CN104532231A - Method for preparing composite coating Ni3Al/Cr3C2 by use of laser cladding technique - Google Patents

Method for preparing composite coating Ni3Al/Cr3C2 by use of laser cladding technique Download PDF

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CN104532231A
CN104532231A CN201410822105.5A CN201410822105A CN104532231A CN 104532231 A CN104532231 A CN 104532231A CN 201410822105 A CN201410822105 A CN 201410822105A CN 104532231 A CN104532231 A CN 104532231A
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ferrous materials
powder
coating
laser
mixture
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CN104532231B (en
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赵琳
田志凌
韩伟
李长海
张岩
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Central Iron and Steel Research Institute
New Metallurgy Hi Tech Group Co Ltd
China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group
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Central Iron and Steel Research Institute
New Metallurgy Hi Tech Group Co Ltd
China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a composite coating Ni3Al/Cr3C2 by use of a laser cladding technique. The method comprises the following steps: pretreating the surface of a steel material to remove oil contamination and impurities attached on the surface of the steel material; adding Cr3C2 powder to Ni3Al powder and mixing evenly to obtain the mixture of the Ni3Al and the Cr3C2, wherein the content of the Cr3C2 in the mixture is 10wt% to 50wt%; and cladding the mixture on the surface of the steel material by use of the laser cladding technique so that the mixture is formed into the composite coating Ni3Al/Cr3C2 on the surface of the steel material. The composite coating Ni3Al/Cr3C2 obtained by use of the method has remarkable wear-resisting property.

Description

Laser melting and coating technique is utilized to prepare the method for Ni3Al/Cr3C2 compound coating
Technical field
The invention belongs to material processing field, specifically, the present invention relates to one and utilize laser melting and coating technique to prepare Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the method of compound coating.
Background technology
Heavy duty diesel engine has that thermo-efficiency is high, power range is wide, the advantage such as power weight ratio and power to volume ratio preferably, is boats and ships, heavily blocks topmost support equipment.At present, heavy duty diesel engine is towards the future development of high mechanical load, high heat load and low emission, and this just makes the technology such as straight spray, supercharging start to be widely used.But, because the application of the directly technology such as spray, supercharging makes the Working environment of diesel motor internal heat power machine and high temperature gearing friction parts become further severe, therefore result in the key components and partss such as the bent axle of diesel motor, vent valve, piston to lose efficacy because of burn into overwear vt. and/or scaling loss, thus had a strong impact on the work-ing life of component and the job stability of diesel motor, cause annual diesel motor to lose efficacy the massive losses caused because of component thus.Based on above-mentioned analysis, in order to tackle the ability of following high capacity, elevated operating temperature Service Environment, improving wear resisting property and the work-ing life of heavy duty diesel engine key components and parts, is an important topic of marine diesel engine and heavily card diesel motor development.
By showing the research of diesel motor key components and parts running condition and failure mechanism, the most inefficacy of component occurs in component surface, the effective way of thus preventing and treating inefficacy is carried out surface treatment when the manufacture of product innovation component to its surface or carries out surface reconditioning to the component of wearing and tearing, and apply suitable process for modifying surface to improve the work-ing life of component.
