ of pH and exchanges delivery system, does not consume atriphos (ATP).Think after deliberation, the power of little peptide transhipment is from the electrochemical gradient of proton, proton orders about little peptide to intracellular motility to the power of intracellular transport, little peptide thus enter cell with the form of initiatively diffusion, the pH value of cell is caused to decline, Na+/H+ passage is activated, and H+ is released cell, and the pH value of cell is returned to original level.When lacking H+ gradient, the refuse concentration outside film is relied on to carry out; When there is the high outside and low outside H+ concentration of cell, then cotransport with the raw electricity of inverse substrate and carry out.(2) H+ or Na2+ is relied on " the active transport process of concentration, need to consume ATP, but it is different from the active transport of enterocyte to free amino acid completely, is an independently process.This transporting mode is in anoxic or suppressed when there is metabolic poison.(3) glutathione (GSH) movement system.GSH has important anti-oxidation function in cell, and thus GSH movement system may possess unique physiological significance.But its mechanism is not fully aware of at present.Vincerzini thinks, the transmembrane transport system of GSH is relevant with the concentration gradient of Na+, K+, Li+, Na2+, Mn+, and has nothing to do with the concentration of H+.
The absorption of little peptide has that power consumption is low, transport speed fast, the carrier not easily advantage such as saturated; And free amino acid absorbs slow, carrier is easily saturated, and during absorption, power consumption is large.Have scholar to think, peptide carrier absorption ability may total higher than various amino acid carrier absorbability.And the duodenum of the animal such as pig, chicken little peptide mixer perfusion experiment is shown, the absorptivity of little peptide mixer is apparently higher than ispol.The reason that in little peptide, amino acid residue is rapidly absorbed, except peptide mechanism of absorption itself, may be that the absorption of peptide to amino acid or its residue itself has facilitation.According to Bamba etc., increase to some extent for substrate makes intestines win the aminopeptidase activities of BBMV (BBMV) and the activity of amino acid carrier and number with little peptide.The result of study of Brandsch also shows, the kinetic constant that the fermentation protein hydrolysate (junket endorphin) be present in jejunum can make L-Leu enter enterocyte increases.In addition, the existence due to peptide carrier decreases the competition of single amino acids on absorbing, thus reduces the antagonism between amino acid, also may be the reason of little peptide high-selenium corn.
The bacillus metabolism peptide that the present invention relates to is manufactured by following specific process.
1) protein raw materials, carbon source and water are mixed with nutrient solution, the content of protein raw materials such as dregs of beans, potato etc. can be 20-30g/100ml, and the content of carbon source as glucose can be 0.1-1g/100ml;
2) be inoculated in nutrient solution by bacillus, inoculum concentration can be 5-10 % by weight; At 30-37 DEG C after shaken cultivation 18-30h, add protease, the addition of protease can be 300-1000U/g protein raw materials; Continue to cultivate 6-12h in 35-50 DEG C and pH6.0-7.5, obtain little peptide zymotic fluid; Or: in nutrient solution, add protease, after 35-50 DEG C and pH6.0-7.5 enzymolysis 6-12h, bacillus is inoculated in nutrient solution, at 30-37 DEG C, continues shaken cultivation 18-30h, obtain little peptide zymotic fluid;
3) little peptide zymotic fluid is dry, obtain described bacillus metabolism peptide.
Inventor surprisingly finds, by specific fermentation of bacillus thing that the present invention is manufactured and Organic Selenium, Organic Chromium, organic zinc and vitamin E/C(optional) etc. combine, and specifically for pork pig fattening stage, thus can succulence be provided, mouthfeel is fresh and crisp, is rich in the healthy pork of selenium and zinc.
Specifically, following technical scheme is protected in request of the present invention.
1. a feed addictive, it comprises based on feed addictive gross weight:
The bacillus metabolism peptide of 75 % by weight-90 % by weight,
Be greater than the Organic Selenium of 0-100mg/kg,
Be greater than the Organic Chromium of 0-40mg/kg,
Be greater than the organic copper of 0%-0.7 % by weight,
Be greater than the Organic Iron of 0%-2.0 % by weight,
Be greater than the Organic Manganese of 0%-1.0 % by weight,
The organic zinc of 0.5%-1.5 % by weight, and
Optional vitamin E and/or vitamin C.
2. the feed addictive described in technical scheme 1, is characterized in that, described bacillus metabolism peptide is the bacillus liquid tunning of protein raw materials.
