CN104582105A - Classroom lighting monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a classroom lighting monitoring system which includes single-chip microcomputer main control module hardware which serves as a core module, an ISP download cable module, a system power supply module, a hardware clock module, a watchdog module, a lighting driver module, a nixie tube driving and displaying module, an ambient light module, an EEPROM memory module, a human presence sensor module and an overtime alarm module. The classroom lighting monitoring system has the advantages that the system uses ambient conditions, such as ambient light and human presence condition, as input parameters of a controller, thereby more effectively reducing the classroom lighting resource cost; and in addition, time control parameters are added, which enables the control over the classroom lighting to be more consistent with the school timetable; the system realizes humanized and intelligent lighting system management and compatibility between automatic and manual lighting control, is suitable for not only classroom lighting management but also the lighting control and management for offices, corridors and the like in universities and colleges, with a broad market prospect.

Description

A kind of classroom lighting supervisory control system

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of intelligent monitoring of electrical equipment use, specifically a kind of classroom lighting supervisory control system.

Background technology

Along with social economy and scientific and technical development, the living standard of people also improves constantly, and causes the aggravation of power load, and again due to global energy crisis, the energy lacks the Tough questions having become the world and faced.And this problem is concerning particularly serious China.Along with the increased enrollment of all kinds of large, special secondary school universities and colleges, the enlarging in classroom, the demand of classroom illumination also gets more and more, and the management of classroom illumination is not in place, often causes the huge waste of electric energy, like this, improves the problem that classroom power consumption efficiency just becomes overriding concern.

Based Intelligent Control at present to light, oneself is through starting to adopt both at home and abroad, but the control to classroom lighting, especially the Based Intelligent Control of China's classroom lighting particularly lacks and imperfection, is still the labor management of traditional type.All kinds of large, the continuous increased enrollment of special secondary school universities and colleges, classroom is constantly extended, and the power load in classroom continues to increase, and the classroom management of power use is not good at, and causes school's waste of energy, economic loss, and this waste and current energy savings theory are disagreed.Moreover modern automation degree improves constantly, popularizing of computer technology, the management of light is also developing towards automation, intelligent direction.Automatic control of such as corridor light etc.All these make classroom lighting control also should towards the future development of intelligence.So, develop easy, practical classroom lighting automatic control system and just have important practical significance.

The primary raw material generated electricity all over the world is coal, oil and natural gas, and the successful experience of Denmark in using energy source provides good reference.Since 1974, although Denmark's national income increases 50%, total the energy consumption of Denmark does not increase.Denmark is energy-output ratio and the minimum country of national income ratio in OECD member state.They constantly provide some energy-saving heating systems, and such as Denmark's thermoelectricity is with supplying cogeneration power plant (CHP), and they are efficent use of resources as much as possible.Like this, their energy uses gross efficiency to reach 90%.Government of Denmark takes much count of the energy-conservation of housing space electricity consumption, and set up the energy-conservation many requirements of newly constructed house.Data show, and when resident enters the house of energy saver, they will pay the expense than not having energy-saving scheme house to exceed 8%.Its Energy-saving Projects experience is wide-spread in European Union member countries.Further, Ou Silang mono-Si Weiniya company constantly releases the fluorescent lamp that novel height exports, and saves the overall system power of 6%, and has the logical and average flux of higher light.The ceramic gold-halogen lamp that Philip Lighting Inc releases replaces tungsten halogen lamp in the past, can save energy the electric energy of 60%.There is some evidence that countries in the world are all taking different modes to carry out energy savings, saves energy.

The high speed development of China's economic lasting for years becomes increasingly conspicuous by energy problem.Although China's energy gross reserves is not low, because China is populous, so reserves are few per capita, the energy consumption of unit output value is 3-10 times of developed country.Energy problem has become the key issue of restriction Chinese national economy development.From environment and natural resources angle, a key factor in Ye Shi China of energy problem long-term sustainable development strategy.In addition, energy problem is relation economic development and environmental ecology not only, also can have a significant impact social stability under specific circumstances.In view of the importance of energy problem, China gives a news briefing in Green Lighting Project, will promote 1.5 hundred million electricity-saving lamps between Green Lighting Project the coming five years in the national buildings such as public utility, hotel, mall, resident residence, and economize on electricity 29,000,000,000 degree of electricity.Some places such as Shanghai, Hebei take government to promote the mode that electricity-saving lamp bulk purchase often only subsidizes 3 to 4 yuan.From ordinary incandescent lamp to energy-efficient lamp, the electric light source products structure of China is progressively changed to electricity-saving type, and the ratio of fluorescent lamp and ordinary incandescent lamp is by the l:1.5 before the l:6.25 of nineteen ninety-five.

