CN104562003B - 一种高温抗氧化复合涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高温抗氧化复合涂层及其制备方法。该复合涂层为先通过包埋渗铝技术,在基材上渗入铝,形成渗铝层,再通过化学镀技术,在渗铝层上沉积Ni‑P镀层,形成高温抗氧化复合涂层;所述包埋渗铝技术的渗剂组分按重量百分比为:Al2O3粉85~89%、Al粉9~11%、NaF粉2~4%;所述化学镀技术的镀液配方为:硫酸镍25~35g/L、次亚磷酸钠15~25g/L、柠檬酸三钠15~20g/L、氯化铵10~25g/L、乙酸钠15~25g/L。本发明制备的复合涂层,与基材结合好,涂层均匀致密,能明显提高铌及铌合金的高温抗氧化和抗腐蚀性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高温防护涂层技术领域,具体来说涉及一种高温抗氧化复合涂层及其制备方 法。
背景技术
高温防护涂层主要应用于航空航天、核工业及燃气轮机等工业制造的热端部件。金属铌 具有熔点高、密度小及高温比强度大等优点,被认为是最有潜力代替现有镍基合金的高温结 构材料。但是铌及铌合金的抗氧化性较差,纯金属Nb在600℃下发生灾难性“粉化”氧化现 象,其氧化属于具有明显氧化物层裂纹的体系,随着氧化层的增厚,氧化物与金属界面上产 生的内应力会使氧化层开裂,随后发生灾难性氧化。因此,提高铌及铌合金的抗高温氧化性, 在其表面形成保护性氧化膜,是拓宽其应用的关键。
合金化和表面涂层保护能有效提高金属的抗氧化性,合金化通常以损失强度和加工性能 为代价,而表面加涂层保护对金属的力学性能影响很小,并能显著提高抗氧化性,实验证明 是切实可行的途径。相关应用的文献如:①申请号为201210237037.7的中国专利,公开了一 种低密度铌合金高温抗氧化材料及由其制备高温抗氧化涂层的方法,该专利采用表面涂覆方 法,将按重量计组分为“B为0.5wt%,Si为10wt%,T i为2wt%,Ge为1.5wt%,M。为1wt%, HfO2为0.8wt%,W为0.7wt%,S为0.25wt%,余量为Al”的材料涂覆在基材表面,有效 解决了低密度铌合金在800℃以上,尤其是在1100℃上下大气环境中剧烈氧化问题,最大程 度的保留合金的高温力学性能,同时扩大低密度铌合金适用范围并延长其使用寿命。②申请 号为201110024937.9的中国专利,公开了一种在铌钨合金上制备高温抗氧化涂层的方法,该 专利主要是通过用冷喷涂和激光熔覆技术在铌钨合金(Nb521)表面制备高温抗氧化纳米复合 涂层,该方法令涂层粉体间组织紧密,大大提高了涂层的致密性;③申请号为200610137224.2 的中国专利,公开了一种高温抗氧化材料及由其制备的高温抗氧化涂层,该专利主要是通过 将高温抗氧化材料制成粉末,加入其他涂料混合后涂覆于基体后进行熔烧制备涂层进行熔烧, 该涂层具有抗氧化腐蚀、抗冲刷等性能,并能够广泛应用在发动机喷嘴、涡轮叶片、燃烧室 以及其他高温结构部件上;④申请号为200710192652.X的中国专利,公开了一种铌合金高温 抗氧化硅化物涂层及其制备方法,该专利首先在铌合金基体表层通过真空烧结粒度钼层,然 后在氩气保护下,通过包渗硅化制备涂层,该方法制备的涂层组分和厚度较均匀,致密度较 料浆反应烧结法有较大提高,且工艺简单,对设备要求低。本发明采用包埋渗铝技术及化学
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对铌及铌合金高温抗氧性差的缺点,利用化学镀技术和包埋渗技术, 提供一种新型的高温抗氧化复合涂层及其制备方法,较大幅度的提高了复合涂层的高温抗氧 化效果,延长铌及铌合金的使用寿命。
本发明的技术方案为:
