CN104584949B - A kind of Ecological preventive way of vegetables tetranychid - Google Patents
A kind of Ecological preventive way of vegetables tetranychid Download PDFInfo
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- CN104584949B CN104584949B CN201410601769.9A CN201410601769A CN104584949B CN 104584949 B CN104584949 B CN 104584949B CN 201410601769 A CN201410601769 A CN 201410601769A CN 104584949 B CN104584949 B CN 104584949B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the Ecological preventive way of vegetables tetranychid, belong to technical field of ecological agriculture.The Ecological preventive way for the vegetables tetranychid that the present invention is provided, it is characterised in that vegetables and garlic are subjected to intercropping plant.Methods described can effectively control the growth of tetranychid population quantity in vegetable crop growth course, ensure the Product quality and safety of vegetables.This method zero cost, no pollution has saved environmental resource, protects human health, maintains the natural ecological balance, is that the implementation and application of the nuisanceless and sustainable Control Technology of tetranychid are laid a good foundation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Ecological preventive way of vegetables tetranychid, belong to technical field of ecological agriculture.
Background technology
Vegetables Tetranychus Arachnoidea Acari Acariformes Tetranychidae, belongs to the big evil mite of global agricultural, mainly includes
Mite Tetranychus truncatus Ehara, Tetranychus cinnabarinus T.cinnabarinus (Boisduval) and two variegated leafs
Mite T.urticae Koch.Extensively, feeding habits are miscellaneous for tetranychid host plant, and only Tetranychus urticae can cause harm at least 1000 kinds host plants
(Dermauw et al., 2013, PNAS, 110 (2):E113-E122), wherein 35 kinds of vegetable crop, mainly cause harm beans and melon
Class vegetables, eggplant, tomato, capsicum, potato, three-coloured amaranth, shepherd's purse etc..Tetranychid is main to pierce phyllidium piece in blade back into mite and children mite
Juice and netting of spinning, influence plant normal growth, cause chlorosis withered when serious or complete stool blade dries up and come off, shorten melon
The fruiting period of fruit type vegetable, influences the yield and quality of vegetables.Under normal circumstances, if preventing and treating causes harm what is caused by tetranychid not in time
Economic loss is about between 15-30%.
In many protecting fields at home and abroad, the biological control of vegetables tetranychid is proved to be can be with (the Opit of successful implementation
et al.,2004,Biological Control,29(3):445–452；Opit et al.,2009,Journal of
Economic Entomology,102(1):336–346；Xu Xuenong etc., 2011, applied entomology report, 48 (3):579–587).
But in actual production practice, the facilities environment of China and the incompatibility and nature enemy in amount of the requirement of natural enemy factor survival and reproduction
It is difficult to the main bugbear that large-scale production chemical conversion faces for tetranychid biological control, therefore tetranychid of the insecticidal/acaricidal agent in its field prevents
Still played a significant role in control.But, because tetranychid reproductive capacity is strong, can single-female generation, the features such as development duration is short, tetranychid is every
Year reproductive order of generation is more, is especially become apparent from the environment and regional representation of drought, therefore, tetranychid easily develops immunity to drugs,
The especially quick Tetranychus urticae of development of drug resistance, the current mite is to traditional organic phosphates, chrysanthemum esters and carbamate
Insecticides and new insecticidal/acaricidal agent, biological source acaricide etc. generate the different degrees of resistance to the action of a drug (van Leeuwen
et al.,2010,Insect Biochem.Mol.Biol.,40(8):563–572；Tang little Feng etc., 2014, Plant Protection
Report, 41 (1):, therefore tetranychid (especially Tetranychus urticae) drug-fast development seriously hinders the change to tetranychid population 67-73)
Learn prevention and control.
Due to the side effect of chemical prevention and control, thus recent years on other non-harmful Control of Pest Mites methods research by
Gradually turn into focus.Many researchers, which are explored, in recent years compares different plant extracts to the virulence of tetranychid and sprinkling plant extract
Liquid preventing and treating tetranychid etc. (Yanar et al., 2011；Abd El-Moneim et al.,2012；Ghaderia et al.,
2013).Dabrowski ＆Seredynska (2007) have found that garlic P.E has acaricidal activity to Tetranychus urticae into mite, it
Attia etc. (2012) has found that the different garlic concentration death rates into mite female to Tetranychus urticae are different with the influence of reproductive capacity afterwards,
And identify that its main component includes hexadiene disulphide, trisulfides two hexadiene etc. using GC-MS.Recently, Geng etc.
