CN104542025B - Early screening method for good varieties of bundle plant type nobile-type dendrobium - Google Patents
Early screening method for good varieties of bundle plant type nobile-type dendrobium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种丛株型春石斛优良品种早期筛选方法，该方法包括以下几个步骤：a.测定一年生幼苗休止叶期叶数及节数；b.取叶数和节数均值，分别代入对应的线性方程y1=2.061x1（叶数）‑8.060、y2=1.534x2（节数）‑7.654，计算春石斛成花品质综合得分；c.根据春石斛成花品质综合得分和品种等级划分参考标准，预测春石斛成花品质。本发明提供了一种丛株型春石斛优良品种早期筛选的方法，提高了品种筛选效率，缩短了筛选周期，节约了生产成本。The invention discloses an early screening method for fine varieties of dendrobium dendrobium of cluster type, which comprises the following steps: a. measuring the number of leaves and nodes in the resting leaf stage of annual seedlings; b. taking the average value of the number of leaves and the number of nodes, respectively Substitute into the corresponding linear equation y 1 =2.061x 1 (number of leaves)-8.060, y 2 =1.534x 2 (number of nodes)-7.654 to calculate the comprehensive score of flowering quality of Dendrobium dendrobii; c. According to the comprehensive score of flowering quality of Dendrobium spring and the reference standard for the classification of species grades to predict the flowering quality of Dendrobium officinalis. The invention provides a method for early screening of fine varieties of dendrobium dendrobii of cluster type, which improves the efficiency of variety screening, shortens the screening cycle and saves production costs.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及植物品种筛选方法，特别涉及一种丛株型春石斛品种早期筛选的方法。The invention relates to a method for screening plant varieties, in particular to a method for early screening of cluster-type dendrobium species.
背景技术Background technique
春石斛因花型花色丰富、花期长等特点深受全球消费者青睐，是当今日、英、美等国非常流行的高档盆花。Spring Dendrobium is favored by consumers all over the world because of its rich flower shapes and colors and long flowering period. It is a very popular high-end potted flower in countries such as today, Britain, and the United States.
春石斛盆花的株型可分为单株型和丛株型，前者有明显的主枝，分枝少，一般只主枝开花，且开花节数较多，植株高大、粗壮；后者主枝不明显，分枝较多，开花枝数量≥2，总枝数量≥4，植株相对低矮、假鳞茎较细。The plant type of spring dendrobium potted flowers can be divided into single plant type and cluster plant type. The former has obvious main branches with few branches, generally only the main branches bloom, and the number of flowering nodes is more, the plants are tall and strong; the latter main branches Not obvious, with many branches, the number of flowering branches ≥ 2, the number of total branches ≥ 4, the plant is relatively low, and the pseudobulbs are thin.
由于春石斛是多年生植物，营养期较长，栽培养护三年才能开花。采用传统大面积试种的方法，筛选周期长，生产成本高。因此，进行春石斛优良品种早期筛选的研究十分必要。As Dendrobium dendrobii is a perennial plant with a long vegetative period, it takes three years of cultivation and maintenance to bloom. The traditional large-area trial planting method has a long screening cycle and high production costs. Therefore, it is very necessary to conduct research on the early screening of fine varieties of Dendrobium officinalis.