At present, China's electric consumption on lighting accounts for 12% of social total electricity consumption, adopts efficient illumination product to replace traditional inefficient illumination product to economize on electricity 60% to 80%.Nowadays, Green Lighting Project is carried out energetically in Beijing, and oneself releases up to a million green illumination light sources and part energy-saving electric appliance, can reach 3,442 ten thousand kilowatt hours, power cost saving 2519.7 ten thousand yuan according to measuring and calculating year electrical energy saving.Government is own through having changed 240,000 energy-saving lamps in mall, school, hospital etc.In the construction of Olympic Games project, also use power-saving technology in a large number, Olympic Games factory of Pekinese shop " the Water Cube ", by adopting a large amount of energy-saving lamps, equipment new technology, can to save lighting energy consumption 50% by strengthening light transmission daytime.

Face so urgent energy problem, we should be placed on the starting point " efficient environmental enhancement guarantor " utilization and " clean " energy.As can be seen here, energy-saving illumination electricity consumption, has great importance to energy-conservation.In current domestic all kinds of universities and colleges, because the conscious awareness of saving energy of classmates is weak, also turn on light when light is enough strong, protect the complete phenomenon ubiquity leaving classroom back light also light yellow on clean class; And energy conservation plan is very short of, the signal light control in classroom is replaced by hand by administrative staff, and classroom is extremely many, and administrative staff are too busy to do it, and so just causes unnecessary waste of energy and economic loss.Be example with regard to my school, rough estimates size classroom has approximately been installed and has been had 5400 lamps, with every day only bright light within 8 hours, calculate, after deducting vacation in 1 year, the power consumption of classroom lamp is about 52.25 ten thousand degree, and school must pay and be about 30.46 ten thousand yuans on the funds of classroom electricity consumption.And calculate to waste electricity consumption in 2 hours every day, within 1 year, approximately to waste the electricity of 13.06 ten thousand degree, account for 1/4th of classroom illumination electricity consumption funds.All kinds of universities of our province and middle and primary schools thereof always have more than 60,000, if all annual waste 13.06 ten thousand degree electricity as my school, our province will waste the electricity of nearly 7,900 ten thousand degree.Cause the significant wastage of electric energy.Moreover the continuous increased enrollment of Mei Suo universities and colleges, classroom is constantly extended, if do not improve the management of power use equipment in classroom again, so power load is well imagined, the electric energy of waste is just more surprising.

Based on above various reasons, improve classroom power consumption efficiency and just become one of energy-conservation important and main measure of school, therefore one of the important means of power-saving technology is exactly that the classroom lamp design of closing automatic control system just becomes a wherein important topic undoubtedly.

Summary of the invention

For the defect of prior art, develop a kind of classroom lighting supervisory control system, realize the hommization intelligent management to illuminator, improve power consumption efficiency; Realize automatic, manual signal light control mutually compatible, to reduce costs, finally reach reliability, practicality, the good target of generalization.The various control programs that the present invention studies classroom lighting solve following key issue:

(1) control loop of lighting loop and the power saving of controller itself;

(2) transducer coordinates the problem of installing with classroom lamp;

(3) environmental light parameter input acquisition problems;

(4) there is sensor parameters input acquisition problems in people;

(5) the compatible measure of the automatic and manual operation of open and close lamp.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, realize the object of foregoing invention, the technical scheme that the invention provides a kind of classroom lighting supervisory control system is, the hardware that this system comprises with single-chip microcomputer main control module for nucleus module, and other peripheral hardware: ISP downloading wire module, system power supply module, hardware clock module, watchdog module, light driver module, charactron drive display module, surround lighting module, EEPROM memory module, human body to there is sensor assembly and overtime alarm module.

Further, described single-chip microcomputer adopts the AT89C52 of Atmel company as main control chip, and be a kind of 8 CMOS technology processors, have 8K online programmable flash storage, the Flash in sheet can repeatedly programme; The EEPROM of RAM and 4KB of 128 bytes is had in sheet.

Further, the described surround lighting module phototriode of selecting sensitivity higher.

Further, there is sensor assembly employing pyroelectric infrared sensor in described human body.

Further, described hardware clock module adopts the real-time timepiece chip DS1302 with the ram register for provisional store data of the low-power consumption 1*8 of charging ability that DALLAS company of the U.S. releases.

Further, described watchdog module adopts the chip X5045 that Xicor company of the U.S. produces.

