CN104539738B - A kind of vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication - Google Patents
A kind of vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN104539738B CN104539738B CN201510033106.6A CN201510033106A CN104539738B CN 104539738 B CN104539738 B CN 104539738B CN 201510033106 A CN201510033106 A CN 201510033106A CN 104539738 B CN104539738 B CN 104539738B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication, belong to automobile technical field.The vehicle self-organizing network is made of the node containing vehicle LED communication unit；The node includes vehicle termination node, mobile relay node；The vehicle termination node is communicated by vehicle LED communication unit with the mobile relay node in self-organizing network；Mobile relay node is communicated by vehicle LED communication unit with the mobile relay node of other self-organizing networks；The vehicle self-organizing network further includes fixed access point, and vehicle termination node can be communicated by LED communication unit with fixed access point, and the LED communication unit in network is communicated using phase shift MIMO OFDM LED communication systems.A kind of vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication provided by the present invention, makes each vehicle have the function of anti-multipath effect and intersymbol interference, LED communication is reliably realized between making vehicle all in " car is in net " state.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to automobile technical field, is related to a kind of vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication.
Background technology
LED has the advantages that low in energy consumption, long lifespan, size are small, pollution-free are considered as the energy saving and environment friendly product of forth generation.Base
In LED visible light communication have the advantages that traffic rate is high, capacity is big, high sensitivity, without electromagnetic interference, be a kind of new wireless
Optical communication technique.The region to electromagnetic interference sensitivity such as hospital, aircraft, high ferro is can be applied to, WiMAX can also be used as
Access, solves the problems, such as " last one kilometer ".
Vehicle self-organizing network (VANET, Vehicular Ad Hoc Network) is traditional mobile ad-hoc network
The application of (MANET, Mobile Ad Hoc Network) on traffic route, is a kind of special mobile ad-hoc network.Its
Quality of wireless channel is unstable, network topology change becomes the major reason for restricting vehicle self-organizing network development soon.VANET exists
Very important role is play in intelligent transportation system (ITS, Intelligent Transportation System), it is main
Will communicate (V2R, Vehicle-to- with bus or train route by inter-vehicle communication (V2V, Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication)
Road Communication) two parts composition.Headlight and tail-light in vehicle are made of LED light, and are now used only for shining
Bright function, the function of not communicating, lighting apparatus is served not only as based on LED visible light communication LED, and with communication
Function.
Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO, Multiple input Multiple output) system can not increase bandwidth
Under the premise of exponentially improve the capacity and the availability of frequency spectrum of communication system, while increase the reliability of communication link.Orthogonal frequency
It is multiplexed modulation technique (OFDM, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple) serial high-speed data is parallel
Ground is modulated on multiple orthogonal subcarriers, is reduced chip rate, is reduced intersymbol interference, is influenced for multipath effect serious
Channel, add protection interval between each OFDM symbol, further eliminate multipath effect caused by intersymbol interference.Therefore profit
MIMO-OFDM communication system is formed with vehicle, realizes inter-vehicular communication.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication, the vehicle self-organizing
Network, which can be realized, makes each vehicle be in " car is at net (Vehicle in Network) " state.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides following technical solution：
A kind of vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication, the vehicle self-organizing network is by the section containing vehicle LED communication unit
Point composition；The node includes vehicle termination node, mobile relay node；The vehicle termination node is communicated by vehicle LED
Unit communicates with the mobile relay node in self-organizing network；Mobile relay node passes through vehicle LED communication unit and its
He communicates at the mobile relay node of self-organizing network.
Further, the vehicle LED communication unit includes transmitter and receiver and other communications processor elements, vehicle-mounted
LED communication unit has duplex communication mode；The LED angles of departure of the vehicle LED communication unit are more than the field angle of receiver；
LED direct currents channel gain is as shown by the following formula：
Wherein, m is lambert's index, and A is the surface area of receiver, and d is the distance of transmitted from transmitter to receiver, and φ is transmitting
Angle,For acceptance angle,Maximum field of view of receiver angle, n are index of refraction.
Further, the vehicle LED communication unit is equipped with the interface to communicate with other equipment, visible when can not achieve LED
During optic communication, communication interconnection can be realized by other communication modes.