CN201310397973.9公开了一种春石斛优良品种早期筛选方法，根据实施例1中所述，其成花品质评价对于单株型春石斛品种较为适用，而并不适用于分枝较多、开花枝数量≥2的丛株型春石斛品种。因为测定成花指标时，无法明确测定哪个开花枝。而简单地把丛株型作为单株型组合种植处理，将测定指标进行简单叠加，无法筛选出优良品种。另外，影响丛株型开花品质的成花指标除实施例1中所述的5个开花指标外，花膛比、总花量、开花枝及总枝均与其成花品质密切相关。因此，需建立丛株型成花品质评价体系及其优良品种早期筛选方法。CN201310397973.9 discloses a method for early screening of fine varieties of Dendrobium nobile. According to the description in Example 1, its evaluation of flowering quality is more suitable for single-plant Dendrobium species, but not suitable for more branched and flowering branches. Dendrobium dendrobium species with a quantity ≥ 2. Because when determining the flowering index, it is impossible to clearly determine which flowering branch. However, it is impossible to screen out good varieties simply by treating the clump type as a single plant type combined planting and simply superimposing the measured indicators. In addition, besides the five flowering indexes described in Example 1, the flowering indexes that affect the flowering quality of the cluster type, flower-bore ratio, total flower quantity, flowering branches and total branches are all closely related to the flowering quality. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an evaluation system for cluster-type flowering quality and an early screening method for excellent varieties.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种丛株型春石斛优良品种早期筛选的方法，包括以下步骤：In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a method for early screening of fine varieties of dendrobium dendrobii of cluster type, comprising the following steps:
a. 测定一年生幼苗形态指标：于春石斛幼苗休止叶期测定其叶数及节数；a. Determining the morphological indicators of annual seedlings: measuring the number of leaves and nodes at the resting leaf stage of Dendrobium dendrobii seedlings;
b. 计算春石斛成花品质综合得分：随机抽取处于休止叶期的一年生幼苗，测定叶数及节数值，取均值分别代入对应的线性方程，计算春石斛成花品质综合得分y1及y2值，所述x1为叶数值，所述x2为节数值；b. Calculating the comprehensive score of the flowering quality of Dendrobium dendrobii: Randomly select annual seedlings in the leaf-resting stage, measure the number of leaves and node values, take the average value and substitute them into the corresponding linear equation, and calculate the comprehensive score of flowering quality of Dendrobium dendrobium y 1 and y 2 value, the x 1 is a leaf value, and the x 2 is a node value;
c. 预测春石斛成花品质等级：依据步骤b中线性方程计算所得y1及y2值预测，成花品质综合得分y1＞1.009且y2＞1.009时，成花品质优良；1.009≥y1＞-0.652且y2＞-0.652或1.009≥y2＞-0.652且y1＞1.009，成花品质中等；y1≤-0.652或y2≤-0.652时，成花品质较差；c. Predict the flowering quality grade of Dendrobium dendrobii: According to the prediction of y 1 and y 2 values calculated by the linear equation in step b, when the comprehensive score of flowering quality y 1 >1.009 and y 2 >1.009, the flowering quality is excellent; 1.009≥y 1 ＞-0.652 and y 2 ＞-0.652 or 1.009≥y 2 ＞-0.652 and y 1 ＞1.009, the flower quality is moderate; when y 1 ≤-0.652 or y 2 ≤-0.652, the flower quality is poor;
d. 春石斛成花品质综合得分y1＞-0.652且y2＞-0.652的品种，可考虑用于栽培生产。d. Varieties with a comprehensive score of flowering quality of Dendrobium dendrobium y 1 >-0.652 and y 2 >-0.652 can be considered for cultivation and production.
其中，步骤a中所述的休止叶期自休止叶叶长2~3 cm，叶宽0.4~0.6 cm开始，至休止叶逐渐成熟，休止叶叶长4~5 cm，叶宽1~1.5 cm为止。Wherein, the resting leaf stage described in step a starts from resting leaf length 2 ~ 3 cm, leaf width 0.4 ~ 0.6 cm, gradually matures to resting leaf, resting leaf length 4 ~ 5 cm, leaf width 1 ~ 1.5 cm until.
其中，所述步骤a中，当春石斛进入休止叶期后，从顶端往下数第2片叶叶片长为4~6 cm时，进行叶数、节数测定。Wherein, in the step a, when Dendrobium dendrobii enters the resting leaf stage, the number of leaves and the number of nodes are measured when the length of the second leaf from the top is 4-6 cm.