Further, described system also comprises system software module; This system software module is primarily of system monitoring main program module, data acquisition module, clock module, driver module and system key function and memory module composition.

Further, described system monitoring main program module is divided into monitoring main program and command process subprogram; The basic task of monitoring main program is call subroutine, and a main program can call multiple subprogram, for series monolithic, and limited system resources, namely the process of a main program normally Infinite Cyclic is the process of a call subroutine repeatedly; Subprogram is mainly divided into interruption subroutine and function subprogram, can be nested against one another and call between them, and namely interruption subroutine can calling function subprogram.

Know-why of the present invention is mainly: there is the main input parameter as controller using natural daylight intensity and human body, can realize automatic and manual operation and control compatible mutually.When comparatively high light line is enough for natural environment light, no matter whether people exists, and does not turn on light; When natural environment light is more weak, someone exists and exceedes certain hour, and controller turns on electric light automatically, until people turns off the light after time delay certain hour after leaving again., also will control by the daily schedule, night, more than 12 points, if somebody exists, then closes the operation of automatic controller, uses mechanical switch instead and carry out Non-follow control meanwhile, to solve because of in particular cases, and the not humane operation of automatic controller.

System of the present invention is mainly made up of hardware and software two large divisions.Hardware components is prerequisite, and be the basis that whole system performs, it is mainly the platform that software provides program to run.And software section, be the signal that hardware port is embodied, gathered, analyze, process, finally realize the various functions that controller will realize, reach the classroom illumination Based Intelligent Control that controller automatic and manual operation combines.

This system, using AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer as the intelligent parts of control device, adopts heat to release the existence of infrared human body sensor for human detection, the intensity of the electric circuit inspection surround lighting adopting phototriode to form; According to the condition rationally turned on light in classroom, system, by the identification that there is signal and ambient light signal of human body and intelligent decision, completes the Based Intelligent Control to classroom illumination loop, avoids a large amount of wastes of classroom electricity consumption.System also has multiple warning function; Additionally use the interference protection measures such as " house dog " technology of software/hardware simultaneously.Scm software adopts assembler language establishment, adopts Modular Structure Design, orderliness is clear, versatility good, is convenient to improve and expand.

The control of this classroom lighting system is for core with AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer main control unit, by the driving of interlock circuit, complete the control to system equipment (electric light), adopt the operating state of a diode flickering display whole system, achieve automatically the turning on light of classroom lighting, control of turning off the light.System, while realizing intelligentized control method, is also provided with manually, like this when system intelligence controls to break down once in a while, can adopt manual control, be unlikely to the normal use affecting classroom lighting.In the hardware circuit of system control unit, the simple and easy chip of many employings (ULN2803, DS1302, X5045 etc.), simplify circuit design, save single-chip microcomputer I/0 mouth resource simultaneously, leave space for system further expands.The realization of systemic-function is write by adopting multitask module, eliminates the delay procedure that some are unnecessary, improves the operational efficiency of system.The hardware and software design of system, having good stability through testing tentative confirmation system, improve the utilance of power resource.

From the above technical solution of the present invention shows that, classroom lighting supervisory control system of the present invention is compared with traditional system, and it has following advantage and useful effect:

1. to have volume little for system of the present invention, and it is convenient to control, and reliability is high, and specificity is strong, the advantages such as cost performance is reasonable, can meet the requirement that all kinds of large, special secondary school universities and colleges classroom lighting controls, reach energy-conservation object significantly;

2. system of the present invention can be used for the transformation of existing classroom illumination system, does not need to carry out large change to existing equipment circuit, to reduce costs the Based Intelligent Control achieving classroom lighting.

3. the system of the present invention input parameter that is controller with external environments such as surround lighting, human body existences, more reasonable than simple personal management classroom lighting, the resource expense of more effective reduction classroom lighting; Also add time control parameter simultaneously, make the control of classroom lighting more meet the daily schedule of school.

