CN104553841B - 用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的系统和方法 - Google Patents
用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的方法。具体而言,该燃料电池车辆的空气供应通过以下步骤控制:计算当前能在车辆中使用的可用功率;基于上述计算得到的可用功率和驱动电动机中所需的功率,计算上述驱动电动机的电动机驱动需求功率;根据电池的荷电状态(SOC),基于所需的充电需求功率和上述计算得到的电动机驱动需求功率,计算上述燃料电池中所需的电池堆需求功率;和根据上述计算得到的电池堆需求功率,控制供往上述燃料电池的空气供应。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的系统和方法,并且更具体涉及基于当前可以在车辆中使用的可用功率计算实际所需空气供应量由此能够提高燃料效率的用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的方法。
背景技术
燃料电池车包括:燃料电池堆(Fuel Cell Stack),其中依次叠层有多个用作动力源的燃料电池;燃料供应系统,配置为向燃料电池堆供应作为燃料的氢等;空气供应系统,配置为供应作为电化学反应所需氧化剂的氧,和水和热管理系统,配置为控制燃料电池堆的温度,等等。
具体地,燃料供应系统使储氢罐内的压缩氢减压从而将减压后的氢供应到电池堆的阳极,空气供应系统使鼓风机工作从而将外部空气供应到电池堆的阴极。
当氢被供应到电池堆的阳极并且氧被供应到阴极时,氢离子在阳极通过催化反应分离。被分离的氢离子通过电解质膜输送到负极,(即,阴极),在阳极分离的氢离子和电子在负极与氧发生电化学反应,从而获得电能。
在燃料电池堆中产生的电能的一部分可以通过逆变器(inverter)用作驱动电动机的动力源,并且可以通过转换器(converter)用于对高电压电池充电。
当加速踏板、制动踏板和齿轮(gear)等的位置输入到控制器时,控制器可以向电动机控制单元发布命令,以便控制驱动电动机,其中电动机控制单元相应地控制驱动电动机转速和扭矩。
通常,燃料电池车辆的空气供应控制是通过基于功率计算用于驾驶者的加速请求的扭矩而进行的。在这种情况下,需求大于当前可用功率的空气供应量,这可能导致燃料效率和性能的下降。
发明内容
本发明致力于提供一种用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的系统和方法,该系统和方法能够基于当前可用功率和电动机转速计算可用限制扭矩,由此控制空气供应。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,提供一种用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的方法,该方法包括:由控制器,计算当前能在车辆中使用的可用功率;由上述控制器,基于上述计算得到的可用功率和驱动电动机中所需的功率,计算上述驱动电动机的电动机驱动需求功率(motoring request power);由上述控制器,根据用于向上述车辆的上述电动机提供动力的电池(高电压电池)的荷电状态(SOC:State Of Charge),基于所需的充电需求功率(charging request power)和上述计算得到的电动机驱动需求功率,计算上述燃料电池中所需的电池堆需求功率(stack request power);和根据上述计算得到的电池堆需求功率,控制供往上述燃料电池的空气供应。
上述可用功率可以基于当前能在上述燃料电池中使用的可用功率和在上述高电压电池中计算得到的放电功率而计算。上述燃料电池的当前可用功率可以根据当前供应到上述燃料电池的空气供应量而确定。
上述电动机驱动需求功率可以基于最终扭矩值计算,上述最终扭矩值为根据上述可用功率计算得到的可用限制扭矩与根据加速踏板的运动计算得到的驱动扭矩之和。
用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的方法,还可以包括:基于上述最终扭矩值,驱动上述驱动电动机。上述充电需求功率可以是基于上述高电压电池的目标SOC与当前SOC之差而确定的。
可以基于上述电池堆需求功率计算上述燃料电池中所需的空气流量,并且可以根据上述计算得到的空气流量控制鼓风机的电动机转速,其中上述电池堆需求功率是上述电动机驱动需求功率与上述充电需求功率之和。