The more surface modification technology of current industrial application comprises electrodeposited chromium, thermospray, built-up welding etc.The coating impurity of electrodeposited chromium is less, and structure is carefully fine and close, and hardness can reach 700-1000HV, but chrome-plated process environmental pollution is comparatively large, and chromium coating thickness is generally several micron, easily comes off, and therefore cannot meet the requirement of diesel engine long-time running.Hot-spraying techniques technique is flexible, applied range, the coating of Different matching different performance can be obtained by coated designs, it is one of conventional coating process of current heavy duty diesel engine, but mainly mechanical bond between hot spray coating and matrix, easily obscission is there is, the general and porosity of coating uniformity and internal stress is larger etc. also becomes the key issue restricting hot spray coating use properties in high temperature heavy load stress alternation situation.Technique for overlaying has lower cost, coating and matrix metallurgical binding, and resurfacing welding material development is comparatively complete, but built-up welding produces larger thermal stresses to matrix, and the process of part precision component has certain limitation.Therefore, for heavy duty diesel engine key components and parts wear problem, how preparing a kind of wear-resistant coating with high-temp and high-strength becomes in prior art and needs technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of utilize laser melting and coating technique to prepare to have weave construction densification, with the Ni that bonding strength is high and wear resistance is good of matrix 3al/Cr 3c 2the method of compound coating.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, provide one and utilize laser melting and coating technique to prepare Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the method of compound coating, said method comprising the steps of: carry out pre-treatment to the surface of ferrous materials, to remove greasy dirt and the impurity on the surface being attached to ferrous materials; By Cr 3c 2powder adds Ni to 3mix in Al powder, obtain Ni 3al and Cr 3c 2mixture, wherein, Cr in described mixture 3c 2content be 10wt% ~ 50wt%; Utilize laser melting and coating technique by the surface of mixture cladding at ferrous materials, form Ni to make mixture on the surface of ferrous materials 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, Ni 3the chemical constitution of Al powder can be: the B of Ti and the 0.1wt% ~ 0.5wt% of Mn, 0.4wt% of Fe, 0.3wt% of Al, 9.0wt% of 8.0wt% ~ 13.0wt% ~ 13.0wt% ~ 0.9wt% ~ 0.7wt%, surplus is Ni and inevitable impurity.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, Ni 3al powder and Cr 3c 2the particle size range of often kind of powder in powder can be 45 μm ~ 150 μm.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the technical parameter of laser melting and coating technique can be as follows: laser melting coating power is 1200W ~ 3000W, sweep velocity is 0.18m/min ~ 0.60m/min, laser beam is circular light spot or rectangular light spot, laser melting coating shielding gas is argon gas, and gas flow is 15L/min-30L/min, wherein, when laser beam is circular light spot, the diameter of circular light spot is 2mm ~ 5mm; When laser beam is rectangular light spot, the length of rectangular light spot is 5mm ~ 20mm, and width is 1mm ~ 10mm.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, form Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the step of compound coating can comprise: the surface described mixture being preset in ferrous materials, to form initialization layer, then utilizes laser melting and coating technique by the surface of initialization layer cladding at ferrous materials, thus forms Ni on the surface of ferrous materials 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, form Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the step of compound coating can comprise: the surface to ferrous materials provides mixture and carries out laser scanning to the surface of ferrous materials simultaneously, thus forms Ni on the surface of ferrous materials 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating.Preferably, Ni is formed 3al/Cr 3c 2the step of compound coating can comprise and adopts the mode of coaxial or paraxonic powder feeding provide mixture to the surface of ferrous materials and carry out laser scanning (namely to the surface of ferrous materials simultaneously, adopt mode that is coaxial or paraxonic powder-feeding laser melting-painting) by the surface of mixture cladding at ferrous materials, form Ni to make described mixture on the surface of ferrous materials 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating, powder sending quantity that is coaxial or paraxonic powder feeding can be 5g/min ~ 35g/min.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the laser of use can be optical-fiber laser, CO 2laser, Nd:YAG laser or semiconductor bulk laser.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the thickness of compound coating can be 0.5mm ~ 2.0mm, and average hardness can be not less than 500HV.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, at the Ni that the surface of ferrous materials is formed 3al/Cr 3c 2in compound coating, there is the hard particles phase of the carbide of the chromium being mainly in-situ authigenic, the carbide of described chromium in pelletized form or lamellar be evenly distributed on Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2in compound coating.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, ferrous materials can be the one in carbon steel, steel alloy, heat-resistance stainless steel and cast iron.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the thickness of compound coating can be 0.5mm ~ 2.0mm, and average hardness can be not less than 500HV.