一种高温抗氧化复合涂层,先通过包埋渗铝技术,在基材上渗入铝,形成渗铝层,再通 过化学镀技术,在渗铝层上沉积Ni-P镀层,形成高温抗氧化复合涂层;
所述包埋渗铝技术的渗剂组分按重量百分比为:Al2O3粉85~89%、Al粉9~11%、NaF粉 2~4%;
所述化学镀技术的镀液配方为:硫酸镍25~35g/L、次亚磷酸钠15~25g/L、柠檬酸三钠 15~20g/L、氯化铵10~25g/L、乙酸钠15~25g/L。
以上所述的高温抗氧化复合涂层,所述基材优选为铌或铌合金,也可为其他的耐高温的 材料。
一种以上所述高温抗氧化复合涂层的制备方法,包括前处理、包埋渗铝、化学镀预处理、 制备Ni-P镀层步骤:
1.前处理:将基材先后在丙酮和无水乙醇中分别超声清洗各10min,吹干;
2.包埋渗铝:按如下重量百分比配制渗剂:Al2O3粉85~89%、Al粉9~11%、NaF粉2~ 4%,混匀研磨,将充分混匀的渗剂及前处理好的基材置管式炉中,抽真空至2×10-1~3×10-1Pa, 管式炉升温速率为6~7℃/min,在温度为850~950℃的炉温下保温3~4小时,保温完成后, 随炉冷却到室温,得到渗铝层;
3.化学镀预处理:将前处理好的基材放入配方为“15~20g/LSnCl2、3.5~4%盐酸(体积 比,其中盐酸浓度为36~38%)”的水溶液中进行敏化,敏化时间为2min,水洗,再放入配方 为“0.002~0.003g/L PbCl2、3.5~4%盐酸(体积比,其中盐酸浓度为36~38%)”的水溶液 中进行活化,活化时间为5min,水洗;
4.制备Ni-P镀层:按如下配方配制镀液:硫酸镍25~35g/L、次亚磷酸钠15~25g/L、 柠檬酸三钠15~20g/L、氯化铵10~25g/L、乙酸钠15~25g/L,用氨水调节镀液的pH值至7.5~9.0,将经包埋渗铝并预处理好的基材悬挂于镀液中,置温度为70~85℃的水浴锅中反 应0.5~1.5小时,得到高温抗氧化复合涂层。
以上所述的高温抗氧化复合涂层,所述基材优选为铌或铌合金,也可为其他的耐高温的材料,如金属、合金等。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明采用包埋渗技术和化学镀技术制备的复合涂层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察:表 面呈胞状物结构,胞状物之间结合紧密,无裂纹、孔洞现象,涂层表明结构致密。
2.该复合涂层是在基材表面渗入铝再镀Ni-P镀层,区别于其他直接将Al、Ni等元素添 加到铌及铌合金的方法,本发明在渗铝过程中将Al渗透至基材内层,发生明显的扩散,再镀 Ni-P镀层,复合涂层截面主要含渗Al涂层、Ni-P镀层,涂层与镀层、基材之间结合力均紧 密、良好,是一种新型合金化手段,具有良好的抗腐蚀性和耐磨性。
3.该复合涂层能有效延长铌及铌合金的使用寿命。涂层表面富Al、Ni,在高温环境中生 成连续致密的Al2O3膜、AlNi相、NiO相等,从而延缓涂层的退化,表现出良好的抗高温氧化 性能,高温氧化增重试验表明,1000℃的高温抗氧化性能比基材提高25~59倍。
4.通过控制沉积参数可获得不同成分和厚度的涂层,工艺简单且重复性好,可用于工业 大面积制备。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1复合涂层XRD图谱
图2为本发明实施例1复合涂层表面形貌
图3为本发明实施例1复合涂层截面形貌
图4为本发明实施例1复合涂层在1000℃氧化20h的XRD图谱
图5为本发明实施例1复合涂层在1000℃氧化20h的截面形貌
图6为本发明实施例2复合涂层截面形貌
图7为本发明实施例2复合涂层在1000℃氧化20h的XRD图谱
图8为本发明基材与实施例1、实施例2复合涂层的样品在1000℃氧化20h的氧化增重 曲线
