CN104536033B - X-ray focusing optical system - Google Patents
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- CN104536033B CN104536033B CN201410829999.0A CN201410829999A CN104536033B CN 104536033 B CN104536033 B CN 104536033B CN 201410829999 A CN201410829999 A CN 201410829999A CN 104536033 B CN104536033 B CN 104536033B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an X-ray focusing optical system, which comprises a lens barrel, a reflecting lens group and a supporting frame, wherein the reflecting lens group and the supporting frame are arranged in the lens barrel, the reflecting lens group is of a multi-layer sleeve structure formed by nesting a plurality of single-layer reflecting lenses, each single-layer reflecting lens is rotationally symmetrical about an optical axis, the inner surfaces of the single-layer reflecting lenses are reflecting surfaces, the shapes of the inner surfaces are conical curved surfaces, the radial distance between the single-layer reflecting lenses is gradually changed and is in a confocal point, and parallel or approximately parallel incident X-rays can be focused through single reflection in a grazing incidence mode. The invention can effectively improve the collection efficiency of X-ray photons and provides a simple, convenient and efficient focusing optical system for detecting weak X-ray photons under the non-imaging application conditions of X-ray pulsar navigation, X-ray communication and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to X-ray detection field, more particularly to a kind of X-ray focusing optics, detect in faint X-ray signal
There is significant application value in (such as X-ray pulsar navigation and X-ray communication etc.).
Background technology
In atomic weak x-ray photon detection application (such as X-ray pulsar navigation and X-ray deep space communication), due to visiting
Survey target emanation weaker, for reception signal photon as much as possible, the method for generally adopting there are two：One is increase X-ray
The area of detector, such as the large area x-ray pulse detection side spliced based on microchannel plate proposed by Chinese Academy of Sciences's Xi'an ray machine
Method (number of patent application：201110449030.7,201310283151.8).Two is, using X-ray focusing optics, to increase X-ray
Area is collected, then the x-ray photon collected is converged to into detector receiving plane.
Generally need to increase before large area x-ray detector collimator with wiping out background radiation of trying one's best, can be described as collimation
Type detector.Using the optical detector of X-ray focusing, usual detector area need not be very big, and this kind of detector can be described as
Focus type detector.Collimation-type detector can realize larger detection area, with covering that energy range is big, detection efficient compared with
The advantages of high and facility compact.But, as detector area increases, detector dark count rate and power consumption can be caused to increase therewith
Greatly, it will affect the extraction of signal photon.And focus type detector has less detector area, spatial charging grain can be made
The noise that son and scattered x-ray background cause is substantially reduced.As the application such as X-ray pulsar navigation and X-ray communication is only needed
X-ray photon is put together, and does not need real imaging and focusing.Therefore, study a kind of X-ray focusing of high-efficient simple
Optical system tool is of great significance, and can effectively reduce detector area, be X-ray pulsar navigation and X-ray depth
The similar applications such as empty communication establish technical foundation.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of efficient X-ray focusing optical system, its objective is to improve X-ray detection efficiency, is that X is penetrated
Technical foundation is established in the faint x-ray photon detection such as line pulsar navigation and X-ray communication.
The present invention technical solution be：
A kind of X-ray focusing optical system, including lens barrel, the reflecting optics group in lens barrel, bracing frame, which is special
Part be:
The reflecting optics group is the multi-layer sleeve structure that multiple monolayer reflecting optics are nested to form, each monolayer reflecting optics
Rotationally symmetrical with regard to optical axis, the inner surface of monolayer reflecting optics is reflecting surface, and inner surface is shaped as conical surface, monolayer reflection
Radial spacing gradual change and confocal point between eyeglass, X-ray that can be incident to parallel or less parallel in the way of glancing incidence
It is focused by individual reflection,
Following recurrence relation should be met between the reflecting surface of adjacent two layers eyeglass：
hi=L*tg θi
Wherein, L is length of the focusing system along optical axis direction；
hiFor i-th layer and the radial spacing of i+1 interlayer reflecting optics；
θiFor the grazing angle of i-th layer of reflecting optics；
F is Focused Optical system focal length；
DiFor the incidence end diameter of i-th layer of reflecting optics；
Support frame as described above is used to support fixation reflex eyeglass group so that in reflecting optics group, each layer reflecting optics can be according to
Corresponding spacing and angle are supported fixation.