3. the feed addictive described in any one of preceding solution, is characterized in that, described bacillus metabolism peptide manufactures by the following method:
1) protein raw materials, carbon source and water are mixed with nutrient solution;
2) bacillus is inoculated in nutrient solution, at 30-37 DEG C after shaken cultivation 18-30h, adds protease, continue to cultivate 6-12h in 35-50 DEG C and pH6.0-7.5, obtain little peptide zymotic fluid; Or: in nutrient solution, add protease, after 35-50 DEG C and pH6.0-7.5 enzymolysis 6-12h, bacillus is inoculated in nutrient solution, at 30-37 DEG C, continues shaken cultivation 18-30h, obtain little peptide zymotic fluid;
3) little peptide zymotic fluid is dry, obtain described bacillus metabolism peptide.
4. the feed addictive described in any one of preceding solution, is characterized in that, the content of described bacillus metabolism peptide Small Peptides is 20-40 % by weight.
5. the feed addictive described in any one of preceding solution, it is characterized in that, described bacillus metabolism peptide is from protein raw materials, and described protein raw materials is selected from: soybean, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, cotton dregs, soybean protein isolate, FSPC, potato, rice, wheat and corn and their combination.
6. the feed addictive described in any one of preceding solution, is characterized in that, described bacillus is selected from: bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bafillus natto and their combination.
7. the feed addictive described in any one of preceding solution, is characterized in that, described feed addictive comprises the vitamin E based on feed addictive gross weight 150-250mg/kg, preferably about 200mg/kg; With the vitamin C of gross weight 10-50mg/kg, preferably about 30mg/kg.
8. a feed, it comprises basal feed and the feed addictive described in any one of preceding solution, the addition of described feed addictive is basal feed 1-5 per ton kilogram (1-5 weight ‰), preferred 1-3 kilogram (1-3 weight ‰).
9. the feed described in technical scheme 8, is characterized in that, described feed is used for pig or fowl.
10. improve a method for pork quality, it comprises the growing and fattening pigs 30-50 days of the 70-100kg that to feed with the feed described in technical scheme 8.
Compared to the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) combined by bacillus metabolism peptide and organic zinc, selenium, chromium, iron, copper, manganese, Product Green environmental protection, meets healthy aquaculture theory;
2) less investment output benefit is large, and because feed cost per ton is at about 80 yuan, every pig adds up to 20 yuan, the pig that application the present invention program raises, hair jin oversold 3-5 per jin mao, output 60 ~ 100 yuan, and net profit is at 40 ~ 80 yuan;
3) apply the pig that the present invention program raises, Tu's postmortem muscle is glossy, in pale red, and fat white; The meat mouthfeel of boiling is very crisp, is easy to be chewed; Chew seldom very easily swallowing of rear remaining meat slag; Meat soup is delicious, enjoys endless aftertastes;
4) pork that obtains of pig of raising through the present invention program has the organic trace element content such as the muscle selenium of raising and zinc, meets current consumption idea;
5) the present invention passes through the organic assembling of bacillus metabolism peptide and organic trace element, produces actively impact to the selenium in growing-finishing pigs performance, meat and pork and Zn content.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows embodiment 2 test group pigskin table phase closeup photograph;
Fig. 2 shows embodiment 2 control group pigskin table phase closeup photograph.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by specific embodiment, specifically deep description is done to the present invention, but each concrete aspect use for illustrative purposes only disclosed in it, any restriction is not produced to protection scope of the present invention.
The preparation of embodiment 1-feed addictive of the present invention
Feed addictive comprises the bacillus metabolism peptide of 80 % by weight, the Organic Selenium of 50mg/kg, the Organic Chromium of 40mg/kg, the organic zinc of 1 % by weight, the Organic Iron of 1% weight, the Organic Manganese of 0.7% weight, the organic copper of 0.5% weight, the soybean protein of the vitamin E of 200mg/kg and the vitamin C of 30mg/kg and surplus, above components total 100 % by weight.
Above percentage by weight is all based on the total weight of feed addictive.
