CN104569033A - Device and method of material sample solidification test for simulating microgravity environment - Google Patents
Device and method of material sample solidification test for simulating microgravity environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device of a material sample solidification test for simulating a microgravity environment. The device comprises a vacuum vessel (1), an electrostatic suspension control and release device (2), a heater (3), a temperature measuring instrument (4), a short drop pipe (5), a recovery tray (6) and a camera (7), wherein the vacuum vessel (1) is a vacuum closed vessel; the electrostatic suspension control and release device (2) is arranged on top inside the vacuum vessel (1) and is used for controlling a material sample to stay in a suspension state or a dropping state; the material sample drops into the recovery tray (6) through the short drop pipe (5), and the recovery tray (6) is arranged on the bottom of the vacuum vessel (1); the heater (3), the temperature measuring instrument (4) and the camera (7) are arranged outside the vacuum vessel (1), and the heater (3) is used for heating the sample to be in a molten state; the temperature measuring instrument (4) is used for measuring the temperature of the material sample; the temperature measuring instrument is connected with the electrostatic suspension control and release device (2) through a signal wire.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to materials sciences in space research field, particularly a kind of device and method of material sample solidification experiments of stimulated microgravity.
Background technology
Materials sciences in space, as the important branch in space science and application, be the traditional extension of material science under space environment, be development material science new theory, explore material new preparation process and expand one of most active frontier nature cross discipline in materials application frontier.Space have microgravity, ultravacuum, without the special effects such as container and intense radiation, be research material melting, the gedanken experiment condition of to solidify etc., but the space resources that people can utilize so far is still very limited.Therefore, in space environmental simulation, the surface process of various effect is arisen at the historic moment.Suspension technology is exactly one of them, it can in space environmental simulation without container state.Suspend without container technique be exactly utilize extraneous physical field to produce acting force to offset the gravity of object, thus make object be in one contactless, without the state of container.It avoid crucible to the contact of material surface and pollution, can suppress heterogeneous forming core, obtaining high undercooling, is the effective means preparing high-purity metastable state new function material.
Suspension mainly contains the modes such as acoustic levitation, electrostatic suspension, magnetic levitation, light suspension, electromagnetic suspension and gas suspension without container technique, and wherein electrostatic suspension is comparatively advanced one.Electrostatic suspension utilizes the Coulomb force be subject to the sample of electrostatic in electrostatic field to offset gravity, realizes without container state.Due to electrostatic suspension without container, high vacuum, high temperature and can stable suspersion be realized, therefore melt hot physical property, cool and solidify, had preliminary application in the synthesis and preparation and Space Experiments etc. of material.But electrostatic suspension equipment bulky complex, involves great expense.
International electrostatic suspension experimental provision, just in the state heating suspended with solidify, although the impact of sample not receptor wall, is still subject to the disturbance of gravity in process of setting, cannot the simulated microgravity process of solidifying.
The ultrahigh vacuum pipe solvent-catalyst free technology that falls is various without the most comprehensive a kind of experimental technique of space environmental simulation in container condensation technology under surface condition, is a kind of important means realizing liquid metal high undercooling.It can close to " microgravity, without container and the ultrahigh vacuum " environment of simulating outer space truly.Its specific practice is fallen in the pipe body that falls of certain altitude by metal bath, and rapid solidification occurs.