Further, the vehicle LED communication unit includes headlight LED communication unit and tail-light LED communication unit；When
Vehicle termination node is located at before mobile relay node, tail-light LED communication unit and the mobile relay section of vehicle termination node
The headlight LED communication unit of point communicates；When vehicle termination node is located at behind mobile relay node, vehicle termination node
Headlight LED communication unit communicate with the tail-light LED communication unit of mobile relay node；Pass through mobile relay node
Realize double bounce and multi-hop communication.
Further, the vehicle self-organizing network further includes fixed access point, and the fixed access point contains with duplex
The LED communication unit of communication pattern；Vehicle termination node is communicated by LED communication unit with fixed access point, and fixation connects
Access point can communicate with other networks.
Further, when communicating between vehicle and fixed access point, direct current channel impulse response is as shown by the following formula：
Wherein, φ is the angle of departure,For acceptance angle, initial distance is set to d, and v is current vehicle speed.
Further, the LED communication unit is communicated using phase shift MIMO-OFDM LED communication systems, data warp
Carry out T/N time delay of phase shift after MIMO-OFDM serioparallel exchanges to send, receiver is sampled with T/N sampling rates, T OFDM
Symbol period, N are LED communication unit number, N=2.
Further, when the vehicle termination node is communicated with mobile relay node, two vehicles are to travel in the same direction, two
Direct current channel impulse response is as shown by the following formula between a vehicle：
Wherein, φ is the angle of departure,For acceptance angle, initial distance is set to d, and vehicle speed is respectively v1, v2。
Further, the mobile relay node is that this vehicle arrives the sum of the distance between other vehicles D in self-organizing networki
Minimum vehicle；Wherein,(xi, yi) and (xj, yj) be vehicle seat
Mark, M are the number of vehicle in current self-organizing network.
Further, the vehicle termination node and the mobile relay node or fixed access point distance in self-organizing network
Too far, it is impossible to which during normal communication, vehicle termination node disconnects automatically and mobile relay node link, and transmits into net request data
Bag, is added to other self-organizing networks；After adjacent mobile relay node or fixed access point receives networking request, first judging should
Whether the distance of vehicle meets communication condition, is unsatisfactory for, and does not allow it to add network, and satisfaction then continues to judge the self-organization network
Whether interior total node number reaches the upper limit, if being not reaching to the upper limit, allows its addition, otherwise, does not allow it to add network.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The vehicle self-organizing network of a kind of LED communication provided by the invention, using LED
The communication technology, has the advantages that big traffic rate height, capacity, high sensitivity, without electromagnetic interference；LED communication unit uses phase shift
MIMO-OFDM LED communication systems communicate, and improve the ability of anti-multipath effect and subcarrier interference, reduce the bit error rate, make
Inter-vehicular communication is more reliable, more at a high speed, safer, and then LED communication is reliably realized between making vehicle so that at each vehicle
In " car is in net " state.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made below in conjunction with attached drawing into
The detailed description of one step, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication of the present invention；
Fig. 2 launches with receiving flow chart of data processing for vehicle LED communication unit；
Fig. 3 is 2 × 2 MIMO-OFDM LED communication system data process flows of phase shift；
Fig. 4 is running automobile schematic diagram in the same direction；
Fig. 5 adds self-organizing network flow chart for vehicle；
Fig. 6 is communicated for vehicle self-organizing network by mobile relay node.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
A kind of vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication proposed by the invention, the self-organizing network containing vehicle LED by leading to
The node composition of unit is believed, as shown in Figure 1, being realized using headlight and tail-light composition vehicle LED communication unit between vehicle
Duplex communication, the node include vehicle termination node, mobile relay node；The vehicle termination node is led to by vehicle LED
Letter unit communicates with the mobile relay node in self-organizing network；Mobile relay node by vehicle LED communication unit with
The mobile relay node of other self-organizing networks communicates.