Wherein, bacillus metabolism peptide manufactures by the following method:
1) preparation of nutrient solution: 50kg crude protein content is the dregs of beans of 46%, 20kg crude protein content is the corn protein powder of 50%, 15kg crude protein content is the 35% dish dregs of rice, 20kg crude protein content is the peanut meal of 48%, and 95kg crude protein content is the rice protein powder of 60%, and 100kg crude protein content is the FSPC of 65%, 4kg sucrose and 4g glucose, with water constant volume to 1000L, with hydrochloric acid or NaOH adjustment reacting liquid pH value to 6.8,121 DEG C of sterilizings 18 minutes;
2) bacillus metabolism peptide zymotic fluid preparation: sterilizing terminates, and after culture-liquid temp drops to 45 DEG C, add 4.2kg neutral proteinase (700U/g protein raw materials), 45 DEG C of enzymolysis 12h, obtain little peptidase hydrolyzed liquor; Bacillus liquid through cultivating being accessed in little peptidase hydrolyzed liquor, making bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis bulk concentration in enzymolysis liquid be about 5 × 10
7cfu/ml, in 32 DEG C of constant-temperature tables, 200r/min shaken cultivation 24h, obtains little peptide zymotic fluid;
3) bacillus metabolism peptide zymotic fluid is placed in 80 DEG C of oven for drying to moisture lower than 10%, pulverizes, cross 60 mesh sieves, obtain described bacillus metabolism peptide.
The product type of Organic Selenium is Se-enriched yeast SE2000, is produced by Guangzhou Prosyn Bio-Feed Co., Ltd..
The product type of Organic Chromium is Cr-enriched yeast CR2000, is produced by Guangzhou Prosyn Bio-Feed Co., Ltd..
The product type of organic zinc is that rich zinc is apt to the precious 10-HZN of first zinc, is produced by Guangzhou Prosyn Bio-Feed Co., Ltd..
Organoferric product type is that the precious 10-HFE of rod iron is apt to by rich iron, is produced by Guangzhou Prosyn Bio-Feed Co., Ltd..
The product type of Organic Manganese is that rich manganese is apt to the precious 10-HMN of first manganese, is produced by Guangzhou Prosyn Bio-Feed Co., Ltd..
The product type of organic copper is that rich copper is apt to the precious 10-HCU of first copper, is produced by Guangzhou Prosyn Bio-Feed Co., Ltd..
Above-mentioned feed addictive, by stirring 10-30 minute by mixer at normal temperatures, makes various composition mix and obtain.
Embodiment is fattened by 2-market pig
In the present embodiment, fatten the ternary pigs of body weight at about 80kg (± 5kg), feeding time is 40 days.
the grouping of market pig and management
Select big porker 8 hurdle of physical health, 25, every hurdle.8 hurdles are divided into 2 parts, control group 4 hurdle, test group 4 hurdle.
Contrast daily ration (fattening pannage that Guangxi GL company is self-produced) of control group pig is fed, test group pig is on contrast daily ration basis, pig farm, with embodiment 1 prepare feed addictive substitute contrast daily ration in etc. weight dregs of beans, obtain test group daily ration and feed.The addition of feed addictive is contrast daily ration per ton about 3 kilograms.
Composition and the trophic level of contrast daily ration see table 1.
Table 1:
evaluation method
Market pig after fattening is carried out to the evaluation of the following aspects.
1) fur table is evaluated mutually: main relatively following three aspects: whether a. skin is bright; B. the length of hair; C. the sparse degree of hair;
2) yellowish pink evaluation: establishing criteria picture scorecard, carries out blind commenting one by one to each meat sample;
3) muscle drip loss evaluation: do not apply any external force, a gravitate, weighed by drip loss.Concrete operations mode is: sliced meat are repaiied epimysium, meat sample silk thread or metal hook are sling, overcoat polybag of weighing in advance, sack is fastened and is enclosed in bag by meat sample, the water droplet that sufficient space receives meat sample to ooze out is left in bag, then hang in refrigerator (0 ~ 4 DEG C) after 24 hours and remove polybag, suck meat sample surface moisture with filter paper and weigh again.
4) mouthfeel evaluation: get pig neck one jin, put into the water (water yield 2 jin) of ebuillition of heated, put into appropriate salt, boil, evaluate mouthfeel by testing crew.
5) assay of selenium and zinc: get lean pork taken under the spinal column of a hog with it from butchering rear pig respectively, reject connective tissue unnecessary on it and fat, physiological saline washes away bloodstain, filter paper blots the physiological saline on it, be cut into thin slice by knife, put 65 degree, baking oven 8 hours, the muscle after drying is pulverized, at weighed on precision balances, with atomic absorption detecting muscle selenium Zn content.
evaluation result
The data acquisition excel 2003 obtained in above evaluation procedure carries out one-way analysis of variance.