Above-mentioned reflecting optics include the reflectance coating 32 of substrate 31 and evaporation in substrate, and the reflectance coating is monolayer or many
Layer, the reflectance coating 32 are located at the inner surface of reflecting optics.
The thickness of above-mentioned substrate 31 is 0.1～0.5mm.
The roughness of above-mentioned reflecting surface is less than 1nm.
Above-mentioned reflectance coating is metallic film, and material should be and atomic number larger material less to X-ray absorption coefficient.
The inner surface of above-mentioned reflecting optics is conical surface.
Above-mentioned lens barrel is used to be set with reflection multilayer eyeglass, is shaped as cylinder or polyhedron.
Above-mentioned each monolayer reflecting optics include the little eyeglass of multiple shape and structure identicals；
Support frame as described above includes central shaft and multiple positioning support disc, each positioning to support disc uniformly to divide around central shaft
Cloth.The groove of respective width and depth is carved with each piece of two surface of disc with different designs spacing, in reflecting optics group
The little eyeglass of composition monolayer reflection lens combination is positioned and is supported fixation.
Through hole is left at the center of above-mentioned central shaft, is easy to the X-ray of neighbouring optical axis directly to pass through.
Above-mentioned X-ray focusing optical system also includes that being arranged on reflecting optics group two ends prevents eyeglass stress crimp
First buffer layer 2 and second buffer layer 7；
Also include the first gland 1 for compressing first buffer layer and the second gland 8 for compressing second buffer layer.
The present invention compared with prior art, beneficial effect：
1st, the present invention can effectively improve x-ray photon collection efficiency, be X-ray pulsar navigation and X-ray communication etc.
The detection of faint x-ray photon under non-imaged applicable cases provides a kind of easy, efficient Focused Optical system.
2nd, X-ray focusing optical system of the present invention adopts individual reflection, relative to traditional Wolter I lens arrangements or
Two secondary reflections of Kirkpatrick-Baez structures, improve reflection efficiency；The present invention is spliced by multi-disc reflecting optics, constitutes
Multi-layer nested lens arrangement, reflecting mirror processing technique and coating process difficulty are substantially reduced, and implement relatively easy, can be effective
Reduce fabrication cycle, improve survival rate.
3rd, X-ray focusing optical system of the present invention can be additionally used in the collimation of X-ray.Due to the reversibility of light, except with
In the focusing to X-ray, the Focused Optical system applies also for the collimation of X-ray, is capable of achieving by different application modes
Different functions.Therefore the present invention has very strong practical and versatility, it is expected to lead in following X-ray pulsar navigation, X-ray
Play a significant role in letter and other related applications.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1-X-ray focusing schematic diagram；
Fig. 2-multilayer nest X-ray focusing optical Design figure；
Fig. 3-multilayer nest X-ray focusing optical application schematic diagram；
Fig. 4-X-ray focusing overall system architecture figure；
Fig. 5-monolithic reflecting optics structural representation；
Fig. 6-reflection multilayer eyeglass combination diagram；
Fig. 7-focusing system assembling design sketch；
Reference is：The first glands of 1-, 2- first buffer layers, the combination of 3- reflecting optics, 4- positioning support auxiliary plate, 5- mirrors
Cylinder, 6- central shafts, 7- second buffer layers, the second glands of 8-, 31- substrates, 32- reflectance coatings.