Vehicle self-organizing network further includes fixed access point, when vehicle traveling on remote road, do not have in very wide range
There is vehicle, be not carried out the condition of inter-vehicular communication, the street lamp only by highway, vehicle can only be with fixed access point (such as
Street lamp) realize information exchange, the fixed access point contains the LED communication unit with duplex communication mode；Vehicle termination section
Point is communicated by LED communication unit with fixed access point.Fixed access point and mobile relay node can be with existing nothings
Line communication network realizes communication, can expand the scope of vehicle self-organizing network communication to a greater extent.Vehicle self-organizing network
Communication includes inter-vehicle communication, vehicle communicates with fixed access point and vehicle group-net communication.
The design of vehicle LED communication unit is as follows：
Each vehicle should be used as LED light source transmitter, and must (receiver type has two pole of photoelectricity as receiver
Pipe, imaging sensor etc.)；Have in the headlight of vehicle with tail-light plus receiving mechanism into vehicle LED communication unit, this element
There is duplex communication mode；Vehicle LED communication unit flow chart of data processing is as shown in Figure 2.
Shown in LED direct currents channel gain such as formula (1)：
Wherein, m is lambert's index, and A is the surface area of receiver, and d is the distance of transmitted from transmitter to receiver, and φ is transmitting
Angle,For acceptance angle,Maximum field of view of receiver angle, n are index of refraction.
Vehicle LED communication unit meets following design requirement：
1. the LED angles of departure should be greater than vehicle LED communication in the transmitting flow chart of data processing figure 2 (a) of vehicle LED communication unit
The field angle of receiver in the reception flow chart of data processing figure 2 (b) of unit；
2. vehicle LED communications unit design has the interface to communicate with other equipment, such as bluetooth, WiFi, vehicle GPS, the Big Dipper
Alignment system etc.；
3. vehicle LED communication unit cannot influence other functions of vehicle.
LED communication unit of the present invention is communicated using phase shift MIMO-OFDM LED communication systems, data warp
T/N time delay of phase shift is carried out after MIMO-OFDM serioparallel exchanges, receiver is sampled with T/N sampling rates.
The complexity of road environment causes communication link unstable, and multipath effect causes intersymbol interference serious, makes communicativeness
Can be very poor, therefore in order to improve the ability of anti-multipath effect and subcarrier interference, the present invention is proposed in MIMO-OFDM serioparallel exchanges
T/N time delay of phase shift is carried out afterwards, and T is the OFDM symbol cycle, and N is LED communication unit number.Headlight has two LED are vehicle-mounted to lead to
Believe unit, i.e. the data of transmission are become binary code stream, headlight A-LED communication units by N=2 through over-sampling, quantization, coding
Member compares headlight B-LED communication unit data T/2 phase of phase shift.Sampled in receiving terminal with T/2 sampling period, will
Obtained data recovery is into initial data.2 × 2 MIMO-OFDM LED communications system of phase shift is suitable for road inter-vehicle communication, more
The suppression intersymbol and inter-sub-carrier interference of limits, greatly reduce the bit error rate, make inter-vehicular communication more reliable, more at a high speed, more pacify
Entirely, Fig. 3 is 2 × 2 MIMO-OFDM LED communication system data process flows of phase shift.
The data flow of high speed is divided into the data flow of low speed by serioparallel exchange, and phase shift T/N, the signal after phase shift are Vi
(t) as shown in formula (2)：
By channel coding, IFFT plus CP, LED chip are driven, when the electric current of driving LED chip is not greater than saturation electricity
Flow, then Yi(t)=RVi(t), R is the photoelectric conversion efficiency of LED.Receiver is sampled with T/N sampling rates, receiver letter
Number ri(t) as shown in formula (3)：
Wherein, n (t) is interchannel noise, hiFor channel impulse response.Signal obtains original through past CP, FFT, channel decoding
Beginning data, realize the information exchange between vehicle.
On the basis of above-mentioned 2 × 2 MIMO-OFDM LED communication systems of phase shift, realize vehicle and inter-vehicular communication and
Communicate between vehicle and fixed access point.