附图说明
结合附图,通过以下详细说明,将会更清楚地理解本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点,其中:
图1是示出本发明的示例性实施例的燃料电池车辆中的部件的电连接状态的示意图。
图2是示出本发明的示例性实施例的燃料电池车辆的空气供应控制的流程的示意图。
图3是示出本发明的示例性实施例的用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的方法的示意图。
图4是本发明的示例性实施例的通过应用用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的方法而得到的模拟结果表。
具体实施方式
在本说明书或本申请中公开的本发明的示例性实施例中的特定结构和功能描述是为了描述本发明的的示例性实施例而示出的,因此,本发明的示例性实施例可以以各种形式实施,而不应解释为本发明仅限于在本说明书或本申请中公开的本发明的示例性实施例。
本发明的示例性实施例可以进行各种修改并具有各种形式,因此,在附图中示出特定示例性实施例,并且将在本说明书或本申请中进行详细描述。但是,应该理解,本发明不限于这些特定实施例,而是包括被包括在本发明的精神和范围内的所有修改形式、等同形式、和替代形式。
例如“第一”、“第二”之类的术语可以用来描述各种部件,但是这些部件不应该被解释为仅限于这些术语。这些术语仅用于区分一个部件与另一个部件。例如,“第一”部件可以被命名为“第二”部件,类似地,“第二”部件也可以被命名为“第一”部件,而不偏离本发明的范围。
应该理解,当一个元素(元件)被称为“连接到”或“结合到”另一元素(元件)时,它可以直接连接到或直接结合到另一元素(元件),或者也可以在具有介于其间的其他元素(元件)的状态下,连接到或结合到另一元素(元件)。在另一方面,应该理解,当一个元素(元件)被称为“直接连接到”或“直接结合到”另一元素(元件)时,它可以在没有介于其间的其他元素(元件)的状态下连接到或结合到另一元素(元件)。描述部件间关系的其他表达方式,即“在…之间”、“直接在…之间”、“与…相邻”、“直接与…相邻”等等,应该做类似的理解。
在本说明书中使用的术语仅用来描述特定示例性实施例,而不是限制本发明。单数形式旨在包括复数形式,除非上下文中另行明确指出。还应当理解,在本说明书中使用的术语“包括”或“具有”指定所述特征、步骤、操作、部件、部分或其组合的存在,但不排除一个或更多个其他特征、数字、步骤、操作、部件、部分、或其组合的存在或添加。
除非另行指出,应该理解,在本说明书中使用的所有术语,包括技术和科学术语,其含义均与本领域技术人员所理解的含义相同。必须理解,由辞典定义的术语与现有技术语境中的含义一致,而它们不应该理想地或过于拘泥形式地定义,除非上下文中另行明确指出。
在下文中,将参考附图,详细描述本发明的示例性实施例。每个附图中提出的相同附图标记表示相同部件。
本文使用的术语仅仅是为了说明示例性实施方式的目的而不是意在限制本发明。如本文所使用的,单数形式“一个、一种(a、an和the)”也意在包括复数形式,除非上下文中另行明确指出。还应该理解,在说明书中使用的术语“包括(comprises和/或comprising)”是指存在所述特征、整数(Integer,整体)、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件,但是不排除存在或添加一个或多个其它特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其群组。如本文所使用的,术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关所列项目的任何和所有组合。
应理解,本文使用的术语“车辆”(vehicle)或“车辆的”(vehicular)或其它类似术语包括通常的机动车,例如,包括多功能运动车(SUV)在内的乘用车、公交车、卡车、各种商务车、包括各种船只和船舶的水运工具、飞行器等等,并且包括混合动力车、电动车、插入式混合电动车、氢动力车、燃料电池车辆和其它代用燃料车(例如,来源于石油以外的资源的燃料)。如本文所提到的,混合动力车是具有两种或多种动力源的车辆,例如,具有汽油动力和电动力的车辆。