The pipe that falls highly is divided into two classes by it: long fall pipe and shortly fall to managing; Length falls pipe generally at more than 10m; Two classes fall pipe due to highly different, and the principle of its solvent-catalyst free is different, and the key distinction how to make metal sample solidify.In length falls pipe, the fall time of sample is 3-5s, and the materials with high melting point drop only having small part small-sized can directly solidify in dropping process, therefore, grows pipe experiment and can carry out in a vacuum, in order to study the impact of microgravity environment on process of setting.The fall gathering speed of end of pipe of length main is in the world very high, can cause the injuries such as distortion to sample; Even if fall, the length of pipe reaches 100 meters, and the cool time of sample is also very short, is merely able to reach 4.6 seconds.Therefore the length setting time without container that pipe can provide that falls is of short duration, and restriction is also many-sided:
(1) because sample is in without under container curing condition in the process of free falling, sample is dispelled the heat by radiation mode (vacuum condition), and radiating condition is restricted.In addition, sample just can only solidify in the cold situation of very large mistake, causes the current pipe condition that falls to be merely able to study materials with high melting point or the very little test specimen of size, and is difficult to carry out for low melting material experiment.The cooling rate theory of heat loss through radiation shows, temperature is lower, and cooling velocity is slower, if the diameter of sample is 3 millimeters, want the degree of supercooling reaching Baidu's magnitude, the fusing point of sample at least will reach more than 1000 DEG C, and the material that can test is restricted.
(2) sample lands in length falls pipe, and the speed before recovery is comparatively large, and the impact in removal process can cause damage to the sample being still in high temperature, and even sample there will be the phenomenons such as recrystallization, masks the extrinsic information of sample.
(3) fall pipe range, and the sample of free falling can encounter the probability increasing of tube wall, and the success ratio of recovery sample reduces.
(4) tube apparatus is grown huge, complicated operation, expensive.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome existing ultrahigh vacuum fall in pipe solvent-catalyst free technology long fall the above-mentioned defect that exists of pipe, propose a kind of electrostatic suspension coordinate short fall pipe microgravity environment under the device and method of material sample solidification experiments, this device comprises an electrostatically suspended control and releasing means, enter after controlled prepared material sample solidifies short fall pipe, avoid short fall in pipe material sample be difficult to the defect of solidifying completely.
To achieve these goals, the present invention proposes a kind of device of material sample solidification experiments of stimulated microgravity, comprising: vacuum tank 1, electrostatically suspended control and releasing means 2, well heater 3, temperature measurer 4, short fall pipe 5, recycling pallet 6 and camera 7; Described vacuum tank 1 is the closed container of a vacuum; Described electrostatically suspended control and releasing means 2 are positioned at the top of vacuum tank 1, are in suspended state or falling state for controlling material sample; Material sample by short fall pipe 5 fall into recycling pallet 6, described recycling pallet 6 is positioned at the bottom of vacuum tank 1, for reclaiming the material sample after solidifying; Described well heater 3, temperature measurer 4 are positioned at outside vacuum tank 1, described well heater 3 for heated sample to molten state; Described temperature measurer 4 is for measuring the temperature of material sample; Be connected by signal wire with described electrostatically suspended control and releasing means 2; .
In technique scheme, described electrostatically suspended control and releasing means 2 comprise electrode 8, position sensor 9, feedback controller 10, high-voltage amplifier 11 and releasing parts 12; It is characterized in that, described position sensor 9, feedback controller 10, high-voltage amplifier 11 are connected successively with electrode 8, for measuring and regulate the position of material sample; Described position sensor 9 is position sensitive detectors or imageing sensor; Described temperature measurer 4 is connected with feedback controller 10; Described releasing parts 12 is the electrode of pull, for make material sample fall into described short fall pipe 5.
In technique scheme, described well heater 3 is semiconductor laser well heater, CO
2laser heater, xenon source or electron-beam heater.
In technique scheme, described temperature measurer 4 is Single wavelength infrared thermometer, Dual-wavelength infrared thermometer, thermal imaging system, thermoelectricity occasionally thermal resistance.
In technique scheme, described short fall the material of pipe 5 be quartz glass or stainless steel; Described short fall the length range of pipe be 0.5m-5m.
In technique scheme, described recycling pallet 6 there is the buffer subsystem of a metal, fall into the impulse force of pallet for padded coaming sample.