4. system of the present invention realizes the hommization intelligent management to illuminator, improves power consumption efficiency; Realize automatic, manual signal light control mutually compatible;

5. native system applicability is better, and native system is not only applicable to all kinds of classroom lighting that is large, special secondary school universities and colleges and manages, and is applicable to signal light control and the management of the occasions such as all kinds of office, corridor, wide market yet.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the control unit structured flowchart of classroom lighting supervisory control system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the monitoring main program flow chart of classroom lighting supervisory control system of the present invention;

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, illustrate the present invention further;

As Fig. 1 shows, system control unit is with monolithic main control module for core, and other peripheral circuit mainly comprises: ISP downloading wire module, system power supply module, hardware clock module, watchdog module, light driver module, charactron drive display module, surround lighting module, EEPROM memory module, human body to there is sensor assembly and overtime alarm module.Selection and the principle of the capital equipment in system of the present invention are as follows:

1. the main control module of native system mainly adopts the AT89C52 of Atmel company as main control chip, it is a kind of low-power consumption, 8 CMOS technology processors, has 8K online programmable flash storage, Flash in sheet can repeatedly programme, for online programming provides conveniently.There is the RAM of 128 bytes in sheet, the EEPROM of 4KB, due to rational arrangement and use ram in slice space, so there is no the outer RAM of sheet expanded, make circuit structure simple and direct.Because the parameters of equipment is changed according to actual needs, Seeking Truth power-off can preserve again, and this equipment a slice EEPR0M carrys out the parameters of storage system.

2. whether the surround lighting in classroom and human body exist is the main input parameter of system, and the surround lighting therefore in classroom and human body exist the main object becoming system data acquisition.Common surround lighting sampler photoelectric sensor has photodiode and phototriode, according to demand, selects the phototriode that sensitivity is higher.In addition, human body sensor requires highly sensitive, and reliability is strong, and the human body that native system have employed the HP-208 model that logic level exports exists transducer.

Wherein, photoelectric sensor is a kind of transducer that light can be converted to electricity.Light signal can convert to except the function of the signal of telecommunication except having photodiode by the phototriode adopted, and also has the function of amplifying the signal of telecommunication.Unglazed according to time triode penetrating current very little, for dark current Iceo have illumination time, the Ib of generation increases, and becomes photoelectric current Ie.The size of photoelectric current is directly proportional to intensity of illumination, so just can obtain on load resistance with intensity of illumination change and the signal of telecommunication of change.Therefore phototriode is highly sensitive, and the advantage such as volume is little, operating voltage is low, operating current is little, luminescence is uniform and stable, fast response time, life-span are long.

The various objects that occurring in nature exists, as human body, timber, stone, flame, ice etc. all can send the infrared ray of different wave length, utilize infrared sensor can detect it.According to operation principle, infrared sensor is divided into pattern of fever and quantum type two class, and pattern of fever infrared sensor also claims pyroelectric infrared sensor or Passive Infrared Sensor.What native system adopted is pyroelectric infrared sensor, there is the principle that transducer mainly have employed infrared sensor in human body, it is at present in occasions such as burglar alarm, fire detection, automatically-controlled door, automatic faucet, automatic elevator, automatic illuminatings, and the most widely used transducer in field such as contact-free measurement of temperature.Its reason is: 1. measurand its own transmission infrared ray, separately can establish light source; 2. the air infrared ray absorbing that is called as the specific luminous flux of " atmospheric window " to 2-2.61Lm, 3-51Lm, 8-141Lm tri-is very few, can be very easy to be detected; 3. in, far infrared do not affect by visible ray, can detect day and night.

3. according to classroom lighting operating characteristic, this system also should be subject to the control of time, and the time of control system should meet the daily schedule of school.Such as night have a rest, vacation equal time section should turn off classroom lighting control system, with energy savings, therefore this research also add hardware clock circuit with ensure system intellectuality operation; And the serial clock chip of current trend is a lot, as DS1302, DS1305, DS1307, PCF8485 etc., the interface of these circuit is simple, cheap, easy to use, is widely used.Only need provide power supply to clock circuit when considering that native system has a power failure and not need to take too many mcu resource, the real-time timepiece chip DS1302 with the ram register for provisional store data of the low-power consumption 1*8 of charging ability that native system adopts DALLAS company of the U.S. to release.

4. exploded in a journey in single-chip microcomputer work, inevitably due to the interference in the external world, generating routine race flies, crash and even cause the situations such as complete machine paralysis, in order to the work of single-chip microcomputer can be recovered, the method again resetted can only be adopted, although in programming, one can use the method for software trap to reduce the heavy generation of this feelings, but can not address this problem completely, therefore also watchdog circuit should be used in hardware designs, like this when single-chip microcomputer occurs to crash, house dog by generation summer position signal to single-chip microcomputer, make monolithic processor resetting rerun routine, present MCU is integrated with increasing function, what have is integrated with house dog, as work IMP813L.The chip also had is entered, as X5045 chip also integrated for EEPROM especially.Because system needs house dog and EEPROM, so employ the chip X5045 of Xicor company of U.S. production in this hardware designs.