Specific embodiment
Below from the principle of the present invention, the present invention is elaborated with reference to accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1-3 show principle of the invention displaying, and the present invention is incident to parallel or less parallel using multigroup reflecting optics
X-ray by individual reflection with realize photon converge；Multigroup reflecting optics are by being spliced to form multi-layer nested lens arrangement.
Multi-layer nested structure can increase the light harvesting area of system, be easy to the detection to faint, atomic weak signal target light source.
As shown in figure 4, Focused Optical system of the present invention includes the first gland 1, first buffer layer 2, reflecting optics combine 3,
Positioning supports disc 4, lens barrel 5, central shaft 6, second buffer layer 7, second gland 8 etc..The reflecting surface of reflection multilayer eyeglass combination 3
It is focused for conical surface, and incident to parallel or less parallel X-ray individual reflection in the way of glancing incidence.Traditional
Wolter I focusing systems be imaging and focusing, it by rotational symmetric parabola and the confocal coupling of hyperboloid, by two secondary reflections
The focal imaging to X-ray is realized, reflection efficiency is relatively low.As reflection multilayer eyeglass of the present invention combination 3 can be using circle
Conical reflector realizes that individual reflection is focused on, and reflection efficiency is greatly improved.These multiple reflecting optics combine confocal point, and multilamellar is embedding
Cover and rotationally symmetrical with regard to optical axis.
Reflection multilayer eyeglass of the present invention combination 3 is by a series of conical surface speculum groups into specifically described below.
X-ray focusing optics of the present invention is realizing the focusing to X-ray using glancing incidence principle.Reflective mirror material is
Metal material, the critical grazing angle θ of metal materialcCan be calculated by following formula：
N thereineIt is media electronic density, e is electron charge, λ is X-ray wavelength, meFor electron mass, C is photon speed
Degree.
First, by formula (1), the x-ray photon energy meter of metallic film material and incidence according to used by reflecting optics is calculated
Critical angle θc.Under conditions of critical angle is met, different glancing incidence angles θ are set in Focused Optical systemiReflecting optics,
Enable reflection to the x-ray photon into the visual field on mirror surface, and by X-ray focusing to focus planardetector
On.
The design principle of nested type condenser lenses：1st, enable X-ray that glancing incidence occurs on the reflecting surface of eyeglass, it is desirable to
Glancing angle is sufficiently small；2nd, the chief ray of all nesting levels to be enable to converge；3rd, the reflecting surface of internal layer eyeglass should not blocked just
The incident ray of the reflecting surface of adjacent outward layer eyeglass, so that focusing system at utmost increases geometry light harvesting area.
Require to meet Focused Optical system, the grazing angle that light is formed with each layer mirror surface need to be according to each layer
Position gradual change is realizing light collection.Specific design process is as follows：
As shown in Fig. 2 in the case where reflecting optics depth information is not considered, being to ensure that multilamellar lens set meets relevant position and angle
Degree requires, needs to meet following recurrence relation between the reflecting surface of adjacent two layers eyeglass：
hi=L*tg θi, i=1,2 ... N (3)
Wherein, L is length of the focusing system along optical axis direction；
hiFor i-th layer and the radial spacing of i+1 interlayer reflecting optics；
θiFor the grazing angle of i-th layer of reflecting optics；
F is Focused Optical system focal length；
DiFor the incidence end diameter of i-th layer of reflecting optics.
As the optical incident bore D of focusing1In the case of determining with focal length f, can be according to formula (2)～formula (4) by internal layer
The bore D of mirror surfacei, adjacent two layers mirror surface interval hiAnd corresponding grazing angle θiSuccessively it is calculated.Due to most
The aperture of inner reflection eyeglass is restricted, and nested number of plies N of system just can determine.
After the completion of design, require with reference to processing technology, by width that rationally monolithic conical surface reflecting optics are set come
The corresponding conical surface of splicing composition.Meanwhile, multi-layer nested lens arrangement is constituted, to increase the light harvesting area of system.