Communicate between vehicle and vehicle：
The direction moved between vehicle is divided into the same direction and backward going, since LED based visible light communication system is limited
In communication distance, with the increase of communication distance, receiving terminal receives luminous power rapid decay, bit error rate increase.Therefore it is based on
The visible light communication of LED is suitable for situation about travelling in the same direction, and the vehicle communication link existence time travelled in the same direction is relatively long.Figure
4 be the schematic diagram of the vehicle inter-vehicle communication travelled in the same direction.In order to preferably realize inter-vehicular communication, the channel of linear time-variant channel
Impulse response must provide, and can just calculate the data of receiving terminal.Direct current channel impulse response such as public affairs between two mobile vehicles
Shown in formula (4).
Wherein, initial distance is set to d, and vehicle speed is respectively v1, v2, using 2 × 2 phase shift MIMO-OFDM LED communications systems
System realizes inter-vehicular communication.
Vehicle communicates with fixed access point：
When communicating between vehicle and fixed access point, shown in direct current channel impulse response such as formula (5)：
Wherein, v is current vehicle speed.
Vehicle group-net communication：
Communication between vehicle self-organizing network be by mobile relay node by vehicle LED communication unit and other from group
The mobile relay node interactive information of knitmesh network is realized.
Vehicle in vehicle self-organizing network of the present invention includes three characterising parameter Ii、Li、Di。LiRepresent vehicle
Current coordinate, is obtained by vehicle GPS, can also be used and be positioned based on LED visible light communication system；DiFor self-organizing network
Middle vehicle is the sum of to the distance between other vehicles；Ii(position L is removed for the status information of vehiclei, distance DiOutside its
His status information), the license plate number of such as vehicle, speed, traveling destination, the maximum-norm letter of current vehicle self-organizing network
Breath, wherein, i is subscript, represents the sequence number of vehicle in ad hoc networks.
Visible light communication outside LED based room, since the transmission power of LED limits communication distance, need to choose as shifting
The vehicle of dynamic relay node realizes that vehicle self-organizing network communicates.To arrive other vehicle distances in self-organizing network (as used Europe
Beeline is calculated in formula distance) the sum of shortest vehicle as mobile relay node.
This vehicle arrives the sum of the distance between other vehicles, is obtained by formula (6) and formula (7).
Wherein, (xi, yi) and (xj, yj) be vehicle coordinate, M be current self-organizing network in vehicle number.
Choose D in networkiMinimum node as the mobile relay node in present networks, and each car can only with movement
Communicate after node, to the automobile travelled in the same direction, mobile relay node is normally at the centre position of network, in below
Vehicle, is communicated, the vehicle before mobile relay node passes through tail-light and its car by headlight with its tail-light
Headlight communicates, therefore can realize double bounce and multi-hop communication by mobile relay node.
Vehicle add self-organizing network and leave self-organizing network all with vehicle and the distance dependent of mobile relay node.
LED visible light communication system is limited to inter-vehicular communication distance, and when exceeding certain distance between vehicle, communication quality has declined not
It is adapted to inter-vehicular communication, therefore when vehicle cannot meet certain condition in this network, is just automatically exited from from this network, until
The condition of satisfaction is added in another vehicle self-organizing network.When vehicle leaves from a network, self-organizing network can be real
When calculate the beeline of each vehicle, possess the vehicle of beeline in current self-organizing network as in mobile to choose
After node.And update the parameter information and self information of each vehicle in current self-organizing network；When vehicle leaves one
Self-organizing network, can be added in the middle of another self-organizing network, it, which must is fulfilled for certain condition, could allow to add.Move
Dynamic relay node first judges whether the distance of the vehicle meets communication condition, is unsatisfactory for, and does not allow it to add network, meets then
Continue to judge whether total node number reaches the upper limit in the self-organization network, if being not reaching to the upper limit, allow its addition, otherwise, no
It is allowed to add network, the flow chart that a vehicle adds vehicle self-organizing network is as shown in Figure 5.
When distance is apart from each other between two self-organizing network vehicles, it cannot use and be realized based on LED visible light communication,
In order to realize larger range of vehicle communication, use other modes (such as WiFi, bluetooth etc.) real between mobile relay node vehicle
Now communicate, as shown in Figure 6.By communicating between relay node, make each vehicle all in " car is in net " state.