The Ni that method according to the present invention is prepared 3al/Cr 3c 2laser compound coating has fine and close weave construction, and high with the bonding strength of matrix (ferrous materials), and wear resisting property is good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 illustrates the Ni utilizing laser melting and coating technique to prepare according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention 3al/Cr 3c 2the microstructure of compound coating.
Fig. 2 illustrates the Ni utilizing laser melting and coating technique to prepare according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention 3al/Cr 3c 2the microstructure of compound coating.
Fig. 3 illustrates the Ni utilizing laser melting and coating technique to prepare according to exemplary embodiment of the present invention 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating and nickel-base alloy N60 compound coating, the medium carbon steel 45 according to prior art #the contrast of steel and the reduced gravity situations of graphitic cast iron under specific abrasive condition.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of laser melting and coating technique and prepare Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the method of compound coating.The method utilizes laser melting and coating technique, makes the Ni prepared 3al/Cr 3c 2the advantages such as laser compound coating has weave construction densification, high and wear resisting property is good with the bonding strength of matrix (ferrous materials).
Below will describe the laser melting and coating technique that utilizes of the present invention in detail and prepare Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the method of compound coating, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment of following detailed description.On the contrary, provide following exemplary embodiment and accompanying drawing object thereof to be to make those skilled in the art understand inventive concept of the present invention more easily, and by claim, protection scope of the present invention is passed to those skilled in the art.
The laser melting and coating technique that utilizes according to the present invention prepares Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the method of compound coating comprises the steps.
First, pre-treatment is carried out to the surface of ferrous materials, to remove greasy dirt and the impurity on the surface of ferrous materials.Specifically, due to ferrous materials in transport, storE its surface in process and easily contact greasy dirt, empty G&W etc.Therefore, for ensureing that ferrous materials and coating have good bonding strength, before to the surface modification of ferrous materials, need to remove greasy dirt on its surface and/or with the zone of oxidation etc. that generates in water and air contact process.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, ferrous materials can be the one in carbon steel, steel alloy, heat-resistance stainless steel and cast iron, but the present invention is not limited to this.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, for the greasy dirt on the surface of ferrous materials, the method that can with an organic solvent remove; For the zone of oxidation on the surface of ferrous materials, the chemical processes such as physical method or pickling such as sand papering can be used to remove, but the present invention is not limited to this.That is, those skilled in the art under the teachings of the present invention, can adopt other the surface to ferrous materials existed in prior art to carry out pretreated method.
Then, by Cr 3c 2powder adds Ni to 3mix in Al powdered alloy, obtain Ni 3al and Cr 3c 2mixture, wherein, Cr 3c 2the addition of powder accounts for Ni 3al and Cr 3c 210wt% ~ the 50wt% of the total amount of the mixture formed.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, Ni 3the chemical constitution of Al powdered alloy can be: the B of Ti and the 0.1wt% ~ 0.5wt% of Mn, 0.4wt% of Fe, 0.3wt of Al, 9.0wt% of 8.0wt% ~ 13.0wt% ~ 13.0wt% ~ 0.9wt% ~ 0.7wt%, surplus is Ni and inevitable impurity.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, Ni 3al powdered alloy and Cr 3c 2the particle diameter of powder all can in the scope of 45 μm ~ 150 μm.Here, those skilled in the art under the teachings of the present invention, can obtain having the Ni expecting granularity 3al powdered alloy and Cr 3c 2powder.In addition, Ni 3al powdered alloy and Cr 3c 2the granularity of powder can be identical, also can be different, is not particularly limited at this.
Then, utilize laser melting and coating technique by mixture (Cr 3c 2powder and Ni 3the mixture of Al powder) cladding on the surface of ferrous materials, thus forms on the surface of ferrous materials and has the Ni of high-wearing feature and high bond strength 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating.