(2014) garlic stalk extract is have studied to Tetranychus urticae and tetranychus viennensis Tetranychus viennensis Zacher
Virulence and repellent activity, it is found that straw extractive is better than Tetranychus urticae to the repellent activity of tetranychus viennensis, illustrate garlic stalk
It is to have one of means of potential non-environmental pollution control tetranychid, while also indicating that virulence of the garlic P.E to different Leaf Mite Speciess
And anti-repelling properties have differences.
But in addition sprinkling garlic P.E, its cost is higher, and garlic P.E volatilization fastoperation timeliness is short, needs
Effective field control could be realized by spraying garlic P.E with wanting multiple high-frequency.How effectively easily to be extracted using garlic
Thing is to the repellent activity of acarid, into new problem.
The content of the invention
According to the demand in above-mentioned field, the present invention provides a kind of method of bionomic control vegetables tetranychid.
The claimed technical scheme of the present invention is as follows：
A kind of Ecological preventive way of vegetables tetranychid, it is characterised in that vegetables and garlic are subjected to intercropping plant.
The intercropping plant refers to vegetable crop and garlic according to 1：1、2：1 or 4：1 ratio enters between-line spacing plantation.
The vegetables refer to eggplant.
Described Ecological preventive way, it is characterised in that be additionally included in the vegetables foliage spray garlic processing of intercropping plant
Liquid；
The garlic treatment fluid is garlic clove juice and water with volume ratio 1~10:0~9 ratio is obtained by mixing；
Preparing for the garlic clove juice is as follows：With distilled water with 1g after garlic clove grinding:After the mixing of 10ml ratios, in 25 ± 1
DEG C, sealing preserve in 60%RH growth cabinet, filter to take clear and obtain after 24h.
A kind of method for preventing and treating vegetables Mite, it is characterised in that garlic treatment fluid is sprayed on vegetables blade face, it is described
Garlic treatment fluid is garlic clove juice and water with volume ratio 1~10:0~9 ratio is obtained by mixing；
Preparing for the garlic clove juice is as follows：With distilled water with 1g after garlic clove grinding:After the mixing of 10ml ratios, in 25 ± 1
DEG C, sealing preserve in 60%RH growth cabinet, filter to take clear and obtain after 24h.
A kind of Ecological preventive way of vegetables tetranychid, it is characterised in that on same plot, vegetables enter road wheel with garlic
Make.
For the present situation that vegetables tetranychid occurrence injury is universal, the resistance to the action of a drug is serious, biological control does not catch up with practical application, this hair
It is bright that a kind of Ecological preventive way of effective reduction vegetables tetranychid population quantity is provided：Vegetable crop and garlic are entered into between-line spacing kind
Plant.The present invention method compared with spray on plants extract, without extract, dilution and sprinkling etc. step, only need to by garlic with
Vegetable crop enters between-line spacing plantation, and operation is simple, and the control effect to vegetables tetranychid is fairly obvious, and garlic is in itself
It is the vegetable crop needed for daily life, therefore cost is zero；Compared with the method for chemical prevention and control, method of the invention belongs to raw
The anti-therapy of state, it is environmentally safe, the problem of in the absence of residues of pesticides, protect human health, it is to avoid to tetranychid natural enemy
Injury, maintains balance of nature；Compared with biological control, method of the invention need not cultivate tetranychid natural enemy, saved into
This, while also having evaded China's facilities environment problem incompatible with tetranychid natural enemy survival and reproduction requirement.
The density of the Ecological preventive way for the vegetables tetranychid that the present invention is provided, preferred vegetable crop and garlic is 1：1、
2：1 or 4：1.The present invention is caused harm even more serious vegetable crop from tetranychid --- eggplant as field test research object,
By eggplant and garlic according to 1：1、2：1 or 4：1 ratio enters between-line spacing plantation, as a result shows, tetranychid naturally-occurring quantity with it is big
The negatively correlated relation of height of garlic planting density, garlic ratio is higher, and tetranychid quantity is lower；Compared with blank control group, a work
Tetranychid quantity on the eggplant plant of group is substantially reduced, wherein with 1：1 and 2：Kind team control during 1 ratio field planting to vegetables tetranychid
Make of more notable.
In some embodiments of the invention, the need for according to actual production, the density of vegetable crop and garlic
Can remove 1：1、2：1 and 4：Any other ratio beyond 1.For example, the serious vegetable crop of tetranychid harm can be with more a variety of
Garlic, it is ensured that the quality of vegetables, the economic loss that reduction tetranychid brings；Tetranychid, which endangers lighter vegetable crop, can plant a little big less
Garlic, so as to increase the yield of the big field vegetable crop of unit area；Vegetable cultivation tetranychid occurrence injury it is very serious when,
Second stubble crop can also select to plant garlic, to block tetranychid worm sources to continue to build up and seriously cause harm local.
