A kind of preparation method of wear-resistant gear
Technical field
The invention belongs to Field of Heat-treatment, particularly relate to a kind of preparation method of wear-resistant gear.
Background technology
The gear of wind-driven generator adopts alloy carburizing steel manufacture.Workpiece is shaped through blanking, forging, normalizing, machining, carburizing, quenching, precision grinding process.Such steel alloy has excellent intensity and toughness, but there is the shortcomings such as hardness is not high, wear resistance is not strong.The working life improving gear becomes the short slab improving gear industry competitive power, in decades people round how to improve gear wear resistance problem on done a lot of work, but effect is little, therefore be badly in need of finding a kind of method and overcome above-mentioned technical problem, even if it is also worth for sacrificing into the object originally reaching above-mentioned wear resistance and contact fatigue strength.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the preparation method proposing a kind of wear-resistant gear;
A kind of preparation method of wear-resistant gear, the chemical composition of described gear is made up of following component according to weight percent: the copper of the molybdenum of the silicon of the carbon of 2.25 ~ 2.58%, the chromium of 3.9-4.5%, 0.12-0.28%, the manganese of 0.32-0.56%, 2.98-3.58%, the nickel of 0.12-0.28%, 0.16-0.21%, the vanadium of 11.2-12.6%, 0.11 ~ 0.18% rare earth, be not more than 0.06% sulphur, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity; By the steel of said components by after casting and forging formative gear, heat-treat;
Described thermal treatment comprises the steps:
1) preheating: whole gear is put into box type heater and carry out thermal pretreatment, preheating temperature is 360 ~ 440 DEG C, and the preheating insulation time is 15 ~ 22min;
2) normalizing: the gear after preheating is heated to 930 ~ 980 DEG C, insulation 60 ~ 90min, then water-cooled to 630 ~ 680 DEG C, insulation 110 ~ 180min, air-cooled to room temperature;
3) instant heating: adopt high-frequency quenching ruhmkorff coil to carry out instant heating, first the teeth portion of gear is heated to 200 ~ 280 DEG C by routine, then the power of radio-frequency induction coil is adjusted to 600 ~ 810KW, within the time being not more than 2s, makes the temperature rapid temperature increases of gear tooth to 910 ~ 940 DEG C.
4) selective hardening: be incubated 40 ~ 70s at the temperature of 910 ~ 940 DEG C in temperature, water-cooled, to 620 ~ 680 DEG C, is incubated 30 ~ 60s, water-cooled is to 310 ~ 360 DEG C, and insulation 15 ~ 38s, is cooled to room temperature;
5) tempering: whole gear is put into tempering stove, is heated to 200 ~ 230 DEG C, insulation 2.2 ~ 3.8h, air cooling;
6) freezing treatment: whole gear is put into refrigerated tank, reduces the temperature to-67 ~-82 DEG C, freezing treatment 1 ~ 3.2h;
7) second time selective hardening: adopt selective hardening coil to heat tooth root, Heating temperature is 960 ~ 986 DEG C, insulation 30 ~ 80s, water-cooled is to 480 ~ 500 DEG C, and be incubated 30 ~ 50s, then water-cooled is to 280 ~ 295 DEG C, and insulation 18 ~ 30s, is then cooled to room temperature;
8) second time tempering: whole gear is put into tempering stove, is heated to 180 ~ 210 DEG C, insulation 2.8 ~ 3.8h, air cooling;
9) carburizing: gear is put into cementing furnace, is heated to 910 ~ 940 DEG C, and after carrying out carburizing treatment 40 ~ 50s to crown, air cooling to 700 ~ 730 DEG C after taking out, put into hardening liquid and carry out cooling 2 ~ 5min, then gear is taken out air cooling to room temperature by workpiece;
10) third time tempering: whole gear is put into tempering stove, is heated to 160 ~ 190 DEG C, insulation 2 ~ 2.5h, air cooling is to room temperature.
