CN104574284A - Digital X-ray image contrast enhancement processing method - Google Patents
Digital X-ray image contrast enhancement processing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a digital X-ray image contrast enhancement processing method, and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments. The digital X-ray image contrast enhancement processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: according to X-ray imaging characteristics, dynamically expanding an interesting human body area image, and dynamically compressing non-human body image information, thereby effectively increasing the contrast of interesting area images; implementing detail enhancement and multi-scale contrast resolution enhancement on images adjusted within a dynamic range, and adjusting the naked eye watching effect of acquired images, thereby completely displaying human body information to a diagnosis doctor. The digital X-ray image contrast enhancement processing method has the advantages that human body image details are conspicuously highlighted, all information of the images can be watched in the same window, lung marking, lung marking tail end renal vessels, bone marking, muscle levels, brain vessels and the like can be all clearly displayed, and the diagnosis skill level can be greatly improved. In addition, on the basis of airspace image processing, the method is high in processing speed and can be applied to a dynamic image processing system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of medical instruments.
Background technology
Radioscopic image is current clinical practice one of the most a kind of medical image, its image-forming principle: when X-ray transparent human body, various internal organs, bone is different to the degree of absorption of X ray from tissue, thus different transmitted intensities will be obtained at receiving end, and the change of receiving end transmitted intensity, device can be detected receive, changed by A/D, be sent to computing machine, be rendered as a kind of change of gray scale, therefore the imaging of X ray is exactly the projection imaging of the human body of three-dimensional structure on two-dimensional space, it is the image after human body endothecium structure overlap, due to digital X-ray dynamic range (2
10~ 2
16) relatively wider, and the limitation of eye recognition power, resolving ability is lower than 100 grey levels, therefore, how obtain from radioscopic image the image information that more human eye can identify, namely under a window, presenting all image detail informations, is the key improving medical diagnosis technical merit.
Existing medical image enhancement method is mainly to improve for the purpose of picture contrast, therefore conventional method has greyscale transformation method, image smoothing, noise reduction technology, image sharpening techniques, frequency domain treatment technology etc., above contrast enhancement process is mostly single yardstick Enhancement Method, well image detail information can not be highlighted, therefore the present invention proposes a kind of digital X-ray contrast enhancement processing method, image is first carried out high gray area and compresses the expansion of low gray area by it, carry out multiscale contrast enhancing again, well highlight the detailed information of image.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiency of normal image processing mode, propose a kind of Digitized X-ray image enhancement processing method, the method can meet eye-observation requirement, under same window technique, watch all image informations, greatly improve clinical diagnosis technology level.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: it is characterized in that first carrying out dynamic range expansion height gray area, low gray area dynamic range compression to original image, then carrying out the enhancing process of image detail, concrete steps are:
Step 1: low gray area expansion, high gray area compress technique, after X-ray transparent human body, there is decay in various degree, and substantially lose seldom without the X ray of human body, show on image, human body image information is in low gray area, but not human body image information is in high gray area, for this kind of phenomenon, expansion and the compression of dynamic range can be carried out to image.
Step 2: image detail strengthens technology, the edge of image and fine structure can by improving image high spatial frequencies composition and clearer display, the present invention utilizes template to carry out mean filter to image, original image and filtered image are carried out subtracting each other process and obtains high-frequency information, added in certain proportion in original image by high-frequency information, such marginal information and detailed information obtain reinforcement.
Step 3: high-frequency information and the adjustment of integral image information scales, imagery exploitation template after details strengthens carries out mean filter, image after details being strengthened and filtered image subtract each other, and are added with certain proportion original graph, obtain the image after the adjustment of details ratio.