1) fur table is evaluated mutually: can draw from the description of raiser and field observation, the pigskin of test group is red, capillary, and oligotrichosis; The pig relative test group of control group is turned white, and hair is longer, hair many (respectively see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
2) yellowish pink evaluation: yellowish pink evaluation result is as shown in table 2 below.
Table 2:
As can be seen from Table 2, test group scoring is apparently higher than control group.Further, along with the prolongation of standing time, greatly, the change of test group pork colour is not remarkable in the color change of control group meat.
3) muscle drip loss evaluation: this evaluation result is as shown in table 3 below.
Table 3:
As can be seen from the data of table 3, test group and control group rate difference of dripping is 0.28%.In control group group, difference is comparatively large, and peak is 2.51%, and minimum is 0.94%, difference about 1.6%; And test group peak is 1.35%, minimum is 0.82%, difference 0.53%.It can be seen, test group entirety is better than control group.
4) mouthfeel evaluation: comment by scene is blind, testing crew thinks that the mouthfeel of meat sample 2 is better, pork succulence and more crisp, and fragrance is denseer, and palatability is also relatively better; And the mouthfeel of meat sample 1 is so not crisp, feel there is slag after chewing, and fragrance is inadequate.No. 5 meat samples in test group taken from by final announcement meat sample 2, and No. 1 meat sample in control group taken from by meat sample 1.
5) zinc-content determination result is shown in table 4.
Table 4:
From the testing result of table 4, control group (41.45mg/kg) is starkly lower than test group (50.61mg/kg), and test group pig exceeds about 10mg/kg than control group; , there is significant difference (p<0.05) in Analysis of variance, illustrates that the interpolation of organic zinc creates useful effect to zinc deposition between control group and test group.
Determination of Selenium result is shown in table 5.
Table 5:
From the testing result of table 5, control group selenium average content is starkly lower than test group, and test group selenium average content is 1.77 times of control group.There is significant difference (p<0.05) between Analysis of variance control group and test group, illustrate that the interpolation of Organic Selenium produces obvious facilitation to selenium deposition.
interpretation of result
By above evaluation, inventor thinks that trace element and bacillus metabolin make a significant impact meat percentage of water loss, and they strengthen the activity of superoxide dismutase in muscle with scavenging free radicals.And free radical can destroy the unrighted acid structure on cell membrane, result reduces the mobility of cell membrane, and cause cell fragility to become large, cell easily breaks and causes content to outflow, and strengthens drip loss, reduces nutrition and the standing losses of meat.Meat yellowish pink is subject to the impact of meat surface light line reflection, and in meat, runny oozing out can make surface light line reflection increase, and color and luster of meat brightens, and bleaches.Unrighted acid containing needed by human in intramuscular fat, and the special flavor material of meat is also mainly present in intramuscular fat, and the cross-linked structure of intramuscular fat also by cutting off fascicula improves tenderness and the palatability of meat.
Preparation and the market pig of embodiment 3-control feed additive are fattened
The present embodiment adopts the composition identical with embodiment 1 and step to prepare control feed additive, wherein contrasts 1 and adds bacillus metabolism peptide in shortage; Contrast 2 does not add Organic Selenium; Contrast 3 does not add Organic Chromium; Contrast 4 does not add organic zinc; Concrete feed addictive composition (vitamin E and C omit) is listed in the table below 6.
Table 6:
According to the market pig fattening method of embodiment 2, above-mentioned five kinds of feed addictives are applied to body weight and are about 80kg(± 5kg) the fattening of ternary pigs, feeding time is identical with embodiment 2.
Compared with the ternary pigs of fattening with the feed addictive of the present invention of embodiment 1, the ternary pigs obtained by fed control 1 is in evaluation method 3) muscle drip loss evaluation and evaluation method 4) mouthfeel evaluate these two aspects all produce deterioration; The ternary pigs obtained by fed control 2-4 is in evaluation method 3) evaluation of muscle drip loss, evaluation method 4) mouthfeel evaluation and evaluation method 5) selenium and zinc assay this all produce deterioration in three; Therefore the feed addictive of the present invention of embodiment 1 is better than contrasting 1-4.
Further, from embodiment 1-4 on the whole, combined, can realize comprehensive regulation, and then reach the effect improving meat by the specific products of the application, this effect is not easily realized by the one or two kind of component be used alone wherein.