In further embodiments, method of the invention can be with other preventing and treating tetranychids well known to those skilled in the art
Method is used in combination, such as：While field between vegetable crop and garlic by making, sprinkling plant extracts or acaricide, with this
Farthest reduce the reproductive number of tetranychid, the overall quality for improving vegetables.
To sum up, the Ecological preventive way for the vegetables tetranychid that the present invention is provided, can effectively control vegetable crop growth course
The growth of middle tetranychid population quantity, ensures the Product quality and safety of vegetables.This method zero cost, no pollution has saved resource, protects
Human health has been protected, the ecological balance is maintained, has been that the implementation and application of the nuisanceless and sustainable Control Technology of tetranychid are established
Basis.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 garlic juices repellent activity into mite female to Mite
The egg laying amount of Mite in Fig. 2 garlic juices processing different time
Make the influence to tetranychid population between Fig. 3 garlics and eggplant
Embodiment
The present invention is further explained, it is necessary to explanation is with reference to specific embodiment, protection of the invention
Scope is not limited thereto.
Extract the sociales tetranychid common to vegetable fields to further seek garlic --- the virulence of Mite and its
Field interval plants influence of the garlic to Mite naturally-occurring population quantity, and first in desk research, garlic carries inventor
Influence of the thing to the ovicidal activity of Mite and to the female repellent into mite and oviposition selectivity is taken, while making between have studied field
Influence of the garlic to Mite Natural Population.
Test material：
For examination tetranychid：Mite is female into mite, is collected in spring in 2014 on eggplant field, indoor Kidney bean leaf and raises a generation
It is standby afterwards.
Eggplant：Kind is " miscellaneous No. 16 of circle ".
Garlic：Purchased from Beijing Xinfadi food market.
Ovicidal activity of the garlic P.E of embodiment 1 to Mite
It is prepared by garlic juice：Garlic bulblet 25g after peeling, is put into mortar, grinding, and 500ml glass containers are transferred to after grinding
In, 250ml distilled water is added, sealing preserve uses gauze and filter in 25 ± 1 DEG C, 60%RH growth cabinet after 24h
Paper filters to take clear liquid, standby.Three below concentration is set to carry out the processing of tetranychid ovum.Handle I：1ml garlic juice+9ml distilled water；
Handle II：5ml garlic juice+5ml distilled water；Handle III：10ml garlic juices.
The processing of tetranychid ovum：The Mite hatched at the beginning of 5 is placed on peanut leaf butterfly female into mite, removed after 24h of laying eggs
Into mite, 20 ovum are only left.Leaf butterfly is soaked into leaf 5s in above-mentioned different disposal liquid, distilled water is as blank control, each processing
It is repeated 5 times.Survival and the death condition of ovum are observed after 10 days.
As a result show, garlic juice is diluted to after various concentrations has significant cytotoxicity to the ovum of Mite, with
The rise of garlic juice concentration, the death rate of tetranychid ovum gradually rises.In three processing set, the death rate of ovum in I is only handled
It is not notable with contrast difference, but apparently higher than control；The death rate of ovum is significantly higher than blank pair in processing II and processing III
According to.
Influence of the garlic juice of the various concentrations of table 1 to Mite ovum
| Processing | Ovicidal activity (%) |
| Blank control CK | 10.42±3.68a |
| Handle I (9mL H2O+1mL garlic juices) | 26.96±10.01ab |
| Handle II (5mL H2O+5mL garlic juices) | 44.53±1.92bc |
| Handle III (10mL garlic juices) | 63.53±9.37c |
Note：It is different letter expression significant difference (P in the average value ± standard error of each repetition, same row in table<0.05).
Measure of the garlic P.E of embodiment 2 to Mite repellent activity
With reference to (Chinese Journal of Applied Ecologies, 2003,14 (2) such as all fine jades:Method 249-252).It is specific as follows：By bean seedlings blade
Diameter 8cm disk is cut into middle arteries, and keeps the blade of middle arteries both sides symmetrically consistent, using writing brush by the blade face of vein side
Blade back all smears uniform with garlic treatment fluid, and opposite side is smeared as compareing with the distilled water of garlic treatment fluid same amount, treats leaf
Piece is placed on filter paper after drying, and is attached on 2.5% agar medium；Gently chosen into mite with writing brush by Mite is female
In blade back middle arteries, per leaf 50-60 heads, ware mouthful is sealed with preservative film, be placed in 25 ± 1 DEG C, 60-80%RH, photoperiod L:D=18h：
Cultivated under 6h constant temperature, record respectively after 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h on each blade into mite number and its laying, each place
Reason is repeated 4 times.