Based on the device of the material sample solidification experiments of above-mentioned stimulated microgravity, the invention provides a kind of method of material sample solidification experiments of stimulated microgravity; Specifically comprise the steps:
Step 1) open electrode 8, make material sample be suspended in predetermined levitation position; Open temperature measurer, measure the temperature of material sample;
Step 2) open described well heater 3, material sample is heated to molten state; In the process, the position of described position sensor 9 test constantly material sample, position data is transferred out high-voltage amplifier 11 by described feedback controller 10; When predetermined levitation position is departed from the position of material sample, described high-voltage amplifier 11 changes the electric field force acted on material sample, regulates material sample position with this, makes material sample remain on predetermined levitation position;
Step 3) close described well heater 3 pairs of material samples carry out cooling process;
Step 4) described temperature measurer 4 imports the temperature of material sample into described feedback controller 10, when material sample temperature arrives temperature of solidification critical value, described feedback controller 10 sends instruction closed electrode 8, material sample fall under gravity into described short fall pipe 5;
Step 5) material sample described short fall free-falling in pipe 5, and to solidify completely in micro-gravity conditions, fall into described recycling pallet 6;
Step 6) described camera 7 tracing observation material sample.
In technique scheme, in described step 1) before, also comprise: the temperature of solidification critical value obtaining material sample, concrete steps are:
Step 101) after described well heater 3 heating material sample to molten state, close well heater 3 until material sample solidifies completely, in this process by the temperature data of temperature measurer 4 recording materials sample; And time-temperature curve figure is drawn to the temperature data of record;
Step 102) by step 101) repeatedly carry out N time after, obtain N number of time-temperature curve figure;
Step 103) by N number of time-temperature curve figure, the temperature of solidification critical value of Calculating material sample.
In technique scheme, described step 103) detailed process be:
If the time point that material sample temperature drops to curdled appearance is t
0, the stabilization time that material sample enters microgravity state from gravity state is Δ t, then described electrostatically suspended control and releasing means 2 send the time point released order is t
0-Δ t; T is obtained from N number of time-temperature curve figure
0n number of temperature value that-Δ t time point is corresponding, and this N number of temperature value is averaged, mean value is the temperature of solidification critical value of material sample.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, apparatus structure of the present invention is simple, and easy and simple to handle, cost of manufacture is low;
2, carry out material sample solidification experiments at device of the present invention, recovery sample success ratio is high;
3, carry out material sample solidification experiments at device of the present invention, sample solidifies before recovery, and the fall time that sample falls in pipe is short, and recovery sample process not easily causes damage to sample;
4, device of the present invention can be widely used in materials sciences in space research field.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram of the material sample solidification experiments of stimulated microgravity of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is electrostatically suspended control of the present invention and releasing means internal part annexation schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the solidification processing temperature curve of liquid sample zirconium.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
1, vacuum tank 2, electrostatically suspended control and releasing means 3, well heater
4, temperature measurer 5, short fall pipe 6, recycling pallet
7, camera 8, electrode 9, position sensor
10, feedback controller 11, high-voltage amplifier 12, releasing parts
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of device of material sample solidification experiments of stimulated microgravity, comprising: vacuum tank 1, electrostatically suspended control and releasing means 2, well heater 3, temperature measurer 4, short fall pipe 5, recycling pallet 6 and camera 7; Described vacuum tank 1 is the closed container of a vacuum; Described electrostatically suspended control and releasing means 2 are positioned at the top of vacuum tank 1, are in suspended state or falling state for controlling material sample; Material sample by short fall pipe 5 fall into recycling pallet 6, described recycling pallet 6 is positioned at the bottom of vacuum tank 1, for reclaiming the material sample after solidifying; Described well heater 3, temperature measurer 4 and camera 7 are positioned at outside vacuum tank 1, described well heater 3 for heated sample to molten state; Described temperature measurer 4, for measuring the temperature of material sample, is connected by signal wire with described electrostatically suspended control and releasing means 2.
As shown in Figure 2, described electrostatically suspended control and releasing means 2 comprise electrode 8, position sensor 9, feedback controller 10, high-voltage amplifier 11 and releasing parts 12; It is characterized in that, described position sensor 9, feedback controller 10, high-voltage amplifier 11 are connected successively with electrode 8, for measuring and regulate the position of material sample; Described position sensor 9 is position sensitive detectors or imageing sensor; Described temperature measurer 4 is connected with feedback controller 10; Described releasing parts 12 is the electrode of pull, for make material sample fall into described short fall pipe 5.