此外,应该理解下述方法由至少一个控制器执行。术语“控制器”是指包括存储器和处理器的硬件装置,该处理器配置为执行应释为其算法结构的一个或多个步骤。该存储器配置为存储上述算法步骤,而处理器具体配置为执行上述算法步骤,以便执行下面进一步描述的一个或多个进程。
此外,本发明的控制逻辑也可具体化为计算机可读介质上的非瞬时性计算机可读介质,该计算机可读介质包含由处理器、控制器等执行的可执行程序指令。计算机可读介质的例子包括但不限于ROM、RAM、CD-ROM(只读光盘),磁带、软盘、闪盘(flash drive)、智能卡和光学数据存储装置。计算机可读记录介质也可分布在连接网络(network coupled)的计算机系统中,以便例如通过远程服务器或控制器区域网络(CAN:Controller AreaNetwork)以分布形式存储和执行计算机可读介质。
图1是示出本发明的示例性实施例的燃料电池车辆中的部件的电连接状态100的示意图。如图1所示,使用燃料电池(fuel cell)和电池(battery)(例如,高电压电池20)作为动力源的燃料电池车辆可以包括:燃料电池10,配置为用作主动力源并向车辆的驱动系统供应动力;总线终端(bus terminal)16,配置为将燃料电池10和高电压电池20与第一逆变器42、鼓风机30等连接;高电压DC/DC转换器22,配置为从燃料电池10接收动力;高电压电池20,配置为接收由高电压DC/DC转换器22降低的电压;和鼓风机30,配置为包括第二逆变器32、电动机34、和鼓风机风扇36。第一逆变器42配置为转换电力,以便驱动驱动电动机40等。
具体而言,燃料电池10和高电压电池20通过总线终端16并联连接到负载,例如第一逆变器42和电动机40,并且也并联连接到鼓风机30。连接到高电压电池20的高电压DC/DC转换器24连接到燃料电池10的输出侧的总线终端16,以便控制输出到总线终端16的输出电压,从而控制燃料电池10的输出和高电压电池20的输出。
第一逆变器42对从燃料电池10或高电压电池20供应的电源进行相变(phase-change),并将相变后的电源供应到电动机40,从而使电动机40旋转。电动机40的驱动配置为包括:仅使用燃料电池10的输出的燃料电池模式、仅使用高电压电池20的输出的EV模式、和同时使用燃料电池10和高电压电池20的输出的混合动力模式。
燃料电池10和高电压电池20的输出侧连接到鼓风机30的输入侧并连接到第二逆变器32作为用于旋转鼓风机30的电动机34的功率模块,鼓风机30的电动机34经驱动使鼓风机风扇36旋转,使得空气可以供应到燃料电池10。
图2是示出本发明的示例性实施例的燃料电池车辆的空气供应控制的流程的示意图。参考图1和图2,燃料电池车辆200中的车辆控制器(未示出)可以通过输入单元220接收来自诸如制动器等制动装置202的制动信号、来自驾驶者为了加速而踩踏的加速踏板204的加速信号,来自车速传感器(未示出)的燃料电池车辆的当前行驶速度206的信号、来自燃料电池10的燃料电池功率208的信号、和来自高电压电池20的功率210的信号。车辆控制器可以基于接收信号控制驱动电动机40的驱动、鼓风机30的空气供应量等等。
具体而言,驱动扭矩230可以根据驾驶者的加速请求,即,加速踏板被驾驶者踩踏的量而计算,可用功率240可以基于燃料电池10的当前可用功率208和从高电压电池20放出的功率210而计算。而且,在基于高电压电池20的功率210的信号的荷电状态(SOC:StateOfCharge)保持控制逻辑中,可以计算高电压电池20的充电所需的充电需求功率260。更具体而言,充电需求功率260可以基于高电压电池20的目标SOC与当前SOC之差,即目标充电量与当前充电量之差而计算。
车辆控制器可以基于计算得到的可用功率240和驱动电动机40所需的功率,计算驱动电动机40的电动机驱动需求功率250。具体而言,车辆控制器可以通过对基于计算得到的可用功率240计算的可用限制扭矩242和根据加速踏板204的运动计算的驱动扭矩230求和,获得最终扭矩值232,并且可以基于计算得到的最终扭矩值232计算电动机驱动需求功率250。这样,驱动电动机40可以基于计算得到的最终扭矩值232驱动。
此外,燃料电池10中所需的电池堆需求功率270可以基于电动机驱动需求功率250和充电需求功率260计算。车辆控制器可以根据计算得到的电池堆需求功率270执行空气流量控制280。这样做时,空气流量控制280可以通过改变鼓风机30的电动机34的转速的转速控制而执行。即,电池堆需求功率270可以是通过对电动机驱动需求功率250和充电需求功率260求和获得的值,车辆控制器可以基于电池堆需求功率270计算燃料电池10中所需的空气流量,并根据计算得到的空气流量控制鼓风机30的电动机34的转速,从而控制供往燃料电池10的空气供应量。