其中，叶数为植株叶片的总数，节数为自根径至茎顶端的茎节总数。Among them, the number of leaves is the total number of leaves of the plant, and the number of nodes is the total number of stem nodes from the root diameter to the top of the stem.
本发明有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明建立了一种丛株型春石斛优良品种早期筛选的指标体系，缩短了品种筛选的年限，由3~4年缩短为1.5年，大大提高了品种筛选的效率，降低了生产成本。同时，完善了不同株型春石斛优良品种早期筛选的指标体系，为其他植物早期筛选提供了理论基础及方法的参考。The present invention establishes an index system for the early screening of excellent varieties of dendrobium dendrobium in clusters, shortens the time limit for variety screening from 3 to 4 years to 1.5 years, greatly improves the efficiency of variety screening, and reduces production costs. At the same time, the index system for the early screening of fine varieties of Dendrobium dendrobii of different plant types has been improved, which provides a theoretical basis and method reference for the early screening of other plants.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
如无特别说明，实施例中涉及的品种均为北京森禾种业股份有限公司的市售品种。Unless otherwise specified, the varieties involved in the examples are all commercial varieties of Beijing Senhe Seed Industry Co., Ltd.
实施例1Example 1
选用成花品质有梯度差异、具有广泛代表性的6个丛株型春石斛杂交品种：优良品种‘森禾T-0’和‘森禾T-2’，中等品种‘火鸟’和‘森禾2004’，较差品种‘森禾H214’和‘怡女2#’，分别于春石斛一年生幼苗休止叶期和对应的三年生开花植株盛花期，进行生长指标和成花品质指标测定，所得数据均采用Excel和SPSS V18.0软件进行分析。Selected 6 cluster-type spring dendrobium hybrid varieties with gradient differences in flower quality and broad representativeness: excellent varieties 'Senhe T-0' and 'Senhe T-2', medium varieties 'Huobird' and 'Senhe T-2' He 2004', inferior varieties 'Senhe H214' and 'Yinu 2#' were measured at the resting leaf stage of the annual seedlings of Dendrobium dendrobium and the full flowering stage of the corresponding three-year-old flowering plants respectively, and the obtained Data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS V18.0 software.
幼苗生长指标包括茎粗、节长、节数、叶数、叶长、叶宽、株高、鲜重、根长、主根数、根粗，其测定方法：Seedling growth indicators include stem diameter, node length, number of nodes, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, plant height, fresh weight, root length, number of main roots, and root diameter. The measurement methods are:
鲜重（g）：不含插穗茎节的整个植株的重量，用电子天平称量，读数精确到小数点后2位。Fresh weight (g): The weight of the whole plant without the stem nodes of the cuttings, weighed with an electronic balance, and the reading is accurate to 2 decimal places.
株高（cm）：为自根颈处至茎顶端的高度，用米尺测量，读数精确到小数点后1位。Plant height (cm): It is the height from the root neck to the top of the stem, measured with a meter ruler, and the reading is accurate to 1 decimal place.
茎粗（mm）：植株最粗茎节的两个垂直方向茎粗的平均值，用游标卡尺测量，读数精确到小数点后2位。Stem diameter (mm): The average value of the stem diameter in two vertical directions of the thickest stem node of the plant, measured with a vernier caliper, and the reading is accurate to 2 decimal places.
叶长（cm）：顶叶片的叶长，用米尺测量，读数精确到小数点后1位。Leaf length (cm): the leaf length of the top leaf, measured with a meter ruler, and the reading is accurate to 1 decimal place.
叶宽（cm）：所测叶片最宽的部位定为叶片的宽度，用米尺测量，读数精确到小数点后1位。Leaf width (cm): The widest part of the measured leaf is defined as the width of the leaf, measured with a meter ruler, and the reading is accurate to 1 decimal place.