As a result show, the Mite of selection distillation water process is female more more than the side that garlic juice is handled into mite quantity, only
Difference is not notable between the two during processing 24h, and when 12h, 48h and 72h, the quantity of tetranychid is all remarkably higher than at garlic juice in control
The side (Fig. 1) of reason.
Tetranychid laying on the blade of garlic juice processing and distillation water process has differences.12h, 24h, 36h after processing
And 72h, tetranychid ovum number is all remarkably higher than the side (Fig. 2) of garlic juice processing in distilled water control.
Make the influence to tetranychid population between the garlic of embodiment 3 and eggplant
In the spring vinyl house (land area is about 4 points) positioned at Beijing Shunyi experimental plot, by eggplant seedling and greatly
Garlic bolt is according to 1:1、2:1、4:1 ratio enters between-line spacing field planting, be spaced between processing at least 5 furrow (per furrow 2 rows) eggplant as every
From band, individually plantation eggplant area is as blank control in addition, and treatment group and control group are using the farming management operation of conventional field.
The generating capacity of tetranychid on each processing eggplant is instituted an inquiry mid-June, investigates weekly once, investigates 4 times altogether.Divide in each processing
Not Tiao Cha 4 points, every investigation 10 plants as a repetition, each point 4 repetitions, altogether investigate 40 plants.
Eggplant and garlic are colonized behind field according to aforementioned proportion, tetranychid sporadicly occurred at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May, dominant species
For Mite.June 17 was investigated for the first time, and each processing middle period mite quantity is all very low, but eggplant and the tetranychid in garlic Jian Zuo areas
Quantity is substantially less than check plot.It is each afterwards to handle the middle period equal rapid increase of mite quantity, leaf between (June 24) each processing after one week
Mite quantity variance is not notable.Into July, the tetranychid quantity of blank control rises rapid, the individual plant mite in July 1 and July 8
Amount is respectively up to 1510.6 heads/plant and 1897 heads/plant, and significantly larger than three treatment groups are significantly higher than eggplant and garlic according to 1：1 He
2：The processing of 1 proportional spacing field planting.When eggplant and garlic are planted according to different proportion, tetranychid naturally-occurring quantity and planting garlic
The negatively correlated relation of height of density, garlic ratio is higher, and tetranychid quantity is lower, and eggplant and garlic ratio are 4：When 1, tetranychid number
It is 1 to measure apparently higher than the two ratio：1 and 2：When 1 (Fig. 3).
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Ecological preventive way of vegetables Mite, it is characterised in that eggplant and garlic are subjected to intercropping plant, also wrapped
The vegetables foliage spray garlic extract included in intercropping plant is used to kill the Mite worm's ovum on vegetable leaf；
The intercropping plant refers to vegetable crop and garlic according to 1：1、2：1 or 4：1 ratio enters between-line spacing plantation；
The garlic extract is garlic clove juice and water with volume ratio 1~10：0~9 ratio is obtained by mixing；
The garlic clove juice is with 1g after garlic clove is ground with distilled water：10ml ratios are mixed, and in 25 ± 1 DEG C, 60%RH people
Filter to take clear with gauze and filter paper after sealing preserve in work climate box, 24h and obtain；
Wherein garlic extract to the toxic effect of Mite worm's ovum is determined by tests below：Three below concentration is set
The processing of tetranychid ovum is carried out, I is handled：1ml garlic juice+9ml distilled water；Handle II：5ml garlic juice+5ml distilled water；Processing
III：10ml garlic juices；
The Mite hatched at the beginning of 5 is placed on peanut leaf butterfly female into mite, removes into mite after 24h of laying eggs, only leave 20 ovum,
Leaf butterfly is soaked into leaf 5s in above-mentioned different disposal liquid, distilled water is as blank control, and each processing is repeated 5 times, and is observed after 10 days
The survival of ovum and death condition；
As a result show, garlic juice is diluted to after various concentrations has significant cytotoxicity to the ovum of Mite, with garlic
The rise of liquid concentration, the death rate of tetranychid ovum gradually rises, in three of setting processing, only handle in I the death rate of ovum with it is right
It is not notable according to difference, but apparently higher than control；The death rate of ovum is significantly higher than blank control in processing II and processing III.
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| CN105165922A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-23 | 太仓市鹿杨蔬果生产专业合作社 | Aphid protection method for ecological fruits and vegetables |
| CN105519595A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-27 | 北京市农林科学院 | Botanical medicament used for preventing and controlling spider mites, and use method thereof |
| CN113647283B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-08-19 | 潍坊学院 | Biological control method for tetranychidae vegetables |
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| CN103416198A (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2013-12-04 | 刘万顺 | Mulberry field red spider prevention method realized by interplanting garlic in mulberry field |
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