CN104568622A - Method for measuring powder hardness - Google Patents
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- CN104568622A CN104568622A CN201410714200.3A CN201410714200A CN104568622A CN 104568622 A CN104568622 A CN 104568622A CN 201410714200 A CN201410714200 A CN 201410714200A CN 104568622 A CN104568622 A CN 104568622A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring powder hardness. The method comprises the following steps: putting powder material into a heating container, placing the heating container on a heat source, and heating until reaching the melting point of the powder material; after the powder material is completely melted, cooling to the room temperature to form a thin film; taking out the thin film and measuring the hardness of the thin film by a hardness meter. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of being high in operability, accurate in measurement result and high in reproducibility, and being used for measuring in the general routine laboratory; the method provides reliable reference basis for the precise measurement of the powder. Furthermore, the method provides effective guarantee for development, production and quality control of powder products.
Description
Technical field
the present invention relates to a kind of measuring method of powder hardness, belong to material science.
Background technology
The ability that opposing hard object in material local is pressed into its surface is called hardness.Solid to external world object invasion local resistivity, be the index of more various material soft or hard.Owing to defining different method of testings, so there is different hardness standards.The mechanics implication of various hardness standard is different, mutually can not directly convert, but is contrasted by test.
Softness is:
(1) scratch hardness.
Be mainly used in the soft or hard degree comparing different minerals.As far back as 1822, as far back as 1822, Friedrich mohs proposes a kind of method for expressing of scratch hardness, that is: weigh object the hardest and the softest in the world with 10 kinds of mineral, this is so-called mohs hardness meter.This hardness test is a kind of test method the most simple in mechanical test.According to the method, soft or hard degree is divided into ten grades: 1) talcum, 2) gypsum, 3) kalzit, 4) fluorite, 5) apatite, 6) orthoclase, 7) quartz, 8) topaz, 9) corundum, 10) adamas.
(2) penetration hardness.
Be mainly used in metal material, method is, by certain load, the pressure head of regulation is pressed into measured material, compares the soft or hard of measured material with the size of material surface local plastic deformation.Due to the difference of pressure head, load and bearer duration, penetration hardness has multiple, and mainly Brinell hardness, Rockwell's hardness, Vickers hardness and microhardness etc. are several.
Brinell hardness (HB) is the test load with a certain size, harden steel ball or the sintered carbide ball of certain diameter is pressed into tested metal surface, keeps stipulated time, then off-load, measure measured surface impression diameter.Ball hardness number is the business of load divided by impression spherical watch area gained.Be generally: with the harden steel ball press-in material surface of certain load by a certain size, keep a period of time, after unloading, the ratio of load and its area of indentation, be ball hardness number (HB), unit represents with [N (kgf/mm2)].In production, conventional HB method measures through annealing, normalizing and modified steel part, and blank or half-finished hardness such as cast iron, non-ferrous metal, low-alloy structural steel.
Vickers hardness (HV), English name Vickers-hardness represents a kind of standard of material hardness, is that Britain Smith (R.L.Smith) and Sai Delande (C.E.Sandland) proposed in nineteen twenty-five.Vickers-Armstrong (Vickers-Armstrong) company of Britain has manufactured experimently the sclerometer that First carries out testing in this approach.With 49.03 ~ 980.7N(5kg ~ 10kg) load, be the square pyramidal diamond injector pressure material surface of 136 ° by opposite face angle, after keeping the stipulated time, with measurement impression catercorner length, then calculate the size of hardness by formula.It is applicable to larger workpiece and comparatively deeply feels the Determination of Hardness of surface layer.Vickers hardness still has Smaller load Vickers hardness, test load 1.961 ~ 49.03N, and it is applicable to the Determination of Hardness of thinner workpiece, tool surfaces or coating; Micro-vickers hardness, test load <1.961N, is applicable to the Determination of Hardness of metal forming, very thin superficial layer.Vickers measurement range is broad, can measure current industrial used almost whole metal materials, all can measure from very soft material (several Vickers unit) to very hard material (3000 Vickers units).