根长（cm）：当每植株根数≥3条时，测量3条有代表性根的两个垂直方向根粗的平均值，用米尺测量，读数精确到小数点后1位。Root length (cm): When the number of roots per plant is ≥ 3, measure the average value of the root diameters of 3 representative roots in two vertical directions, measure with a meter ruler, and the reading is accurate to 1 decimal place.
主根数（条）：直接从根部萌发出的根的总数。Number of taproots (bars): The total number of roots that germinate directly from the root.
根粗（mm）：当每植株根数≥3条时，测量3条有代表性的根的长度，用游标卡尺测量，读数精确到小数点后2位。Root diameter (mm): When the number of roots per plant is ≥3, measure the length of three representative roots, measure with a vernier caliper, and the reading is accurate to 2 decimal places.
每个品种分别观测30株，取均值（见表1）。30 plants were observed for each variety, and the average value was taken (see Table 1).
表1 休止叶期不同春石斛品种一年生幼苗的生长状况Table 1 Growth status of annual seedlings of different spring Dendrobium species at resting leaf stage
注：采用Duncan多重比较法，小写英文字母表示不同春石斛成花品质指标在0.05水平上的显著差异。下同。Note: Using Duncan's multiple comparison method, lowercase English letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level in flowering quality indicators of different Dendrobium dendrobii. The same below.
成花品质指标为花膛比（X1），连续开花节数（X2），开3朵花节数（X3），开2朵花节数（X4），开1朵花节数（X5），总节数（X6），开花节数（X7），总枝数（X8），开花枝数（X9）及总花量（X10），其测定方法：The flower quality indicators are the flower-to-bore ratio (X 1 ), the number of continuous flowering nodes (X 2 ), the number of 3 flowering nodes (X 3 ), the number of 2 flowering nodes (X 4 ), and the number of 1 flowering nodes (X 5 ), the total number of nodes (X 6 ), the number of flowering nodes (X 7 ), the total number of branches (X 8 ), the number of flowering branches (X 9 ) and the total amount of flowers (X 10 ), the determination method:
X1：（株高-上空膛-下空膛）/株高。X 1 : (plant height-upper empty chamber-lower empty chamber)/plant height.
X2（节）：植株中开花节数最多的开花枝，连续开花的节数。X 2 (node): The flowering branch with the largest number of flowering nodes in the plant, the number of consecutive flowering nodes.
X3（节）：植株所有开花枝每节位开3朵花的总节数。X 3 (node): The total number of nodes with 3 flowers in each node of all flowering branches of the plant.
X4（节）：植株所有开花枝每节位开2朵花的总节数。X 4 (node): The total number of nodes with 2 flowers per node of all flowering branches of the plant.
X5（节）：植株所有开花枝每节位开1朵花的总节数。X 5 (node): The total number of nodes with one flower per node of all flowering branches of the plant.
X6（节）：植株所有分枝的总节数。X 6 (nodes): The total number of nodes of all branches of the plant.
X7（节）：植株所有开花枝每节位开≥1朵花的总节数。X 7 (node): The total number of nodes with ≥1 flower in each node of all flowering branches of the plant.
X8（枝）：植株总分枝数。X 8 (branches): the total number of branches of the plant.
X9（枝）：植株的总开花枝数。X 9 (branches): the total number of flowering branches of the plant.
X10（朵）：植株所有开花枝开花的总数。X 10 (flowers): The total number of flowers in all flowering branches of the plant.
其中，株高为自根颈处至最高茎顶端的高度；上空膛为自最高茎顶端向下数所有开花枝中第一个开花节位至最高茎顶端的长度；下空膛为自根颈处向上数所有开花枝中第一个开花节位至根颈处的长度。三者均用米尺测量，以cm单位，读数精确到小数点后1位。Among them, the plant height is the height from the root neck to the top of the highest stem; the upper hollow is the length from the first flowering node to the top of the highest stem counted from the top of the highest stem to the top of the highest stem; the lower hollow is the length from the root neck Count up the length from the first flowering node to the root neck of all flowering branches. All three are measured with a meter ruler, in centimeters, and the readings are accurate to 1 decimal place.