Step 4: multiscale contrast strengthens, and utilizes Laplce's gold tower algorithm to carry out Image Multiscale Gauss Decomposition, if former figure is I, the I ground floor G as Gauss's gold tower
0, then gaussian filtering and down-sampling are carried out to ground floor image, obtain the second layer of gaussian pyramid, interpolation up-sampling is carried out to second layer information, obtain the image with ground floor same scale, then gaussian filtering is carried out, by G to the image after interpolation
0carry out subtracting each other obtaining residual image with filtered interpolated image, i.e. detail view, repeat above process, after formation Laplacian pyramid repeats N time, obtain the details residual image of every layer, Laplacian pyramid, then each tomographic image detail data is normalized, and do nonlinear transformation process, finally carry out pyramid inverse transformation to the image after nonlinear transformation and rebuild image, the image after being enhanced is the image after required multiscale contrast enhancing.
Step 5: edge strengthens, and in order to strengthen the contrast of regional area, an amplification factor is multiplied by the region faint at image detail level edge, the coefficient that adjustment yardstick is little, to strengthen edge detail information.
Step 6: according to human-eye visual characteristic, the image after being rebuild by pyramid carries out Gamma correction and obtains final effect image.
Effect after contrast strengthen of the present invention: high gray area image information obtains compression, and the image of low gray area obtains expansion, what all image details can be covered all at one glance is presented in face of doctor, improves the display degree of details.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 digital X-ray imaging system block diagram.
Fig. 2 is Laplacian gold tower schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is image processing method process flow diagram.
Fig. 4 is comparison diagram before and after foot's process.
Fig. 5 is comparison diagram before and after the process of lumbar vertebrae normotopia.
Fig. 6 is comparison diagram before and after cervical vertebra process.
Fig. 7 is comparison diagram before and after chest process.
Comparison diagram before and after the process of Fig. 8 head.
Fig. 9 is comparison diagram before and after lateral lumber spine process.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 3 process flow diagram, it is characterized in that: utilize dynamic range of images compress technique and details to strengthen treatment technology, can show all image detail informations under the same window technology, improve diagnostic level and the diagnostic accuracy of doctor, concrete implementation step is as follows:
Step 1, Gray-scale Image Compression expansion technique, in order to the visual signature allowing the intensity profile of image more meet people, log-transformation is adopted to expand low gray area image information, the image information compression of high gray area, because human body information mainly concentrates on low gray area, therefore by log-transformation, the image information contrast of low gray area is improved, and high gray area image obtains compression, algorithmic formula is as follows:
（1）
Wherein
yfor the image after process,
xfor original image,
for certain value, be greater than 1.
Step 2, image border and details strengthen technology, the edge of image and fine structure can by improving image medium-high frequency composition and clearer display, original image is carried out mean filter, obtain average image information, utilize unsharp thought to strengthen the edge of image and trickle mechanism, specific algorithm formula is as follows:
（2）
Wherein
represent that original image, the rear image of process and original image are by gained average image after mean filter respectively,
for difference between image, represent the content of image medium-high frequency composition, and strengthen coefficient
decide the increment of final image medium-high frequency composition.
Step 3, to be obtained image that edge and details strengthen by step 2 after, then carry out the adjustment of detail image information ratio to image, image algorithm formula is as follows:
（3）
Wherein,
x, Y,
be respectively raw video data, image data and the view data of original image after mean filter after process, mean filter window selection is larger, then dynamic range of images is compressed, picture contrast improves, some detail image information are more outstanding after treatment, window acquires a certain degree, such as 15x15, so image detail amplifies a lot, and some tiny details are processed simultaneously, therefore for image enhancement effects, window size is selected should not be too large, otherwise image detail information is portrayed seriously, causes a kind of sensation of vacation.
Step 4, multiscale contrast process, comprise multi-resolution decomposition, non-linear enhancing, multiple dimensioned reconstruct.
Step by step 1: Laplacian algorithm decomposes, if image dynamic gray level is Gray, maximum gray is MaxGray, if input picture X
0carry out Gaussian convolution filtering, obtain smoothed image X ', the image after level and smooth is carried out with 2 being that step-length procession is down-sampled, obtains image X
1, by X
1enter row and column interpolation with step-length 2, obtain
(scale size and X
0identical), then carry out gaussian filtering process, obtain X
0", by input picture X
0with image X
0" carry out subtracting each other and obtain residual image G
0, with X
1repeat above step as input picture, after finally decomposing, obtain residual image G
1g
n-1and lowest resolution image G
n.