图9为本发明实施例3复合涂层在1000℃氧化20h的表面形貌
图3、5、6、8中的序号分别为:
1.Ni-P镀层;2.渗铝层;3.基材;4.Al2O3膜;5.复合涂层;
(a)实施例2样品(b)实施例1样品(c)铌合金基材
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例及附图对本发明作进一步描述,但不限制本发明的保护范围和应用 范围。
一、抗高温氧化复合涂层的制备方法
实施例1
一种高温抗氧化复合涂层的制备方法,包括以下操作步骤:
1.前处理:将铌合金基材(其元素含量为:Hf 10.0%,Ti 1.30%,Zr 0.34%,W0.31%, Ta 0.30%,C<0.005%,N<0.014%,O<0.013%,余量为Nb)先后在丙酮和无水乙醇中分别 超声清洗各10min,吹干;
2.包埋渗铝:按如下重量百分比配制渗剂:Al2O3粉87%、Al粉10%、NaF粉3%,混匀研 磨,将充分研磨的渗剂及前处理好的铌合金基材置管式炉中,抽真空至3×10-1Pa,管式炉升 温速率为7℃/min,在温度为950℃的炉温下保温4小时,保温完成后,随炉冷却到室温,得 到渗铝层,厚度为60~70μm;
3.化学镀预处理:将渗铝好的铌合金基材放入配方为“20g/LSnCl2、4%盐酸”的水溶液 中进行敏化,敏化时间为2min,水洗,再放入配方为“0.003g/L PbCl2、4%盐酸”的水溶液 中进行活化,活化时间为5min,水洗;
4.制备Ni-P镀层:按如下配方配制镀液:硫酸镍30g/L、次亚磷酸钠20g/L、柠檬酸三 钠18g/L、氯化铵18g/L、乙酸钠20g/L,用氨水调节镀液的pH值至8.0,将经包埋渗铝并预处理好的铌合金基材悬挂于镀液中,置温度为80℃的水浴锅中反应1.0小时,得到厚度为20~30μm的Ni-P镀层,即得。
实施例2
一种高温抗氧化复合涂层的制备方法,包括以下操作步骤:
1.前处理:将铌合金基材(其元素含量为:Hf 10.0%,Ti 1.30%,Zr 0.34%,W0.31%, Ta 0.30%,C<0.005%,N<0.014%,O<0.013%,余量为Nb)先后在丙酮和无水乙醇中分别 超声清洗各10min,吹干;
2.包埋渗铝:按如下重量百分比配制渗剂:Al2O3粉85%、Al粉11%、NaF粉4%,混匀研 磨,将充分混匀的渗剂及前处理好的铌合金基材置管式炉中,抽真空至2×10-1Pa,管式炉升 温速率为6℃/min,在温度为850℃的炉温下保温3小时,保温完成后,随炉冷却到室温,得 到渗铝层,厚度为50~60μm;
3.化学镀预处理:将渗铝好的铌合金基材放入配方为“15g/LSnCl2、3.5%盐酸”的水溶 液中进行敏化,敏化时间为2min,水洗,再放入配方为“0.002g/L PbCl2、3.5%盐酸”的水 溶液中进行活化,活化时间为5min,水洗;
4.制备Ni-P镀层:按如下配方配制镀液:硫酸镍35g/L、次亚磷酸钠25g/L、柠檬酸三 钠20g/L、氯化铵25g/L、乙酸钠25g/L,用氨水调节镀液的pH值至7.5,将经包埋渗铝并预处理好的铌合金基材悬挂于镀液中,置温度为70℃的水浴锅中反应1.5小时,得到厚度为20~30μm的Ni-P镀层,即得。
实施例3
一种高温抗氧化复合涂层的制备方法,包括以下操作步骤:
1.前处理:将铌基材先后在丙酮和无水乙醇中分别超声清洗各10min,吹干;
2.包埋渗铝:按如下重量百分比配制渗剂:Al2O3粉89%、Al粉9%、NaF粉2%,混匀研磨, 将充分混匀的渗剂及前处理好的铌基材置管式炉中,抽真空至2×10-1Pa,管式炉升温速率为 7℃/min,在温度为900℃的炉温下保温4小时,保温完成后,随炉冷却到室温,得到渗铝层, 厚度为55~65μm;