每个品种分别随机观测30株，取均值（见表2）。30 plants were randomly observed for each variety, and the average value was taken (see Table 2).
表2 不同春石斛品种成株的开花情况Table 2 Flowering status of adult plants of different spring Dendrobium varieties
成花品质量化评价：利用SPSS18.0软件包对各品种成花指标X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7、X8、X9及X10，进行主成分分析，提取了3个主成分：F1 = 0.303 ZX1 + 0.351 ZX2 + 0.366ZX3 + 0.375 ZX4 + 0.222 ZX5 + 0.266 ZX6 + 0.388 ZX7 + 0.138 ZX8 + 0.274 ZX9 +0.382 ZX10，F2 = - 0.343 ZX1 - 0.308 ZX2 - 0.185 ZX3 + 0.145 ZX4 - 0.054 ZX5 +0.451 ZX6 - 0.087 ZX7 + 0.495 ZX8 + 0.503 ZX9 - 0.142 ZX10，F3 = 0.332 ZX1 + 0.099ZX2 + 0.174 ZX3 - 0.163 ZX4 - 0.668 ZX5 - 0.315 ZX6 - 0.031 ZX7 + 0.515 ZX8 +0.102 ZX9 + 0.020 ZX10，其特征值分别为6.507、1.896和1.410，解释总方差98.13%。以每个主成分所对应的特征值占所提取主成分总的特征值之和的比例作为权重计算得到主成分的综合模型：F = 0.182 ZX1 + 0.187 ZX2 + 0.232 ZX3 + 0.253 ZX4 + 0.041 ZX5 +0.218 ZX6 + 0.236 ZX7 + 0.261 ZX8 + 0.294 ZX9 + 0.229 ZX10。其中ZX1，ZX2，……，ZX10是原始变量经过标准化处理的值。将表2数据标准化后代入综合模型中，得到各品种成花品质的综合得分由高到低依次为：‘森禾T-0’（1.905）＞‘森禾T-2’（1.028）＞‘火鸟’（1.009）＞‘森禾2004’（-0.365）＞‘森禾H214’（-0.652）＞‘怡女2#’（-2.924）。品种等级划分参考标准为：成花品质综合得分y1＞1.009且y2＞1.009时，成花品质优良；1.009≥y1＞-0.652且y2＞-0.652或1.009≥y2＞-0.652且y1＞1.009，成花品质中等；y1≤-0.652或y2≤-0.652时，成花品质较差。 Quantitative evaluation of flowering quality: use SPSS18.0 software package to conduct main Component analysis, extracted 3 principal components: F1 = 0.303 ZX 1 + 0.351 ZX 2 + 0.366ZX 3 + 0.375 ZX 4 + 0.222 ZX 5 + 0.266 ZX 6 + 0.388 ZX 7 + 0.138 ZX 8 + 0.274 ZX 9 +0.382 ZX 10 , F2 = - 0.343 ZX 1 - 0.308 ZX 2 - 0.185 ZX 3 + 0.145 ZX 4 - 0.054 ZX 5 +0.451 ZX 6 - 0.087 ZX 7 + 0.495 ZX 8 + 0.503 ZX 9 - 0.142 ZX 10 , F32 = 0 . + 0.099ZX 2 + 0.174 ZX 3 - 0.163 ZX 4 - 0.668 ZX 5 - 0.315 ZX 6 - 0.031 ZX 7 + 0.515 ZX 8 +0.102 ZX 9 + 0.020 ZX 10 . The variance is 98.13%. The comprehensive model of the principal components is calculated by taking the proportion of the eigenvalue corresponding to each principal component to the sum of the eigenvalues of the extracted principal components as the weight: F = 0.182 ZX 1 + 0.187 ZX 2 + 0.232 ZX 3 + 0.253 ZX 4 + 0.041 ZX 5 +0.218 ZX 6 + 0.236 ZX 7 + 0.261 ZX 8 + 0.294 ZX 9 + 0.229 ZX 10 . Among them, ZX 1 , ZX 2 , ..., ZX 10 are the standardized values of the original variables. After standardizing the data in Table 2 and substituting it into the comprehensive model, the comprehensive score of flower quality of each variety from high to low is as follows: 'Senhe T-0' (1.905) >'SenheT-2' (1.028) >'Firebird' (1.009) >'Senhe2004' (-0.365) >'SenheH214' (-0.652) >'Yi Nu 2#' (-2.924). The reference standard for cultivar classification is: when the comprehensive score of flower quality y 1 >1.009 and y 2 >1.009, the flower quality is excellent; 1.009≥y 1 >-0.652 and y 2 >-0.652 or 1.009≥y 2 >-0.652 and When y 1 >1.009, the flower quality is moderate; when y 1 ≤-0.652 or y 2 ≤-0.652, the flower quality is poor.