Specifically, laser melting and coating technique process mixture (Cr is utilized 3c 2powder and Ni 3al powder is by the mixed mixture of predetermined proportion) thin layer on the surface of itself and ferrous materials can be melted simultaneously, and make it form Ni after solidification 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating, thus the surface modification realizing ferrous materials.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention; the technical parameter of laser melting and coating technique can be as follows: laser melting coating power can be 1200W ~ 3000W; sweep velocity can be 0.18m/min ~ 0.60m/min; laser beam can be circular light spot or rectangular light spot; laser melting coating shielding gas can be argon gas, and gas flow can be 15L/min-30L/min.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, when laser beam is circular light spot, the diameter of circular light spot can be 2mm ~ 5mm; When laser beam is rectangular light spot, the length of rectangular light spot can be 5mm ~ 20mm, and width can be 1mm ~ 10mm.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, when preparing Large area coatings, can carry out multiple tracks melting and coating process, the amount of lap between its twice melting and coating process can be: the amount of lap of circular light spot is the amount of lap of 1/3 or rectangular light spot of its area is 1mm ~ 3mm, but the present invention is not limited to this.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the laser melting and coating process of such as coaxial powder-feeding and paraxonic powder feeding can be adopted the surface of mixture cladding at ferrous materials, thus mixture can be made to cover the surface of ferrous materials quickly and easily equably to form Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating.In this case, laser scanning is carried out to the surface of ferrous materials and provides mixture to carry out to the surface of ferrous materials simultaneously, but the present invention is not limited to this.According to one embodiment of present invention, the surface that the mode of such as fore-put powder can be adopted first mixture to be placed in advance ferrous materials forms initialization layer, then utilize laser melting and coating technique by the surface of initialization layer cladding at ferrous materials, thus form Ni on the surface of ferrous materials 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating.According to another embodiment of the present invention, adopt mode that is coaxial or paraxonic powder feeding to perform laser melting and coating process, wherein, powder sending quantity can be 5g/min ~ 35g/min, can make like this mixture can more equably cladding on the surface of ferrous materials.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, CO can be used 2laser, Nd:YAG laser or semiconductor bulk laser or optical-fiber laser, but the present invention is not limited to this.
The Ni that method according to the present invention obtains 3al/Cr 3c 2the thickness of compound coating can be 0.5mm ~ 2.0mm, and average hardness is not less than 500HV.
By microscopic examination equipment such as such as SEM, can clearly observe: the Ni that method according to the present invention obtains 3al/Cr 3c 2hard particles in compound coating is mainly the Cr of such as in-situ authigenic mutually 7c 3and Cr 3c 2deng the carbide of chromium, wherein, the carbide of described chromium is in pelletized form or lamellar being uniformly distributed in the coating.
More than describe the present invention in conjunction with exemplary embodiment, by the detailed description of the composition to powder, powder feeding technique and coating produced by laser cladding technique, those skilled in the art can be prepared have weave construction densification, the Ni that bonding strength is high and wear resistance is good with matrix according to detailed description above 3al/Cr 3c 2laser compound coating.In addition, by the further describing by reference to the accompanying drawings of concrete example below, the beneficial effect of the specific embodiment of the present invention and generation thereof is made to become more obvious.
Below will describe concrete example of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings, wherein, Fig. 1 illustrates the Ni utilizing laser melting and coating technique to prepare according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention 3al/Cr 3c 2the microstructure of compound coating; Fig. 2 illustrates the Ni utilizing laser melting and coating technique to prepare according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention 3al/Cr 3c 2the microstructure of compound coating; Fig. 3 illustrates the Ni utilizing laser melting and coating technique to prepare according to exemplary embodiment of the present invention 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating and nickel-base alloy N60 compound coating, medium carbon steel 45 #the contrast of steel and the reduced gravity situations of graphitic cast iron under specific abrasive condition.