Step by step 2: the non-linear enhancing of image detail, by the residual image G obtained
0..., G
n-1, G
ncarry out linear normalization process, nonlinear curve does mapping process curvilinear function and is:
（4）
Wherein
normalized residual image coefficient, p is for strengthening intensity adjustment, and in actual human body image processing process, setting range is generally
,
for the residual image coefficient after Nonlinear Processing; As can be seen from formula (4), select less for p, so the amplitude of image detail enhancing is larger, and p selects larger, then image enhaucament amplitude is less, and as p=1, do not carry out enhancing process, after Nonlinear Mapping, the residual image of every layer is
...,
,
.
Step by step 3: Laplacian Pyramid Reconstruction, as can be seen from Scale Decomposition, the corresponding pyramidal n-th layer in top of gaussian pyramid is right
with step-length 2 procession interpolate value and gaussian filtering process obtain
, by gained after filtering
add to residual image
on, obtain
, that is:
（5）
Repeat step 3 and finally obtain the image after rebuilding
.
Step 5, edge strengthen, and in order to strengthen the contrast of regional area, in the region that image detail level edge is faint, level of detail image is multiplied by amplification coefficient
, the little coefficient of adjustment yardstick, to strengthen edge detail information, because marginal information is high-frequency information, and before Laplce's layering, which floor gives prominence to level for marginal information, therefore carries out details amplification to which floor information front, computing method on each layer:
（6）
Wherein,
the level of detail image number of plies strengthened for needing edge, wherein
be greater than 1.
Step 6, due to human visual system for the sensation of brightness roughly in logarithmic relationship, and in nonlinear relationship, therefore in order to overcome this defect, the present invention adopts gamma correction to compress high luminance area, low-light level district expands, improve the overall brightness harmony of image to a certain extent, gamma correction algorithms formula:
（7）
Wherein,
be respectively image, maximum gray, raw video data, gamma correction coefficient after gamma correction.
Claims (2)
1. a digital X-ray contrast enhancement processing method, it is characterized in that: first dynamic range expansion height gray area, low gray area dynamic range compression is carried out to original image, carry out the enhancing process of image detail again, obtain the detail image information can watched under the same window technology, method step is:
Step 1: the expansion of low gray area, high gray area compress technique;
Step 2: image detail strengthens technology;
Step 3: high-frequency information and the adjustment of integral image information scales;
Step 4: multiscale contrast strengthens;
Step: 5: Edge Enhancement;
Step 6: in conjunction with visual characteristics of human eyes, utilizes Gamma alignment technique to carry out brightness of image adjustment, obtains the image information of applicable human eye viewing.
2. according to a kind of digital X-ray contrast enhancement processing method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: adopt high gray area to compress the multiscale contrast Enhancement Method of low gray area expansion, X ray image detailed information fully can be shown under a window, from medical image, texture on bone, bone, lung's texture, lung line end capillary and the details such as head skeleton and head blood vessel trend all can clearly show, the method, based on spatial processing method, can be used for real-time medical image processing system.
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| CN106097283A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-11-09 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of multiple dimensioned X-ray image Enhancement Method based on human visual system's characteristic |
| CN106169177A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-30 | 北京金山安全软件有限公司 | Image buffing method and device and electronic equipment |
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| CN107369146A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-11-21 | 深圳源广安智能科技有限公司 | A kind of high-performance IR image processing system |
| CN110232668A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-09-13 | 首都师范大学 | A kind of multi-scale image Enhancement Method |
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| WO2021114564A1 (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-17 | 南京莱斯电子设备有限公司 | Enhancement method for low-contrast infrared image |
| CN113724144A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2021-11-30 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | Image processing method and image signal processor on terminal equipment |
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