图3是示出本发明的示例性实施例的用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的方法的示意图。参考图1至图3,车辆控制器计算当前可以使用的可用功率240(S301)。车辆控制器基于可用功率240计算可用限制扭矩242并基于加速踏板的踩踏程度通过对基于驱动电动机40中所需的功率的驱动扭矩230和计算得到的可用限制扭矩242求和而计算电动机驱动需求功率250(S303)。另外,与此不同,车辆控制器计算作为高电压电池20的SOC保持控制所需的功率的充电需求功率260(S305)。燃料电池10的电池堆需求功率270通过对充电需求功率260和电动机驱动需求功率250求和而计算(S307)。车辆控制器可以控制鼓风机30的电动机34转速,以便基于电池堆需求功率控制燃料电池10中所需的空气流量(S309)。
即,本发明的示例性实施例的用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的方法可以将扭矩值限制在当前可以使用的可用功率240之内,并且可以增加电池堆需求功率270以能够反映取决于驾驶者对加速踏板的踩踏程度的加速意图,并增加可用来使可用限制扭矩242能够增加的可用功率240。
图4是通过应用本发明的示例性实施例的用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的方法而得到的模拟(simulation)结果表。图4是示出现有技术的由虚线表示的鼓风机转速控制命令信号和燃料电池车辆的速度的曲线和示出使用用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的方法的情形的鼓风机30转速控制命令信号和燃料电池车辆的速度的曲线。这些曲线示出随时间推移的控制命令信号的施加和车速。
鼓风机30可以配置为,根据在可用功率240之内计算的最终扭矩值232、电池堆需求功率270、和鼓风机30电动机34转速的控制,仅供应与燃料电池10中所需的空气供应量对应的空气供应量,其中上述可用功率240是燃料电池10的当前可用功率与在高电压电池20中计算的放电功率之和,该燃料电池10的当前可用功率可以基于当前被供应的空气量计算,上述电池堆需求功率270基于最终扭矩值232计算。因此,就本发明的示例性实施例的空气供应控制而言,用于使鼓风机30的风扇旋转的命令可以在晚于现有技术的时间施加,因此它是更精确的控制方法和系统。
即,由于空气在比基于加速踏板的踩踏程度而执行控制的时间晚的时间通过可旋转地驱动鼓风机30而供应,因此现有技术的由于来自鼓风机30的空气过剩而引起的损失可以降低,从而燃料电池车辆的燃料效率可以提高。而且,就本发明的示例性实施例的鼓风机30的驱动而言,可以理解,与现有技术相比,在加速性能上的差异是微小的。具体而言,加速性能,就现有技术来说,达到100kph,就本发明的示例性实施例来说,达到96kph,这样加速性能在现有技术与本发明之间差异在本质上是微小的。
根据本发明的示例性实施例的用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的方法,通过基于当前可以在车辆中使用的可用功率计算燃料电池堆中所需的功率并且通过计算实际所需的空气供应量来控制空气供应量,从而降低了由于空气的过度供应而引起的损失并提高了燃料电池车辆的燃料效率。
而且,可以防止可能由于空气的过量供应而引起的燃料电池内部干燥所致的性能降低。因此,在行驶期间,燃料电池性能可以保持恒定。
虽然已通过参考附图所示的实施例描述了本发明,但是它们仅是实例。本领域技术人员会理解根据本发明,可以有各种修改形式和其他等效实施例。因此,本发明的实际技术保护范围必须由所附权利要求的精神来确定。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于控制燃料电池车辆的空气供应的方法,其特征在于,包括:
由控制器,计算当前能在车辆中使用的可用功率;
由所述控制器,基于所述计算得到的可用功率和驱动电动机中所需的功率,计算所述驱动电动机的电动机驱动需求功率;
由所述控制器,根据高压电池的荷电状态SOC,基于所需的充电需求功率和所述计算得到的电动机驱动需求功率,计算燃料电池中所需的电池堆需求功率;和