Example 1
To 45 #pre-treatment is carried out on the surface of steel, to remove the greasy dirt and impurity that are attached to its surface.At the Ni that particle size range is 50 μm ~ 120 μm 3the Cr that particle size range is 50 μm ~ 120 μm is added in Al powder 3c 2powder, makes the Ni of formation 3al powder and Cr 3c 2cr in the mixture of powder 3c 2the content of powder is 20wt%, wherein, and Ni 3the chemical constitution of Al powder is: the B of Ti, 0.2wt% of Mn, 0.55wt% of Fe, 0.8wt% of Al, 12.5wt% of 9.5wt%, and surplus is Ni and inevitable impurity.Then by Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the mixing of mixture machinery.Adopt coaxial powder-feeding mode, the Ni will mixed with the powder sending quantity of 15g/min 3al/Cr 3c 2powder is overlying on 45 #the surface of steel, utilizes CO simultaneously 2laser carries out laser melting coating, and wherein, laser melting coating power is 1500W, and sweep velocity is 0.48m/min, and laser circular light spot diameter is 3mm, and laser melting coating shielding gas is argon gas, and argon flow amount is 15L/min.
By the Ni that laser melting and coating technique obtains 3al/Cr 3c 2the thickness of compound coating is 1.0mm, and coating average hardness is 580HV, and its microstructure as shown in Figure 1, wherein, can be found out by Fig. 1 microstructure, the Ni obtained by the method for this example 3al/Cr 3c 2the matrix of compound coating is Ni 3al, grey black sheet is organized as the Cr of in-situ authigenic 7c 3and/or Cr 3c 2chromium carbide.Under the dry friction condition that load is 5MPa (face rubs, and is graphitic cast iron to mill material), according to Ni prepared by this example 3al/Cr 3c 2the wear rate of compound coating is 0.65 × 10 -5mm 3/ (Nm), therefore has good wear resisting property.
Example 2
Pre-treatment is carried out to the surface of vermicular cast iron, to remove the greasy dirt and impurity that are attached to its surface.At the Ni that particle size range is 75 μm ~ 120 μm 3the Cr that particle size range is 75 μm ~ 120 μm is added in Al powder 3c 2powder, makes the Ni of formation 3al powder and Cr 3c 2cr in the mixture of powder 3c 2the content of powder is 35wt%, wherein, and Ni 3the chemical constitution of Al powder is: the B of Ti, 0.3wt% of Mn, 0.5wt% of Fe, 0.45wt% of Al, 9.5wt% of 8.0wt%, and surplus is Ni and inevitable impurity.Then by Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the mixing of mixture machinery.Adopt paraxonic automatic powder feeding system, the Ni will mixed with the powder sending quantity of 25g/min 3al/Cr 3c 2powder delivers to vermicular cast iron surface, utilizes optical-fiber laser to carry out laser melting coating, wherein simultaneously; laser melting coating power is 2100W, and sweep velocity is 0.3m/min, and laser rectangular light spot is of a size of 5mm × 5mm; laser melting coating shielding gas is argon gas, and the gas flow of argon gas is 25L/min.
By the Ni that laser melting and coating technique obtains 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating thickness is 1.5mm, and coating average hardness is 690HV, and its microstructure as shown in Figure 2.Under load is 8MPa dry friction condition (face rubs, and is graphitic cast iron to mill material), laser melting coating Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the wear rate of compound coating is 0.31 × 10 -5mm 3/ (Nm), the wear rate of the vermicular cast iron of material is 3.46 × 10 as a comparison -5mm 3/ (Nm).Through relatively drawing, there is Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the abrasion loss of the vermicular cast iron of compound coating is equivalent to 1/11 of the vermicular cast iron not having compound coating, namely according to Ni prepared by this example 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating can significantly improve the wear resisting property of matrix.