Shore hardness, i.e. Shore hardness (Shore scleroscope hardness), be called for short HS.Represent a kind of standard of material hardness.First proposed in 1907 by British Xiao Er (Albert F. Shore) (being also referred to as Shao Er, shore hardness).Shore durometer is used for rubber-based products Shore durometer number and measures.Its principle: tool effigurate steel pressure pin ﹐ under test force effect vertical pressing in sample table face ﹐ when pressure enough surperficial fit completely with specimen surface time ﹐ pressing tip surface is relative presses sufficient plane to have certain extension elongation L (pressing pricks the degree of depth into measured object), characterize the size of shore hardness with the size of L value, otherwise the larger ﹐ of L value represents that the lower ﹐ of Shao Er hardness is higher.China in this respect standard adopts HA and HD two kinds, and wherein HA be the comparatively soft rubber class hardness parameter pressings of 35 degree of cone angles (adopt), and HD is harder rubber or plastic hardness parameter (pressings of employing 30 degree of cone angles).
Barcol hardness, Ba Keer (Barcol) hardness (abbreviation Barcol hardness), proposed by Barber-Colman company of the U.S. the earliest, it is a kind of hardness class extensively adopted in the world modern age, the hard steel pressing of definite shape, under the effect of standard spring test force, pressing in sample surface, with the compression distance determination material hardness of pressing, it is a Barcol hardness unit that definition is often pressed into 0.0076mm.Barcol hardness unit representation is HBa.
Knoop hardness, is the hardness recorded as absolute figure, mainly in processing, uses this numerical value.In general, adamantine Knoop hardness is 7000 ~ 8000 kilograms of/square millimeter of webster hardness, the hard steel pressing of definite shape, specimen surface is pushed down in the effect of standard spring test force, with the compression distance determination material hardness of pressing, the compression distance of definition 0.01mm is a webster hardness unit.Webster hardness unit representation is HW.
Microhardness: impression is minimum, can be classified as Non-Destructive Testing one class; Be applicable to measure the part that such as clock and watch are more small, and the hardness of the cementation zone such as surface carburization, nitrogenize.Except positive rectangular pyramid diamond penetrator, also have triangle pyramid, biconial, hull bottom shape, double columnar form pressure head, be applicable to the hardness measuring special material and shape.For membraneous material, especially ganoine thin film, as TiN, CrN etc., hardness is a very crucial mechanical performance index.But because the thickness of film is usually at several micron even Nano grade, so there is many difficulties in the hardness test of film.What current application was more is direct method of testing, i.e. hardness method and Using Nanoindentation.
Hardness method generally adopts Vickers or Nu Shi pressure head to measure hardness, corresponding Vickers hardness (HV) and Knoop hardness (HK) respectively.When measuring hardness, the suitable loaded load of selection standard regulation and loading speed, keep certain hour, adopts suitable impression measurement mechanism test impression diagonal averages, by tabling look-up or calculating surveyed hardness number.
Using Nanoindentation be measure material hardness (
h) and elastic modulus (
e) etc. the promising approach of mechanical parameter, utilize test load-displacement (
p-
h) curve, by Oliver-Pharr method, the consistency and elasticity modulus of material can be obtained.When measuring film hardness, it is by measuring the compression distance conversion area of indentation, thus the many difficulties that when avoiding side crops industry to be pressed into, impression diagonal line is measured, accuracy just can improve greatly.The technology being entered depth survey hardness number by pressure measurement can reduce the impact of matrix hardness on film hardness, and the error simultaneously produced is little compared with the cornerwise error of direct pressure measurement trace.But Using Nanoindentation is high to specimen surface conditions dictate.
(3) scleroscopic hardness.
Be mainly used in metal material, method makes a special hand hammer impact the sample of measured material from certain altitude free-falling, and with sample stores in impact process (then release) strain energy number (being measured by the height of rebound of hand hammer) determine the hardness of material.Striker is knock-oned by application elastic resilience method from the surface that certain altitude falls tested material.Striker is a cuspidated conelet of tool, and tip often studs with diamond.Test number is 1000x striker return speed/striker initial velocity (velocity ratio be before and after collision is multiplied by 1000).