根据所述计算得到的电池堆需求功率,控制供往所述燃料电池的空气供应,
所述可用功率基于当前能在所述燃料电池中使用的可用功率和在所述高压电池中计算得到的放电功率而计算,
所述电动机驱动需求功率基于最终扭矩值计算,所述最终扭矩值为根据所述可用功率计算得到的可用限制扭矩与根据加速踏板的运动计算得到的驱动扭矩之和。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
所述燃料电池的当前可用功率根据当前供应到所述燃料电池的空气供应量而确定。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
基于所述最终扭矩值,驱动所述驱动电动机。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
所述充电需求功率是基于所述高压电池的目标SOC与当前SOC之差而确定的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
在所述控制的步骤中,基于所述电池堆需求功率计算所述燃料电池中所需的空气流量,并且根据所述计算得到的空气流量控制鼓风机的电动机转速,其中所述电池堆需求功率是所述电动机驱动需求功率与所述充电需求功率之和。
6.一种包含由控制器内的处理器执行的程序指令的非瞬时性计算机可读介质,所述计算机可读介质的特征在于,包括:
计算当前能在车辆中使用的可用功率的程序指令;
基于所述计算得到的可用功率和驱动电动机中所需的功率,计算所述驱动电动机的电动机驱动需求功率的程序指令;
根据高压电池的荷电状态SOC,基于所需的充电需求功率和所述计算得到的电动机驱动需求功率,计算燃料电池中所需的电池堆需求功率的程序指令;和
根据所述计算得到的电池堆需求功率,控制供往所述燃料电池的空气供应的程序指令,
所述可用功率基于当前能在所述燃料电池中使用的可用功率和在所述高压电池中计算得到的放电功率而计算,
所述电动机驱动需求功率基于最终扭矩值计算,所述最终扭矩值为根据所述可用功率计算得到的可用限制扭矩与根据加速踏板的运动计算得到的驱动扭矩之和。
7.根据权利要求6所述的非瞬时性计算机可读介质,其特征在于:
所述燃料电池的当前可用功率根据当前供应到所述燃料电池的空气供应量而确定。
8.根据权利要求6所述的非瞬时性计算机可读介质,其特征在于,还包括:
基于所述最终扭矩值,驱动所述驱动电动机的程序指令。
9.根据权利要求6所述的非瞬时性计算机可读介质,其特征在于:
所述充电需求功率是基于所述高压电池的目标SOC与当前SOC之差而确定的。
10.根据权利要求6所述的非瞬时性计算机可读介质,其特征在于:
基于所述电池堆需求功率计算所述燃料电池中所需的空气流量,并且根据所述计算得到的空气流量控制鼓风机的电动机转速,其中所述电池堆需求功率是所述电动机驱动需求功率与所述充电需求功率之和。
11.一种控制器,其特征在于,包括:
存储器,配置为储存一个或更多可编程指令;和
处理器,配置为执行所述一个或更多可编程指令,所述处理器配置为:
计算当前能在车辆中使用的可用功率;
基于所述计算得到的可用功率和驱动电动机中所需的功率,计算所述驱动电动机的电动机驱动需求功率;
根据高压电池的荷电状态SOC,基于所需的充电需求功率和所述计算得到的电动机驱动需求功率,计算燃料电池中所需的电池堆需求功率;和
根据所述计算得到的电池堆需求功率,控制供往所述燃料电池的空气供应,
所述可用功率基于当前能在所述燃料电池中使用的可用功率和在所述高压电池中计算得到的放电功率而计算,
所述电动机驱动需求功率基于最终扭矩值计算,所述最终扭矩值为根据所述可用功率计算得到的可用限制扭矩与根据加速踏板的运动计算得到的驱动扭矩之和。
12.根据权利要求11所述的控制器,其特征在于:
所述燃料电池的当前可用功率根据当前供应到所述燃料电池的空气供应量而确定。
13.根据权利要求11所述的控制器,其特征在于,所述处理器进一步配置为:
基于所述最终扭矩值,驱动所述驱动电动机。
14.根据权利要求11所述的控制器,其特征在于:
所述充电需求功率是基于所述高压电池的目标SOC与当前SOC之差而确定的。
15.根据权利要求11所述的控制器,其特征在于:
基于所述电池堆需求功率计算所述燃料电池中所需的空气流量,并且根据所述计算得到的空气流量控制鼓风机的电动机转速,其中所述电池堆需求功率是所述电动机驱动需求功率与所述充电需求功率之和。
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