5. native system adopts overtime warning circuit; In classroom, when controlling according to manual mode, on the one hand due to the carelessness of student and administrative staff, nobody in classroom and lamp also light yellow, cause classroom lamp work time-out, energy waste, so overtime warning circuit, audibly remind administrative staff's whether powered-down.On the other hand because Students ' Learning is nervous, forgotten time point at night, between the learning period, lighting time is long, causes classroom lamp work time-out, so native system time-out warning circuit will be sounded, remind student to have a rest and maybe must use remote controller manual mode instead to control lamp.Like this, communal facility can also be protected better.

Fig. 2 is the monitoring main program flow chart of classroom lighting supervisory control system of the present invention; On the basis of single-chip microcomputer hardware system, then mix corresponding software, a complete system could be formed.This Control System Software module mainly comprises: system monitoring main program module, data acquisition module, clock module, driver module and system key function and memory module.Monitoring program is divided into monitoring main program and command process subprogram by module.The basic task of monitoring main program is call subroutine, and a main program can call multiple subprogram, and for 51 series monolithics, limited system resources, namely the process of a main program normally Infinite Cyclic is the process of a call subroutine repeatedly.Subprogram is mainly divided into interruption subroutine and function subprogram, can be nested against one another and call between them, and namely interruption subroutine can calling function subprogram.In the design of application software, each functional module is write as the form of subprogram as far as possible, and is called by main program.And command process subprogram completes the concrete operations of various order defined, it is further divided into different subroutine modules by various order, it is general always couples together formation Infinite Cyclic remainder, the selectable execution that system all functions are are all gone round and begun again in this circulation.

In sum, because classroom area is different, classroom lighting quantity differs, the quantity of inside, classroom installation Based Intelligent Control equipment also can be different, the quantity that particularly human body sensor uses is subject to the impact of area larger, and the application of a set of classroom lighting control system is also just in limited scope.If classroom area is very large, exceed human body sensor radiation scope, the signal gathered like this may be not accurate enough, and then affect the operation of control appliance.For preventing this phenomenon from occurring, making system more reliable, preferably adopting multiple human body sensor.What human body sensor generally gathered is movable human body, if when human body is static, as the reading that is seated does not have activity, at this moment human body sensor does not have signal to export, and is advisable so be preferably made into by human sensing apparatus to swing in system operation.In native system, the signal of human body sensor collection and the signal of surround lighting collection have restricting relation each other, have close ties; Human body sensor and surround lighting Acquisition Circuit are integrated together, simplify circuit, simplify software program.

Above specification word and accompanying drawing are only explanation of the invention and explanation, in any form the present invention be not construed as limiting and limit, scope of the present invention is as the criterion with claims, and all do not exceed the apparent amendment of present inventive concept, conversion and replacement scheme all within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a classroom lighting supervisory control system, it is characterized in that, this system hardware comprises the single-chip microcomputer main control module of nucleus module, ISP downloading wire module, system power supply module, hardware clock module, watchdog module, light driver module, charactron drive display module, surround lighting module, EEPROM memory module, human body to there is sensor assembly and overtime alarm module.

2. classroom lighting supervisory control system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described single-chip microcomputer adopts the AT89C52 of Atmel company as main control chip, is a kind of 8 CMOS technology processors, have 8K online programmable flash storage, the Flash in sheet can repeatedly programme; The EEPROM of RAM and 4KB of 128 bytes is had in sheet.

3. classroom lighting supervisory control system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the phototriode that described surround lighting module selects sensitivity higher.

4. classroom lighting supervisory control system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described human body exists sensor assembly and adopts pyroelectric infrared sensor.

5. classroom lighting supervisory control system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the real-time timepiece chip DS1302 with the ram register for provisional store data of the low-power consumption 1*8 of charging ability that described hardware clock module adopts DALLAS company of the U.S. to release.

6. classroom lighting supervisory control system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the chip X5045 that described watchdog module adopts Xicor company of the U.S. to produce.

7. classroom lighting supervisory control system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described system also comprises system software module; This system software module is primarily of system monitoring main program module, data acquisition module, clock module, driver module and system key function and memory module composition.

8. classroom lighting supervisory control system according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described system monitoring main program module is divided into monitoring main program and command process subprogram; The basic task of monitoring main program is call subroutine, and a main program can call multiple subprogram, for series monolithic, and limited system resources, namely the process of a main program normally Infinite Cyclic is the process of a call subroutine repeatedly; Subprogram is mainly divided into interruption subroutine and function subprogram, can be nested against one another and call between them, and namely interruption subroutine can calling function subprogram.