Lee ' hardness represents with HL, and lee ' hardness measuring technology is by Switzerland Di Erma, and inner uncle doctor invention, it is the impact body that tungsten carbide bulb is housed with certain mass, impacts surface of test piece, then rebound under the effect of certain force.Because material hardness is different, the bounce-back speed after shock is also different.Percussion mechanism is provided with permanent magnetic material, and when impact body moves up and down, its peripheral coil just induces the electromagnetic signal be directly proportional to speed, then converts lee ' hardness value to by electronic circuit.
Because powder self directly cannot measure hardness, and most of qualimeter is all measurement for the flat surface of planar solid (or film) and designs, although hardness method and Using Nanoindentation can measure the hardness of a part of powder, but instrument price is expensive, daily servicing cost is high, require also very harsh to powder material and surface state, the daily product quality monitoring being not suitable with domestic consumer uses.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for current the deficiency existing for powder hardness assay method, a kind of accurate quantification is provided to measure the method for powder hardness, that is: be the solid with flat surface by dusty material sample preparation, adopt existing hardness measurement instrument equipment simple and easy to get to carry out hardness measurement to it.The method have workable, measurement result is accurate, reappearance is high, can carry out the advantage measured at general Routine Test Lab, and provides reliable reference frame for the contrast of hardness between powder.
Object of the present invention can be reached by following measures:
The measuring method of powder hardness: powder material is put into a heating container, is placed on thermal source and is heated to, on this powder melting point substance, after complete melting, be cooled to room temperature and become film, measure its hardness after taking-up with hardness tester.
Powder material in the present invention is one or more mixing in organic material, inorganic material.Wherein optional one or more mixing in tygon, Polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, polymethylmethacrylate, poly terephthalic acid binaryglycol ester, poly terephthalic acid dibutylene glycol ester, nylon, polycarbonate, rubber, cellulose acetate, fumaric acid, benzoic acid, hexane diacid, stearic acid, starch of organic material.Inorganic material can be selected from one or more mixing in boric acid, zinc paste, magnesium oxide, titania, calcium carbonate, aluminium oxide, silicon dioxide, activated charcoal, talcum powder, attapulgite.The particle diameter of powder material is 10 ~ 2000 microns.
One or more mixing in the material chosen from Fe of the heating container in the present invention, copper, aluminium, zinc, titanium, lead, tin, stainless steel, stainless iron, pottery, porcelain, gold, silver, platinum.
Thermal source in the present invention can be selected from the one or more combination in electric heater, microwave applicator, electromagnetic heater, heating power, the heat of transformation, preferred electric heater or electric hot plate.
Hardness tester in the present invention is selected from the one or more combination in shore hardness instrument, scratch hardness instrument, Brinell hardness instrument, Vickers hardness instrument, hardness leeb instrument, Barcol hardness instrument, Knoop hardness instrument, microhardness instrument, nanometer penetration hardness instrument, preferably adopts shore hardness instrument.
Compared with prior art, method of the present invention, have workable, measurement result is accurate, reappearance is high, can carry out the advantage measured at general Routine Test Lab, the Accurate Measurement for powder provides reliable reference frame.In addition, the present invention is that powder product exploitation, production and quality control provide effective guarantee.
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of measuring method of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) powder hardness, comprise the following steps: PMMA powder (particle diameter 20 microns) is put into porcelain crucible, being placed on electric hot plate is heated on this powder melting point substance (130 DEG C), after complete melting, be cooled to room temperature and become film, take out film, measuring its hardness with shore hardness instrument (D type) is 82H.
Embodiment 2
A kind of measuring method of tygon (PE) powder hardness, comprise the following steps: PE powder (particle diameter 1580 microns) is put into porcelain crucible, being placed on electric hot plate is heated on this powder melting point substance (112 DEG C), after complete melting, be cooled to room temperature and become film, take out film, measuring its hardness with shore hardness instrument (D type) is 43H.