As preferably, the chemical composition of described gear is made up of following component according to weight percent: the carbon of 2.428%, the chromium of 4.12%, 0.26% silicon, 0.46% manganese, 3.18% molybdenum, 0.198% nickel, 0.205% copper, 11.34% vanadium, 0.16% rare earth, be not more than 0.04% sulphur, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
As preferably, described thermal treatment comprises the steps:
1) preheating: whole gear is put into box type heater and carry out thermal pretreatment, preheating temperature is 420 DEG C, and the preheating insulation time is 18min;
2) normalizing: the gear after preheating is heated to 950 DEG C, insulation 72min, then water-cooled to 6530 DEG C, insulation 162min, air-cooled to room temperature;
3) instant heating: adopt high-frequency quenching ruhmkorff coil to carry out instant heating, first the teeth portion of gear is heated to 246 DEG C by routine, then the power of radio-frequency induction coil is adjusted to 711KW, makes the temperature rapid temperature increases of gear tooth to 932 DEG C within the time of 0.8s.
4) selective hardening: be incubated 62s at the temperature of 932 DEG C in temperature, water-cooled, to 645 DEG C, is incubated 42s, and water-cooled is to 355 DEG C, and insulation 26s, is cooled to room temperature;
5) tempering: whole gear is put into tempering stove, is heated to 218 DEG C, insulation 2.68h, air cooling;
6) freezing treatment: whole gear is put into refrigerated tank, reduces the temperature to-72 DEG C, freezing treatment 2.6h;
7) second time selective hardening: adopt selective hardening coil to heat tooth root, Heating temperature is 976 DEG C, insulation 62s, water-cooled is to 492 DEG C, and be incubated 46s, then water-cooled is to 287 DEG C, and insulation 21s, is then cooled to room temperature;
8) second time tempering: whole gear is put into tempering stove, is heated to 192 DEG C, insulation 2.95h, air cooling;
9) carburizing: gear is put into cementing furnace, is heated to 932 DEG C, and after carrying out carburizing treatment 48s to crown, air cooling to 715 DEG C after taking out, puts into hardening liquid by workpiece and carry out cooling 4min, then gear is taken out air cooling to room temperature;
10) third time tempering: whole gear is put into tempering stove, is heated to 178 DEG C, insulation 2.32h, air cooling is to room temperature.
effect of the present invention is:
1, by the collocation of specific components and specific heat treatment mode, the points hardness of gear and bulk strength are improved;
2, by the collocation of heat treated design parameter, the performance of gear is largely increased;
3, by the partial heat treatment of concrete steps, privileged site is had specific performance;
4, significantly added by the heat treated wear resistance making gear that coordinates of freezing process (freezing treatment) and other.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of wear-resistant gear, the chemical composition of described gear is made up of following component according to weight percent: the carbon of 2.39%, the chromium of 4.1%, the silicon of 0.21%, manganese, the molybdenum of 3.18%, nickel, the copper of 0.189%, vanadium, the rare earth of 0.168%, the sulphur of 0.008% of 11.32% of 0.22% of 0.48%, and surplus is iron and inevitable impurity; By the steel of said components by after casting and forging formative gear, heat-treat;
Described thermal treatment comprises the steps:
1) preheating: whole gear is put into box type heater and carry out thermal pretreatment, preheating temperature is 412 DEG C, and the preheating insulation time is 21min;
2) normalizing: the gear after preheating is heated to 942 DEG C, insulation 82min, then water-cooled to 654 DEG C, insulation 138min, air-cooled to room temperature;
3) instant heating: adopt high-frequency quenching ruhmkorff coil to carry out instant heating, first the teeth portion of gear is heated to 245 DEG C by routine, then the power of radio-frequency induction coil is adjusted to 745KW, makes the temperature rapid temperature increases of gear tooth to 938 DEG C within the time of 1.2s.