Specific embodiment：
Law enfrocement official will trace the vehicle that the number-plate number is 12345, and law enfrocement official uploads information on the net, and vehicle is from group
Mobile relay node in knitmesh network possesses the status information (including license plate number) of all vehicles in present networks, therefore to license plate number
Carry out information matches.If any the vehicle for matching the number-plate number 12345, its position coordinates is uploaded on the net, held by relay node
Method personnel obtain this coordinate into line search by internet.A kind of technological means is provided for search special car.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, although logical
Cross above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication, it is characterised in that：The vehicle self-organizing network containing vehicle LED by leading to Believe the node composition of unit；The node includes vehicle termination node, mobile relay node；The vehicle termination node passes through car LED communication unit is carried to communicate with the mobile relay node in self-organizing network；Mobile relay node is communicated by vehicle LED Unit communicates with the mobile relay node of other self-organizing networks；When the vehicle termination node is communicated with mobile relay node, two vehicles are to travel in the same direction, straight between two vehicles Flow channel impulse response as shown by the following formula：Wherein, φ is the angle of departure,For acceptance angle, initial distance is set to d, and vehicle speed is respectively v1, v2M is lambert's index, and A is The surface area of receiver, N is index of refraction,Maximum field of view of receiver angle；The LED communication unit is communicated using phase shift MIMO-OFDM LED communication systems, and data are gone here and there simultaneously through MIMO-OFDM T/N time delay of phase shift is carried out after conversion to send, receiver is sampled with T/N sampling rates, wherein, T is the OFDM symbol cycle, N is LED communication unit number.
- A kind of 2. vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The vehicle LED leads to Letter unit includes transmitter and receiver and other communications processor elements, and vehicle LED communication unit has duplex communication mode； The LED angles of departure of the vehicle LED communication unit are more than the field angle of receiver.
- A kind of 3. vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The vehicle LED leads to Letter unit is equipped with the interface to communicate with other equipment, when can not achieve LED visible light communication, is realized by other communication modes Communication interconnection.
- A kind of 4. vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The vehicle LED leads to Letter unit includes headlight LED communication unit and tail-light LED communication unit；When vehicle termination node is located at mobile relay node Above, the headlight LED communication unit of the tail-light LED communication unit of vehicle termination node and mobile relay node is led to Letter；When vehicle termination node is located at behind mobile relay node, the headlight LED communication unit of vehicle termination node with it is mobile in Tail-light LED communication unit after node communicates；Double bounce and multi-hop communication are realized by mobile relay node.
- A kind of 5. vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The vehicle is from group Knitmesh network further includes fixed access point, and the fixed access point contains the LED communication unit with duplex communication mode；Vehicle is whole End node is communicated by LED communication unit with fixed access point, and fixed access point communicates with other networks.
- A kind of 6. vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Vehicle connects with fixation When communicating between access point, direct current channel impulse response is as shown by the following formula：Wherein, m is lambert's index, and A is the surface area of receiver, and φ is the angle of departure,For acceptance angle, N is index of refraction,Maximum field of view of receiver angle, initial distance are set to d, and v is current vehicle speed.
- A kind of 7. vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The mobile relay Node is that this vehicle arrives the sum of the distance between other vehicles D in self-organizing networkiMinimum vehicle；Wherein,(xi, yi) and (xj, yj) be vehicle coordinate, M is vehicle in current self-organizing network Number.
- A kind of 8. vehicle self-organizing network of LED communication according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The vehicle termination Node and the mobile relay node or fixed access point hypertelorism in self-organizing network, it is impossible to which during normal communication, vehicle is whole End node disconnects automatically and mobile relay node link, and transmits into net request data package, is added to other self-organizing networks；Phase After adjacent mobile relay node or fixed access point receives networking request, first judge whether the distance of the vehicle meets the bar that communicates Part, is unsatisfactory for, and does not allow it to add network, and satisfaction then continues to judge whether total node number reaches the upper limit in the self-organization network, if The upper limit is not reaching to, then allows its addition, otherwise, does not allow it to add network.
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| CN103560986A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-02-05 | 武汉邮电科学研究院 | Visible light communication system based on MIMO-OFDM modulation and channel estimation method |
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