Market pig is fattened in embodiment 4-contrast
The present embodiment adopts the method identical with embodiment 2 to fatten end article pig, the feed addictive of same use embodiment 1, difference is that end article pig had both comprised the ternary pigs of body weight at about 80kg (± 5kg), also comprise underweight 50kg and the body weight ternary pigs market pig in contrast more than 100kg, this embodiment is intended to test the action effect of feed addictive of the present invention for the pork pig of Different growth phases.
From the body weight growth rate of pork pig before and after feeding of different production phase, feed addictive of the present invention is the most remarkable in the effect of the pork pig of about 80kg (± 5kg) for body weight.Inventor thinks, as underweight 50kg, not yet enters fattening stage, limited for the improvement of meat by feed addictive of the present invention, therefore uses the economy of additive to decline.On the other hand, when body weight is more than 100kg, the effect that additive improves for meat declines equally, this may be because the body weight body weight of delivering for sale more than distance after 100kg is not far, therefore feeding time is shorter, and feeding effect reduces, and the use motivation of additive is weakened.
Inventor thinks that feed addictive of the present invention is preferred for the growing and fattening pigs of body weight at 70-100kg thus, and improve the meat of pork thus, to provide succulence, mouthfeel is fresh and crisp, is rich in the healthy pork of selenium and zinc.
Comprehensive above discuss, inventor surprisingly finds to add feed addictive of the present invention in feed and obviously can improve big porker yellowish pink, be water rate and pork mouthfeel is good; The content of muscle selenium and zinc can be improved simultaneously.Result has very high using value to lifting meat quality, creation brand pork.
The embodiment that the present invention provides is intended to help skilled in the art to understand and implements technical scheme of the present invention, does not produce restriction to the details of technical scheme.Disclosed in different embodiments and/or embodiment, ins and outs can combine, and equivalent replacement, to obtain new embodiment or embodiment.The concrete data that the present invention provides contain the fluctuation up and down based on this numerical value zone of reasonableness simultaneously, to contain the equivalent measure error of replacing and may exist.
Claims (10)
1. a feed addictive, it comprises based on feed addictive gross weight:
The bacillus metabolism peptide of 75 % by weight-90 % by weight,
Be greater than the Organic Selenium of 0-100mg/kg,
Be greater than the Organic Chromium of 0-40mg/kg,
Be greater than the organic copper of 0%-0.7 % by weight,
Be greater than the Organic Iron of 0%-2.0 % by weight,
Be greater than the Organic Manganese of 0%-1.0 % by weight,
The organic zinc of 0.5%-1.5 % by weight, and
Optional vitamin E and/or vitamin C.
2. feed addictive according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described bacillus metabolism peptide is the bacillus liquid tunning of protein raw materials.
3. feed addictive according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described bacillus metabolism peptide manufactures by the following method:
1) protein raw materials, carbon source and water are mixed with nutrient solution;
2) bacillus is inoculated in nutrient solution, at 30-37 DEG C after shaken cultivation 18-30h, adds protease, continue to cultivate 6-12h in 35-50 DEG C and pH6.0-7.5, obtain little peptide zymotic fluid; Or: in nutrient solution, add protease, after 35-50 DEG C and pH6.0-7.5 enzymolysis 6-12h, bacillus is inoculated in nutrient solution, at 30-37 DEG C, continues shaken cultivation 18-30h, obtain little peptide zymotic fluid;
3) little peptide zymotic fluid is dry, obtain described bacillus metabolism peptide.
4. feed addictive according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the content of described bacillus metabolism peptide Small Peptides is 20-40 % by weight.
5. feed addictive according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described bacillus metabolism peptide is from protein raw materials, and described protein raw materials is selected from: soybean, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, cotton dregs, soybean protein isolate, FSPC, potato, rice, wheat and corn and their combination.
6. feed addictive according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described bacillus is selected from: bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bafillus natto and their combination.
7. feed addictive according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described feed addictive comprises the vitamin E based on feed addictive gross weight 150-250mg/kg, preferably about 200mg/kg; With the vitamin C of gross weight 10-50mg/kg, preferably about 30mg/kg.
8. a feed, it comprises the feed addictive of basal feed and any one of claim 1-7, and the addition of described feed addictive is basal feed 1-5 per ton kilogram (1-5 weight ‰).
9. feed according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described feed is used for pig or fowl.
10. improve a method for pork quality, it comprises the growing and fattening pigs 30-50 days of the 70-100kg that to feed with feed according to claim 8.
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