Embodiment 3
A kind of measuring method of boric acid powder hardness, comprise the following steps: boric acid powder (particle diameter 300 microns) is put into stainless steel crucible, being placed on spirit lamp is heated on this powder melting point substance (236 DEG C), after complete melting, be cooled to room temperature and become film, take out film, measuring its hardness with scratch hardness instrument is 2 grades.
The above; be only the better embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to therewith, be anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a measuring method for powder hardness, is characterized in that powder material to put into heating container, is placed on thermal source and is heated to, on this powder melting point substance, after complete melting, be cooled to room temperature and become film, measure its hardness after taking-up with hardness tester.
2. the measuring method of powder hardness according to claim 1, is characterized in that described powder material is one or more mixing in organic material, inorganic material.
3. the measuring method of powder hardness according to claim 2, is characterized in that described organic material is selected from one or more mixing in tygon, Polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, polymethylmethacrylate, poly terephthalic acid binaryglycol ester, poly terephthalic acid dibutylene glycol ester, nylon, polycarbonate, rubber, cellulose acetate, fumaric acid, benzoic acid, hexane diacid, stearic acid, starch.
4. the measuring method of powder hardness according to claim 2, is characterized in that described inorganic material is selected from one or more mixing in boric acid, zinc paste, magnesium oxide, titania, calcium carbonate, aluminium oxide, silicon dioxide, activated charcoal, talcum powder, attapulgite.
5. the measuring method of powder hardness according to claim 1, is characterized in that the particle diameter of described powder material is 10 ~ 2000 microns.
6. the measuring method of powder hardness according to claim 1, is characterized in that one or more mixing in the material chosen from Fe of described heating container, copper, aluminium, zinc, titanium, lead, tin, stainless steel, stainless iron, pottery, porcelain, gold, silver, platinum.
7. the measuring method of powder hardness according to claim 1, is characterized in that described thermal source is selected from the one or more combination in electric heater, microwave applicator, electromagnetic heater, heating power, the heat of transformation.
8. the measuring method of powder hardness according to claim 1, is characterized in that described hardness tester is selected from the one or more combination in shore hardness instrument, scratch hardness instrument, Brinell hardness instrument, Vickers hardness instrument, hardness leeb instrument, Barcol hardness instrument, Knoop hardness instrument, microhardness instrument, nanometer penetration hardness instrument.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN106290028A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2017-01-04 | 江苏联瑞新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of method of testing characterizing CCL powder body material Mohs' hardness |
| CN107421831A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2017-12-01 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | A kind of characterizing method of rutile titanium dioxide powder hardness |
| CN111238975A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-06-05 | 山西省交通科技研发有限公司 | Method for determining discrete hardness of different phases of road stones |
| CN111397993A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-07-10 | 江苏佰健环保科技有限公司 | Mohs hardness detection method for thermosensitive fine granular material |
| CN113820235A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-12-21 | 荣盛盟固利新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery hardness detection device and method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106290028A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2017-01-04 | 江苏联瑞新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of method of testing characterizing CCL powder body material Mohs' hardness |
| CN107421831A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2017-12-01 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | A kind of characterizing method of rutile titanium dioxide powder hardness |
| CN107421831B (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2020-02-07 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | Characterization method of hardness of rutile type titanium dioxide powder |
| CN111238975A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-06-05 | 山西省交通科技研发有限公司 | Method for determining discrete hardness of different phases of road stones |
| CN111397993A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-07-10 | 江苏佰健环保科技有限公司 | Mohs hardness detection method for thermosensitive fine granular material |
| CN111397993B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2022-09-06 | 江苏佰健环保科技有限公司 | Mohs hardness detection method for thermosensitive fine granular material |
| CN113820235A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-12-21 | 荣盛盟固利新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery hardness detection device and method |
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Application publication date: 20150429 |