Example 3
Pre-treatment is carried out on heat-resistance stainless steel surface, to remove the greasy dirt and impurity that are attached to its surface.At the Ni that particle size range is 75 μm ~ 150 μm 3the Cr that particle size range is 75 μm ~ 150 μm is added in Al powder 3c 2powder, makes the Ni of formation 3al powdered alloy and Cr 3c 2cr in the mixture of powder 3c 2the content of powder is 30wt%, wherein, and Ni 3the chemical constitution of Al powder is: the B of Ti, 0.2wt% of Mn, 0.6wt% of Fe, 0.6wt% of Al, 10.0wt% of 10.5wt%, and surplus is Ni and inevitable impurity.Then by Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the mixing of mixture machinery.Adopt fore-put powder mode, by the Ni mixed 3al/Cr 3c 2powder is preset in heat-resistance stainless steel surface, utilizes semiconductor laser to carry out laser melting coating, wherein simultaneously; laser melting coating power is 2400W, and sweep velocity is 0.24m/min, and laser rectangular light spot is of a size of 2.5mm × 10mm; laser melting coating shielding gas is argon gas, and argon flow amount is 30L/min.
The Ni that laser melting coating obtains 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating thickness 2.0mm, coating average hardness is 660HV.
Be (face rubs, and is graphitic cast iron to mill material) under the dry friction condition of 8MPa, temperature 300 DEG C in load, prepared according to the methods of the invention Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the wear rate of compound coating is 0.76 × 10 -5mm 3/ (Nm), therefore has good wear resistance at elevated temperature.
Example 4
By 45 #pre-treatment is carried out on steel surface, to remove the greasy dirt and impurity that are attached to its surface.At the Ni that particle size range is 45 μm ~ 150 μm 3the Cr that particle size range is 45 μm ~ 150 μm is added in Al powder 3c 2powder, makes the Ni of formation 3al powder and Cr 3c 2cr in the mixture of powder 3c 2the content of powder is 45wt%, wherein, and Ni 3the chemical constitution of Al powder is: the B of Ti, 0.15wt% of Mn, 0.4wt% of Fe, 0.75wt% of Al, 11.5wt% of 9.0wt%, and surplus is Ni and inevitable impurity.Then by Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the mixing of mixture machinery.Adopt coaxial powder-feeding mode, the Ni will mixed with the powder sending quantity of 30g/min 3al/Cr 3c 2powder delivers to 45 #the surface of steel, use optical-fiber laser to carry out laser melting coating, wherein, laser melting coating power is 3000W, and sweep velocity is 0.36m/min, and laser rectangular light spot is of a size of 15mm × 5mm, and amount of lap is 2mm simultaneously.Laser melting coating shielding gas is argon gas, and the gas flow of argon gas is 30L/min.The Ni that laser melting coating obtains 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating thickness is 1.0mm, and coating average hardness is 710HV.Under load is 100N xerotripsis condition (some friction is GCr15 to mill material), according to laser melting coating Ni prepared by this example 3al/Cr 3c 2the wear weight loss of compound coating is 0.51mg (as shown in Figure 3), and contrast material 45 #the wear weight loss of steel is 9.87mg, Cr5 steel wear weight loss is 9.46mg, and the wear weight loss of the nickel-base alloy Ni60 layer utilizing laser melting and coating technique to be formed is 1.26mg.Through relatively drawing, prepared according to the methods of the invention laser melting coating Ni 3al/Cr 3c 240% of compound coating abrasion loss suitable nickel-base alloy Ni60 laser cladding layer, therefore it has good wear resistance.
Therefore, based on the specific descriptions of above-mentioned example, according to the Ni utilizing laser melting and coating technique to prepare of the present invention 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating has excellent wear resisting property, and can improve the bonding properties with ferrous materials.
In the prior art, still do not exist and utilize laser melting and coating technique to prepare Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the precedent of compound coating.The invention discloses one utilizes laser melting and coating technique to prepare Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the method of compound coating, the method by utilize laser melting and coating technique and with limit Ni 3al and Cr 3c 2size composition and the component content of powder combine, thus have prepared the Ni with high-wearing feature and high bond strength 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating.Especially, according to the Ni that method disclosed by the invention is prepared 3al/Cr 3c 2chromium carbide containing in-situ authigenic in compound coating, and the chromium carbide of this in-situ authigenic can increase substantially Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the wear resistance especially high temperature abrasion resistance of compound coating, this just further increasing Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the wear resisting property of compound coating.