3.化学镀预处理:将渗铝好的铌基材放入配方为“18g/LSnCl2、3.5%盐酸”的水溶液中 进行敏化,敏化时间为2min,水洗,再放入配方为“0.003g/L PbCl2、4%盐酸”的水溶液中 进行活化,活化时间为5min,水洗;
4.制备Ni-P镀层:按如下配方配制镀液:硫酸镍25g/L、次亚磷酸钠25g/L、柠檬酸三 钠15g/L、氯化铵25g/L、乙酸钠15g/L,用氨水调节镀液的pH值至9.0,将经包埋渗铝并预处理好的铌基材悬挂于镀液中,置温度为85℃的水浴锅中反应0.5小时,得到厚度为20~30μm 的Ni-P镀层,即得。
二、抗高温氧化复合涂层的结构表征
将实施例制得的高温抗氧化复合涂层,分别利用XRD衍射检测涂层的物相结构,利用扫 描电镜(SEM)观察涂层的表面和截面形貌,测定结果详见图1-图9。
1.实施例1测定结果情况。
图1表明:复合涂层主要由Al3Nb和非晶Ni相组成。
图2表明:复合涂层表面呈胞状物结构,胞状物之间结合紧密,无裂纹、孔洞现象。
图3表明:复合涂层截面主要含渗铝层、Ni-P镀层,渗铝层与镀层、基材之间结合力均 紧密、良好。
图4表明:经过1000℃氧化20h,样品表面主要生成了Al2O3、AlNi、NiO相。
图5表明:经过1000℃氧化20h后,复合涂层的表面生成连续的Al2O3膜,且Al2O3膜与 复合涂层之间有明显的分界线,涂层与基材之间无脱落现象,结合良好。
图8表明:实施例1样品1000℃氧化20h后增重7.2114mg/cm2,而铌合金基材经过1000 ℃氧化20h后增重为254.0653mg/cm2,说明含复合涂层的样品高温抗氧化性好,经过计算是 铌合金基材的25~59倍。
2.实施例2测定结果情况。
图6表明:复合涂层有明显的渗铝层和Ni-P镀层,渗铝层与基材、Ni-P镀层之间结合 良好,无脱落现象。
图7表明:经过1000℃氧化20h后,复合涂层的表面生成了连续、致密的Al2O3膜、NiO相、NiNb2O6相等。
图8表明:实施例2样品1000℃氧化20h后增重为9.8976mg/cm 2,而铌合金基材经过 1000℃氧化20h后增重为254.0653mg/cm2,说明含复合涂层的样品高温抗氧化性好,经过计 算是铌合金基材的25~56倍。
3.实施例3测定结果情况。
图9表明:复合涂层经过1000℃氧化20h后,表面呈块状物结构,块状物生长、分布均 匀,无明显裂纹出现,涂层组织较为完整,说明复合涂层有良好的高温抗氧化性。
Claims (1)
1.一种高温抗氧化复合涂层的制备方法,包括前处理、包埋渗铝、化学镀预处理、制备Ni-P镀层步骤,其特征在于:
所述包埋渗铝步骤为:按如下重量百分比配制渗剂:Al2O3粉85~89%、Al粉9~11%、NaF粉2~4%,混匀研磨,将充分混匀的渗剂及前处理好的基材置管式炉中,抽真空至2×10-1~3×10-1Pa,管式炉升温速率为6~7℃/min,在温度为850~950℃的炉温下保温3~4小时,保温完成后,随炉冷却到室温,得到渗铝层;
所述化学镀预处理步骤为:将包埋渗铝后的基材放入配方为15~20g/LSnCl2、体积比为3.5~4%盐酸的水溶液中进行敏化,敏化时间为2min,水洗,再放入配方为0.002~0.003g/L PbCl2、体积比为3.5~4%盐酸的水溶液中进行活化,活化时间为5min,水洗;
所述制备Ni-P镀层步骤为:按如下配方配制镀液:硫酸镍25~35g/L、次亚磷酸钠15~25g/L、柠檬酸三钠15~20g/L、氯化铵10~25g/L、乙酸钠15~25g/L,用氨水调节镀液的pH值至7.5~9.0,将经包埋渗铝并化学镀预处理好的基材悬挂于镀液中,置温度为70~85℃的水浴锅中反应0.5~1.5小时,得到高温抗氧化复合涂层。
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