Described well heater 3 is semiconductor laser well heater, CO
2laser heater, xenon source or electron-beam heater.
Described temperature measurer 4 is Single wavelength infrared thermometer, Dual-wavelength infrared thermometer, thermal imaging system, thermoelectricity occasionally thermal resistance.
Described short fall the material of pipe 5 be quartz glass or stainless steel; Described short fall the length range of pipe be 0.5m-5m.
Described recycling pallet 6 there is the buffer subsystem of a metal, fall into the impulse force of pallet for padded coaming sample.
Described camera 7 is high speed camera or infrared camera, for tracking observation material sample in experimentation.
In addition, described device also comprises electric charge and supplements light source, for the electric charge that material sample surface in supplementary experimentation is lost.It is deuterium lamp light source, xenon source, mercury lamp light source, ultraviolet laser or X source that described electric charge supplements light source.
Based on the device of the material sample solidification experiments of above-mentioned stimulated microgravity, present invention also offers a kind of method of material sample solidification experiments of stimulated microgravity; Specifically comprise the steps:
Step 1) open electrode 8, make material sample be suspended in predetermined levitation position; Open temperature measurer 4, measure the temperature of material sample;
Step 2) open described well heater 3, material sample is heated to molten state; In the process, the position of described position sensor 9 test constantly material sample, position data is transferred out high-voltage amplifier 11 by described feedback controller 10; When predetermined levitation position is departed from the position of material sample, described high-voltage amplifier 11 changes the electric field force acted on material sample, regulates material sample position with this, makes material sample remain on predetermined levitation position;
Step 3) close described well heater 3 pairs of material samples carry out cooling process;
Step 4) described temperature measurer 4 imports the temperature of material sample into described feedback controller 10, when material sample temperature arrives temperature of solidification critical value, described feedback controller 10 sends instruction closed electrode 8, material sample fall under gravity into described short fall pipe 5;
Step 5) material sample described short fall free-falling in pipe 5, and to solidify completely in micro-gravity conditions, fall into described recycling pallet 6;
Step 6) described camera 7 tracing observation material sample.
In described step 1) before, also comprise: the temperature of solidification critical value obtaining material sample, concrete steps are:
Step 101) after described well heater 3 heating material sample to molten state, close well heater 3 until material sample solidifies completely, in this process by the temperature data of temperature measurer 4 recording materials sample; And time-temperature curve figure is drawn to the temperature data of record;
In the present embodiment, with zirconium ball for material sample, its process of setting time-temperature curve as shown in Figure 3.
Step 102) by step 101) repeatedly carry out N time after, obtain N number of time-temperature curve figure;
Step 103) by N number of time-temperature curve figure, the temperature of solidification critical value of Calculating material sample.
If the time point that material sample temperature drops to curdled appearance is t
0, the stabilization time that material sample enters microgravity state from gravity state is Δ t, then described electrostatically suspended control and releasing means 2 send the time point released order is t
0-Δ t; T is obtained from N number of time-temperature curve figure
0n number of temperature value that-Δ t time point is corresponding, and this N number of temperature value is averaged, mean value is the temperature of solidification critical value of material sample.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted.Although with reference to embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, do not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a device for the material sample solidification experiments of stimulated microgravity, comprising: vacuum tank (1), electrostatically suspended control and releasing means (2), well heater (3), temperature measurer (4), short fall pipe, recycling pallet (6) and camera (7); It is characterized in that, described vacuum tank (1) is the closed container of a vacuum; Described electrostatically suspended control and releasing means (2) are positioned at the top of vacuum tank (1), are in suspended state or falling state for controlling material sample; Material sample by short fall pipe (5) fall into recycling pallet (6), described recycling pallet (6) is positioned at the bottom of vacuum tank (1), for reclaiming the material sample after solidifying; Described well heater (3), temperature measurer (4) and camera (7) are positioned at vacuum tank (1) outward, described well heater (3) for heated sample to molten state; Described temperature measurer (4) is for measuring the temperature of material sample; Be connected by signal wire with described electrostatically suspended control and releasing means (2).