Although the present invention has been described in detail its preferred exemplary, those skilled in the art still can take to change laser type, Cr 3c 2content of powder, Ni 3the technical parameters such as the prealloy other types composite powder of Al and carbide implement the present invention, and in the scope not departing from design philosophy of the present invention, can carry out various changes and modifications, these changes all belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. one kind utilizes laser melting and coating technique to prepare Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2the method of compound coating, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
Pre-treatment is carried out to the surface of ferrous materials, to remove greasy dirt and the impurity on the surface being attached to ferrous materials;
By Cr 3c 2powder adds Ni to 3mix in Al powder, obtain Ni 3al and Cr 3c 2mixture, wherein, Cr in described mixture 3c 2content be 10wt% ~ 50wt%;
Utilize laser melting and coating technique by the surface of mixture cladding at ferrous materials, form Ni to make mixture on the surface of ferrous materials 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, Ni 3the chemical constitution of Al powder is: the B of Ti and the 0.1wt% ~ 0.5wt% of Mn, 0.4wt% of Fe, 0.3wt% of Al, 9.0wt% of 8.0wt% ~ 13.0wt% ~ 13.0wt% ~ 0.9wt% ~ 0.7wt%, surplus is Ni and inevitable impurity.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, Ni 3al powder and Cr 3c 2the particle size range of often kind of powder in powder is 45 μm ~ 150 μm.
4. the method for claim 1; it is characterized in that; the technical parameter of laser melting and coating technique is as follows: laser melting coating power is 1200W ~ 3000W; sweep velocity is 0.18m/min ~ 0.60m/min; laser beam is circular light spot or rectangular light spot; laser melting coating shielding gas is argon gas, and gas flow is 15L/min-30L/min
Wherein, when laser beam is circular light spot, the diameter of circular light spot is 2mm ~ 5mm; When laser beam is rectangular light spot, the length of rectangular light spot is 5mm ~ 20mm, and width is 1mm ~ 10mm.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, laser melting and coating technique is utilized the step of mixture cladding on the surface of ferrous materials to be comprised: described mixture to be preset in the surface of ferrous materials to form initialization layer, then utilize laser melting and coating technique by the surface of initialization layer cladding at ferrous materials, thus form Ni on the surface of ferrous materials 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating.
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, utilize laser melting and coating technique the step of mixture cladding on the surface of ferrous materials to be comprised: the surface to ferrous materials provides mixture and carries out laser scanning to the surface of ferrous materials simultaneously, thus form Ni on the surface of ferrous materials 3al/Cr 3c 2compound coating,
Wherein, adopt the mode of coaxial powder-feeding or paraxonic powder feeding provide mixture to the surface of ferrous materials and carry out laser scanning to the surface of ferrous materials simultaneously, the powder sending quantity of coaxial powder-feeding or paraxonic powder feeding is 5g/min ~ 35g/min.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the laser that laser melting and coating technique uses is optical-fiber laser, CO 2laser, Nd:YAG laser or semiconductor laser.
8. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, at the Ni that the surface of ferrous materials is formed 3al/Cr 3c 2the thickness of compound coating is 0.5mm ~ 2.0mm, and average hardness is not less than 500HV.
9. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, at the Ni that the surface of ferrous materials is formed 3al/Cr 3c 2in compound coating, there is the hard particles phase of the carbide of the chromium being mainly in-situ authigenic, the carbide of described chromium in pelletized form or lamellar be evenly distributed on Ni 3al/Cr 3c 2in compound coating.
10. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, ferrous materials is the one in carbon steel, steel alloy, heat-resistance stainless steel and cast iron.
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