As shown in figure 5, single reflecting optics include the laminated reflective film 32 of substrate 31 and evaporation in substrate.Reflecting optics
Substrate is low using intensity height, light weight, the coefficient of expansion and the material of physical and chemical performance stability, can be metal material or non-
Metal material, such as aluminum, glass etc..In order to increase the transmitance of Focused Optical system, the thickness of substrate 31 should be as far as possible thin, generally
0.1～0.5mm.The surface smoothness requirements of mirror surface are higher, are typically only less than in the mirror surface roughness of eyeglass
Obvious reflection can occur in the case of 1nm.Will if reflecting mirror fineness itself can not meet X-ray glancing incidence
Ask, need to also be in substrate material surface metal-coated films.Metallic film material should be and atomic number less to X-ray absorption coefficient
The materials such as larger material, such as Au, Ni, Pt, Ir and Cr, plated film mode can adopt electron beam evaporation deposition or magnetron sputtering
Deng.
After the completion of reflecting optics plated film, eyeglass is sequentially loaded in focusing barrel according to order, it is equal per a piece of reflecting optics
Support auxiliary plate 4 to position and fix by both sides positioning, during assembling, answer strict guarantee assembly precision.Positioning supports 4 Main Function of disc
It is that each eyeglass in lens combination 3 is positioned and fixed, supports the quantity of positioning disc 4 to be determined according to specifically used requirement.
Generally, each disc is uniformly distributed around central shaft.Each piece of two surface of disc corresponding width is carved with different designs spacing
The groove of degree and depth, for being positioned to reflecting optics combination 2 and being supported fixation.Positioning disc 4 is supported to need Precision Machining,
Guarantee the positional precision of the corresponding groove in disc both sides.The material of positioning disc 4 is supported generally also to adopt metal material, such as aluminum, stainless
Steel etc..Center of the central shaft 6 for whole Focused Optical system, the center of central shaft 6 are the through hole of certain diameter, in being so easy to
X-ray near heart axle is directly through arrival detector.Central shaft 6 can also possess positioning and support to supporting positioning disc 4
Effect.
Treat that all reflecting optics are installed successively, focus on optics both ends of the surface and place first buffer layer 2 and second buffer layer
7, while being fixed with the first gland 1 and the second gland 8, it is ensured that reflecting optics are reliably fixed, 2 He of first buffer layer therein
Second buffer layer 7 prevents eyeglass stress crimp for the buffering to lens combination 3.First buffer layer 2 and second buffer layer
7 should be the material with excellent resilient properties, such as rubber etc.；First gland 1 and the second gland 8 abut first buffer layer 2 and the
Two cushions 7, for the fixation to Focused Optical system lens combination 3.First gland 1 and 8 material of the second gland are generally gold
Category material.
Central shaft 6 can constitute one, being integrally formed part, to improve corresponding assembly precision with positioning disc 4 is supported.In
Heart axle 6 can be with the first gland 1 or the integrated part of one of them composition of the second gland 8, it is also possible to and the first gland 1 and second
Gland 8 collectively constitutes integrated part, depending on concrete mode is according to practical situations.
Optical tubess 5 are focused on entirely to focus on optical support member, profile can be cylinder or polyhedron.Using multiaspect
Body is conducive to the splicing of multiple focusing systems, can realize greater area of X-ray focusing, can adopt octahedral structure, root
Factually border Application Design, may also be employed cylinder or other is polyhedron-shaped.
As shown in fig. 7, the Focused Optical system schematic diagram after as assembling.Detector is placed on into Focused Optical system
Focal plane, that is, realize the focusing to incident x-ray photons.