4) selective hardening: be incubated 65s at the temperature of 932 DEG C in temperature, water-cooled, to 675 DEG C, is incubated 54s, and water-cooled is to 345 DEG C, and insulation 28s, is cooled to room temperature;
5) tempering: whole gear is put into tempering stove, is heated to 218 DEG C, insulation 2.95h, air cooling;
6) freezing treatment: whole gear is put into refrigerated tank, reduces the temperature to-71 DEG C, freezing treatment 2.12h;
7) second time selective hardening: adopt selective hardening coil to heat tooth root, Heating temperature is 972 DEG C, insulation 68s, water-cooled is to 492 DEG C, and be incubated 42s, then water-cooled is to 291 DEG C, and insulation 22s, is then cooled to room temperature;
8) second time tempering: whole gear is put into tempering stove, is heated to 192 DEG C, insulation 2.95h, air cooling;
9) carburizing: gear is put into cementing furnace, is heated to 932 DEG C, and after carrying out carburizing treatment 48s to crown, air cooling to 722 DEG C after taking out, puts into hardening liquid by workpiece and carry out cooling 4min, then gear is taken out air cooling to room temperature;
10) third time tempering: whole gear is put into tempering stove, is heated to 172 DEG C, insulation 2.3h, air cooling is to room temperature.
After above-mentioned process, its microstructure is equally distributed ferrite and pearlite, and grain fineness number is 7 ~ 9 grades, and the hardness of gear teeth face reaches 88.8HRC, and case depth is 0.72mm.
embodiment 2:
A kind of preparation method of wear-resistant gear, the chemical composition of described gear is made up of following component according to weight percent: the carbon of 2.428%, the chromium of 4.12%, 0.26% silicon, 0.46% manganese, 3.18% molybdenum, 0.198% nickel, 0.205% copper, 11.34% vanadium, 0.16% rare earth, be not more than 0.04% sulphur, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity; By the steel of said components by after casting and forging formative gear, heat-treat;
Described thermal treatment comprises the steps:
1) preheating: whole gear is put into box type heater and carry out thermal pretreatment, preheating temperature is 420 DEG C, and the preheating insulation time is 18min;
2) normalizing: the gear after preheating is heated to 950 DEG C, insulation 72min, then water-cooled to 6530 DEG C, insulation 162min, air-cooled to room temperature;
3) instant heating: adopt high-frequency quenching ruhmkorff coil to carry out instant heating, first the teeth portion of gear is heated to 246 DEG C by routine, then the power of radio-frequency induction coil is adjusted to 711KW, makes the temperature rapid temperature increases of gear tooth to 932 DEG C within the time of 0.8s.
4) selective hardening: be incubated 62s at the temperature of 932 DEG C in temperature, water-cooled, to 645 DEG C, is incubated 42s, and water-cooled is to 355 DEG C, and insulation 26s, is cooled to room temperature;
5) tempering: whole gear is put into tempering stove, is heated to 218 DEG C, insulation 2.68h, air cooling;
6) freezing treatment: whole gear is put into refrigerated tank, reduces the temperature to-72 DEG C, freezing treatment 2.6h;
7) second time selective hardening: adopt selective hardening coil to heat tooth root, Heating temperature is 976 DEG C, insulation 62s, water-cooled is to 492 DEG C, and be incubated 46s, then water-cooled is to 287 DEG C, and insulation 21s, is then cooled to room temperature;
8) second time tempering: whole gear is put into tempering stove, is heated to 192 DEG C, insulation 2.95h, air cooling;
9) carburizing: gear is put into cementing furnace, is heated to 932 DEG C, and after carrying out carburizing treatment 48s to crown, air cooling to 715 DEG C after taking out, puts into hardening liquid by workpiece and carry out cooling 4min, then gear is taken out air cooling to room temperature;
10) third time tempering: whole gear is put into tempering stove, is heated to 178 DEG C, insulation 2.32h, air cooling is to room temperature.
After above-mentioned process, its microstructure is equally distributed ferrite and pearlite, and grain fineness number is 7 ~ 9 grades, and the hardness of gear teeth face reaches 91.6HRC, and case depth is 0.86mm.