运用双变量相关性分析法进行幼苗休止叶期生长指标与成花品质综合得分的相关性分析，结果（见表3）。The bivariate correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between the growth index of the seedling resting leaf stage and the comprehensive score of flower quality, and the results were shown in Table 3.
表3 休止叶期生长指标与成花品质的相关系数
注：采用Pearson相关系数，双侧显著性检验，* 0.05水平上显著；* *0.01水平上显著。Note: Pearson correlation coefficient, two-sided significance test, *significant at 0.05 level; **significant at 0.01 level.
得到与成花品质在0.01水平上显著相关的幼苗休止叶期生长指标为叶数、节数。分别建立线性方程：y1=2.061x1（叶数）-8.060、y2=1.534x2（节数）-7.654，r1=0.981、r2=0.962，可有效预测春石斛成花品质综合得分。The growth indexes of seedling resting leaf stage which were significantly correlated with the flowering quality at 0.01 level were the number of leaves and the number of nodes. Establish linear equations respectively: y 1 =2.061x 1 (number of leaves)-8.060, y 2 =1.534x 2 (number of nodes)-7.654, r 1 =0.981, r 2 =0.962, which can effectively predict the comprehensive flowering quality of Dendrobium dendrobii Score.
实施例2Example 2
当春石斛一年生幼苗进入休止叶期，由顶端往下数第2片叶长约5cm时，随机选取30株春石斛品种‘森禾947’（生产上评价为中上等品种），测定其叶数、节数（方法同实施例1）。叶数为植株叶片的总数，节数为自根径至茎顶端的茎节总数。When the annual seedlings of Dendrobium dendrobium enter the resting leaf stage, and the second leaf from the top to the bottom is about 5 cm long, 30 spring Dendrobium varieties 'Senhe 947' (evaluated as a middle-to-high variety in production) were randomly selected, and the leaves were measured. number, section number (method is the same as embodiment 1). The number of leaves is the total number of leaves of the plant, and the number of nodes is the total number of stem nodes from the root diameter to the top of the stem.
取两个指标的均值(单位分别为片、节)，x1=3.9、x2=5.0，分别代入线性方程y1=2.061x1（叶数）-8.060、y2=1.534x2(节数）-7.654，得到其成花品质综合得分y1=-0.022＞-0.652且y2=0.016＞-0.652，属于中等以上品种，可用于栽培生产，与生产上评价一致。Take the mean value of the two indicators (the units are slices and nodes respectively), x 1 =3.9, x 2 =5.0, and substitute them into the linear equations y 1 =2.061x 1 (number of leaves)-8.060, y 2 =1.534x 2 (nodes) number) -7.654, and the comprehensive score of flowering quality y 1 =-0.022＞-0.652 and y 2 =0.016＞-0.652, belongs to above-average variety, can be used for cultivation and production, and is consistent with the production evaluation.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made. These improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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