2. the device of the material sample solidification experiments of stimulated microgravity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described electrostatically suspended control and releasing means (2) comprise electrode (8), position sensor (9), feedback controller (10), high-voltage amplifier (11) and releasing parts (12); Described position sensor (9), feedback controller (10), high-voltage amplifier (11) are connected successively with electrode (8), for measuring and regulate the position of material sample; Described position sensor (9) is position sensitive detectors or imageing sensor; Described temperature measurer (4) is connected with feedback controller (10); The electrode that described releasing parts (12) is pull, for make material sample fall into described short fall pipe (5).
3. the device of the material sample solidification experiments of stimulated microgravity according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described well heater (3) is semiconductor laser well heater, CO
2laser heater, xenon source or electron-beam heater.
4. the experimental provision that solidifies of the material sample of stimulated microgravity according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described temperature measurer (4) is Single wavelength infrared thermometer, Dual-wavelength infrared thermometer, thermal imaging system, thermoelectricity occasionally thermal resistance.
5. the device of the material sample solidification experiments of stimulated microgravity according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the described short material falling to managing (5) is quartz glass or stainless steel; Described short fall the length range of pipe be 0.5m-5m.
6. the device of the material sample solidification experiments of stimulated microgravity according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described recycling pallet (6) has the buffer subsystem of a metal, falls into the impulse force of pallet for padded coaming sample.
7. a method for the material sample solidification experiments of stimulated microgravity, the device of the experiment that the material sample based on the stimulated microgravity one of claim 2-6 Suo Shu solidifies realizes, and described method comprises the steps:
Step 1) open electrode (8), make material sample be suspended in predetermined levitation position; Open temperature measurer (4), measure the temperature of material sample;
Step 2) open described well heater (3), material sample is heated to molten state; In the process, the position of described position sensor (9) test constantly material sample, position data is transferred out high-voltage amplifier (11) by described feedback controller (10); When predetermined levitation position is departed from the position of material sample, described high-voltage amplifier (11) changes the electric field force acted on material sample, regulates material sample position with this, makes material sample remain on predetermined levitation position;
Step 3) close described well heater (3) to material sample carry out cooling process;
Step 4) described temperature measurer (4) imports the temperature of material sample into described feedback controller (10), when material sample temperature arrives temperature of solidification critical value, described feedback controller (10) sends instruction closed electrode (8), material sample fall under gravity into described short fall pipe (5);
Step 5) material sample described short fall free-falling in pipe (5), and to solidify completely in micro-gravity conditions, fall into described recycling pallet (6);
Step 6) described camera 7 tracing observation material sample.
8. the method for the material sample solidification experiments of stimulated microgravity according to claim 7, is characterized in that, in described step 1) before, also comprise: the temperature of solidification critical value obtaining material sample, concrete steps are:
Step 101) after described well heater (3) heating material sample to molten state, close well heater (3) until material sample solidifies completely, in this process by the temperature data of temperature measurer (4) recording materials sample, and time-temperature curve figure is drawn to the temperature data of record;
Step 102) by step 101) repeatedly carry out N time after, obtain N number of time-temperature curve figure;
Step 103) by N number of time-temperature curve figure, the temperature of solidification critical value of Calculating material sample.
9. the method for the material sample solidification experiments of stimulated microgravity according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described step 103) detailed process be:
If the time point that material sample temperature drops to curdled appearance is t
0, the stabilization time that material sample enters microgravity state from gravity state is Δ t, then described electrostatically suspended control and releasing means (2) send the time point released order is t
0-Δ t; T is obtained from N number of time-temperature curve figure
0n number of temperature value that-Δ t time point is corresponding, and this N number of temperature value is averaged, mean value is the temperature of solidification critical value of material sample.
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