Due to the reversibility of light, except for the focusing to X-ray, Focused Optical system of the present invention applies also for X
The collimation of ray.During for X-ray focusing, multilamellar curved surface sleeve combination heavy caliber end is incidence end；When collimating for X-ray,
Multilamellar curved surface sleeve combination small-caliber end is incidence end.No longer describe with regard to the specific embodiment for X-ray collimation.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of X-ray focusing optical system, including lens barrel, the reflecting optics group in lens barrel, bracing frame, its feature exist
In:
The reflecting optics group is the multi-layer sleeve structure that multiple monolayer reflecting optics are nested to form, each monolayer reflecting optics with regard to
Optical axis is rotationally symmetrical, the inner surface of monolayer reflecting optics is reflecting surface, and inner surface is shaped as conical surface, monolayer reflecting optics
Between radial spacing gradual change and confocal point, X-ray that can be incident to parallel or less parallel in the way of glancing incidence passes through
Individual reflection is focused,
Following recurrence relation should be met between the reflecting surface of adjacent two layers eyeglass：
hi=L*tg θi
Wherein, L is length of the focusing system along optical axis direction；
hiFor i-th layer and the radial spacing of i+1 interlayer reflecting optics；
θiFor the grazing angle of i-th layer of reflecting optics；
F is Focused Optical system focal length；
DiFor the incidence end diameter of i-th layer of reflecting optics；
Support frame as described above is used to support fixation reflex eyeglass group so that in reflecting optics group, each layer reflecting optics can be according to corresponding
Spacing and angle are supported fixation.
2. X-ray focusing optical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The reflecting optics include the reflectance coating of substrate and evaporation in substrate, and the reflectance coating is single or multiple lift, described anti-
Penetrate inner surface of the film positioned at reflecting optics.
3. X-ray focusing optical system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The thickness of the substrate be 0.1～
0.5mm。
4. X-ray focusing optical system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The roughness of the reflecting surface is less than
1nm。
5. X-ray focusing optical system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The reflectance coating be metallic film, material
Material should be and atomic number larger material less to X-ray absorption coefficient.
6. the X-ray focusing optical system according to one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterised in that：The reflecting optics it is interior
Surface is conical surface.
7. X-ray focusing optical system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The lens barrel is anti-for being set with multilamellar
Eyeglass is penetrated, cylinder or polyhedron is shaped as.
8. X-ray focusing optical system according to claim 7, its feature exist：
Each monolayer reflecting optics include the little eyeglass of multiple shape and structure identicals；
Support frame as described above includes central shaft and multiple positioning support disc, each positioning to support disc to be uniformly distributed around central shaft；
The groove of respective width and depth is carved with each piece of two surface of disc with different designs spacing, for the composition in reflecting optics group
The little eyeglass of monolayer reflection lens combination is positioned and is supported fixation.
9. X-ray focusing optical system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：Leave logical in the center of the central shaft
Hole, is easy to the X-ray of neighbouring optical axis directly to pass through.
10. X-ray focusing optical system according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterised in that：
Also include that being arranged on reflecting optics group two ends prevents the first buffer layer and second buffer layer of eyeglass stress crimp；
Also include the first gland for compressing first buffer layer and the second gland for compressing second buffer layer.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104835544B (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2017-07-07 | 北京控制工程研究所 | A kind of space X ray shielding device for pulsar navigation |
| CN104865050B (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2017-05-31 | 北京控制工程研究所 | Grazing incidence optics system focusing performance analysis method based on X-ray optical simulation |
| CN105093484B (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2017-12-22 | 北京控制工程研究所 | A kind of multilayer nest circular conical surface type X ray grazing incidence optics camera lens |
| JP6857400B2 (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2021-04-14 | 株式会社リガク | X-ray generator and X-ray analyzer |
| CN108519653A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-09-11 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | A kind of infrared light focusing device based on annular mirror |
| CN111722264B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2023-02-03 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Adjusting method and application of X-ray multilayer film reflecting mirror |
| CN111896227B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2022-09-27 | 北京控制工程研究所 | X-ray focusing optical lens reflectivity calibration system and method |
| CN113936839B (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-06-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for quickly assembling and adjusting multi-layer nested X-ray focusing lens under active force control |
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